@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_lundinlc_2000,
  title = {Flooding},
  author = {Lundin, L-C and Bergström, S},
  year = {2000},
  journal = {Sustainable Water Management in the Baltic Sea Basin. 1. The Waterscape},
  pages = {165--172},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: The Baltic University Programme, Uppsala University},
  keywords = {hydrology; hydrologi}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_iranezhadmasoud_2014,
  title = {Hydrological Feasibility of Flood Barriers to Protect the Gothenburg (Sweden) during the 21st Century - An Initial Assessment},
  author = {Iranezhad, Masoud and Moback, Ulf and Bergdahl, Lars and Klöve, Björn},
  year = {2014},
  journal = {Conference: XXVIII Nordic Hydrological Conference, Nordic Water 2014: The Nordic Hydrology Model - Linking science and practice, At Stockholm, Sweden, 11-13 August 2014},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {flood      control      structures; climate      change; water level model; gothenburg; sea level rising},
  abstract = {Climate change due to increasing of greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere will cause mean sea level to rise about +1 m by 2100. To prevent coastal floods resulted from the sea level rising, different flood control structures have been built and showed acceptable protection levels at least so far; e.g. Thames Barrier in London, UK. Gothenburg city on the south-west coast of Sweden, with the Göta älv River running through it, is one of vulnerable cities to the accelerated sea level rise. Besides, a high tide in southern Sweden will be increased to +2 m above the current sea level by 2100. Hence, most parts of Gothenburg will experience flooding events during the 21st century, even the City Planning Office of Gothenburg suggests +2.5 m above the current sea level as the safe level for setting the shelter of especially important facilities by 2100. Developing water level model by MATLAB, we investigated the hydrological feasibility of using flood barriers in the Göta älv River to protect the Gothenburg city against flooding events during this century. One flood control barrier at the river upstream (upstream barrier) in the Gothenburg region and a sea barrage (Göta älv barrage) at the entrance point of the river to the North Sea were suggested by this study. Considering three operational scenarios for these barriers, the highest sea level was estimated to +2.95 m above the current mean sea level by 2100. To prove flood protection against such high sea levels, both barriers have to be closed. In order to prevent high water levels in the Göta älv reservoir due to the runoff generation from rainfall, the barriers would be open when the sea level is low. This preliminary assessment concluded the suggested sea and flood barriers would successfully protect the Gothenburg city from flooding events during the 21st century.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_brandtsanders_2004,
  title = {3D geovisualization as a communication and analysis tool in fluvial geomorphology},
  author = {Brandt, S. Anders and Jiang, Bin},
  year = {2004},
  journal = {Geoinformatics 2004},
  pages = {339--346},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Gävle : Gävle University Press},
  keywords = {geovisualization; hydrology; fluvial geomorphology; rivers; sediment transport; erosion; deposition; reservoir flushing; downstream effects; gis; elevation modelling; dem; planning; earth sciences; hydrologi; sedimentology; sedimentologi},
  abstract = {The fields of hydrology and fluvial geomorphology get more and more attention in the general public. The reason for this is changed climate patterns with increased frequencies of storms and river flooding and as a result changed geomorphology and living conditions for the inhabitants of the area. With the development of 3D geovisualization, hydrological and geomorphological processes can be better simulated and visualized. Thus not only the domain specialists, but also the general public can appreciate very complex hydrological processes and resulting geomorphology. This is of great value since a high frequency of storms and flooding has been a big issue for politicians, planners, and the general public. It is in this sense that 3D geovisualization can be an important tool for analysis and communication. Complex hydrological and geomorphological processes can be effectively simulated and analyzed by the domain specialists while efficient and effective visualization provides a common platform for communication among domain specialists and the general public. This paper will discuss and illustrate these issues using a case study of geomorphology along the Reventazón River, downstream from the Cachí Reservoir in Costa Rica, due to the release of extreme amounts of sediment during flushing of the reservoir.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_sonestenlars_2016,
  title = {Impact of discharge data uncertainty on nutrient load uncertainty},
  author = {Sonesten, Lars},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Abstracts},
  number = {18},
  pages = {18},
  language = {eng},
  abstract = {Uncertainty in the rating-curve model of the stage-discharge relationship leads to uncertainty in discharge time series. These uncertainties in turn affect many other analyses based on discharge data, such as nutrient load estimations. It is important to understand how large the impact of discharge data uncertainty is on such analyses, since they are often used as the basis to take important environmental management decisions. In the Baltic Sea basin, nutrient load estimates from river mouths are a central information basis for managing and reducing eutrophication in the Baltic Sea. In this study we investigated rating curve uncertainty and its propagation to discharge data uncertainty and thereafter to uncertainty in the load of phosphorous and nitrogen for twelve Swedish river mouths.   We estimated rating curve uncertainty using the Voting Point method, which accounts for random and epistemic errors in the stage–discharge relation and allows drawing multiple rating-curve realisations consistent with the total uncertainty. We sampled 40,000 rating curves, and for each sampled curve we calculated a discharge time series from 15-minute water level data for the period 2005–2014. Each discharge time series was then aggregated to daily scale and used to calculate the load of phosphorous and nitrogen from linearly interpolated monthly water samples, following the currently used methodology for load estimation. Finally the yearly load estimates were calculated and we thus obtained distributions with 40,000 load realisations per year – one for each rating curve.   We analysed how the rating curve uncertainty propagated to the discharge time series at different temporal resolutions, and its impact on the yearly load estimates. Two shorter periods of daily water quality sampling around the spring flood peak allowed a comparison of load uncertainty magnitudes resulting from discharge data with those resulting from the monthly water quality sampling.},
  issn = {1029-7006}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kreibichheidi_2017,
  title = {Adaptation to flood risk: Results of international paired flood event studies},
  author = {Kreibich, Heidi and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Vorogushyn, Sergiy and Aerts, Jeroen C. J. H. and Apel, Heiko and Aronica, Giuseppe T. and Arnbjerg-Nielsen, Karsten and Bouwer, Laurens M. and Bubeck, Philip and Caloiero, Tommaso and Chinh, Do T. and Cortès, Maria and Gain, Animesh K. and Giampá, Vincenzo and Kuhlicke, Christian and Kundzewicz, Zbigniew W. and Llasat, Maria Carmen and Mård, Johanna and Matczak, Piotr and Mazzoleni, Maurizio and Molinari, Daniela and Dung, Nguyen V. and Petrucci, Olga and Schröter, Kai and Slager, Kymo and Thieken, Annegret H. and Ward, Philip J. and Merz, Bruno},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Earth's Future},
  pages = {953--965},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {vulnerability; adaptation; flooding; global environmental change},
  abstract = {As flood impacts are increasing in large parts of the world, understanding the primary drivers of changes in risk is essential for effective adaptation. To gain more knowledge on the basis of empirical case studies, we analyze eight paired floods, that is, consecutive flood events that occurred in the same region, with the second flood causing significantly lower damage. These success stories of risk reduction were selected across different socioeconomic and hydro-climatic contexts. The potential of societies to adapt is uncovered by describing triggered societal changes, as well as formal measures and spontaneous processes that reduced flood risk. This novel approach has the potential to build the basis for an international data collection and analysis effort to better understand and attribute changes in risk due to hydrological extremes in the framework of the IAHSs Panta Rhei initiative. Across all case studies, we find that lower damage caused by the second event was mainly due to significant reductions in vulnerability, for example, via raised risk awareness, preparedness, and improvements of organizational emergency management. Thus, vulnerability reduction plays an essential role for successful adaptation. Our work shows that there is a high potential to adapt, but there remains the challenge to stimulate measures that reduce vulnerability and risk in periods in which extreme events do not occur.},
  issn = {2328-4277}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_granssongunnel_2024,
  title = {Reträtt som en långsiktig klimatanpassningsstrategi: Utmaningar och möjligheter för Sverige: [Retreat as a long-term climate adaptation strategy: Challenges and opportunities for Sweden]},
  author = {Göransson, Gunnel and Van Well, Lisa and Bendz, David},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Vatten},
  volume = {2},
  number = {80},
  pages = {69--81},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {: Föreningen Vatten},
  keywords = {climate adaptation; flexmark; flooding; relocation; planned retreat; flytt; klimatanpassning; omlokalisering; planerad reträtt; översvämning},
  abstract = {Med stigande havsnivå och mer omfattande regn blir klimatanpassning allt viktigare för Sverige men möjligheten flytta tillgångar ut ur högriskområden i situationer där traditionella lösningar inte längre är samhällsekonomiskt försvarbara förbises till stor del. Reträtt som klimatanpassningsstrategi till översvämningar handlar om att återskapa plats för vattnet när lösningen inte längre ligger i att stänga ute eller inne vattnet. Denna artikel sammanfattar ett forskningsprojekt som undersökte utmaningarna med reträtt i Sverige utifrån (i) territoriella utmaningar i fyra kommuner och ett län, (ii) invånarnas oro över klimatförändring och syn på anpassning, samt utifrån (iii) lokala, regionala och nationella myndigheters och organisationers perspektiv på planerad reträtt. Resultaten visar att även om många strandområden i Sverige ännu inte är kraftigt påverkade av effekterna av klimatförändringen, är det viktigt att börja planera långsiktigt nu för att undvika mer drastiska åtgärder i framtiden. Utmaningarna med planerad reträtt i Sverige är främst kopplade till kortsiktig ekonomi och tänkande, medan möjligheterna ligger i ett mer långsiktigt perspektiv. Lösningar för en reträttstrategi handlar inte specifikt om tekniska åtgärder utan om att forma och implementera transformativa visioner för samhällena med hänsyn till deras territoriella förutsättningar. En förståelse för det platsspecifika förutsättningarna underlättar i kommunikationen med allmänheten och även om det råder en omognad i att överväga alternativa anpassningsstrategier ses inte reträtt som omöjligt. Däremellan kan flexibla strategier för markanvändning i översvämningshotade områden vara en möjlighet för att hantera osäkerheter och som samtidigt kan skapa positiva värden på vägen.},
  issn = {0042-2886}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_swrdhenrik_2018,
  title = {In the wake of deglaciation - sedimentary signatures of ice-sheet decay and sea-level change: Studies from south-central Sweden and the western Arctic Ocean},
  author = {Swärd, Henrik},
  year = {2018},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University},
  keywords = {paleoenvironmental changes; last deglaciation; sedimentology; lake vättern; western arctic ocean; mackenzie trough; herald canyon; marine geology; maringeologi},
  abstract = {Lacustrine and marine sedimentary archives help unravel details concerning the withdrawal of large ice sheets and resulting sea-level changes during the last deglaciation (22 -11 kyr). In a series of four manuscripts, this PhD thesis investigates the sedimentological signatures from deglacial processes at three key locations in the northern hemisphere: (i) Lake Vättern (LV) in south-central Sweden, (ii) Herald Canyon (HC) in the western Chukchi Sea, and (iii) Mackenzie Trough (MT) on the westernmost edge of the Canadian Beaufort Shelf. One lacustrine (LV) and two marine (HC and MT) sediment cores were analyzed using a broad range of methods to describe the physical, chemical, mineralogical and biological characteristics, and used to construct paleoenvironmental interpretations.Constituting the westernmost part of the Baltic Sea during parts of the last deglaciation, LV has long been envisaged as a key region for deglacial studies in southern Scandinavia. Sediments in LV highlight four major lake development stages following the withdrawal of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet. These include the Baltic Ice Lake, the Yoldia Sea, the Ancylus Lake and the ultimate isolated lake stage. New radiocarbon dates indicate that the lake became isolated at 9530±50 cal. yr BP. A sharp transition from a varved clay unit to a partly sulfide laminated clay unit marks the final drainage of the Baltic Ice Lake, dated to 11 650±280 cal. yr BP. However, an earlier peak in pore water chlorinity identified in the sediment provides the most compelling evidence to date for an initial drainage of the Baltic Ice Lake (~12.8 cal. kyr BP) near the onset of the Younger Dryas cold event.Located downstream from where Pacific water flows into the Arctic, HC is a key location for understanding the details of the early Holocene (~11 cal. yr BP) flooding of the Bering Strait, and investigating sedimentological proxies for Pacific water in Arctic Ocean sediment cores. The deglacial transgression of the shelf and opening of the Bering Strait is reflected in the grain size and biogenic silica content from the HC sediment core. However, a clear Pacific water signature is not seen in the clay mineralogy which exhibits increased variability after the opening of the Bering Strait. This is interpreted as a combination of Pacific and East Siberian sources for bottom waters in HC. The absence of a clear Pacific water signature in the clay mineralogy highlights potential limitations to using this proxy in other records from the western Arctic.Far field studies from the Arctic Ocean have argued that Mackenzie River sediments in Younger Dryas age sediments can be recognized by a unique mineral and isotopic composition, but no detailed proximal study of Mackenzie River sediments exists to support this assertion. The mineral and isotopic (Sr and Nd) studies presented in this thesis from the third of the key regions, the MT, fills this gap. The results show that the mineral assemblage and ɛNd of fine fraction material remained relatively stable during the decay of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. An exception to this exists in a transitional sedimentary unit, deposited immediately after transgression at the site, and might be related to meltwater pulses associated with the drainage of the Lake Agassiz. The results suggest that the modern mineral and isotopic signature of Mackenzie River sediments may not be a suitable proxy for deglacial meltwater events in far field sedimentary records.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_limnancyjoy_2018,
  title = {Modelling, mapping and visualisation of flood inundation uncertainties},
  author = {Lim, Nancy Joy},
  year = {2018},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Gävle University Press},
  keywords = {cartography; flood; hydraulic modelling; gis; map; uncertainty; visualisation; hydraulisk modellering; karta; kartografi; osäkerhet; visualisering; översvämning; sustainable urban development; hållbar stadsutveckling},
  abstract = {Flood maps showing extents of predicted flooding for a given extreme event have wide usage in all types of spatial planning tasks, as well as serving as information material for the public. However, the production processes that these maps undergo (including the different data, methods, models and decisions from the persons generating them), which include both Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and hydraulic modelling, affect the map’s content, and will be reflected in the final map. A crisp flood boundary, which is a common way of representing the boundary in flood maps, may therefore not be the best representation to be used. They provide a false implication that these maps are correct and that the flood extents are absolute, despite the effects of the entire modelling in the prediction output. Hence, this research attempts to determine how flood prediction outputs can be affected by uncertainties in the modelling process. In addition, it tries to evaluate how users understand, utilise and perceive flood uncertainty information. Three main methods were employed in the entire research: uncertainty modelling and analyses; map and geovisualisation development; and user assessment. The studies in this work showed that flood extents produced were influenced by the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) resolution and the Manning’s  used. This effect was further increased by the topographic characteristic of the floodplain. However, the performance measure used, which quantify how well a model produces result in relation to a reference floor boundary, had also biases in quantifying outputs. Determining the optimal model output, therefore, depended on outcomes of the goodness-of-fit measures used. In this research, several ways were suggested on how uncertainties can be visualised based on the data derived from the uncertainty assessment and by characterising the uncertainty information. These can be through: dual-ended maps; flood probability maps; sequential maps either highlighting the degrees of certainty (certainty map) or degrees of uncertainty (uncertainty map) in the data; binary maps; overlain flood boundaries from different calibration results; and performance bars. Different mapping techniques and visual variables were used for their representation. These mapping techniques employed, as well as the design of graphical representation, helped facilitate understanding the information by the users, especially when tested during the evaluations. Note though that there were visualisations, which the user found easier to comprehend depending on the task given. Each of these visualisations had also its advantages and disadvantages in communicating flood uncertainty information, as shown in the assessments conducted. Another important aspect that came out in the study was how the users’ background influence decision-making when using these maps. Users’ willingness to take risks depended not only on the map, but their perceptions on the risk itself. However, overall, users found the uncertainty maps to be useful to be incorporated in planning tasks.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_nornviveca_2016,
  title = {When water becomes a threat: Risk assessment and risk management plans for floods and drinking water in Swedish practice},
  author = {Norén, Viveca},
  year = {2016},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis},
  keywords = {flood; drinking water supply; risk management; risk assessment; flood risk management plan (frmp); integrated flood management (ifm); tools and methods; practice compared to theory; sweden; municipalities; interview study; document study; earth science with specialization in environmental analysis; geovetenskap med inriktning mot miljöanalys},
  abstract = {Water is an essential but vulnerable resource. A shortage of good quality drinking water is a threat to human health and society as a whole. Abundance of water in the form of floods can also be a serious threat which can have consequences for the drinking water supply. To reduce these risks there is a need for systematic risk reduction. In the last decades a risk management approach has been developed in the management of both flood and drinking water risks. This means that a reactive, ad hoc management is being replaced by a more proactive and systematic approach where risks are analysed and evaluated as a basis for prioritising counter-measures. The complex nature of water issues has also made it evident that there is a need for a holistic view of the management, involving a variety of actors and sectors. An integrated management approach to floods and water resources has emerged.This thesis aims to examine how local level risk management, especially risk assessments, of floods and drinking water supply have been or can be performed in practice in Sweden. The existing practices have been characterised in relation to current risk management frameworks. Furthermore, the thesis aims to investigate how the effects of flood on drinking water supply have been considered in risk assessment methods and in flood risk management plans, as well as whether flood and drinking water risks have been considered in an integrated manner. The studies are based on interviews with flood risk managers in Swedish municipalities and Swedish water producers as well as on document studies of risk assessment methods and flood risk management plans.There are large variations between different municipalities and water producers in how, and to what extent, risk assessments have been performed. Some have performed very little, if any, risk assessment while others have worked systematically. The tools used are often those that are promoted by national agencies and are often less advanced than those described in the literature. The risk assessments do not always cover all relevant aspects of the risk and few actors have discussed an acceptable risk level. Flood risk assessments focus mostly on the exposure of objects to flood and investigate the consequences of such an exposure only to a limited extent. The incomplete risk assessments may result in a biased view of the risk which in turn can lead to poor decision-making. The theoretical knowledge about risk management is in many cases low and there is still often a practical approach. Strategic and holistic approaches are mostly lacking.The consequences of flood on drinking water supply are not known in detail and are not considered in detail in risk assessments commonly used in Sweden. There is an awareness of the need to coordinate the management of flood and water resources. However, despite the good intentions regarding integration, there are few signs in the risk assessments and risk management plans that integration is actually occurring.Both the risk management approach and integrated management have started to be implemented in Swedish flood and drinking water risk management. It is however on a basic level and it is still a long way to go. Further guidance and knowledge about risk management as well as commitment from and collaboration among all actors concerned is needed to make this development possible.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_duboiskvin_2025,
  title = {On Coastal Hazards in the Baltic Sea},
  author = {Dubois, Kévin},
  year = {2025},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis},
  keywords = {coastal hazards; baltic sea; natural hazards; climate change; machine learning; extreme weather; compound flood; storm surge; wind wave},
