Key indicators summarise the report’s central metrics. All values are calculated from the underlying dataset and refer to the full period unless otherwise stated. Percentages (peer-reviewed, Open Access, international collaboration) are calculated as a share of total publications per year.
Percentage change is not shown when the base value is below 10 units, as small base values produce statistically unstable percentages (Hicks et al., 2015, principle 8; cf. CDC rule for n < 16). Absolute values are shown instead.
The period 1935–2026 comprises 1 160 publications from 5 145 researchers (SwePub). Two parallel trends are evident: a shift toward peer review and a transition to open access publishing. The share of publications in Level 2 channels (Norwegian list) has decreased during the period.
During the period 1935-2025, the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) was +5.1%. The trend is increasing (statistically significant; p < 0.05). The following years had unusually high publication activity: 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025.
Utforska vilka ämneskategorier som finns representerade i datasetet. Notera att publikationer som regel har flera kategorier. Därför är det regel, inte undantag, att procentsatserna tillsammans utgör mer än 100%. Om x är 100% och y är 15% så betyder det att samtliga publikationer kategoriserats som x, och av dem har 15% också kategoriserats som y.
Insights
Natural sciences dominates (82 %).
Subject breadth has increased — research has become more diversified
(1935–2026, H: 0.57 → 0.76). Moderate interdisciplinarity — research
combines related subject areas. Rao-Stirling: 0.547 (where 0 = single
discipline, 1 = maximum diversity). Based on 6 HSV main areas (Swedish
classification).
Shannon H (evenness index) measures how evenly publications are distributed across subject areas. A value of 1.00 means perfect evenness; lower values indicate dominance by individual areas. Rao-Stirling measures interdisciplinarity by weighing both the distribution and the taxonomic distance between subject areas according to the Swedish classification system. The scale ranges from 0 (all publications in one subject) to 1 (maximum spread across distant subject areas).
Andel av totala publikationer per år (%). Notera att en publikation kan tillhöra flera kategorier.
I datasetet finns det totalt 30 nivå 2-kategorier. Här visas de vanligaste 25.
Andel av totala publikationer per år (%). Notera att en publikation kan tillhöra flera kategorier.
During 1935–2026, 18.4% (214 of 1,160) publications lack subject classification at this level.
Andel av totala publikationer per år (%). Notera att en publikation kan tillhöra flera kategorier.
Insights
The peer-reviewed share: 86.1 % recent
decade (2017–2026), up from 81.5 % previous decade (2007–2016).
Long-term trend (1935–2026): increasing. Note that 0% in the first year
of the period may reflect incomplete metadata rather than an actual
absence of peer review.
1156 publications (100%) scientific, 4 publications (0%) other.
Older years (1935–2018) aggregated for readability. Full timespan available in data export.
Researchers are listed below, sorted by scientific productivity.
Insights
The top 20% most productive researchers
account for 29% of publications (Gini 0.11, scale: 0 = even, 1 = fully
concentrated). Average number of co-authors: 7.4 recent decade
(2017–2026), up from 4.6 (2007–2016).
The OA analysis is based on 840 publications with DOI matched against OpenAlex (72% of 1160 total). 265 publications lack DOI and are therefore not included in OA statistics.
Insights
The OA share went from 0 % to 100 %
(+100 percentage points) during 1992–2026. Gold accounted for the
largest increase (+26.9 percentage points). Green OA accounts for 6 % of
all publications — available via open repository after an embargo period
(typically 6–12 months); more recent publications may not yet be freely
accessible. Diamond OA (no fees for authors or readers) accounts for 3.5
%.
Note:
840 of 895 publications with DOI were
matched against OpenAlex and assigned OA status (93.9%). OA status is
sourced from OpenAlex (based on Unpaywall). OA status may be
retroactively classified.
The Norwegian Publication Indicator (NPI), also known as the Norwegian list, classifies publication channels into two levels. Level 2 (top ~20% per field) is considered the most prestigious channels. Level 1 covers other approved channels.
NPI level is a static classification based on the latest available data from the Channel Register (HK-dir). Historical level changes are not considered. Level 2 means the channel belongs to the top ~20% within its field — not that each individual article is necessarily of higher quality (cf. Leiden Manifesto, principle 5).
Insights
101 research groups of roughly equal
size; no single cluster dominates. Each researcher collaborates with an
average of 5.1 others (a densely connected network). Clear cluster
structure (Modularity 0.98); researchers primarily work within their own
group. The network is sparse: only 0.8% of all researcher pairs have a
direct collaboration link.