  abstract = {Coastal regions face increasing risks from compound events, extreme sea levels, and wave hazards, all of which are expected to be influenced by ongoing climate change. In the Baltic Sea region, characterised by strong seasonal variability and semi-enclosed oceanographic conditions, projecting and managing these hazards is particularly challenging due to considerable climate-related uncertainties. This thesis explores how statistical and machine learning methods can support more accurate and flexible assessments of present and future coastal hazards. A key focus is on developing approaches to reconstruct and project high-resolution sea level and wave time series at local scales. The use of Random Forest, a machine learning algorithm, proved effective in extending historical records in data-scarce areas and enabled more robust estimates of extreme sea level probabilities by incorporating ensemble-based uncertainty quantification. The risk of flooding increases when compound events, caused by the interaction of river discharge and high sea levels, are considered at the river mouth in Halmstad, Sweden. However, results show that joint risk estimates are highly sensitive to the selection of input data and the structure of statistical models, underscoring the need for transparency and methodological care. Projections of future extremes reveal spatial variability in storm tide behaviour, and a slight decline in extreme wave heights in the Baltic Sea. However, these changes are often within the range of natural variability and differ substantially between climate models, indicating limited dependence on emissions scenarios in the case of waves. The thesis highlights the dominant role of internal atmospheric variability and underscores the importance of local, ensemble-based assessments. Overall, this work provides robust, transferable tools for coastal hazard assessment. It emphasises the value of statistical modelling to improve predictions in support of climate adaptation planning.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_eversmariele_2012,
  title = {Participation in Flood risk Management: An introduction and recommendations for implementation},
  author = {Evers, Mariele},
  year = {2012},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Karlstads universitet},
  keywords = {participation; flood risk management; floods directive; geography; geografi},
  abstract = {Involving interested parties in Flood Risk Management is a crucial and challenging issue. The implementation of the European Flood Directive requires the active participation of stakeholders. But how can this be achieved successfully? This publication gives a brief overview of participation issues in Flood Risk Management in order to prepare for and to assist participatory processes. It provides a synopsis of key issues, findings of literature research and project results in (public) participation in the field of water and flood risk management. The focus here is on general aspects of (public) participation. This publication describes an understanding of what participation is and gives some definitions of relevant terms. Furthermore the question “why is participation important?” is considered and reasons for and against participation and potential barriers are described. Guidelines for the key questions that should be addressed before a participation process is started are offered and different working steps are explained. Finally, some examples of methods and tools for participation are described.However, this short description can only give an overview and orientation of this broad field. In fact, each project and process has to be adapted to the respective situation and conditions. Nevertheless, this brochure might contribute to the participatory process in Flood Risk Management and help to involve interested parties as required by the EU Floods Directive.}
}

@mastersthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_blumenthalbarbara_2018,
  title = {Nederbördsintensitet och andra faktorer som påverkar skyfallsskador},
  author = {Blumenthal, Barbara},
  year = {2018},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {Karlstads universitet},
  keywords = {urban flood; rainfall intensity; insured flood loss; flood damage function; gis; urban översvämning; nederbördsintensitet; försäkringsskador; skadefunktion; risk and environmental studies; risk- och miljöstudier},
  abstract = {I Sverige inträffar många skyfall och intensiva regn under sommarmånaderna. Det finns inga uppenbara geografiska mönster, vilket är en skillnad gentemot älv- eller sjööversvämningar där det vanligtvis är känt vilka områden som kan komma att översvämmas vid en viss vattennivå eller ett visst vattenflöde. För individer och samhällsaktörer innebär en skyfallshändelse i många fall en stor överraskning då skyfall utvecklas snabbt och dagens meteorologiska prognossystem i stort inte lyckas att prognosticera extrema regn korrekt med avseende på mängd, tid och plats. Vädervarningar kommer med kort varsel eller uteblir helt. Konsekvenserna av intensiv nederbörd och skyfall är främst översvämningar och erosionsskador på byggnader och infrastruktur, men även störningar och avbrott i olika samhällsfunktioner som kan påverka samhället och individer utanför det drabbade området.I denna avhandling har 15 år av försäkringsskadedata använts för att undersöka samband mellan nederbördsintensitet och skyfallsskador. Även påverkan av andra faktorer som topografi, bebyggelse och socioekonomiska aspekter har undersökts. Resultaten visar att regnintensitet under ett 60 minuters intervall i kombination med korta perioder av extrem intensitet, tillsammans med topografiska faktorer spelar en betydande roll vid uppkomsten av skador.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_wardhelen_2015,
  title = {Using observations to improve modelled energy, water and carbon exchanges for urban areas},
  author = {Ward, Helen and Grimmond, CSB and Kotthaus, Simone and Järvi, Leena and Lindberg, Fredrik and Evans, Jonathan and Morrison, Will and Mustchin, John},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {ICUC9 – 9 th International Conference on Urban Climate jointly with 12th Symposium on the Urban Environment. 20-24 July 2015, Toulouse, France},
  language = {eng},
  abstract = {Models are an essential tool for studying how our surroundings influence us and how we, intentionally or inadvertently, influence our surroundings. The Surface Urban Energy and Water balance Scheme (SUEWS) uses a basic meteorological forcing dataset and information about the surface cover to model components of the energy and water balance. The model was initially developed based on studies in North America and is now being run for multiple locations around the world. Here, we evaluate the model at two locations in the UK. A network of micrometeorological observations exists across London, enabling comparisons between the city centre and suburbs. The central London study site is one of the most highly urbanised and densely populated to date. 120 km to the west is the typical suburban town of Swindon. At both of these locations, extensive observational datasets spanning several years have been collected, and work has been undertaken to classify the surface characteristics. However, as detailed land cover and socio-economic information may not always be available, we consider the impact on model performance of using only easily accessible data to provide the required inputs. SUEWS is evaluated against observations of energy and water balance components (including turbulent heat fluxes from eddy covariance and scintillometry techniques). SUEWS estimates evaporation using an adapted Penman-Monteith formulation with a variable surface conductance. Analysis of observed surface conductances suggests adjustments to improve model performance. CO2 fluxes, closely linked to the surface conductance, are also examined. The central London and suburban Swindon sites behave differently, in terms of both the magnitude and temporal variability of CO2 exchanges. These differences are almost entirely a result of land use and land cover, and associated patterns of human behaviour. Simple models based on anthropogenic emissions inventories provide an indication of the magnitude of the CO2 release, however, at the suburban site vegetation plays an important role in CO2 uptake and must be incorporated too. With improved modelling capability, the exposure of the population to risks such as thermal stress or flooding can be better estimated. Having validated the model, the impact of policy decisions and future climate scenarios on the wellbeing of the citizens can be assessed.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_anderssonskldyvonne_2023,
  title = {Ramverk för att prioritera och bedöma nyttan av klimatanpassningsåtgärder},
  author = {Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne and Mirzanamadi, Raheb and Nyberg, Erik and Erlingsson, Sigurdur and Torstensson, Peter and Göransson, Gunnel and Nordin, Lina},
  year = {2023},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut},
  keywords = {climate-related risks and adaptation measures; impact relationships; fire risk; risk of accidents caused by slipperiness/heat; flooding; erosion; landslides; rutting; bearing capacity; track buckling curves; risks from strong winds; klimatrelaterade risker och anpassningsåtgärder; effektsamband; brandrisk; olycksrisk halka/värme; översvämning; skred; spårbildning; bärighet; solkurvor; risker vid kraftiga vindar},
  abstract = {Klimatförändringarna är idag påtagliga och även om vi snabbt får ner utsläppen av växthusgaser kommer fler, mer omfattande och mer kostsamma klimatrelaterade händelser att inträffa alltmer ofta. Kostnaderna inom den svenska transportsektorn för klimatrelaterade händelser som skadar gator, vägar, spår-/järnväg, med flera sårbara delar av infrastrukturen är stora redan idag och förväntas öka. Översvämningar, bränder och skador till följd av väderrelaterade händelser på anläggningar resulterar bland annat i minskad framkomlighet och en ökad risk för olyckor. För att upprätthålla transportsystemets funktion är det därför viktigt att vi vidtar riskreducerande åtgärder för att minska sannolikheten och omfattningen av negativa konsekvenser av både dagens klimat- och väderrelaterade händelser men framför allt för att hantera framtida klimatrelaterade händelser. Det är nödvändigt att säkerställa transportsystemets funktion vid extrema väderhändelser, och under perioder av långvarig nederbörd, långvariga värmeböljor och förändrade nederbördsmönster. Det gäller också att redan idag möjliggöra anpassningsåtgärder för att hantera långsiktiga förändringar som höjd havsvattennivå och grundvattennivåer, som påverkar infrastrukturens framkomlighet och livslängd.I denna rapport presenteras sammanfattande resultat och en sammanfattning av hur ett ramverk för att utvärdera klimatrelaterade effektsamband har använts. Med effektsamband avses att identifiera, bedöma och värdera klimatrelaterade risker och riskreducerande åtgärder. I denna rapport är fokus på att identifiera, bedöma och utvärdera effektiviteten av klimatrelaterade åtgärder. Resultatet av det framtagna ramverket kan användas för att analysera riskreducerande åtgärders effekter, det vill säga för att bedöma om det är relevant att genomföra en åtgärd, när i tiden den bör genomföras samt för att bedöma vilken åtgärd som är mest relevant att genomföra. De risker som beaktas genom fallstudier innefattar brandrisk, olycksrisk på gator och vägar på grund av nollgenomgångar eller värme, översvämning, erosion och skred och påverkan på vägkonstruktionen (spårbildning, bärighet och utmattning), solkurvor och risker vid kraftiga vindar. Testerna har innefattat faro- och riskidentifiering, riskanalys, identifiering och utvärdering av möjliga åtgärder. Exempel på fallstudier är Gävleregnet 2021, ett skyfall i Kungsbacka kommun 2019, erosionsrelaterade förändringar under lång tid vid Österdalälven och beräkningar av påverkan av temperatur, fuktighet och förändringar i tjälförändringsmönster på vägkonstruktionen vid E10 vid Svappavaara. I en av de fallstudier som sammanfattas i rapporten redovisas även en monetär värdering och känslighetsanalys. Ramverket har också legat till grund för en diskussion avseende klimatrelaterade risker kopplade till elförsörjning.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_granssongunnel_2023,
  title = {Klimatanpassning genom planerad reträtt: Slutrapportering av forskningsprojektet CAMEL},
  author = {Göransson, Gunnel and Van Well, Lisa and Bendz, David and Danielsson, Per and Hedfors, Jim and Andersson, Maria and Löwgren, Jonas and Lemon, Nina and Eriksson, Daniel},
  year = {2023},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {Statens geotekniska institut},
  keywords = {planned retreat; managed retreat; sea-level rise; flooding; climate adaptation; flexible land-use; planerad reträtt; planerad flytt; havsnivåhöjning; översvämning; klimatanpassning; flexmark},
  abstract = {Det är attraktivt att bo nära vattnet men det kan innebära en utsatthet för översvämningar, kusterosion eller succesivt stigande havsnivåer. Anpassning av samhället till mer omfattande översvämningar landar oftast i olika lösningar för att skydda det vi har på platsen. Sällan planeras för att flytta byggnader, infrastruktur eller samhällsviktiga funktioner ut från riskområden till säker mark. En sådan strategi skulle skapa långsiktig trygghet och säkerhet. Det skulle också göra det möjligt att återskapa ett svämplan som fungerar som en buffert, men också främja natur och biologisk mångfald där land möter vatten. Genom ett tvärvetenskapligt angreppssätt var målen att 1) undersöka om planerad reträtt kan vara ett möjligt alternativ för anpassning till en höjd havsnivå och översvämningar från havet och från vattendrag, samt att 2) undersöka hur visualisering skulle kunna hjälpa beslutsfattare att fatta mer hållbara beslut i den fysiska planeringen.Det finns en bristande kunskapen bland Sveriges kommuner, länsstyrelser, myndigheter och branschorganisationer om vad det är att planera för en succesiv reträtt ut ur riskområden i klimatanpassningssammanhang. Det beror bland annat på i vilken omfattning dessa aktörer använder klimatscenarier i sitt arbete och att flera lokala och regionala aktörer inte ser att översvämning är ett tillräckligt stort problem idag. Genom aktiviteter med kommuner och länsstyrelsen, enkäter och intervjuer, kunde vi dock se att det finns ett intresse för planerad reträtt på lokal och regional nivå och att flytt av enstaka strukturer delvis sker om än i liten skala. För att planerad reträtt ska kunna bli en möjlig strategi för klimatanpassning behöver juridiska, finansiella och politiska hinder överbryggas och osäkerheter i klimatscenarier hanteras. Framför allt behövs en förändrad syn på vad klimatanpassning är, som inte bara innehåller skyddsåtgärder på kort och medellång sikt utan som också omfattar en långsiktig samhällsplanering som ger plats för vattnet. För att det ska bli möjligt behövs bättre samarbete mellan lokala, regionala och nationella aktörer och bättre förståelse för de lokala förutsättningarna.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bjrnelltomas_2008,
  title = {Emerging flood basalts},
  author = {Björnell, Tomas},
  year = {2008},
  language = {eng}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bergeksara_2021,
  title = {Vad händer med avrinningsområdenas ekosystemtjänster i ett framtida klimat?},
  author = {Bergek, Sara and Sandin, Leonard},
  year = {2021},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {Institutionen för akvatiska resurser, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet},
  abstract = {Ekosystemtjänster, de nyttor som ekosystemen tillhandahåller människan, är idag ett etablerat begrepp. Även om begreppet används mer och mer frekvent i den svenska förvaltningen finns ett behov att utarbeta bedömning av tillstånd och metodik för att övervaka eventuella förändringar för dessa tjänster, inte minst i tjänster från sötvatten.Sötvattensmiljöer är bland de mest påverkade miljöerna av mänsklig verksamhet. Den biologiska mångfalden minskar och klimatförändringar är ett växande hot. I denna rapport testas metodik för bedömning av tillstånd på ekosystemtjänster på lokal nivå. Rapporten ger en bild över tillstånden på ekosystemtjänsterna i nuvarande klimat och en analys över hur ett urval av ekosystemtjänster kan komma att påverkas givet kommande klimatförändringar i Sverige med mer frekventa översvämningar.Studien är gjord i två fallstudieområden, Arbogaåns och Bällstaåns avrinningsområden. Bedömningen av ekosystemtjänsternas tillstånd är gjord baserat på befintliga direktiv (främst Vattendirektivet och de nationella miljömålen) samt en slutlig expertbedömning. För Arbogaåns avrinningsområde bedömdes majoriteten av ekosystemtjänsternas tillstånd i nuvarande klimat som måttlig. Endast två ekosystemtjänster, rekreation och vetenskap och utbildning bedömdes ha god status. För Bällstaåns avrinningsområde bedömdes däremot flertalet ekosystemtjänsters tillstånd i nuvarande klimat som dålig. En ökad översvämningsrisk påverkar flertalet av de utvalda ekosystemtjänsterna negativt. Då en negativ effekt observeras för viktiga stödjande ekosystemtjänster som biologisk mångfald och livsmiljö i de båda avrinningsområdena riskerar indirekt också majoriteten av resterande ekosystemtjänsterna i vattenekosystemet att bli negativt påverkade.Rapporten ger en bild över ekosystemtjänsternas nuvarande tillstånd och hur klimatförändringar, med ökade översvämningsrisker i Sverige kan påverka tillståndet i framtiden. Översvämning kan leda till läckage av näringsämnen, humusämnen, avloppsvatten, föroreningar och därmed också påverka vattenkvaliteten och ekosystemen i vattnet. Av de ekosystemtjänster som undersöks i denna studie kommer viktiga stödjande ekosystemtjänster som biologisk mångfald och livsmiljö samt reglerande ekosystemtjänster som reglering av övergödning potentiellt påverkas negativt av översvämning. För att undvika att detta sker är det viktigt med fortsatt forskning och analys över tillstånd och åtgärder som kan minimera negativ påverkan på ekosystemtjänsterna i samband med ett förändrat klimat.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_fuentesandinodiana_2017,
  title = {Flood Hazard Assessment in Data-Scarce Basins: Use of alternative data and modelling techniques},
  author = {Fuentes-Andino, Diana},
  year = {2017},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis},
  keywords = {central america; floods; data scarcity; data quality; uncertainty analysis; regionalisation; flood frequency analysis; glue; hydraulic modelling; rainfall-runoff modeling; topmodel; lisflood-fp; gradex; index-flood; muskingum-cunge-todini flow routing; mellanamerika; högflöde; datakvalitet; osäkerhetsanalys; regionalisering; frekvensanalys av högflöden; hydraulisk modellering; nederbörds-avrinningsmodeller; indexflöde; muskingum-cunge-todini flödessvarstid; central américa; inundaciones; escasez de datos; calidad de los datos; análisis de incertidumbre; regionalización; análisis de frequencia de inundación; modelación hidraulica; modelo de lluvia-escorrentía; índice de inundación; muskingum-cunge-todini rutina de propagación de flujo},
  abstract = {Flooding is of great concern world-wide, causing damage to infrastructure, property and loss of life. Low-income countries, in particular, can be negatively affected by flood events due to their inherent vulnerabilities. Moreover, data to perform studies for flood risk management in low-income regions are often scarce or lacking sufficient quality.This thesis proposes new methodologies and explores the use of unconventional sources of information in flood hazard assessment in areas where the quantity or sufficient quality of traditional hydrometrical data are lacking. One method was developed to account for errors in spatially averaged rainfall, from a sparse rain-gauge network, used as input to a rainfall-runoff model. A spatially-averaged and event-dependent rainfall depth multiplier led to improvements of the hydrographs at calibration. And by using a distribution of the multiplier, identified from previous events in the catchment, improvement in predictions could also be obtained.A second method explored the possibility of reproducing an unmeasured extreme flood event using a combination of models, post-event data, precipitation and an uncertainty-analysis framework. This combination allowed the identification of likelihood-associated parameter sets from which the flood hazard map for the extreme event could be obtained.A third and fourth study made at the regional scale explored the value of catchment similarities, and the effects of climate on the hydrological response of catchments.Flood frequency curves were estimated for 36 basins, assumed ungauged, using regional information of short flow records, and local information about the frequency of the storm. In the second regional study, hydro-climatic information provided great value to constrain predictions of series of daily flow from a hydrological model.Previously described methods, used in combination with unconventional information within an uncertainty analysis, proven to be useful for flood hazard assessment at basins with data limitations. The explored data included: post-event measurements of an extreme flood event, hydro-climate regional information and local precipitation data. The methods presented in this thesis are expected to support development of hydrological studies underpinning flood-risk reduction in data-poor areas.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_nyberglars_2010,
  title = {Sustainability Aspects of Flood Risk Management: Interrelations and Challenges},
  author = {Nyberg, Lars and Evers, Mariele and Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne and Johansson, Magnus and Blumenthal, Barbara},
  year = {2010},
  journal = {SELECTED PAPERS FROM IDRC ON RISK REDUCTION AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT},
  pages = {101--107},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: HARBIN INST TECHNOLOGY, P R CHINA},
  keywords = {flooding; risk management; sustainability; planning; u science; risk and environmental studies},
  abstract = {Aspects of sustainable development are crucial for Flood Risk Management (FRM). These aspects are relevant for the flood risk analysis, risk evaluation and risk-reduction. Two case studies are used to identify potential conflicts between different values: Lake Vanern and Gota alv River in Sweden and Elbe River in Germany. In both cases there are diverging interests of how to manage the systems, e.g. how to regulate water levels and use floodplains. The conclusion is that the relevant sustainability aspects must be identified, addressed and valued in the risk management process, especially for different risk-reducing measure options.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_reynoldspugajoseduardo_2019,
  title = {Flood Prediction in data-scarce basins: Maximising the value of limited hydro-meteorological data},
  author = {Reynolds Puga, José Eduardo},
  year = {2019},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis},
  keywords = {floods; data scarcity; value of information; rainfall-runoff modelling; regionalisation; rainfall-forecasts; event-based calibration; climatological day; discharge day; temporal resolution; modelling time-step.; databrist; flödestoppsbaserad kalibrering; högflöde; informationsvärde; klimatologiskt dygn; nederbörds-avrinningsmodell; modelltidssteg; regionalisering; regnprognos; tids-upplösning; vattenföringsdygn; översvämning.; inundaciones; falta de datos; valor de información; modelos lluvia escorrentía; regionalización; pronósticos de lluvia; definición del día; resolución temporal; paso de tiempo.},
  abstract = {Floods pose a threat to society that can cause large socio-economic damages and loss of life in many parts of the world. Flood-forecasting models are required to provide simulations at temporal resolutions higher than a day in basins with concentration times smaller than 24 h. However, data at such resolutions are commonly limited or not available, especially in developing or low-income countries. This thesis covers issues related to the scarcity and lack of high temporal-resolution hydro-meteorological data and explores methods where the value of existing data is maximised to improve flood prediction.By varying the starting time of daily records (the day definition), it was shown that this definition had large implications on model calibration and runoff simulation and therefore, should be considered in regionalisation and flood-forecasting applications. A method was developed to treat empirically model-parameter dependencies on the temporal resolution of data. Model parameters seemed to become independent of the temporal resolution of data when the modelling time-step was sufficiently small. Thus, if sub-daily forcing data can be secured, flood forecasting in basins with sub-daily concentration times may be possible using model-parameter values calibrated from time series of daily data. A new calibration method using only a few event hydrographs could improve flood prediction compared to a scenario with no discharge data. Two event hydrographs may be sufficient for calibration, but accuracy and reduction in uncertainty may improve if data on more events can be acquired. Using flood events above a threshold with a high frequency of occurrence for calibration may be as useful for flood prediction as using only extreme events with a low frequency of occurrence. The accuracy of the rainfall forecasts strongly influenced the predictive performance of a flood model calibrated with limited discharge data. Between volume and duration errors of the rainfall forecast, the former had the larger impact on model performance.The methods previously described proved to be useful for predicting floods and are expected to support flood-risk assessment and decision making during the occurrence of floods in data-scarce regions. Further studies using more models and basins are required to test the generality of these results.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_blumenthalbarbara_2010,
  title = {När Vänern svämmade över: Händelseutveckling och konsekvenser av översvämningen 2000/2001},
  author = {Blumenthal, Barbara},
  year = {2010},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {Karlstads universitet},
  keywords = {natural disaster; flooding; vulnerability; economic losses; naturolycka; översvämning; sårbarhet; samhällskonsekvenser; skadekostnader; riskhantering},
  abstract = {Mellan november 2000 och juni 2001 låg Vänerns vattennivå över sjöns dämningsgräns i nästan 6 månader. Situationen orsakades av en utdragen period med ovanligt stora nederbördsmängder över Vänerns tillrinningsområde mellan oktober och mitten av december 2000. Sjöns nivå ökade under denna period i genomsnitt med 2 cm per dygn. Översvämningsproblemen började uppstå längs den ca 2000 km långa kusten (utan öar) från mitten av november. När sjöns nivå kulminerade den 11 januari 2001 hade olika aktörer lyckats vidta omfattande åtgärder i de översvämningshotade områdena som skyddade samhällsviktiga funktioner såsom VA, transporter och elförsörjning, men även bostäder och industrianläggningar.I en genomgång av skador och konsekvenser i samband med översvämningen visade det sig inte oväntat att det främst är tangibla1 direkta och indirekta skador som är beskrivna i olika dokument och sammanställningar som har tagits fram inom olika sektorer. Uppföljningar av långsiktiga konsekvenser av översvämningen och beskrivningar av hur interaktionen mellan olika sektorer påverkades av Vänerns höga nivåer saknas däremot med några få undantag. Rapporten kan inte ge någon heltäckande bild av de ekonomiska konsekvenser som Väneröversvämningen 2000/2001 har lett till. För en del sektorer som lantbruk, yrkesfisket och de kommunala verksamheterna i de drabbade Vänerkommunerna kunde ekonomiska värderingar hittas medan de saknas för skogsbruket, delar av transportsektorn och industrierna. I rapporten görs en uppskattning av hushållens skador i Värmland med hjälp skadebeloppen som utbetalades av Länsförsäkringar Värmland i samband med Väneröversvämningen.Kommunerna utmed Vänerkusten fick omfattande skador på avlopps- och dagvattennäten och reningsverken. Kommunala, strandnära fritidsområden såsom fritidshamnar, campingplatser, badplatser och sjönära gång- och cykelvägar skadades i nästan alla berörda kommuner. Efter översvämningen gav regeringen kommunerna möjlighet att ansöka om bidrag för direkta fysiska skador och kostnader för förebyggande åtgärder, t ex temporära invallningar. Studien genomfördes med syfte att kunna bevara, återföra och nyttja erfarenheter från översvämningen 2000-2001 inför och under kommande översvämningssituationer med likartade eller högre nivåer. Studien är en del i Centrum för klimat och säkerhets deltagande inom EU–projektet SAWA (Strategic Alliance for integrated Water management Actions) vars målsättning bl a är att utveckla planer för hantering av översvämningsrisker. Studien är det första steget av en sårbarhetsstudie i Vänern som kommer att utföras vid Centrum för klimat och säkerhet under åren 2010/2011.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bckstrmmattias_2010,
  title = {Flooding of oxidized waste rock amended with alkaline by-products},
  author = {Bäckström, Mattias and Domeij, Joel and Sartz, Lotta},
  year = {2010},
  journal = {34<sup>th</sup> British Columbia Mine Reclamation &amp; 35<sup>th</sup> CLRA/ACRSD National Conference},
  pages = {10},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {oxidized waste rock; flooding; fly ash; green liquor dregs; lime mud; slag; lime kiln dust; trace metals; environmental chemistry},
  abstract = {Leaching of trace elements (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) from oxidized waste rock amended with different alkaline by-products was studied during flooding. It has been argued that water covers for oxidized waste would significantly increase leaching through reductive dissolution of the pre-formed hydrous ferric oxides and the associated trace elements. After approximately three weeks pH in the reference had reached 2.5 and 3.3 in the pore and overlying water, respectively. This can be compared with pH from 6.1 (water works granules) to above 10 (lime kiln dust) in the amended systems. It is clear that the carbonate dominated alkaline by-products have lower pH than the oxide/hydroxide based by-products. However, the systems amended with carbonate based by-products have significantly higher alkalinity. Cadmium, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations within the waste decreased with at least 99% compared to the reference. In most systems the surface waters can even be used as drinking water. Cadmium, copper and zinc concentrations are clearly related to pH with decreasing concentrations with increasing pH. Lead concentrations, on the other hand, decrease to pH 8, where the concentrations start to increase slightly again due to the formation of soluble Pb(OH)₃⁻ and Pb(OH)₄²⁻ species. The results indicate that flooding of oxidized waste rock amended with alkaline by-products can be used as a successful remediation technique.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bergmanramona_2011,
  title = {Efficiency of preventive actions for landslides and flooding: evaluation of Scandinavian practices},
  author = {Bergman, Ramona and Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne and Nyberg, Lars and Johansson, Magnus and Persson, Erik},
  year = {2011},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Digital Library for Physics and Astronomy},
  keywords = {landslide; flooding; interview; local authority; planning; risk; map; 62 road: soil mechanics},
  abstract = {The results presented here covers natural hazards with focus on land slides and flooding. The results are based on Swedish/Scandinavian contexts. Natural events such as erosion, flooding and land slides are common, but the number of accidents (events causing severe negative impact) is rare. Therefore, in such analysis there is limited data and other information available which can be used for example in statistical analysis of actions and their effects. Instead, the analysis must be based on other information. The analysis may have to include aspects that only can be assessed by scenario and "what-if" analyses.In this project the main method has been interviews with officials in Swedish municipalities and national agencies in Sweden and Norway. In all municipalities, one politician and officials working with planning and rescue service have been interviewed. The study covers hazard and risk mapping, follow up of such maps, physical planning and lessons learned from previous events and activities.The final outcome of the research will be a review of what is found to be well functioning, identification of weak points and recommendations for the management of landslides, erosion and flooding. The present results indicate that hazard/risk maps are of great importance, but the knowledge about the maps and how to use them varies depending on who you ask and between municipalities. Most officials in municipalities are aware of climate change (CC) but, due to high uncertainties and since climate induced events such as natural hazards are rare, the issues are often not prioritized. Further, the results indicate that the documentation, communication and the responsibilities among different units is not always clear, having impacts on for example the knowledge transfer to new personnel.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_anderssonskldyvonne_2007,
  title = {Föroreningsspridning vid översvämningar: Etapp II},
  author = {Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne and Nyberg, Henrik and Göransson, Gunnel and Lindström, Åsa and Nordbäck, Johan and Gustafsson, Martin},
  year = {2007},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {Statens geotekniska institut},
  keywords = {flooding; contamination; pollution; soil; sediment; ground water; disposal; industrial waste; mining; mapping; gis; case history; precipitation; climate change},
  abstract = {Klimat- och sårbarhetsutredningen har i uppdrag att kartlägga samhällets sårbarhet vid en klimatförändring och extrema väderhändelser samt bedöma behovet av anpassning till ett förändrat klimat för olika sektorer i samhället. Risken1 för översvämningar idag och en ökad risk vid kommande klimatförändringar är en viktig del av den sårbarhetsanalys som skall föras för olika sektorer. Vid mätningar i Mölndalsån, Säveån och Göta älv visar preliminära resultat på att halterna av miljögifter var högre 2006 än 2005. Den förklaring man anger som mest trolig är att det var mer nederbörd och högre flöden i vattendragen under 2006 än året innan. Den ökade nederbördsmängden leder bland annat till att oljerester spolas av vägbanor och att olika föroreningar i högre utsträckning lakas ut från förorenad mark. Även nedfallet av miljögifter som sprids via luft kan tänkas öka. Känsliga verksamheter är förorenad mark samt pågående verksamheter där olyckor kan inträffa. Beräkningar har gjorts för hypotetiska förhållanden, baserade på verkliga fall, för två vattendrag, Göta älv och Säveån, samt sjön Tisaren. Vid beräkningarna har olika situationer (scenarios) som skall beskriva en översvämningssituation beaktats: ett tillfälle med förhöjd grundvattennivå ett med förhöjd grundvattennivå och ökat grundvattenflöde ett översvämningstillfälle på en icke hårdgjord markyta där markförorening kan komma upp över ytan. Utöver dessa beräkningar med olika grundvattennivåer och flöden har även gjorts en beräkning av skred av förorenade massor till närliggande sjö och vattendrag. }
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bhattacharjeeshimantika_2017,
  title = {Floating houses: A design for flood resilience innovations in Bangladesh},
  author = {Bhattacharjee, Shimantika and Mukherjee, Nandan},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Proceedings of 33rd PLEA International Conference: Design to Thrive},
  pages = {5149--5156},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Network for Comfort and Energy Use in Buildings (NCEUB)},
  keywords = {environmental; flood; resilience; up-scaling; water; byggproduktion och teknik; construction management and building technology},
  abstract = {People living in the coastal regions of Bangladesh suffer extremely due to floods. Every year 20% of the land mass (∼27,000 km2) and 30 million inhabitants are exposed to flooding that triggers casualties, infrastructural damage, and deprived access to basic needs. Many policies and strategies already exist for managing flood-related disasters. Flood-shelters save lives but rarely equipped with sufficient food, clean water, sanitation, and electricity. New strategies are required to provide resilience in flood prone areas. This conceptual paper presents an innovative and integrated approach for up-scaling and enhancement of resilience in the flood prone regions of Bangladesh. The paper shows a conceptual design for a floating house with six innovation techniques for self-sufficiency and durability. The techniques include wind and flood tolerant structure, vertical gardening, rainwater harvesting, poultry and bio-digester unit, cage fishing, and renewable energy implementation. The techniques are low-tech and cost-efficient. Use of locally available materials enhances the resilience before and after flood. The design presents equality, balance and immense opportunities for the inhabitants. The 3R strategy (reduce, reuse and recycle) is one of the fundamental concepts of this floating house design. The design explores the possibilities of food security, waste management and energy challenge.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_khlingunnar_2015,
  title = {In Search of Double Dividends from Climate Change Interventions Evidence from Forest Conservation and Houshould Energy Transitions},
  author = {Köhlin, Gunnar and Pattanayak, Subhrendu K and Sills, Erin and Mattsson, Eskil and Ostwald, Madelene and Salas, Ariana and Ternald, Daniel},
  year = {2015},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Expertgruppen for biståndsanalys (EBA)},
  keywords = {klimatbistånd; utvärdering; hushållsenergi},
  abstract = {Climate change is the greatest challenge facing humanity, and we are only starting to address it. Climate change scenarios indicate that poor people in developing countries will be particularly negatively affected, e.g. by increased temperature reducing their harvests or flooding due to sea-level rise and extreme weather events. There are also expectations that greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions can be costefficiently reduced in developing countries through for example reduced deforestation or improved stoves. It is therefore not surprising that climate interventions have become an increasingly important part of Overseas Development Assistance (ODA), reaching 15 % of the total bilateral ODA, or about 20 billion US dollars, by 2013. According to Sustainable Development Goal 13a, this is expected to grow to at least USD 100 billion by 2020. The same trend is seen with Swedish development assistance.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_nilssonmimmi_2016,
  title = {New constraints on paleoreconstructions through geochronology of mafic dyke swarms in North Atlantic Craton},
  author = {Nilsson, Mimmi},
  year = {2016},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Lund University, Faculty of Science, Department of Geology, Lithosphere and Biosphere Science},
  abstract = {Ett antal superkontinenter har existerat under jordens 4.6 Ga ( miljarder år gamla ) historia. Utav dessa är superkontinenten Pangea, som betyder ”allt land”, den senaste och mest väldefinierade. Bildning och uppsprickning av superkontinenter drivs av plattektoniska processer som i sin tur beror på strömningar ( konvektion ) i jordens mantel. Förutom dessa processer så anses numera mantelplymer ha haft betydelse för uppsprickning av superkontinenter. Dessa kan ses som uppvälvning av varmt material från jordens inre som rör sig uppåt tills de kommer i kontakt med jordens yttre hårda skal – litosfären. Då detta sker kommer sprickor bildas i litosfären längs vilka magmor kan röra sig mot ytan och där orsaka omfattande vulkanism. Det är idag allmänt accepterat att ett antal mantelplymer var involverade i Pangeas uppsprickning. Magma från jordens inre kan tränga upp genom berggrunden och kristallisera som diabasgångar med olika geometrier, såsom parallella eller radierande svärmar. Större magmatiska händelser som leder till uppsprickning av kontinenter är ofta relaterade till s.k. mantelplymer och ger upphov till radierande gånggeometrier. Det finns ett antal superkontinenter före Pangea som idag är mer eller mindre vedertagna: 0.6–1.1 Ga Rodinia och 1.3–1.8 Ga Columbia. Mycket tyder på att det också funnits en äldre superkontinent. Fragment från denna äldsta kontinentala landmassa återfinns idag som ca. 35 lithosfärfragment utspridda över jordens yta. Ett av dessa fragment utgörs av södra Grönlands berggrund tillsammans med en del av nordöstra Kanada ( Nain province ) samt Lewisian Complex i nuvarande Skottland. Förekomsten av diabas gångar utgör spår av yngre episoder av magmatiska händelser. Diabas innehåller ofta små mängder av mineralet baddeleyit, som går att åldersbestämma med U–Pb metoden, genom att uran sönderfaller till bly med känd hastighet. Genom att mäta halterna av olika uran- och blyisotoper kan man beräkna åldern för dessa episoder av magmatism. Varje kontinentalt fragment har således en egen ”magmatisk historia”, som går att visualisera i ett så kallat streckkodsdiagram. Streckkodsdiagrammet tillåter oss att jämföra tidpunkterna för dessa magmatiska händelser och utifrån dessa jämförelser kunna utvärdera vilka kontinentala fragment som en gång satt ihop i en större landmassa. I mitt doktorandarbete har jag åldersbestämt diabasgångar från sydvästra och sydöstra Grönland ( arkeiska provinsen North Atlantic Craton ). Ett stort antal generationer av diabasgångar har identifierats tack vare dessa nya åldersbestämningar och deras åldrar är ca. 2.5 Ga, 2.37 Ga, 2.21 Ga, 2.17 Ga, 2.13 Ga och 2.04 Ga. Streckkodsdiagram för Grönland visar att flera likåldriga diabasgenerationer också finns i Dharwar craton i nutida södra Indien samt i Superior Craton i Kanada. I denna avhandling presenterar jag en rekonstruktion över dessa kontinenters möjliga lägen relativt varandra. Min hypotes utifrån dessa resultat är att dessa tre landmassor kan ha suttit i en större landmassa kallad Superia.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_romanowiczrenataj_2006,
  title = {Uncertainty propagation in a sequential model for flood forecasting},
  author = {Romanowicz, Renata J. and Beven, Keith and Young, Peter C.},
  year = {2006},
  journal = {Predictions in ungauged basins},
  pages = {177--184},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: International Association of Hydrological Sciences},
  keywords = {flood forecasting; generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation; severn catchment; uncertainty propagation},
  abstract = {The aim of this paper is the estimation of uncertainty in an online data assimilation model applied to a sequential, multiple-step-ahead flood forecasting system. The main aim of the forecasting system under consideration is the derivation of real-time forecasts of the water levels with the maximum possible lead-time. This is achieved through a two-level, sequential data assimilation procedure. In order to extend the maximum lead-time, we incorporate the forecasts obtained from the earlier stages of the forecasting system, both rainfall-water level and water level routing processes. The updating of the gain of each of the subsystems introduces nonlinearity into the system performance. The Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) technique is used to estimate the uncertainty of model predictions in the decomposed online forecasting system.}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_jovanovimiodrag_2009,
  title = {Kartiranje rizika od poplava (Flood Risk Mapping)},
  author = {Jovanović, Miodrag and Todorović, Andrijana and Rodić, Marko},
  year = {2009},
  journal = {Vodoprivreda},
  volume = {1},
  number = {41},
  pages = {31--45},
  language = {scc},
  keywords = {floods; flood damages; flood risk mapping},
  abstract = {This article considers the methodology for mapping flood zones, flood damages and flood risk. The emphasis is on synthetic flood damage functions, used in determination of the expected annual damage, as the principal parameter for quantification of the flood risk. The methodogy is illustrated by two practical examples.  }
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_adellanna_2025,
  title = {Flooding and erosion of coastal roads - exposure, mitigation and climate change impact},
  author = {Adell, Anna},
  year = {2025},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Water Resources Engineering, Lund University},
  abstract = {The coastal zone is a dynamic region where the sea meets land, making it highly influenced by environmental conditions such as storm surges, extreme weather events, and coastal erosion. Coastal areas are also characterized by high population densities, significant urban development, and important socio-economic functions such as transportation, trade, tourism and recreation. Consequently, they are particularly vulnerable to natural hazards and coastal processes, with risks such as flooding and erosion expected to increase due to climate change-driven global sea level rise. This thesis focuses specifically on coastal roads, which are critical infrastructures typically situated at the frontline of exposure to flooding and erosion. Given their long design life, it is essential to assess how exposure will evolve under rising sea levels. A robust risk assessment requires high-quality data to estimate the probability of impacts and evaluate them against anticipated consequences. For coastal processes, such assessments rely on detailed data concerning wave dynamics and water level variations, which drive morphological changes. In this research, a detailed hindcast time series of decadal wave climate data for the southern Baltic Sea has been generated, validated, and analysed to enhance the understanding of variability in hydrodynamic forcing. The aim of this thesis is to develop a methodology for assessing the exposure of coastal roads to the impacts of flooding, wave impact, and erosion. The proposed framework integrates numerical modelling, field observations, and case studies to evaluate exposure under both current climate conditions and future scenarios, accounting for sea level rise and long-term coastal development. Its application is demonstrated through a case study assessing the exposure of the main road along Sweden's southern coast. Results indicate that present-day exposure to flooding and erosion is limited to a few hotspots during extreme events. In future scenarios, the exposure will increase, and coastal erosion will pose the greatest threat to the road, highlighting the need for future coastal protection strategies. To explore potential adaptation measures, a second case study was conducted along the east coast of Denmark. The study evaluated a hybrid coastal protection solution, combining rock revetments with small-scale beach nourishment, as a solution to mitigate the impact of coastal processes on the road. The morphological evolution of the nourishment was analysed under varying hydrodynamic conditions to better understand and optimize its design. Collectively, the findings of this thesis contribute to improved methodologies for risk assessment, enhanced datasets for wave climate analysis, and insights into the design of effective coastal protection measures to support infrastructure planning and resilience.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_lidmanfredrik_2013,