The co-authorship network is built from co-authored publications. Each node represents a researcher, and each edge is weighted by number of joint publications. Edge weights are normalized using association strength (Van Eck & Waltman, 2009) before clustering with the Louvain algorithm. Centrality measures: degree (number of collaborators), collaboration intensity (total co-authoring frequency), and bridge score (weighted betweenness using inverse weights, Newman 2004). Network density measures the proportion of realized vs. possible collaborations. Terminology: «Collaborators (avg)» = mean degree; «Clustering» = modularity (Newman, 2004).
‘Samförfattade texter’ anger antalet texter författaren skrivit tillsammans med en eller flera samförfattare.
Network statistics show central nodes in the collaboration network. Degree is the number of direct collaborations, while betweenness shows which authors act as bridges between different groups.
Notera: Degree shows the number of unique collaboration partners with SwePub-ID. Authors whose co-authors lack SwePub-ID have no network values.
Den första medförfattaren som listas är den som författaren skrivit tillsammans med flest gånger. ‘Antal’ anger antal medförfattade texter med författaren. Upp till fyra ytterligare medförfattare anges, i fallande ordning efter antal medförfattarskap.
Notera: 1991 samarbeten med författare utan SwePub-ID filtrerades bort (ej visade i tabellen)
Nedan är en visualisering av datasetets 101 olika grupperingar. Färgerna anger olika grupper.
The co-authorship network comprises 675 researchers and 1728 collaborations. Due to the size of the dataset, a simplified version highlighting the strongest collaboration patterns (backbone analysis) is shown. Individual connections with few joint publications have been omitted for clarity.
Each node represents a researcher and each link a co-authorship. Colors indicate research groups (clusters) identified via modularity analysis. Node size reflects number of publications.
Namn på författare till höger; grupp-id till höger. Du kan se storlek på grupperna och gruppernas vanligaste keywords i tabellerna som följer. En kombination av sökning och sortering kan användas för att utforska gruppmedlemskap vidare.
Tabellen är begränsad till a) grupper med fler än 3 medlemmar; b) grupper med minst ett keyword i någon publikation; c) de tio mest använda nyckelord per grupp.
See also the supervisor and opponent network in the researcher section for an analysis of academic collaboration patterns beyond co-authorship.
Unlike the co-authorship analysis, which maps collaboration through joint publications, this section reveals the academic networks that emerge through dissertation supervision and opposition. Supervisors and opponents active at multiple institutions form informal knowledge bridges between organizations — relationships rarely captured by traditional bibliometric measures but which can reveal important patterns in academic knowledge transfer.
The supervisor/opponent network is separate from the international collaboration map. The map is based on co-authorship between author affiliations, while supervisor/opponent relations are shown in the network below.
Insights
37 researchers have supervised or
opposed across institutional boundaries. Strongest connection: KTH Royal
Institute of Technology – Kungl. Tekniska högskolan (Connection
strength: 10). Based on 69.8% of dissertations with identifiable
supervisors.
Rangordningen är inte tillförlitlig på grund av ofullständig data. Listan visas i alfabetisk ordning.
The network is based on supervisor and opponent relationships extracted from SwePub records. Connection strength is calculated as (number of supervisions × 2) + (number of oppositions × 1). The weighting (2:1) is a Bifrost convention reflecting that supervision is a longer and deeper collaborative relationship than opposition. The method lacks established bibliometric practice — it was developed specifically for Bifrost.
The supervisor:opponent weighting (2:1) is a Bifrost convention to reflect the supervisor’s greater role in the dissertation process — this is not established bibliometric practice.
Insights
766 institutions contribute. Uppsala
University, Stockholm University and Swedish University for Agricultural
Sciences account for 23 % — a broad distribution.
geovetenskap; remote sensing; learning; miljökemi; mathematics; skogsskötsel; geoteknik; fiske; design (overall design); skogsteknik; fjärranalys; lantmäteri; vatten i natur och samhälle; exogen geovetenskap; atmosfärs- och hydrosfärsvetenskap; övrig geovetenskap; geovetenskap(ersätts med naturgeografi); medicin; miljöteknik; lärande; morfologi
Insights
Broad keyword profile — no single term
dominates (HHI: 0.0011 — Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, where 0 = perfectly
even distribution, 1 = one term dominates entirely). Most common is
“climate change” appearing in 6.8 % of publications, across a total of
3226.
Färger indikerar frekvenskvantiler inom detta dataset.