  title = {Radionuclide transport in the boreal landscape: Uranium, thorium and other metals in forests, wetlands and streams},
  author = {Lidman, Fredrik},
  year = {2013},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Umeå universitet},
  keywords = {uranium thorium metal transport radionuclide wetland forest stream peat mire},
  abstract = {The boreal landscape is complex mosaic of vast forests, lakes and wetlands. Through the landscape flows a fine network of streams and rivers, carrying dissolved and suspended material from atmospheric deposition and weathering of soils and bedrock to downstream recipients. This thesis investigates the transport of U, Th and other metals in the boreal landscape by comparing a set of catchments with contrasting characteristics, ranging from 0.12-68 km2 in area. Using uranium (234U/238U) and oxygen isotopes (δ18O) it was demonstrated that catchment size has a strong impact on the hydrological pathways and on the mobilisation of uranium. Both tracers also displayed a consistent shift towards more superficial sources and more superficial flow pathways when going from winter baseflow conditions to the spring flood. Large spatiotemporal variability was observed with U fluxes ranging from 1.7 -30 g km-2 a-1. Using a wide set of hydrochemical parameters and landscape characteristics it was demonstrated that wetlands play a decisive role for the biogeochemical cycling of many metals. Comparing normalised fluxes of 13 different elements (Al, Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, La, Mg, Na, Ni, Si, Sr, U and Y) 73% of the spatial variance could be explained based on the wetland coverage and the affinity for organic matter, the latter of which was quantified using thermodynamic modelling. Hence, it was possible to link the large-scale transport patterns of a wide range of metals to fundamental biogeochemical properties. When restraining the analysis to the smaller streams (<10 km2), the explanatory power increased to 88%. For elements such as Na and Si with low affinity for organic matter the decrease in wetland-dominated catchments corresponded closely to the area of mineral soils that had been replaced by peat, indicating that reduced weathering was the main cause of the decrease. For organophilic metals the decrease in wetland-dominated catchments was even greater, suggesting that there also was an accumulation of these metals in the peat. This was confirmed by investigating the distribution of radionuclides in local mire, which revealed considerable accumulation of uranium and thorium along the edges of the mire. Based on the inventories of uranium and thorium and their distribution in the peat it was concluded that the mire historically had been a sink for these metals and that it most likely will continue to be so for a long time to come. All and all, wetlands were estimated to decrease the fluxes of metals from the boreal forests to downstream lakes and oceans by 20-40%, depending on how strongly they bind to organic matter.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ralsitoesandra_2017,
  title = {Environmental history in southern Mozambique: Reconstruction of flooding events, hydroclimate and sea-level dynamics since mid-Holocene},
  author = {Raúl Sitoe, Sandra},
  year = {2017},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University},
  keywords = {southern africa; limpopo river floodplain; flooding event; sea-level change; climate change; diatoms; phytoliths; mineral magnetics; grain-size; radiocarbon dating; kvartärgeologi; quaternary geology},
  abstract = {The aim of this thesis has been to reconstruct paleoenvironment, paleohydrology and paleoclimate in coastal southern Mozambique, with emphasis on tracing past flooding events on the lower Limpopo River floodplain. In order to extend flood chronologies beyond periods covered by instrumental data, sediments from lakes on the floodplain were studied (Lake Lungué, Coassane Oxbow, Lake Magandane and Lake Soane). Past sea-level variations and climate changes were deduced by analyzing sediments from coastal sites north of the floodplain area (Lake Chilau, Lake Nhauhache and Macassa Bay). To achieve the established objectives, a multi-proxy approach was applied on most of the retrieved sediment cores, involving analysis of mineral magnetic parameters, grain-size and organic carbon in combination with analysis of microfossils such as diatoms and/or phytoliths. Chronologies for the constructed time-series analysis were obtained by radiocarbon dating and age-depth modelling. The synthesized data from the sampled sites on the Limpopo River floodplain suggest that the area was affected by at least 16 flooding events of variable magnitudes during the studied period. These are dated to c. AD 940, 980, 1040, 1100, 1250, 1300, 1370, 1580, 1665, 1730, 1755, 1855, 1920, 1945, 1970 and 2000. In calibrated years BP these ages correspond to 1010, 970, 910, 850, 700, 650, 580, 370, 285, 220, 195, 95, 30, and 5 cal yrs BP. The two youngest are dated to 20 and 50 years AP (After Present being 1950). Proxy data further suggest that southern Africa was subject to two periods of sea-level highstands, at c. 5000–4200 BC (6950–6150 cal yrs BP) and AD 300–950 (1650–1000 cal yrs BP). The former represents the middle part of the postglacial climatic optimum. The wettest period in the Limpopo River floodplain was reported between AD 1360 and 1560 (590 and 390 cal yrs BP) in the Lake Lungué record, while Lake Chilau experienced wet conditions between AD 1200 and 1400 (750 and 550 cal yrs BP), then returning to drier conditions that prevailed until c. AD 1600. In Lake Nhauhache, however, drier conditions prevailed from c. AD 1200–1700 (750–250 cal yrs BP), shifting towards wetter at c. AD 1900 (50 cal yrs BP). The deviating signals between records can partly be explained by Lake Lungué basin being located on the Limpopo River floodplain, responding to flooding events associated with precipitation upstream the drainage area. Therefore, wet and dry periods in floodplain lakes (e.g. Lake Lungué) are not expected to correlate with precipitation changes on a local scale, as indicated by e.g. Lake Nhauhache. This is supported by a relatively weak agreement between Lake Lungué record and other nearby records (outside the floodplain), but a better correlation with records from the upper catchment, where a more regional climate signal is provided of the southern African summer rainfall region.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_okolikenechukwu_2019,
  title = {Design flood estimation under uncertainty},
  author = {Okoli, Kenechukwu},
  year = {2019},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis},
  keywords = {dimensionerande flöden; osäkerheter; avrinningsmodellering; frekvens analys.; design flood; uncertainty; rainfall-runoff; frequency analysis.; hydrology; hydrologi},
  abstract = {Att bestämma dimensionerande flöden, d.v.s. sannolikheten för att vat-tenföringen i ett vattendrag överskrider ett givet värde, är ett allmänt hydrologiskt problem som exempelvis används för att utvärdera över-svämningsrisker i vattendrag samt för att dimensionera hydrauliska kon-struktioner. Vanliga tillvägagångsätt för att bestämma dimensionerande flöden är baserade på: (i) hydrologiska metoder (t.ex. avrinningsmodel-lering), eller (ii) statistiska metoder (t.ex. anpassning av en sannolikhets-fördelning till en tidsserie med årliga vattenföringstoppar). I denna av-handling så jämförs dessa två tillvägagångssätt då olika osäkerhetskällor för dimensionerande flöden tillgodoses; valet av tillvägagångsätt, osä-kerhet i modellens uppbyggnad, osäkerheter i vattenföringsmätningar, samt mätfrekvens av dimensionerande flöden, begrundades i denna avhandling. Sannolikhetsfördelningen av vattenföringen i ett hypotetisk vattendrag antogs vara känt sedan tidigare; en uppsättning av virtuella experiment (’numeriska experiment där modellen antas vara sann och beskriva den modellerade processen korrekt’) utvecklades och tillämpa-des för båda tillvägagångssätten som utvärderades utifrån hur väl de uppskattade den sedan tidigare kända sannolikhetsfördelningen av vat-tenföringen. Resultaten visar att användningen av enklare avrinnings-modeller för att bestämma dimensionerande flöden har en lägre osäker-het än då statistiska metoder används, även för längre återkomstperi-oder. Båda tillvägagångsätten bör dock användas som komplement till varandra för att bestämma dimensionerande flöden, givet osäkerheten i båda.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_nhangumbemanuel_2025,
  title = {Satellite and UAV Imagery for Flood Mapping and Damage Assessment in Mozambique using Machine Learning},
  author = {Nhangumbe, Manuel},
  year = {2025},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {KTH Royal Institute of Technology},
  keywords = {geo-foundation models; machine learning; sentinel 1 and 2; flood mapping; classification; damage assessment; geoinformatik; geoinformatics},
  abstract = {Floods are becoming increasingly frequent and impactful worldwide, with their severity intensifying due to climate change. This growing threat has made all countries more vulnerable to natural disasters. Over the past few decades, Mozambique has been particularly affected by several tropical cyclones (TCs). In 2019, following the devastation caused by TCs Idai and Kenneth, Mozambique became the first country in southern Africa to be struck by two cyclones in the same rainy season. In 2023, it was hit twice by the same cyclone, TC Freddy, which was also recorded as the longest-lasting cyclone on record.Given the extent of the damage caused by such events, there is an urgent need for efficient and cost-effective methods to map both flooded and flood-prone areas. These methods are essential for aiding local authorities in disaster preparedness, planning, and impact mitigation. Moreover, they play a vital role in providing information that supports evidence-based decisionmaking for sustainable development. Several remote sensing (RS) approaches have been proposed for post-flood assessment, including those based on machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL). While effective, these approaches often require large amounts of annotated data and are typically task-specific,limiting their scalability and adaptability especially in data-scarce regions.In this study, we investigate the use of multi-temporal Sentinel-1 (S1) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Sentinel-2 (S2) Multi-Spectral Instrument(MSI) data, along with other data sources, to develop scalable, cost-effective,and computationally efficient methods for near real-time flood mapping and flood damage assessment (DA) in Mozambique. Additionally, we explore the use of Geo-Foundation Models (GFMs) on small datasets for flood mapping and DA, including ML-based alternatives to DL approaches.As such, three approaches for flood mapping are proposed. The first is a fully automated method for near real-time flood mapping, utilizing multitemporal S1 data acquired over Beira municipality and the Macomia district. It identifies flooded areas by computing the difference between images acquired before and after the flooding event, followed by Otsu’s thresholding method for automatic flood area extraction. The second approach employs both supervised and unsupervised ML methods, such as Support Vector Machines (SVM) and K-Means clustering, leveraging a dataset provided by DrivenData, which was launched as part of a competition for flood mapping using SAR data. This dataset, based on S1, includes VH and VV imagery and labeled data from 13 countries worldwide. By harnessing the processing capability of the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, both approaches are presented as an alternative to traditional DL methods due to cost-effectiveness and low computational power requirements. The third approach involves finetuning a GFM, named Clay, on the DrivenData dataset for the task of flood mapping. Foundation Models (FMs) refer to models that are pre-trained on broad datasets typically using large-scale self-supervision and can be adapted(e.g., fine-tuned) for a wide range of downstream tasks. Clay was initially pre-trained for segmentation, classification, and biomass information extraction using a variety of sensors such as S1, S2, and Landsat. These models are reshaping how traditional ML and DL approaches are trained, significantly reducing the amount of time and data required for training while maintaining high standards of result quality.Furthermore, we explored the use of S2 MSI data to generate a land cover(LC) map of the study area and estimate the percentage of flooded areas within each LC class. The results demonstrate that the combination of S1 and S2 data is a reliable approach for near real-time flood mapping and damage assessment. Using the first approach, we automatically mapped flooded areas with an overall accuracy of about 87–88% and kappa of 0.73–0.75. The second approach also produced satisfactory results, revealing that VH polarization and the combination of VV+VH performed better than using VV polarization alone. Specifically, in Cambodia and Bolivia, VH polarization yielded Intersection over Union (IoU) values ranging from 0.819 to 0.856.Predictions for Beira using VH imagery resulted in an IoU of 0.568, which represents a reasonable outcome. The third approach achieved an IoU exceeding 0.92 and an F1-score above 0.96, outperforming the winning DL solution from the DrivenData competition, which attained an IoU of 0.8072 when the dataset was initially released.The LC classification was validated by randomly collecting over 600 points for each LC class, achieving an overall accuracy of 90–95% with a kappa value of 0.80–0.94. These results enabled us to identify areas prone to flooding and regions where floodwaters recede more quickly, providing valuable insights for improved planning. Additionally, we determined the percentage of flooded LC categories such as Agriculture, Mangrove, and Built-up areas, as their destruction has significant implications for food security and socio-economic development.Furthermore, to obtain more detailed insights into the damage in Beira,we deployed Clay for the task of Building Damage Classification (BDC), finetuning it on the EDDA dataset. The EDDA dataset, released in 2023, consists of geo-referenced drone imagery captured in Beira after TC Idai. The finetuned model achieved a validation IoU of 0.829, which was then compared to the results from a U-Net implementation that yielded a validation IoU of 0.567.Therefore, the contribution of this thesis lies in providing practical, dataefficient solutions that enhance local disaster management capabilities and community resilience. We have demonstrated that while ML methods are efficient and cost-effective for near real-time flood mapping, particularly when combined with Sentinel data, GFMs offer improved accuracy (even with a small dataset), albeit with slightly higher computational requirements.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_rezvaniamir_2025,
  title = {Strategic Wetland Placement: A Multifunctional Approach In Swedish Landscapes},
  author = {Rezvani, Amir and Kalantari, Zahra and Ferreira, Carla Sofia Santos},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Proceedings of the IAHR World Congress},
  pages = {3411--3413},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research},
  keywords = {digital twin; flood risk management; gis; hydrological modeling; nature-based solutions; participatory decision-making; sediment connectivity; urban resilience; wetland placement}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_lundbergangela_2000,
  title = {Enhanced melt rates with wood ash: a tool to prevent flooding},
  author = {Lundberg, Angela and Beyrel, B.},
  year = {2000},
  journal = {Nordic Hydrological Conference 2000},
  pages = {562--569},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Uppsala : Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet},
  keywords = {applied geology; tillämpad geologi}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_serikovasvetlana_2019,
  title = {Carbon Emissions from Western Siberian Inland Waters},
  author = {Serikova, Svetlana},
  year = {2019},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Umeå University},
  keywords = {carbon; carbon dioxide; methane; carbon emissions; river; lake; inland waters; permafrost; siberia; limnology; limnologi},
  abstract = {Inland waters (i.e. rivers, streams, lakes, ponds) emit carbon (C) into the atmosphere. The magnitude of global inland water C emission has been estimated to equal the global ocean C sink, thus making inland waters an important component of the global C cycle. Yet, the data used in estimating the magnitude of global inland water C emission lacks measurements of inland water C emissions from permafrost-affected regions in general and from Russia in particular, despite permafrost covering ~25% of the Northern Hemisphere and ~65% of Russia. This lack of data questions the accuracy of the current estimate of global inland water C emission and its predictive power in assessing changes in the global C cycle following permafrost thaw.In this thesis, we conducted detailed measurements of river and lake C emissions across ~1000 km permafrost gradient of Western Siberia (from permafrost-free to continuous permafrost zone) and assessed the magnitude of the total C emission from Western Siberian inland waters. We found that river and lake C emissions varied across the permafrost gradient with river C emissions being greatest in areas where permafrost is actively degrading, and lake C emissions being greatest in areas where permafrost is still intact. We also found that river and lake C emissions are likely driven by different factors with river C emissions being mainly controlled by temperature and hydrological conditions, whereas lake C emissions by sediment respiration and availability of recently thawed organic C. Further, we estimated the total C emission from Western Siberian inland waters to be greater than previously thought and exceeding the C export from this region to the Arctic Ocean. Such finding implies that a major part of the terrestrially-derived C is lost in Western Siberian inland waters, making this region a hotspot for inland water C emission following permafrost thaw. We also showed that apart from C emissions measurements across different inland water types and across the landscape, estimates of inland water surface areas are needed for accurate assessments of the total inland water C emission of any given region. Particularly, water surface areas of streams and ponds as well as inundated floodplains, especially in years of extreme flood events, are important for quantifying the total inland water C emission. Overall, this thesis presents new data related to C emissions from rivers and lakes in an area that undergoes rapid permafrost thaw, and urges to account for all inland water types and their respective water surface areas when attempting to achieve unbiased estimates of the inland water contribution to the atmospheric C budget.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_almullayoussef_2023,
  title = {Energy-Water and Agriculture Nexus to Support the Sustainable Management of Shared Water Resources},
  author = {Almulla, Youssef},
  year = {2023},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {KTH Royal Institute of Technology},
  keywords = {shared water management; wef nexus; agriculture; water and energy systems; hydropower; climate change; groundwater.; delad vattenförvaltning; wef-nexus; jordbruk; vatten och energisystem; vattenkraft; klimatförändring; grundvatten.; إدارة المياه المشتركة ؛ الترابط بين الموارد المائية و الطاقة والغذاء؛ أنظمة الطاقة؛ الطاقة الكهرومائية؛ تغير المناخ؛ المياه الجوفية.; energy technology},
  abstract = {Throughout history, major rivers and shared water bodies have allowed civilizations to flourish, and the effective management of shared water bodies has always been a priority for societies and nations. Today, about 40% of the world’s population lives in proximity to the 286 transboundary river and lake basins that supply 60% of the world’s freshwater flows and make up about half of the Earth’s land area. Moreover, around 2 billion people in the world depend on groundwater sources, which include over 460 transboundary aquifer systems.The mismanagement of water resources can result in catastrophic disasters that are often exacerbated by a domino effect so that the impacts of poor water management often extend beyond the water system. The interdependency of the water system with other systems such as energy and food, or with land-use, highlights the importance of ”systems thinking and planning” in resource management. Such a concept is not easily encapsulated into policy-making processes in many parts of the world because consideration of the resource systems in isolation as individual entities and ‘silo” thinking still dominate. Climate change adds another layer of complexity and exacerbates the issue of water management. Another important factor is geographical location because precipitation varies among and within continents. This results in some regions suffering from water shortages and some regions facing the risks of water redundancy and floods. The concept of the Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus was introduced in 2011 as a response to help address some of the issues mentioned above. Over the last decade, research on the WEF nexus has gained momentum in both the policy and academic areas and several methods have been introduced to operationalize the nexus in different contexts. One of the flagship methodologies is the Transboundary Basins Nexus Approach (TBNA) introduced by the United Nations Economic Commission of Europe (UNECE) in 2015 and designed to assess the nexus in shared (transboundary) water basins.The aim of this thesis is to support shared water management by using the WEF-nexus approach to quantify the benefits of coordinated management, motivate cooperation, and identify trade-offs in the optimal use of resources. To achieve this aim, four research questions are explored over the course of four academic publications.  The first question explores the role of the energy sector in motivating shared water cooperation. The second question studies the risks and opportunities emerging from the interplay between climate and renewable energy in shared basins. The third question focuses on groundwater management and explores what benefits the consideration of the energy-water-agriculture nexus could bring to shared groundwater management in water-scarce areas. The fourth question examines how consideration of the energy-water-agriculture nexus could accelerate the low-carbon transition in the agricultural sector. These research questions are examined in two different, yet complementing, geographic locations. One is the Balkans in Southeastern Europe, which faces water redundancy and flood issues and the other is the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region which suffers from water scarcity. In the first region, the Drina and the Drin River Basins represent the characteristics of Southeastern Europe while the North Western Sahara Aquifer System (NWSAS) and the Souss-Massa basin represent the characteristics of the MENA region. Three of the case applications are transboundary (Drina, Drin and NWSAS) while the last application (Souss-Massa Basin) is a subnational basin.  }
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_anderssonlotta_2015,
  title = {Underlag till kontrollstation 2015 för anpassning till ett förändrat klimat},
  author = {Andersson, Lotta and Bohman, Anna and Van Well, Lisa and Jonsson, Anna and Persson, Gunn and Farelius, Johanna},
  year = {2015},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {SMHI},
  abstract = {När klimatet förändras påverkas människor och deras egendom, företag, kommunal och statlig verksamhet, vilket gör att såväl myndigheter, kommuner, företag som enskilda fastighetsägare måste agera.Översvämningar, värmeböljor, ras och skred är bara några exempel på vad vi behöver rusta oss för. Vi ska möta klimatförändringar som sker här i Sverige, men vi måste också anpassa oss till vad klimatförändringar i andra länder innebär för Sverige.Kostnaderna för klimatanpassning kan bli höga, men bedöms av bland andra EUkommissionen ändå löna sig i förhållande till de skadekostnader som uppstår om inga åtgärder vidtas.Klimatanpassningsarbetet i Sverige har gått framåt under de senaste åren. Några exempel på myndighetsuppdrag är Nationell höjddatabas, Ras- och skredkarteringen av Göta älvdalen, Dricksvattenutredningen, länsstyrelsernas regionala handlingsplaner för klimatanpassning, samt inrättandet av Nationellt kunskapscentrum för klimatanpassning.Sveriges meteorologiska och hydrologiska instituts arbete med regeringsuppdraget att utarbeta underlag till kontrollstation 2015 för anpassning till ett förändrat klimat, visar på stort behov av fortsatta insatser. Denna rapport ger förslag till en färdplan för klimatanpassningen i Sverige. Slutsatserna handlar framförallt om att arbetet måste bedrivas långsiktigt, att roller och mandat förtydligas samt att en bättre samordning mellan olika aktörer uppnås.De viktigaste slutsatserna för fortsatt arbete är:Regelverk behöver anpassas, roller och ansvar samt strategier och mål måstetydliggörasPrioriterade forsknings- och utvecklingsinsatser, som fyller identifierade kunskapsbehov inklusive långtidsövervakning, behöver finansierasKunskap, beslutstöd och prognos- och varningssystem behöver göras mer tillgängligaHur kostnader ska fördelas mellan olika aktörer och hur resurser till prioriterade åtgärder ska säkerställas, behöver klarläggasUppdraget har inneburit att sammanställa kunskap om nuvarande och framtida risker och konsekvenser för samhället av ett förändrat klimat, till exempel effekter på samhällsviktiga funktioner och människors hälsa. Arbetet har också omfattat en kartläggning över vad som genomförts sedan Klimat- och sårbarhetsutredningen presenterades år 2007. Utifrån det underlaget har målet varit att beskriva behoven och lämna förslag på åtgärder för  anpassning av olika delar av samhället. Hänsyn har tagits till EU:s strategi för klimatanpassning. Arbetet har bedrivits i bred samverkan med myndigheter, kommuner, forskare, branschorganisationer och andra näringslivsrepresentanter.Redovisningen av uppdraget omfattar en huvudrapport samt 18 bilagor. Huvudrapportens tredje kapitel är en syntes av rapportens alla förslag, och kan ses som färdplanen för att säkerställa att Sverige klimatanpassas.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_sandinleonard_2023,
  title = {Working with Nature-Based Solutions: Synthesis and mapping of status in the Nordics},
  author = {Sandin, Leonard and Seifert-Dähnn, Isabel and Skumlien Furuset, Ingvild and Baatrrup-Pedersen, Annette and Zak, Dominik and Alkan Olsson, Johanna and Hanson, Helena and Sadat Nickayin, Samaneh and Wilke, Maria and Koivula, Matti and Rastas, Marika and Enge, Caroline and Øie Kvile, Kristina and Lorentzi Wall, Lisa and Hoffmann, Carl Christian and Þrastardóttir, Rúna},
  year = {2023},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Nordic Council of Ministers},
  abstract = {The world is currently facing a biodiversity and climate crisis which are globally interlinked. Nature-based solutions (NBS), defined as “actions to protect, sustainably manage, and restore natural and modified ecosystems that address societal challenges effectively and adaptively, simultaneously benefiting people and nature” is part of the solution to these challenges. Here we give a status overview of nature-based solutions in the Nordic countries, obtained within the S-ITUATION project[1] focusing on 1) what is the current status of research on NBS in the Nordic countries? 2) what policy framework(s) exist for NBS in the Nordic countries? 3) what challenges do Nordic countries experience in the process of mainstreaming NBS? 4) what key examples of projects implementing NBS exist in the Nordic countries? We have done this using several approaches: 1) a review of the academic literature, providing insights on the status of research on NBS in the Nordic countries; 2) a grey literature review in each Nordic country, to describe the policy framework for NBS and practical implementation of NBS projects across the Nordic countries; 3) compilation of a Nordic NBS case projects catalogue, which contains implemented case projects from each Nordic country, using NBS in all major ecosystems: terrestrial (forests and agricultural land), freshwater, coastal and marine, to show the breadth of NBS used in the Nordic countries, 4) Nordic NBS stakeholder consultations. Research on NBS across the Nordics includes several research initiatives. Currently the most central research initiatives are the Nordic Council of Ministers programme on NBS, which is a focused four-year programme. Many Nordic universities and research institutes are also involved in different research projects focusing on or including NBS and there is an exponential interest from researchers in this area. Most of these research projects are targeting NBS in urban areas. In a structured peer-review of scientific publications using the term ‘nature-based solutions’, 64 research papers were found related to the Nordic countries. These studies varied from large-scale ecosystem-based approaches to small-scale NBS. Most of the studies assessed the NBS functions in relation to biophysical qualities, such as water retention capacity, flood risk reduction, health benefits and biodiversity contribution, but there were also studies focusing on potential economic benefits from NBS. Regarding policy frameworks it is evident that these are at different stages of development when it comes to mainstreaming the concept of NBS into policy across the Nordics. Norway and Sweden have adopted the term to a larger degree than Denmark, Finland and Iceland. Still, all five countries conserve, restore and work actively on developing sustainable use of nature, but use other terms (e.g., ‘blue-green infrastructures or solutions’, ‘restoration’, or ‘ecosystem services’) in their policies and guidelines. NBS governance and implementation is an area that is currently advancing rapidly. At the same time, there are still several challenges as well as also opportunities for using NBS to mitigate and adapt to climate change, protect biodiversity and ensure human well-being. Regarding challenges and gaps, we divide these into 1) natural-scientific and technical knowledge gaps, 2) economic shortcomings, 3) regulatory, governance, and policy challenges, and 4) weak stakeholder collaboration. In the project we have identified 54 key examples of projects implementing NBS in the Nordic countries. Most of these cases were related to freshwater, followed by urban/artificial NBS. The number of implemented NBS projects has increased, especially in the last couple of years. Our key messages and recommendations for future mainstreaming of NBS are: 1) clear political prioritization is needed to mainstream NBS into policy and practice, 2) appropriate institutional structures, procedures and policy instruments at all governance levels are essential to facilitate the implementation of NBS, 3) better funding structures for NBS are needed, 4) we need to develop common standards, long-term monitoring and better cost-benefit evaluations of NBS, and 5) the knowledge base in all phases of NBS projects needs to be strengthened.}
}

@mastersthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_nhangumbemanuel_2024,
  title = {Multi-Temporal Sentinel-1 SAR and Sentinel-2 MSI Data for Flood Mapping and Damage Assessment in Mozambique},
  author = {Nhangumbe, Manuel},
  year = {2024},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {KTH Royal Institute of Technology},
  keywords = {sentinel 1 and 2; flood mapping; classification; geoinformatik; geoinformatics},
  abstract = {Floods are one of the most frequent natural disasters worldwide. Althoughthe vulnerability varies from region to region, all countries are susceptible toflooding. Mozambique was hit by several tropical cyclones (TCs) in the lastfew decades, and in 2019, after TCs Idai and Kenneth, the country becamethe first one in southern Africa to be hit by two cyclones in the same rainyseason. In 2023, Mozambique was slammed twice by the same cyclone (TCFreddy) which was also recorded as the longest one. Aiming to provide thelocal authorities with tools to yield better responses before and after any disasterevent, and to mitigate the impact and support in decision making forsustainable development, it is fundamental to continue investigating reliablemethods for disaster management. In this thesis, two approaches for floodmapping (FM) are proposed. The first is a fully automated method for FM innear real-time utilizing multi-temporal Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) data acquired in the Beira municipality and the Macomia district.The second approach relies on supervised and unsupervised machine learning(ML) methods as we investigate a dataset provided by DrivenData Labsbased on Sentinel-1 (S1) imagery (VH, VV imagery and labels from 13 countriesworldwide). By exploiting the processing capability of the Google EarthEngine (GEE) platform, both approaches are presented as an alternative todeep learning (DL) methods due to cost effectiveness and low computationalpower requirement. The first approach is implemented by finding the differencesof images acquired before and after the flooding and then use Otsu’sthresholding method to automatically extract the flooded area from the differenceimage, while the second one is based on ML methods such as SVMand K-Means. To validate and compute the accuracy of the proposed techniques,we compare our results with the Copernicus Emergency ManagementService (Copernicus EMS) data available in the study areas. Furthermore, weinvestigated the use of a Sentinel-2 (S2) multi-spectral instrument (MSI) toproduce a land cover (LC) map of the study area and estimate the percentageof flooded areas in each LC class. The results show that the combinationof S1 and S2 data is reliable for near real-time flood mapping and damageassessment. We automatically mapped flooded areas with an overall accuracyof about 87–88% and kappa of 0.73–0.75 for the first approach. The secondapproach produced satisfactory results, and showed to be better than usingVV imagery; in Cambodia and Bolivia with VH polarization yielded IoUs valuesranging from 0.819 to 0.856. The predictions in Beira using VH imageryyielded IoU of 0.568, which is a reasonable outcome. The LC classification isvalidated by randomly collecting over 600 points for each LC, and the overallaccuracy is 90–95% with a kappa of 0.80–0.94. With these results we wereable to detect areas that are prone to flooding and where floods recede fasterfor improving the planning; we were also able to determine the percentageof flooded LC such as Agriculture, Mangrove and Built as their destructionnegatively impacts on food security and socio-economic development plans.}
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mllercecilia_2024,
  title = {Disaster in #Paradise: The tourism riskscape of tropical cyclone Winston, Fiji},
  author = {Möller, Cecilia},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Tourism, Cyclones, Hurricanes and Flooding},
  pages = {141--161},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Channel View Publications},
  keywords = {geography; geografi; risk and environmental studies; risk- och miljöstudier}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_settergrenhugo_2025,
  title = {Samverkan för ökad klimatanpassning vid Gavleån: Slutrapport för Gavleåns avrinningsområde i samverkan (GAS)},
  author = {Settergren, Hugo and Weglin Nilsson, Johanna and Futter, Martyn},
  year = {2025},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet},
  keywords = {klimatanpassning; översvämning; samverkan; avrinningsområde; stadsbyggnad},
  abstract = {Klimatförändringarna medför stora utmaningar för kommuner, VA-huvudmän, näringsliv och allmänheten då riskerna för både skyfall och torka potentiellt medför stora samhällskostnader vid exempelvis översvämning och skogsbrand. Idag är det juridiska ansvaret spritt mellan många aktörer och ingen har enskild rådighet att hantera utmaningen ensam. Denna isolering kan i värsta fall leda till att åtgärderna som genomförs blir ineffektiva, suboptimalt lokaliserade eller verkningslösa.Projektet har identifierat flera utmaningar, möjligheter och framtider inom avrinningsområdet. Genom att arbeta med ett holistiskt vattenresursperspektiv kan aktörerna bidra med olika pusselbitar som kan tackla utmaningarna tillsammans. Samverkansformer utvecklas så att flertalet vattenfrågor kan hanteras samtidigt och med multifunktionella lösningar i största möjliga mån. Det gäller naturvårdsinsatser, klimatanpassning (översvämning, torka, skogsbrand), förbättrad vattenkvalitet, grundvattenbildning med mera. Projektets resultat visar på att det finns möjligheter att samordna dessa, men att det kräver engagemang i befintliga och nya organisationer, bryta stuprörsarbete med vattenfrågor och ökad interaktion mellan aktörer i avrinningsområdet.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bergeksara_2017,
  title = {Ekosystemtjänster från svenska sjöar och vattendrag: Identifiering och bedömning av tillstånd},
  author = {Bergek, Sara and Sandin, Leonard and Tomband, Fanny and Holén, Elinor and Bryhn, Andreas and Rybak, Fanny},
  year = {2017},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {Havs- och vattenmyndigheten},
  keywords = {ecosystem services; sustainability; lakes; watercourses; anthropogenic pressures; freshwater; water framework directive; ekosystemtjänster; välfärd; naturresurser; sjöar; vattendrag; sötvatten; vattenkraft; skogsbruk; jordbruk; miljöjögifter; national; nationellt finansierad miljöövervakning; stora sjöarna; large lakes; reference stations; vattendrag trendstationer; levande sjöar och vattendrag; flourishing lakes and streams; zero eutrophication; ingen övergödning},
  abstract = {Ekosystemtjänster är de nyttor, direkta eller indirekta, som naturens ekosystem och dess organismer tillhandahåller människan. De ger en förutsättning för människans existens och bidrar till vår välfärd. För en långsiktigt hållbar förvaltning av naturresurser behövs dels en kartläggning över vilka ekosystemtjänster som finns och vilket tillstånd dessa har, samt kunskap om vilka faktorer som påverkar ekosystemens möjligheter att producera och leverera ekosystemtjänster. Denna rapport syftar till att ge en första nationell och övergripande sammanställning av ekosystemtjänster från sjöar och vattendrag. Ekosystemtjänster som grundvattnet bidrar med är inte inkluderade. Rapporten ger en övergripande bedömning av ekosystemtjänsternas tillstånd, och således inte en exakt bild av statusen på ekosystemtjänsterna (i den mån detta är möjligt), på distriktsnivå. Rapporten bidrar även till en beskrivning av komplexiteten av att nationellt bedöma tillståndet på ekosystemtjänster. Rapporten riktar sig i första hand till förvaltare som arbetar med sjöar och vattendrag, samt till beslutsfattare och andra intressenter.  Tjugotre olika kategorier av ekosystemtjänster identifierades för Sveriges sötvatten. Dessa ekosystemstjänster bedömdes därefter i vardera av Sveriges fem vattendistrikt utifrån fyra nivåer: - god, god-måttlig, måttlig-dålig samt dålig. Möjliga indikatorer för bedömning av varje ekosystemtjänst redovisas och dess relevans och lämplighet för bedömning av tillstånd på ekosystemtjänster kommenteras. Indikatorerna, som i denna rapport bedöms kunna reflektera tillstånd på ekosystemtjänsterna, valdes från befintliga direktiv i förvaltningen; kvalitetsfaktorer från vattenförvaltningen, indikatorer för de svenska miljökvalitetsmålen, Art- och habitatdirektivet samt indikatorer som används i arbete med Badvattendirektivet. De föreslagna indikatorerna bedöms i många fall endast till viss del kunna ge underlag till bedömning av ekosystemtjänsterna, och för vissa ekosystemtjänster saknas relevanta indikatorer, varför den slutgiltiga bedömningen av ekosystemtjänsternas tillstånd främst genomfördes som expertbedömningar. För en sammantagen bedömning av ekosystemtjänsternas tillstånd utfördes slutligen expertbedömning i respektive vattendistrikt. Bedömningarna resulterade i att de flesta ekosystemtjänsters tillstånd befanns ha en måttlig status. Endast ekosystemtjänsterna ”skydd mot översvämning” och ”tillhandahållande av livsmedel”, bedömdes ha dålig status i vissa av vattendistrikten. ”Skydd mot översvämning” bedömdes dock i ett annat vattendistrikt ha god status. Andra ekosystemtjänster som bedömdes ha god status i något eller några av vattendistrikten är till exempel ”upprätthållande av biogeokemiska cykler”, ”upprätthållande av vattnets kretslopp”, ”luft- och klimatreglering”, ”vattenrening”, ”tillhandahållande av dricksvatten”,” tillhandahållande av vatten till bevattning och industri”, ”rekreation” och ”naturarv”. Det finns en variation i expertbedömningarna mellan distrikten, främst beroende av de olika gruppsammansättningarna och den expertis dessa besitter. Det finns även en variation i indikatorunderlaget, både på grund av avsaknaden av data/statusbedömningar inom befintliga direktiv samt en skillnad i tillstånd för olika vatten inom samma distrikt. Eventuella skillnader i ekosystemtjänsternas tillstånd mellan olika distrikt kan därmed inte direkt jämföras utan att en djupare studie genomförs.  Förutom en beskrivning och bedömning av ekosystemtjänster i sötvatten gjordes även en kartläggning över olika påverkansfaktorer/mänskliga aktiviteter, som har en koppling till och påverkar ekosystemtjänsterna. Detta resulterade i ett förslag på 19 olika påverkansfaktorer/aktiviteter. Bland dessa kan nämnas vattenkraft, skogsbruk, jordbruk, fiske och påverkan av miljögifter. Rapporten ger en bra överblick över ekosystemtjänster i svenska sötvatten och en övergripande bedömning av dessa. Rapporten visar på de kunskapsluckor som finns gällande bedömning av olika ekosystemstjänsters status. Fortsatt arbete krävs för utveckling av metodik och indikatorer för bedömning. Det behövs även vidare kartläggning och utvärdering av relevanta påverkansfaktorer för ökad förståelse för dess effekter på ekosystemen och dess förmåga att tillhandahålla ekosystemtjänster. Detta är nödvändigt för att vi ska kunna förvalta ekosystemen på ett långsiktigt och hållbart sätt.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_vanwelllisa_2022,
  title = {Att sätta etik i praktiken för anpassning till stigande havsnivåer: Lärdomar från forskningsprojektet SEA-RIMS},
  author = {Van Well, Lisa and Göransson, Gunnel and Danielsson, Per and Björlin, Anette and Ndayikengurukiy, Godefroid and Qaderi, Dior and Wikman-Svan, Per and Wedin, Anna and Möller, Niklas},
  year = {2022},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {Statens geotekniska institut},
  keywords = {klimat; havsnivå; klimatanpassning; kust; värderingar; rättvisa; klimatförändring; samhällsplanering; översvämning},
  abstract = {På längre sikt kan Sveriges kust komma att påverkas av att havet stiger i allt snabbare takt. Men vad händer när havet stiger och hur kan vi anpassa oss till en ny havsnivå i framtiden? Idag utformas ny bebyggelse för att möta framtidens klimatförändring, men hur långt i framtiden är den säker? Vissa områden drabbas redan idag av översvämning och erosion. Kan allt skyddas? Att anpassa samhället till stigande havsnivåer aktualiserar en mängd etiska frågor, exempelvis som vem och vad ska samhället skydda och på vilka grunder?SEA-RIMS (Hållbar och etisk anpassning till stigande havsnivåer) var ett forskningsprojekt som leddes av institutionen för filosofi vid Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH) och bedrevs i samarbete med Statens geotekniska institut (SGI) och fler nationella, regionala och lokala partners i södra Sverige. Målet med forskningsprojektet var att skapa en bättre förståelse för de etiska och värdemässiga problem och utmaningar som anpassning till stigande havsnivåer innebär för Sverige. Många kustnära samhällen står inför stora utmaningar. I forskningsprojektet har KTH och SGI därför samarbetat med Båstad, Halmstad, Laholm, Mörbylånga, Trelleborg och Ystad kommuner, Länsstyrelserna i Skåne och Hallands län, Stiftelsen Hallands länsmuseer, och Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS).För att undersöka vilka värden vid kusten som människor tycker är viktiga att skydda genomfördes intervjuer med medborgare bosatta vid kusten eller som var på besök vid kusten. Resultatet visade att intresset för att skydda naturvärden var högre än väntat medan intresset för att skydda bostäder och infrastruktur var något mindre än väntat. Intervjuerna visade också på att det finns en stor okunskap om vem som borde vara ansvarig för att ta fram strategier och genomföra åtgärder för att hantera effekterna av en stigande havsnivå. Det fanns skillnader i hur klimatrisker uppfattades bland de intervjuade där yngre människor var mer oroade än äldre och kvinnor något mer oroade än män.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_anderssonskldyvonne_2008,
  title = {Climate change in Sweden: geotechnical and contaminated land consequences},
  author = {Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne and Fallsvik, Jan and Hultén, Carina and Jonsson, Anna and Hjerpe, Mattias and Glaas, Erik},
  year = {2008},
  journal = {WSEAS International Conference on Environmental and Geological Science,2008},
  pages = {52--57},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {climate change; local authority; flooding; soil; pollution; landslide; environment; social factors; interdisciplinary research areas; tvärvetenskapliga forskningsområden; u science; 60 road: soil and geotechnics},
  abstract = {     }
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_antonsonhans_2021,
  title = {Kulturhistoriska värden i ett förändrat klimat. Hot, risker och hanteringkopplat till vägar och banor},
  author = {Antonson, Hans and Buckland, Philip I. and Nyqvist, Roger and Fröjmark Svanström, Karin and Eriksson, Samuel and Romlinsson, Simon and Larsson, Andreas and Eriksson, Camilla and Eriksson, Love and Ekberg, Stina},
  year = {2021},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {KMV forum AB},
  keywords = {climate change; cultural heritage; transport planning; road salt; flooding; gis; environmental archaeology; miljöarkeologi},
  abstract = {Klimatförändringar utgör en bred palett av risker för kulturmiljö och landskap,inklusive de kulturhistoriska lämningar som har en nära eller direkt kopplingtill transportinfrastruktur. I detta projekt tittade vi på ett antal av dessa riskeri syfte att hjälpa Trafikverket att utveckla tjänster för bättre förutsägelse ochhantering av riskerna i anslutning till vägar och banor. Forskningen inleddesgenom en översikt av befintliga offentliga publikationer om klimatförändringenshot, risker, metoder, anpassningsåtgärder och kulturmiljö. Detta följdesav en undersökning av upplevelsen av dessa frågor bland offentligt anställdaexperter som medverkar i planeringen. Geografiska informationssystem (GIS)användes för att identifiera kulturhistoriska lämningar som är klimatologisktriskutsatta sig i riskzonen för tre undersökningsområden, följt av fältbesökför att bedöma tillförlitligheten i GIS-resultaten. Analysen visade att en enkelGIS-analys kan vara till hjälp för att identifiera riskutsatta platser, men ocksåatt fältarbete kan medverka till att identifiera ytterligare risker men också problemmed noggrannheten i underliggande datamaterial. Projektet tillhandahållerockså grundläggande statistik om i vilken utsträckning olika typer avkulturhistoriska lämningar på nationell nivå riskerar att hotas enligt nuvarandeklimatförändringsmodeller. Projektet genomförde också fallstudier av 1) vägsaltetsrisker för milstolpar och andra arkeologiska företeelser i anslutning tillvägar, och 2) de historiska kartornas potential att användas för att identifierariskutsatta områden vid framtida klimatförändringar. Slutligen diskuteras konsekvensernaav dessa resultat för prioriteringar av klimatanpassningsaktivitetersamt presenterar förslag på metoder och modeller för att identifiera transportinfrastrukturenskulturmiljöer som är hotas av klimatförändringar.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_arvidssonannak_2012,