Röd: Högsta frekvens (6.8-5.46%); Blå: Hög frekvens (5.46-4.12%); Grön: Medelhög frekvens (4.12-2.78%); Orange: Låg frekvens (2.78-1.44%); Grå: Lägsta frekvens (1.44-0.1%)
Declining keywords: hydrology, earth sciences, hydrologi, applied geology
No rising trends were identified. Below are deep-dive insights for declining keywords instead. These may indicate subject areas decreasing in relevance or research interest.
Trend start: 2011 (3 pubs.)
Driving actors:
Co-varying keywords:
Burst periods:
Trend start: 2006 (9 pubs.) (from first burst)
Driving actors:
Co-varying keywords:
Trend start: 2017 (3 pubs.)
Driving actors:
Co-varying keywords:
Burst periods:
Trend start: 1999 (5 pubs.) (from first burst)
Driving actors:
Co-varying keywords:
The following keywords had periods of high activity in the past but have since declined. The analysis shows when they peaked, what drove the interest, and how activity has evolved since.
Burst period: 2006–2011 (moderate burst)
Peak year: 2007 (9 pubs.)
Driving actors during period:
Co-varying keywords: uncertainty, flood risk, sequence stratigraphy
Current status: Declining
Burst period: 1999–2001 (moderate burst)
Peak year: 2000 (5 pubs.)
Driving actors during period:
Co-varying keywords: tillämpad geologi, electron micoprobe analysis, flooding
Current status: Declining
Burst period: 2016–2021 (moderate burst)
Peak year: 2020 (8 pubs.)
Driving actors during period:
Co-varying keywords: droughts, hydrology, climate change
Current status: Stable
Burst period: 2016–2020 (moderate burst)
Peak year: 2017 (7 pubs.)
Driving actors during period:
Co-varying keywords: den föränderliga jorden, lena river, amphibole microchemistry
Current status: Stable
Burst period: 2016–2020 (moderate burst)
Peak year: 2017 (5 pubs.)
Driving actors during period:
Co-varying keywords: the changing earth, lena river, apollo 14
Current status: Stable
Heatmappen visar hur ofta nyckelord förekommer tillsammans i samma publikationer. Szymkiewicz-Simpson-koefficienten (0-1) mäter överlappningen mellan två nyckelord i förhållande till det minst frekventa ordets förekomst. Röda asterisker (✱) i rutornas övre högra hörn markerar statistiskt signifikanta samförekomster (p < 0.05).
Keywords that frequently co-occur in the same publications form thematic clusters. The table below summarizes the clusters; the interactive graph shows the relationships visually.
Frekvensen av enskilda ord i datasetet som helhet. Ord har hämtats från titel, abstract och keywords. “Frekvens” är totala användningar, inklusive antal omnämningar i en och samma text, medan “publikationer” är antalet unika texter var ordet förekommer.
Insights
The 5 most common words (by share of
publications) are: “flood” (71%), “water” (45%), “flooding” (38%),
“climate” (35%), “risk” (30%). These patterns reflect the thematic core
of the dataset.
Notis: Datasetet innehåller 19597 rader. För bästa prestanda visas endast de 8000 med högst frekvens i tabellen.
Ifall du vill undersöka frevkensen av några särskilda ord mer noggrant, ange dem i variabeln ‘to_stem’.
These trends are indicative and complement the keyword analysis above.
Methodological note: Word frequency analysis is based on individual words extracted from title, abstract, and keywords. Unlike author-selected keywords, individual words can be noisier and more ambiguous — for example, the word ‘system’ may appear in both technical and social science contexts, while the keyword ‘adaptive systems’ is more precise. Stricter thresholds are used (minimum 10 occurrences, correlation > 0.5) and academic stopwords are excluded.
Rising/declining shows trends over time (Spearman correlation). New/disappearing shows lifecycle — when words started or stopped being used.
Rising words: adaptation, additionally, assessment, blue, climate, coastal, consequences, dense, disaster, drought
…and 36 more words
Declining words: 0.2, 0.5, 2d, abrupt, absence, abundant, acceptable, accounted, accounts, accumulated
…and 825 more words
New words (first seen 2005 or later): 0.1, 0.3, 2.5, 2d, 3d, 4.5, 8.5, ability, abrupt, absence
…and 1037 more words
Analyzed 2042 words (minimum 10 occurrences, minimum 5 years).
The first doctoral thesis in the dataset is from 1935, Studies of the morphological activity of rivers as illustrated by the River Fyris by Hjulström, Filip. From then until 2025, a total of 83 theses have been registered. Of these, 70 are doctoral theses and 13 are licentiate theses.
En komplett lista av sökningens resultat. Initialt sorterat efter år (fallande) och författare (stigande). Ändra ordningen vid kolumnrubriken. Sökning kan göras över alla visade fält.