  title = {Klimatanpassning av vägkonstruktion, drift och underhåll},
  author = {Arvidsson, Anna K. and Blomqvist, Göran and Erlingsson, Sigurdur and Hellman, Fredrik and Jägerbrand, Annika K. and Öberg, Gudrun},
  year = {2012},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut},
  keywords = {pavement design; winter maintenance; flooding; landslide; climate; change; dimensionering av vägöverbyggnad; vinterväghållning; översvämningar; jordskred; klimat; förändring; road: highway design; road: maintenance},
  abstract = {Klimatförändringarna är en realitet och påverkar vårt samhälle och därigenom även våra transporter. Genom att klimatanpassa transportsystemen blir systemen mer robusta och risken för transportstörningar blir mindre. För vägars konstruktion, drift och underhåll innebär klimatanpassningen i de flesta fall relativt stora förändringar men det saknas idag en övergripande bild av det totala klimatanpassningsbehovet nationellt sett samt vilka åtgärder som behöver tas och som är rimliga att tas. Eftersom klimatförändringarna generellt varierar mellan Sveriges klimatzoner är det förenat med stora svårigheter att förutsäga vilken påverkan klimatförändringarna får på vägarnas beteende och livslängd. Inom vinterväghållningen i Sverige kommer saltanvändandet totalt sett att minska på grund av det varmare klimatet. Plogningstillfällena kommer antagligen minska, men beredskapen bör inte minskas för mycket eftersom de mer extrema tillfällena kommer att öka. För att lyckas klimatanpassa vägtransportsystemen så att de blir robusta konstaterar vi att det finns ett stort behov för att ta fram mer kunskap om vägkonstruktionens påverkan av ett förändrat klimat, samt inom drift och underhåll hur man skall anpassa sig genom olika typer av varierande och flexibla klimatanpassningsåtgärder och till effekterna av extrema väderhändelser.}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_brandtsanders_2022,
  title = {Okunskap får städer att svämma över},
  author = {Brandt, S. Anders},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Forskning & framsteg},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {38--39},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {Stockholm : Stiftelsen Forskning & Framsteg},
  keywords = {forskarkommentar; geografi; skolämne; stadsplanering; klimat; översvämning; sustainable urban development; hållbar stadsutveckling},
  abstract = {Ett varmare klimat innebär kraftigare skyfall och fler översvämningar. Men många kommuner är dåliga på att avgöra var risken för höga vattenflöden gör det olämpligt att bygga. Det menar naturgeografen Anders Brandt – som vill se ett kunskapslyft i geografi.},
  issn = {0015-7937}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_lindstrmanders_2009,
  title = {Analys av granvitalitet efter översvämning},
  author = {Lindström, Anders and Stattin, Eva and Widemo Sandvik, Maria},
  year = {2009},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {Högskolan Dalarna},
  keywords = {forest engineering}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_guineabarrientoshctorestuardo_2014,
  title = {Institutional Aspects of Integrated Flood Management in Guatemala},
  author = {Guinea Barrientos, Héctor Estuardo},
  year = {2014},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis},
  keywords = {guatemala; floods; integrated flood management; institutional aspects},
  abstract = {Floods are a recurrent natural disaster in Guatemala. Heavy and prolonged rainfall often results in floods that affect people’s life and property. Several institutions and policy instruments at local, national or transnational level address flood management.The purpose of this study is to provide useful insights of the institutional aspects of integrated flood management at local, national and transboundary level in Guatemala. Papers I and II, explore institutions at local level, paper III at national level, while paper IV addresses flood management institutions at transboundary level.This research found that for the local and national level, there are several institutions concerned with flood management. In contrast, at transboundary level, and especially for international rivers, flood management institutions are largely absent.At local level, the Local Councils for Development (COCODEs, the acronym in Spanish) are responsible for flood prevention and preparation. While some municipalities are active in flood prevention, response and recovery activities, their limited economic and technical resources restrict their scope of action.  Local stakeholders such as COCODEs, farmers groups and other actors are largely neglected in the decision making process. The National Coordinator for Risk Reduction to Disasters (CONRED, Coordinadora Nacional para Reducción de Desastres), the Secretariat for Planning and Programming of the Presidency (SEGEPLAN, Secretaría de Planificación y Programación de la Presidencia), the Guatemalan Ministry of Infrastructure and other national institutions are in charge of planning and implementing flood management strategies, leaving public involvement of local actors mainly to public consultation. At the Central American level, the Coordination Centre for Natural Disasters Prevention in Central America (CEPREDENAC, Centro de Coordinación para la Prevención de Desastres Naturales en América Central), an institution part of the Central American Integration System (SICA by Spanish acronym), shall promote transboundary cooperation regarding disaster management, including flood management. However, transboundary flood management faces several challenges: territorial disputes and sovereignty issues over international rivers are significant obstacles to the implementation of integrated flood management programs.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_yangshuo_2024,
  title = {Multiphase Flow Dynamics: Insights from Single Microchannels to Porous Media with Uniform and Hierarchical Microchannel Networks},
  author = {Yang, Shuo},
  year = {2024},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Institutionen för Energivetenskaper Lunds Universitet - Lunds Tekniska Högskola},
  abstract = {Multiphase flow in porous media are widespread in emerging subsurface application including geological carbon sequestration and underground hydrogen storage. Multiple fluid interactions introduce more complexity compared to single phase flow. On the gas-liquid interface, mass transfer and interfacial instability may arise. The study of multi-phase interaction behaviour allows the insights gained to be applied to underground storage and recovery applications. In this thesis, a microfluidics platform with high-speed imaging system was built to investigate gas-liquid flow in single microchannel as a simple model and interfacial instability in porous media with microchannel network: At the beginning, to simply the model, mass transfer of deformed bubble flow in the single rectangular and square microchannels was experimentally studied by using water as liquid phase and CO2 as gas phase. Depending on flow rates, flow patterns including slug flow, bubbly flow, and annular flow were observed in rectangular and square microchannels. Flow pattern map was proposed and compared with the maps in the literatures. By using digital image processing, the bubble volume especially that of deformed bubbles in rectangular and square microchannels was calculated based on 2D projection and 3D slicing, correspondingly. Scaling laws including important parameters of bubbles were derived to provide the guidance of microreactor design. Mass transfer coefficients were calculated based on bubble volume. The empirical correlations involving dimensionless numbers were fitted to precisely predict mass transfer coefficients. Further, to be universality, a semi-theoretical model considering length ratio of liquid and gas phases was developed to predict measured mass transfer coefficients in square microchannel precisely. Next, I began to switch our perspective from single microchannel to porous media with microchannel networks. In the first step, the gas-liquid two-phase displacement in porous media with microchannel network was first investigated. By varying capillary numbers Ca and viscosity ratios M in a wide range, flow pattern involving viscous fingering (VF), capillary fingering (CF) and crossover zone (CZ) can be observed. Finger morphologies at breakthrough moment and steady state in three different flow regions was visualized. The main difference between VF and CF is that the gas stops invading in CF region after breakthrough, whereas in VF region gas can continue to expand until almost all the liquid phase is displaced. Invasion velocity, phase saturation and fingering complexity were quantified based on digital image processing. Fingering dynamical behaviors in different flow pattern before and after breakthrough was investigated. Time evolution of fingering displacement after breakthrough demonstrated an unobserved circle, consisting of new finger generation, cap invasion, breakthrough and finger disappearance. The circle repeats until steady state. Finally, local dynamical invasion behavior was studied and a stepwise way of gas invasion was exposed. In numerous geological gas storage procedures, the injected gas infiltrates aquifers containing multiple fluids, such as depleted oil reservoirs nearing the completion of extraction following water or brine flooding. Therefore, in the next step, I expanded the two-phase displacement to viscous-dependent three-phase displacement. By varying gas (G) invasion scenarios of a high viscous defending liquid (HL), low viscous liquid (LL), and their co-existing multi-fluid system, the influence of fluid viscosity was investigated. The residual saturation of the initial phase suggests that the displacement efficiency follows the order G→(L→L) > L→L > G→L, regardless of the injection flow rate. The introduction of a third gas phase improves the displacement efficiency and potential energy savings without incurring higher pumping power costs. The finger patterns of gas invasion in G→(LL→HL) and G→(HL→LL) displacement are very sensitive to the order of occupation of HL and LL within the pore space. Notably, a novel yarn-like gas pattern was observed during G→(LL→HL) displacement, in which gas invading speech is ultra-fast. Analysis of the local invasive behaviour revealed the main mechanism for the formation of yarn-like fingers, i.e., the tendency of gas to invade the interconnected LL channels, whereas the dispersed HL prevented the bypass expansion of the gas. Two types of ganglia movement and connection in G→(LL→HL) displacement were discovered, i.e. ¨catch up to connect¨ and ¨expand to connect¨. Finally, the time evolution of finger topological connectivity confirms that disconnected ganglia that appear before the breakthrough will expand and reconnect again after breakthrough. In the finally step, I further extend our research to cyclic gas-liquid invasion. To model the actual underground porous structure, a hierarchical porous media featuring multiple-level of pore sizes was designed and fabricated by 3D printing. The impact of hierarchical structure on invasion behavior was investigated during gas-liquid cyclic injection in uniform and hierarchical structures. By analyzing fingering morphology and quantifying phase saturation at each order structure, it was found that gas prefers to invade in the 1st-order structure and is trapped by capillary force in the 2nd-order structure. Then, connectivity and permeability were quantified by using the Euler number and Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), respectively. Compared to uniform structure, the hierarchical structure exhibits higher connectivity and relative permeability. The hysteresis effect occurs during gas-liquid cycle invasion. The Land model confirms that the saturation hysteresis effect is weaker in hierarchical structures compared to uniform structures. To investigate the underlying cause, I examined ganglia mobilization behavior and analyzed local invasion behavior. In contrast to homogeneous structures, ganglion movement is limited in hierarchical structures. I found the connection-jumping invasion method is the main mechanism behind this suppression. The discoveries in this thesis contribute to an improved comprehension of the interaction dynamics of multiphase flow at the microscale, particularly concerning the optimization of strategies for subsurface resource storage and extraction applications.}
}

@mastersthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_duboiskvin_2024,
  title = {On compound coastal flooding},
  author = {Dubois, Kévin},
  year = {2024},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Uppsala universitet}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_lwemarkludvig_2009,
  title = {A catastrophic flooding event in the Arctic Ocean},
  author = {Löwemark, Ludvig and Mellqvist, Matteo and Strand, Kari and Tessier, Heather and Jakobsson, Martin},
  year = {2009},
  journal = {Annual Congress of Chinese Geophical Society and Geological Society of Taiwan, May 2009},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {arctic ocean; sediment; xrf; itrax; earth sciences; marine geoscience; marin geovetenskap}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_thorssonsofia_2011,
  title = {Adapting cities to climate induced risks - a coordinated approach},
  author = {Thorsson, Sofia and Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne and Lindberg, Fredrik and Anna, Jonsson and Janhäll, Sara and Moback, Ulf and Andersson Ovuka, Mira},
  year = {2011},
  journal = {Climate and Construction},
  pages = {173--180},
  language = {eng},
  abstract = {In an era of changing climate there is a growing interest to create resilient cities, which can absorb and manage climate induce risks, such as heat waves and natural hazards (flooding, landslides etc). The increased frequencies and magnitudes of these climate hazards are expected to have a major impact on society. In order to maintain risks to society at acceptable levels, measures to reduce the vulnerability need to be taken. Such measures may, however, have significant non-expected and non-wanted impacts elsewhere on society. The need of holistic planning strategies becomes apparent.  The overall aim of this new transdisciplinary research project is to develop knowledge and methods that enable an integrated assessment of the impact of climate induced risks on society. The free-port area in Gothenburg, Sweden, will has been selected for a case study that will sharpen both the individual scientific methods and the interdisciplinary and intersectoral cooperation and integration. The project brings together experts in urban climate, atmospheric science, natural risk assessment, stratified vulnerability and multi-criteria analyses with local city planners in an integrated research effort. Strategic plans for climate adaptation will be developed and proposed. The stakeholder involvement will promote transfer of knowledge and applicability of results.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_anderssonskldyvonne_2012,
  title = {Effekter av samhällets säkerhetsåtgärder (ESS): en kartering av arbetet idag med fokus på översvämningar, ras och skred},
  author = {Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne and Bergman, Ramona and Nyberg, Lars and Johansson, Magnus and Persson, Erik},
  year = {2012},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {Statens Geotekniska Institut},
  keywords = {landslide; erosion; flooding; risk management; interview; local authority; 62 road: soil mechanics},
  abstract = {I denna rapport redovisas det arbete som pågått inom ESS-programmets första fas inom temaområde naturolyckor. Detta temaområde innefattar skred, ras, erosion och översvämningar. Målet med det arbete som presenteras i denna rapport har varit att skapa en överblick över hurman idag arbetar med dessa frågor i Sverige med fokus på kommunal nivå. Arbetet utgörs aven sammanställning av tidigare studier, beskrivning av metoder samt intervjuer med svenska och norska kommuner och myndigheter. I de svenska kommunerna har politiker och tjänstemän intervjuats.Förebyggande åtgärder för att minska sannolikheten för, eller konsekvensen av, olyckor vidtas ofta. Åtgärderna är baserade på en analys eller akut reaktion på en specifik händelse. Vissa åtgärder är platsspecifika och kan vara både fysiska och icke fysiska. Andra åtgärder är mer generella såsom lagstiftning och utbildningsinsatser, regional, nationell och internationell policy, direktiv och ramverk.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_gustafssongreta_2024,
  title = {Vägledning för klimatanpassning av bostadsföretag: Klimatanpasssningslösningar med fokus på naturbaserade åtgärder},
  author = {Gustafsson, Greta and Mawlayi, Faiz and Mattsson, Eskil and Stoll, Thomas and Johansson, Sara and Settergren, Hugo and Hasselmark Mason, Tanja and Holmqvist, Johan},
  year = {2024},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet},
  keywords = {klimatanpassning; naturbaserade åtgärder; bostadsföretag; skyfall; värmeböljor; översvämning; höga vattenflöden; höga temperaturer; risk- och sårbarhetsanalyser; ekosystemtjänster; natuvärdesinventering; trädinventering; gis; kartläggning; 100-årsregn; 500-årsregn; klimatscenarier; gröna tak; gröna fasader; översvämningsytor; urbana ängar; infiltrationsstråk; blågröna systemguiden; boendedialog},
  abstract = {Klimatforskningen talar sitt tydliga språk: Desnabba klimatförändringar vi redan idag upplever,innebär nya utmaningar men också möjlighetertill omställning av hur vi utvecklar och förvaltarvår byggda miljö. Med denna vägledning villvi rusta bostadsföretag för denna framtid, därklimatanpassning av bostadsbeståndet inte är ettalternativ utan en nödvändighet.Det ligger ett stort arbete bakom denna vägledningmen mycket arbete återstår och vägledningengör inte anspråk på att vara något heltäckandeuppslagsverk, utan förhoppningsvis snarare ettinspirerande och kortfattat första insteg i hur vikan komma igång med konkreta åtgärder.Arbetet har varit en process av nära samarbetemellan människor och organisationer medolika perspektiv och kompetenser. Projektet harsamfinansierats av Stiftelsen Institutet för VattenochLuftvårdsforskning (SIVL) och SverigesAllmännytta. Vi har också haft förmånen att hamed oss fem allmännyttiga bostadsbolag, MKB,Nybo, Mimer, Vätterhem och Östersundshem, pådenna resa, som bidragit med sitt engagemanggenom bland annat fallstudier, diskussioner ochdelande av tidigare erfarenheter. Företagensdeltagande har lett till att den teoretiska grundsom presenteras i vägledningen är förankrad i denverklighet och de utmaningar som de ställs inför.Det har även inneburit att generell kunskap om klimatanpassningsarbetet kunnat exemplifieras och presenteras på ett sätt som går att känna igensig i.Då det är bråttom att agera och frågorna omklimatanpassning av vår byggda miljö ärkomplex har projektet tidigt valt att prioriterade två extremväderhändelser som vi redan nuser drabbar bostäder och boende i allt störreomfattning; skyfall och värmeböljor. Vi har också valt att fokusera på multifunktionella ochnaturbaserade lösningar som bostadsbolagen kanintegrera i sin ordinarie verksamhet.Genom ökad kunskap om risker och åtgärder,systematiskt arbete, bättre samverkan samt störreförståelse för ekonomiska aspekter kommer ocksåförståelsen för behovet av åtgärder öka, vilket kanskynda på anpassningsarbetet. Vår förhoppningär att vägledningen kommer spridas för att andrabolag, både allmännyttiga och övriga, ska kunnaanvända den.Det har varit vår ambition att skapa en vägledningsom är lättillgänglig, praktisk och som möterbostadsbolagen i de utmaningar de står inför,både nu och i framtiden.}
}

@book{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_2013,
  title = {Climate Change and Flood Risk Management: Adaptation and Extreme Events at Local Level},
  year = {2013},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing},
  abstract = {Climate Change and Flood Risk Management discusses and problematises the integration of adaptation to climate change in flood risk management.The book explores adaptation to climate change in relation to flood risk events in advanced industrial states. It provides examples of how flood risk management, disaster and emergency management, and adaptation to climate change may intersect in a number of European and Canadian cases.Taken together, the studies show that integration of adaptation in flood risk and emergency management may differ strongly – not only with risk, but with a number of institutional and contextual factors, including capacities and priorities in the specific municipal cases and within a national and wider context.The book will be relevant to researchers involved with adaptation to climate change and those involved with comprehensive planning in relation to it. It will also be of interest to academics within the fields of environmental studies and the environmentally-oriented social sciences.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mondinoelena_2021,
  title = {Changes in Hydrological Risk Perception and Implications for Disaster Risk Reduction},
  author = {Mondino, Elena},
  year = {2021},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis},
  keywords = {risk perception; floods; droughts; disaster risk reduction; sociohydrology; earth science with specialization in environmental analysis; geovetenskap med inriktning mot miljöanalys},
  abstract = {Economic losses caused by hydrological extremes, such as floods and droughts, are exacerbating because of increased anthropogenic activities and global environmental changes. Understanding how individuals and communities interact with hydrological extremes thus becomes fundamental to develop effective strategies for disaster risk reduction. Risk perception plays an important role in determining how individuals and communities respond to the occurrence of an extreme event.  This thesis aims at addressing aspects of risk perception that remain largely unknown. They include: i) how flood risk perceptions change over time, ii) the role of previous experiences, and iii) how the perception of flood risk relates to the perception of other natural hazards, such as droughts. The work is based on survey data collected in different study areas – both in Italy and Sweden at the local and national scales – via longitudinal as well as cross-sectional approaches.  In relation to the three main objectives, this thesis found that: i) flood risk perceptions evolve differently over time depending on social groups; ii) different types of previous experiences with floods directly influence specific facets of risk perception, with knowledge deriving from the experience also playing an important role; iii) flood risk perception is heavily intertwined with drought risk perception. These results have policy and theoretical implications. Concerning the former, they can inform disaster risk reduction efforts in terms of risk communication and promote an integrated management of hydrological risk. As for the latter, they stress the importance of taking social heterogeneity into account when modelling the interaction between the social and the hydrological spheres, as this can influence the community’s response to extreme events. Fostering human adaptation to climate extremes is a priority. This thesis argues that adaptation can be achieved by promoting the awareness that not only are we at risk, but also that we have the means to address the risk.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bringarvid_2012,
  title = {Divergent relevance and prioritization basis for hydro-climatic change monitoring in the Arctic},
  author = {Bring, Arvid and Destouni, Georgia},
  year = {2012},
  language = {eng},
  abstract = {Climate change affects society and the Earth System largely through water cycle changes, such as altered precipitation patterns and increased drought and flood pressures. In the Arctic, which undergoes a particularly large and rapid environmental transformation, information on water cycle changes is crucial to plan for societal adaptation. A prioritization strategy is then needed for how (where and when) monitoring should be focused to get the most relevant information and data on Arctic hydro-climatic change with limited available resources. We investigate different possible strategies for a geographic prioritization of hydro-climatic change monitoring in the Arctic. Results show conflicting prioritization basis across 14 major Arctic hydrological basins. The current monitoring density distribution is relevant for the so far observed but not for the projected future changes in Arctic climate. The present and the projected future hot-spots of greatest climate change differ, so that major spatial shifts must be anticipated in the future with regard to climate change severity across the Arctic. Important temporal shifts must further be anticipated in several major Arctic basins with currently decreasing but expected future increasing precipitation.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_brandtsanders_2005,
  title = {Resolution issues of elevation data during inundation modeling of river floods},
  author = {Brandt, S. Anders},
  year = {2005},
  journal = {Proceedings of the XXXI IAHR Congress [Elektronisk resurs]},
  pages = {3573--3581},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Seoul : Korea Water Resources Association},
  keywords = {digital elevation modelling; dem; resolution; gis; geographical information systems; floods; rivers; hydrology; inundation; eskilstuna; airborne laser altimetry; arcview; hec-ras; hydrologi; physical planning; fysisk planläggning},
  abstract = {A case study of the Eskilstuna River in Sweden is presented. This study is carried out within the project KRIS-GIS®, a Swedish initiative of handling crisis situations, including flooding. The purpose is to show how different resolutions in input elevation data affect the resulting inundation maps. Terrain elevation points at the sides of the river were gathered from an airborne laser altimetry survey, and river bed elevations were gathered from an echosounding survey. The terrain model was constructed in ArcView GIS as a triangulated irregular network (TIN), which served as the base for all later modeling. The hydraulic modeling was done as one-dimensional steady flow in HEC-RAS flow routing software. High-resolution elevation data resulted in better inundation delineation than did lowresolution elevation data. If the mean water discharge was used in the modeling and if the river is narrow, a low resolution could even lead to that the river itself would not be marked as inundated. At high water discharges, the river was usually inundated, but there was great uncertainty if the riparian areas really would be flooded or not. With steep side slopes, the delineation of inundation becomes more certain, while at gentler side slopes, the flow is distributed on a larger surface with a risk that the raster cells will be incorrectly marked regarding inundation. Finally, the use of high-resolution elevation data compared with lowresolution data, makes estimates of friction factor, Manning’s n, relatively more important for correct results in inundation studies.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_johannessense_2017,
  title = {Bridging the floods - The role of social learning for resilience building in urban water services},
  author = {Johannessen, Åse},
  year = {2017},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Division of Risk Management and Societal Safety, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University},
  abstract = {The development of cities is increasingly threatened by a worldwide water crisis. Urban water services (including drinking water, sanitation and drainage) are facing complex and multiple pressures, which are becoming increasingly frequent and severe. These pressures include floods, and the depletion, pollution and degradation of water resources and their associated ecosystems. These diverse pressures fall mainly within the domains of flood risk and water resources management: two working fields that are divided by different institutional structures, approaches and practices. Social learning is becoming increasingly popular as an approach that has the potential to “bridge” these silos, and ultimately, contribute to building resilience in urban water services. However, empirical analyses on this issue are rare and fragmented. Against this background, this thesis investigates the role of social learning for resilience building in urban water services. It is based on single and multiple case studies from the urban areas of Cali (Colombia), Cebu (The Philippines), Durban (South Africa), Gorakhpur (India) and Kristianstad (Sweden). The results identify challenges to the integration of the identified silos, what resilience means for urban water services, and the key elements of social learning that can support or inhibit urban water resilience. The results provide important input for new theory, policy and practice related to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction and national policies on sustainable water management, risk reduction and climate change adaptation.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_teutschbeinclaudia_2013,
  title = {Hydrological Modeling for Climate Change Impact Assessment: Transferring Large-Scale Information from Global Climate Models to the Catchment Scale},
  author = {Teutschbein, Claudia},
  year = {2013},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University},
  keywords = {bias correction; climate change; climate models; ensembles; gcm; hbv; hydrological modeling; precipitation; rcm; split sample test; streamflow; sweden; temperature; uncertainty},
  abstract = {A changing climate can severely perturb regional hydrology and thereby affect human societies and life in general. To assess and simulate such potential hydrological climate change impacts, hydrological models require reliable meteorological variables for current and future climate conditions. Global climate models (GCMs) provide such information, but their spatial scale is too coarse for regional impact studies. Thus, GCM output needs to be downscaled to a finer scale either through statistical downscaling or through dynamic regional climate models (RCMs). However, even downscaled meteorological variables are often considerably biased and therefore not directly suitable for hydrological impact modeling. This doctoral thesis discusses biases and other challenges related to incorporating climate model output into hydrological studies and evaluates possible strategies to address them. An analysis of possible sources of uncertainty stressed the need for full ensembles approaches, which should become standard practice to obtain robust and meaningful hydrological projections under changing climate conditions. Furthermore, it was shown that substantial biases in current RCM simulations exist and that correcting them is an essential prerequisite for any subsequent impact simulation. Bias correction algorithms considerably improved RCM output and subsequent streamflow simulations under current conditions. In addition, differential split-sample testing was highlighted as a powerful tool for evaluating the transferability of bias correction algorithms to changed conditions. Finally, meaningful projections of future streamflow regimes could be realized by combining a full ensemble approach with bias correction of RCM output: Current flow regimes in Sweden with a snowmelt-driven spring flood in April will likely change to rather damped flow regimes that are dominated by large winter streamflows.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_brandtsanders_2005_1,
  title = {Översvämningsmodellering i GIS: betydelse av höjdmodellers upplösning applicerat på Eskilstunaån - ett delprojekt i KRIS-GIS®},
  author = {Brandt, S. Anders},
  year = {2005},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {Högskolan i Gävle},
  keywords = {digitala höjdmodeller; dem; upplösning; gis; geografiska informationssystem; översvämningar; vattendrag; hydrologi; eskilstuna; luftburen laserskanning; arcview; hec-ras; fysisk planering; hydrology; physical planning; fysisk planläggning},
  abstract = {Under senare tid har översvämningar alltmer uppmärksammats av allmänhet, politiker, myndigheter och organisationer. Samtidigt har allt fler insett att det inte är en fråga om en översvämning kommer att ske utan när och hur stor den blir. Detta innebär att översvämningsrisker ständigt måste vara en närvarande del i politikers, planerares och krisberedskapsorganisationers arbete. Ett sätt att vara väl förberedd inför översvämningar är att ta fram översvämningsområden för olika stora vattenflöden. Därför har det inom projektet KRIS-GIS®, beställt och finansierat av Krisberedskapsmyndigheten, gjorts en mer detaljerad specialstudie över översvämningar kring Eskilstunaån. Tillförlitligheten hos framtagna översvämningsområden beror framför allt av två faktorer: korrekt vattenflödessimulering och korrekt beskrivning av terrängen. I denna studie har den endimensionella modellen HEC-RAS använts för flödessimuleringen och för beskrivning av terrängen har en flygburen 3D-laserskanning över området kring Eskilstunaån utförts. Dessutom har ekolodning utförts för att möjliggöra beskrivning av bottentopografin i Eskilstunaån. Samtliga höjddatapunkter kopplades ihop i ett GIS till ett triangulärt oregelbundet nätverk, TIN. Därefter lades sektioner tvärs över vattendraget och omgivande terräng. Dessa tvärsektioner tilldelades höjdvärden från TIN-modellen innan de exporterades till HEC-RAS. Fyra olika vattenföringar simulerades i HEC-RAS: medelvattenföringen på 23,7 m3/s, årsfloden på 70 m3/s, 100-årsflödet på 123 m3/s samt högsta beräknade flödet på 198 m3/s. Dessutom har det gjorts några alternativa körningar med varierande värden på Mannings n, dvs. markfriktion. Efter körningar i HEC-RAS, exporterades resulterande vattennivåer tillbaka till GISet där ett resultatraster skapades, där varje rastercell visades som översvämmad eller ej, och i förekommande fall översvämmat djup. Resultaten av översvämningsanalyserna visar att betydligt säkrare översvämningsprognoser nu kan göras när tillgång till terrängmodeller av hög kvalitet finns. Vid tidigare studier har Lantmäteriets höjddatabas använts, där höjder finns representerade med ett värde per 50-metersruta. Från att terrängmodellen har varit den begränsande faktorn övergår i stället en korrekt beskrivning av markens råhet eller friktion, uttryckt som Mannings n, till att vara den begränsande faktorn. Det rekommenderas därför att differentiera råhetsvärdena beroende på vilken markanvändningstyp som finns längs med vattendraget. Speciellt viktigt är detta i flacka områden. För Eskilstunaåns nordligaste delar är det viktigt att vattennivån i Mälaren bedöms korrekt. För att sprida och kunna dra nytta av resultaten framtagna i KRIS-GIS®-projektet rekommenderas det att färdiga översvämningspolygoner kan användas av kommuner, räddningstjänst osv. i deras arbete. De kan ringa eller automatiskt få information, från t.ex. SMHI eller vattenregleringsföretag, som innehåller upplysningar om förväntade flöden. Motsvarande polygon för förväntat flöde visas i ett GIS och direkt har man lägesbilden klart för sig. Utöver detta har även visualiseringsaspekter behandlats.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hughesdanny_2006,
  title = {An intelligent and adaptable grid-based flood monitoring and warning system},
  author = {Hughes, Danny and Greenwood, Phil and Blair, Gordon and Coulson, Geoff and Pappenberger, Florian and Smith, Paul and Beven, Keith},
  year = {2006},
  journal = {Proceedings of the UK e-Science All Hands Meeting 2006},
  pages = {53--60},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Edinburgh : National E-Science Centre},
  abstract = {Flooding is a growing problem in the UK. It has a significant effect on residents, businesses and commuters in flood-prone areas. The cost of damage caused by flooding correlates closely with the warning time given before a flood event, and this makes flood monitoring and prediction critical to minimizing the cost of flood damage. This paper describes a wireless sensor network for flood warning which is not only capable of integrating with remote fixed-network grids for computationally-intensive flood modeling purposes, but is also capable of performing on-site flood modeling by organising itself as a 'local grid'. The combination of these two modes of grid computation-local and remote-yields significant benefits. For example, local computation can be used to provide timely warnings to local stakeholders, and a combination of local and remote computation can inform adaptation of the sensor network to maintain optimal performance in changing environmental conditions.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bjrkvaldlouise_2008,
  title = {Landscape hydrogeochemistry of Fe, Mn, S and trace elements (As, Co, Pb) in a boreal stream network},
  author = {Björkvald, Louise},
  year = {2008},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Institutionen för geologi och geokemi},
  keywords = {landscape hydrogeochemistry; boreal streams; spring flood; fe; mn; s; as; co; pb; sulphur isotopes; sulphate; organic s; doc; spatial variability; temporal variability; wetlands; earth sciences},
  abstract = {The transport of elements by streams from headwater regions to the sea is influenced by landscape characteristics. This thesis focuses on the influence of landscape characteristics (e.g. proportion of wetland/forest coverage) on temporal and spatial variations of Fe, Mn, S and trace elements (As, Co, Pb) in streams located in northern Sweden, a boreal region characterized by coniferous forests and peat wetlands.Water samples from a network of 15 streams revealed a different hydrogeochemistry in forested catchments compared to wetland catchments. The temporal variation was dominated by spring flood, when concentrations of Fe, Mn and trace elements increased in forested headwaters. However, in streams of wetland catchments concentrations decreased, but Pb concentrations were higher in comparison to other streams. Both Fe and Pb showed positive correlations with wetland area, while Co correlated with forest coverage. The anthropogenic contribution of As and Pb appear to be larger than the supply from natural sources.During spring flood SO42- decreased in most streams, although concentrations increased in streams of wetland catchments. Concentrations of SO42- were higher in streams of forested catchments than in wetland dominated streams, the former being net exporters of S and the latter net accumulators. Isotope values of stream water SO42- (δ34SSO4) were close to that of precipitation during spring flood, indicating that the major source of S is from deposition. The results show that, although emissions of anthropogenic S have been reduced, there is still a strong influence of past and current S deposition on runoff in this region.In conclusion, wetlands are key areas for the hydrogeochemistry in this boreal landscape. The findings emphasize the importance of understanding stream water chemistry and element cycling from a landscape perspective. This may be important for predicting how boreal regions respond to environmental disturbances such as climate change.}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_jonssonannac_2015,
  title = {Climate Change Adaptation in urban India: The inclusive formulation of local adaptation strategies},
  author = {Jonsson, Anna C. and Rydhagen, Birgitta and Wilk, Julie and Feroz, A. R. and Rani, Ashu and Kumar, Arun},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Global NEST. International Journal},
  volume = {1},
  number = {17},
  pages = {61--71},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Global NEST},
  keywords = {climate change adaptation; urban planning; participatory assessment; india; slum populations; wastewater drainage; heat wave; flash flood; solid waste management},
  abstract = {In Kota, the third largest city of Rajasthan, poverty levels are high in many areas and there is a great need to assess the vulnerability and adaptive capacity of different societal groups and sectors to the impacts of climatic variability and change, and to formulate sustainable planning strategies. The city is a large rapidly growing centre (but not a megacity), facing a varied and challenging water situation and anticipated harmful effects of climate change. The methodological approach involves participatory workshops with key stakeholders in urban administration to identify vulnerabilities, and discuss concrete strategies for increasing the adaptive capacity of the most vulnerable areas and sectors. The paper focuses on water resource planning (storm, potable, and wastewater), since it is already a challenging societal issue and one which will become even more critical in the future with climate change. We aim to contribute to improved urban water management for sustainable climate change adaptation in developing countries through an improved methodology of vulnerability assessments, capacity building and social learning, and a deeper empirical understanding of an urban context in Central India.},
  issn = {1108-4006}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_gironslopezmarc_2016,
  title = {Information Needs for Water Resource and Risk Management: Hydro-Meteorological Data Value and Non-Traditional Information},
  author = {Girons Lopez, Marc},
  year = {2016},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis},
  keywords = {water management; data resolution; non-traditional data; floods; modelling; social memory; precipitation; runoff; social media; interpolation; data value; gestió de l’aigua; resolució de les dades; dades no tradicionals; inundacions; modelització; memòria social; precipitació; escorrentia; xarxes socials; interpolació; valor de les dades; avrinning; befolkningars minne; dataupplösning; datavärde; interpolering; mjuk information; modellering; nederbörd; sociala medier; vattenförvaltning; översvämning; gestión del agua; resolución de los datos; datos no tradicionales; inundaciones; modelización; memoria social; precipitación; escorrentía; redes sociales; interpolación; valor de los datos; hydrology; hydrologi},
  abstract = {Data availability is extremely important for water management. Without data it would not be possible to know how much water is available or how often extreme events are likely to occur. The usually available hydro-meteorological data often have a limited representativeness and are affected by errors and uncertainties. Additionally, their collection is resource-intensive and, thus, many areas of the world are severely under-monitored. Other areas are seeing an unprecedented – yet local – wealth of data in the last decades. Additionally, the spread of new technologies together with the integration of different approaches to water management science and practice have uncovered a large amount of soft information that can potentially complement and expand the possibilities of water management.This thesis presents a series of studies that address data opportunities for water management. Firstly, the hydro-meteorological data needs for correctly estimating key processes for water resource management such as precipitation and discharge were evaluated. Secondly, the use of non-traditional sources of information such as social media and human behaviour to improve the efficiency of flood mitigation actions were explored. The results obtained provide guidelines for determining basic hydro-meteorological data needs. For instance, an upper density of 24 rain gauges per 1000 km2 for spatial precipitation estimation beyond which improvements are negligible was found. Additionally, a larger relative value of discharge data respect to precipitation data for calibrating hydrological models was observed. Regarding non-traditional sources of information, social memory of past flooding events was found to be a relevant factor determining the efficiency of flood early warning systems and therefore their damage mitigation potential. Finally, a new methodology to use social media data for probabilistic estimates of flood extent was put forward and shown to achieve results comparable to traditional approaches.This thesis significantly contributes to integrated water management by improving the understanding of data needs and opportunities of new sources of information thus making water management more efficient and useful for society.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_edebalkpaul_2016,
  title = {Riskbedömning av förorenade områden med hänsyn till sårbarhet för naturolyckor: Information och råd},
  author = {Edebalk, Paul and Carling, Maria and Göransson, Gunnel and Fallsvik, Jan and Hedfors, Jim and Odén, Karin and Branzén, Helena and Stark, Mikael},
  year = {2016},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {Statens geotekniska institut},
  keywords = {soil; sediment; ground water; contamination; pollution; risk management; risk assessment; vulnerability; landslide; erosion; debris; flooding; slope; stability; mapping; planning; specification; sweden; swedish},
  abstract = {Denna publikation har tagits fram för att möjliggöra en överblick över vilka inventerade förorenade områden som ligger på markområden som gör dem sårbara för naturolyckor, samt att underlätta en samlad bedömning av både geotekniska och miljögeotekniska frågeställningar när det gäller förorenade områden och naturolyckor. Publikationen syftar till att beskriva hur man kan identifiera förorenade områden som är sårbara för naturolyckor för att i ett tidigt skede avgöra rätt utredningsbehov.}
}

@mastersthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_perssonerik_2015,
  title = {Flood Warnings in a Risk Management Context: A Case of Swedish Municipalities},
  author = {Persson, Erik},
  year = {2015},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Karlstads universitet},
  keywords = {early warning systems; floods; natural hazards; municipality; risk management; preparedness; disaster risk reduction.; risk- och miljöstudier; risk and environmental studies},
  abstract = {As a result of the United Nations’ International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (1990-2000), and recent high profile disasters, disaster risk reduction has climbed high on the international political agenda. There has been a paradigm shift from reacting to disasters towards preparing for and mitigating effects of disasters. Among the measures that have been highlighted on the disaster risk reduction agenda are early warning systems. In a Swedish context, there are needs for early warnings for various flood risk types. Municipalities carry big responsibilities for managing flood risks, and early warnings have a potential to facilitate decision-making and ultimately reduce flood losses.The aim of this thesis is to describe how a variety of flood warning signals are used in the risk management process of Swedish municipalities, how they can contribute to the flood risk reducing process, and which factors influence the success of this. The thesis is based on two papers.Paper I is based on interviews with three respondents from Swedish municipalities that have invested in and established local early warning systems. The paper shows that the possible effects from a local early warning system are not only reduced flood losses but also potential spinoff, the occurrence of which is dependent on the well-being of the organisation and its risk management processes.Paper II is based on interviews with 23 respondents at 18 Swedish municipalities, who have responsibilities related to flood risk management, and one respondent who works at SMHI with hydrological warning. The paper shows that municipalities can use a variety of complementary flood warning signals to facilitate decision-making for a proactive flood response. This is however not systematically the case, and is dependent on available resources.The theoretical contribution of this thesis is a development of existing conceptual models of early warning systems with respect to risk management and system contexts, and the use of complementary warning signals.}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_peatedavid_2008,
  title = {Temporal variations in crustal assimilation of magma suites in the East Greenland flood basalt province: tracking the evolution of magmatic systems},
  author = {Peate, David and Barker, Abigail and Rishuus, Morten and Andreasen, Rasmus},
  year = {2008},
  journal = {Lithos},
  volume = {1},
  number = {102},
  pages = {179--197},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {earth science with specialization in mineral chemistry; petrology and tectonics; geovetenskap med inriktning mot mineralogi; petrologi och tektonik},
  abstract = {We review published radiogenic isotope data (> 350 samples in total) on various suites of magmatic rocks within the Palaeogene central East Greenland flood basalt province to evaluate the types of crustal assimilants and the extent of crustal assimilation involved in each suite. We use these observations to build a regional picture of how magmatic plumbing systems changed with time and location during the sequential development of the province as magmatism responded to the development of a volcanic rifted margin and eventual plate separation. The earliest phase of magmatic activity (c. 62–57 Ma) is characterised by highly contaminated magmas that show a temporal change in assimilant type from amphibolite to granulite. This transition has been linked to the effects of an increasing magma supply rate which allows the more refractory granulite lithologies to be melted. The voluminous break-up phase of magmatism (c. 56–54 Ma) saw a significant decrease in the extent of assimilation because of the decreasing availability of assimilant material in the mature feeder systems, and many samples have Sr–Nd–Pb isotope compositions that overlap with those of asthenospheric melts (as represented by recent Icelandic basalts and North Atlantic MORB). Detailed study has allowed us to recognise packets of lavas that ponded at different levels in the crust and assimilated material of different compositions. The later stages of break-up magmatism show more diverse and more contaminated compositions that indicate a shift from a few large robust feeder systems to numerous small new conduits as the rifting continued. The post-break-up magmatism (c. 54–13 Ma) is characterised by a return to more highly contaminated magmas, which reflects a change in the style of magmatism: the eruption of small-volume alkalic lava flows from newly established conduits through the thicker inland crust, and the intrusion of mafic and silicic alkalic magmas at shallow levels in the Archaean basement along the present coast.},
  issn = {0024-4937}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_eversmariele_2012_1,
  title = {Reducing flood risk by integrative land use planning},
  author = {Evers, Mariele and Nyberg, Lars and Svedung, Inge},
  year = {2012},
  journal = {Proceedings of the 43rd ESReDA seminar on land use planning and risk-informed decision making. Saint-Étienne-du Rouvray, France, Oct 22-23, 2012},
  language = {eng}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mulliganjoseph_2017,
  title = {Community-responsive adaptation to flooding in Kibera, Kenya},
  author = {Mulligan, Joseph and Harper, Jamilla and Kipkemboi, Pascal and Ngobi, Bukonola and Collins, Anna},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers},
  language = {eng},
  abstract = {Much of the world’s existing and future population will live in slums, where the twin trajectories of rapidurbanisation and increasedflooding driven by climate change collide. Few spatial planning policies currently addressthis issue in practice. Poorly planned relocation from slum areas has caused conflict and insecurity, while large-scaleinfrastructural solutions for reducingflood risk are prohibitively expensive. There is a need to consider how localadaptation measures for increasing resilience toflooding can complement other structural and policy measures. Thispaper describes and evaluates autonomous, market-based and public-policy-driven structural and non-structuraladaptation approaches toflooding in Kibera, the largest informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya. The analysis employsa novel survey data set from 963 households in Kibera and extensive community and institutional stakeholderconsultation. Results of the consultation demonstrate how autonomous adaptation at the household level isdisincentivised by insecure housing tenure, while public-policy-driven approaches are constrained by the lack ofeffective community engagement. Combining the lessons from this analysis with 10 years of experience indeveloping public space and infrastructure projects in Kibera, the paper builds the case for an approach to‘community-responsive adaptation’to urbanflooding that negotiates these limitations},
  issn = {1478-4637}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_erhagenbjrn_2015,
  title = {Bioavailability of stream dissolved organic carbon (DOC) during spring flood and base flow in high-latitude streams},
  author = {Erhagen, Björn and Berggren, Martin and Sponseller, Ryan A. and Panneer Selvam, Balathandayuthabani and Giesler, Reiner},
  year = {2015},
  language = {eng},
  abstract = {An important component of the carbon cycle is the lateral flow of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from terrestrial ecosystems to streams and rivers. The fate of this carbon depends very much on the bioavailability of DOC (BDOC), which may determine whether DOC is returned to the atmosphere as CO2 or deposited in sediments. This study focuses on the linkages between stream DOC composition, optical characteristics and bioavailability along vegetation gradients in subarctic Sweden. We sampled streams from tundra, birch forest, and boreal forest ecoregions, which encompass large differences in C:N ratios (6.4-30.1) and spectroscopic characteristics, all related to variation in landscape properties. The DOC bioavailability was determined through laboratory bioassays carried out twice during the year (spring-flood and base flow). During spring flood, DOC concentration varied between 0.5 - 6.7 mg L-1 and the BDOC ranged between 3- 24 %, with the highest BDOC from birch forest/tundra and tundra streams. Results suggest that broad-scale transitions in vegetation structure across sub-arctic landscapes have important implications for the quantity and quality of DOC delivered to aquatic ecosystems.}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_yinhong_2007,
  title = {Preliminary Analysis of Drought/Flood Events in Early-Summer over the Central Shaanxi Plain during the Past 500 Years},
  author = {Yin, Hong and Gao, P and Liu, H and Shao, X and Linderholm, Hans W.},
  year = {2007},
  journal = {Journal of Nanjing Institute of Meteorology},
  volume = {1},
  number = {30},
  pages = {51--56},
  language = {und},
  abstract = {In this study, the variation characteristics of extreme drought and flood events during the past 500 yearswere analyzed using the early2summer dryness indices series reconstructed by tree ring width chronologies of Huashan Pine samp led at the HuashanMountain. Comparisons between the dryness indices and the Palmer indices show that the dryness indices could be used to figure out the drought and flood events in the central Shaanxi p lain. There were 18 extreme droughts and 11 extreme floods events in earlysummer detected in this area during the past 500 years. Most of the events could be found in the historical documents, excep t that a flood event was detected from the dryness index but a drought event was recorded in the historical documents in A. D. 1521. There are also four eventswhich have no corresponding records in the historical documents in A. D. 1513, 1574, 1675 and 1945, respectively. Nine continuous drought periods and ten continuous flood periods are significant in the past 500 years. The drought and flood events occurred with high frequency in the sixteenth and the nineteenth centuries, but were less in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The drought events are obviousmore than the flood events in the twentieth century}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_brandtsanders_2012,
  title = {Importance of river bank and floodplain slopes on the accuracy of flood inundation mapping},
  author = {Brandt, S. Anders and Lim, Nancy Joy},
  year = {2012},
  journal = {River Flow 2012},
  pages = {1015--1020},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Leiden, The Netherlands : CRC Press / Balkema (Taylor & Francis)},
  keywords = {flood inundation; geographical information systems (gis); lidar; digital elevation models (dem); hydrology; hydrologi; surveying; water in nature and society},
  abstract = {Effective flood assessment and management depend on accurate models of flood events, which in turn are strongly affected by the quality of digital elevation models (DEMs). In this study, HEC-RAS was used to route one specificwater discharge through the main channel of the Eskilstuna River, Sweden. DEMs with various resolutions and accuracies were used to model the inundation. The results showed a strong positive relationship between the quality of theDEMand the extent of the inundation. However, evenDEMswith the highest resolution produced inaccuracies. In another case study, the Testebo River, the model settings could be calibrated, thanks to a surveyed old inundation event. However, even with the calibration efforts, the resulting inundation extents showed varying degrees of deviation from the surveyed flood boundaries. Therefore, it becomes clear that not only does the resolution of the DEM impact the quality of the results; also, the floodplain slope perpendicular to the river flow will impact the modelling accuracy. Flatter areas exhibited the greatest predictive uncertainties regardless of the DEM’s resolution. For perfectly flat areas, uncertainty becomes infinite.}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_domeneghettialessio_2015,
  title = {Flood risk mitigation in developing countries: deriving accurate topographic data for remote areas under severe time and economic constraints},
  author = {Domeneghetti, Alessio and Gandolfi, Stefano and Castellarin, Attilio and Brandimarte, Luigia and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Barbarella, Maurizio and Brath, Armando},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Journal of Flood Risk Management},
  volume = {4},
  number = {8},
  pages = {301--314},
  language = {eng}
}

@misc{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_fuentesandinodiana_2017_1,
  title = {Regionalized flood frequency analysis: the index-flood and the GRADEX methods combination},
  author = {Fuentes-Andino, Diana and Beven, Keith and Quesada, Beatriz and Halldin, Sven and Xu, Chong-Yu and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano},
  year = {2017},
  language = {eng}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_strandkari_2011,
  title = {Mineralogical content of a catastrophic flooding deposit of the Arctic Ocean: implications for provenance and sediment transport pathways during MIS 4},
  author = {Strand, Kari and Poikolainen, J. and Köykkä, J. and Löwemark, Ludvig and Jakobsson, Martin},
  year = {2011},
  journal = {APEX Fith International Conference and Workshop: Quaternary Glacial and Climate Extremes},
  pages = {67--67},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: The Univeristy Centre at Svalbard (UNIS)},
  keywords = {marine geoscience; marin geovetenskap}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_nyberglars_2012,
  title = {How to reduce flood risks in Lake Vänern - A sustainability perspective},
  author = {Nyberg, Lars and Evers, Mariele and Dahlström, Margareta and Pettersson, Andreas},
  year = {2012},
  language = {eng}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_widerlundanders_2001,
  title = {Flooding of sulphidic mine tailings as a remediation method at Kristineberg, northern Sweden},
  author = {Widerlund, Anders and Holmström, Henning and Öhlander, Björn and Andersson, Anders},
  year = {2001},
  journal = {Securing the future},
  pages = {906--914},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Stockholm : Swedish Mining Association},
  keywords = {applied geology; tillämpad geologi}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bjrkvaldlouise_2007,
  title = {Influence of landscape type on trace metals in small boreal catchments},
  author = {Björkvald, Louise and Borg, Hans and Laudon, Hjalmar and Mörth, Carl-Magnus},
  year = {2007},
  journal = {Geochimica et cosmochimica acta 71 (15) A95 Suppl. S. Aug 2007},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {trace metals; boreal catchments; spring flood; landscape type; exogenous earth sciences},
  abstract = {We studied temporal and spatial variations of trace metal (TM) concentrations (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ge, La, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sc, and Y) in stream water and their correlation with catchment properties (i.e. coverage of wetland and forest), but also with Fe and Mn. During 2004 and 2005 water samples were collected from 10 streams (0.13 km2 to 67 km2) in the Krycklan Catchment Study, a boreal stream network in northern Sweden. Since spring snowmelt is the most important hydrological event, the monthly sampling was intensified during spring flood (April-May) when samples were collected every second day. Total and dissolved (<0.4µm) concentrations of Fe and Mn were determined by ICP-OES. Dissolved concentrations of TM were determined by ICP-MS.Preliminary results show a seasonal variation for all TM, in particular during spring flood. In forested catchments most TM concentrations increased at spring flood, but for Rb and Sc a decrease was observed. Conversely, in wetland influenced catchments the opposite seasonal variation was observed, i.e. concentrations of all TM decreased by a factor of 2 to 3. The seasonal variation of Fe shows a similar pattern to many TM, due to the association of TM to Fe oxyhydroxides. In particular, Fe correlates significantly with Cr and Pb in a forested headwater stream (r2=0.77 and r2=0.71, respectively, p<0.05). In the wetland headwater stream similar correlations between Fe and TM are found, but DOC also correlates significantly with As, Cd, Ni, and Pb (r2=0.92, p<0.05).A significant negative correlation (p<0.05) was observed between coverage of wetlands and average concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ge, Ni, Sc and Y. The results indicate that wetlands act as sinks for these elements. Alternatively, there is a source limitation in wetlands and that increased concentrations during base flow are due to mineral groundwater influence. Positive correlation with wetland coverage was only observed for Pb (r2=0.79, p<0.05), indicating that wetlands acts as a source for this element. Sulfate concentrations correlated negatively (r2=0.97, p<0.05) with increasing coverage of wetlands, which highlights the importance of sulfate reduction within wetland areas.This study emphasizes the importance of considering stream water chemistry from a landscape perspective.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_finnmartin_2014,
  title = {Climate in the eastern Mediterranean during the Holocene and beyond – A Peloponnesian perspective},
  author = {Finné, Martin},
  year = {2014},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University},
  keywords = {stable isotopes; u-th dating; stalagmites; climate variability; flooding history; eastern mediterranean; southern greece; holocene; pleistocene},
  abstract = {This thesis contributes increased knowledge about climate variability during the late Quaternary in the eastern Mediterranean. Results from a paleoclimate review reveal that regional wetter conditions from 6000 to 5400 years BP were replaced by a less wet period from 5400 to 4600 years BP and to fully arid conditions around 4600 years BP. The data available, however, show that there is not enough evidence to support the notion of a widespread climate event with rapidly drying conditions in the region around 4200 years ago. The review further highlights the lack of paleoclimate data from the archaeologically rich Peloponnese Peninsula. This gap is addressed in this thesis by the provision of new paleoclimate records from the Peloponnese. One stalagmite from Kapsia Cave and two stalagmites from Glyfada Cave were dated and analyzed for stable oxygen (δ18O) and carbon (δ13C) isotopes. The Glyfada record covers a period from ~78 ka to ~37 ka and shows that the climate in this region responded rapidly to changes in temperatures over Greenland. During Greenland stadial (interstadial) conditions colder (warmer) and drier (wetter) conditions are reflected by depleted (enriched) δ13C-values in the speleothems. The Kapsia record covers a period from ~2900 to ~1100 years BP. A comparison between the modern stalagmite top isotopes and meteorological data shows that a main control on stalagmite δ18O is wet season precipitation amount. The δ18O record from Kapsia indicates cyclical humidity changes of close to 500 years, with rapid shifts toward wetter conditions followed by slowly developing aridity. Superimposed on this signal is a centennial signal of precipitation variability. A second speleothem from Kapsia with multiple horizons of fine sediments from past flood events intercalated with the calcite is used to develop a new, quick and non-destructive method for tracing flood events in speleothems by analyzing a thick section with an XRF core scanner.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hanguoyi_2011,
  title = {Understanding regional dynamics of vulnerability: a historical approach to the flood problem in China},
  author = {Han, Guoyi},
  year = {2011},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Clark University, Graduate School of Geography},
  abstract = {Throughout its long history, China is among the world's most flood-prone and consequently the most experienced countries in coping with floods. This is a dissertation about developing a historical approach for understanding regional dynamic change of vulnerability to flood hazards in the Chinese context, and providing an analytic base for the country's shift of its flood management strategy from the current predominant and prevalent flood control approach to a broader and more comprehensive risk management paradigm. The dissertation asks two central questions: (1) How can the changing vulnerability situation be better understood and analyzed so that the insights gained are most relevant for policy and practice? (2) What are the plausible pathways and key options for managing future flood risks in China in the context of rapid socioeconomic transition and climate change? By developing an analytical framework and a case study in the Dongting Lake area of China, and by outlining three fundamental dilemmas and three plausible pathways for managing future flood risk in China, the dissertation concludes that China needs a new flood management strategy--one that centers on vulnerability reduction and resilience building and one that embraces and internalizes variability and uncertainty in decision making. While a resilience strategy embodies a wide range of opportunities for long-term sustainable flood risk prevention and mitigation, the dissertation argues further that China faces major dilemmas in managing its future flood risks. Trade-offs between economic development and flood vulnerability reduction and between cooperation and tensions across diverse actors and scales cannot be escaped.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ljungbergjohan_1995,
  title = {Geochemical studies of flooding as treatment method of mine waste at the Stekenjokk mine, Sweden},
  author = {Ljungberg, Johan and Öhlander, Björn},
  year = {1995},
  journal = {Abstracts of oral and poster presentations},
  pages = {122},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Turku : Åbo Akademi University Press},
  keywords = {applied geology; tillämpad geologi}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_tengberganna_2023,
  title = {Could Flood Risk Management Measures contribute to a Sustainable Blue Economy in Somalia?: Literature Review and Case Study from the Juba and Shabelle Basin},
  author = {Tengberg, Anna and Wikman, Anna and Yusuf Ali, Hussein and Anwar Seid, Hanan},
  year = {2023},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Havs- och vattenmyndigheten},
  keywords = {floods; river; control measures; blue economy; fisheries; livestock; agriculture; ports and shipping as well as energy and tourism},
  abstract = {Somalia experiences cyclic droughts every two to three years accompanied by devastating floods, particularly in the Southwestern regions. The floods occur when the Juba and Shabelle rivers burst their banks, affecting the livelihoods of about 1.8 million people. Flood control measures are therefore urgently needed, but their impacts on downstream communities and ecosystems have not been analyzed.This study therefore aims to investigate how floods and different control measures in the Juba and Shabelle river basins, including mitigation and prevention measures affect the coastal environment and the development of a sustainable blue economy in Somalia.A mixed-methods approach was used combining reviews of academic as well as grey literature on flood risk management and the Blue Economy of relevance to Somalia, with a questionnaire survey and interviews with local stakeholders in the central Juba-Shabelle River basin as well as key informants from international development partners. However, the literature and data from Somalia covering the targeted watersheds and rivers are limited, which has impacted the results and what is feasible to recommend.Key Blue Economy sectors considered important include fisheries, livestock and agriculture, ports and shipping as well as energy and tourism. All sectors have been affected by floods and associated pollution, but especially small-scale fisheries.This study has identified the following recommendations on actions to address challenges related to flood risk management and development of the Blue Economy in Somalia:The enabling environment needs to be strengthened to allow for multi-level policy implementation that links state-level and federal institutions and involve local communities and civil society.The destruction and decay of water infrastructure needs to be addressed as well as the very serious pollution related to solid waste, untreated sewage and chemicals from hospitals and farms from upstream sources of the Juba-Shabelle Rivers that also affects coastal areas and threatens small-scale fisheries.To strengthen the conditions for the Blue Economy, there are opportunities to implement more nature-based solutions and work with landscape features, such as forests, dunes and reefs.Planning and preparedness also need to be improved and a flood risk management strategy developed.Information, data sharing and monitoring should be strengthened and transboundary cooperation with Ethiopia pursued through for example transboundary water diplomacy and other security and reconciliation mechanisms.To save artisanal fisheries, the Juba and Shabelle Rivers need to be cleaned, and laws need to be enacted to reduce waste and pollution from upstream sources.The coastal area needs to be cleaned up and stabilized through use of landscape features and nature-based solutions, such as dune stabilization, planting of trees, mangroves and sea grass, and protection of natural habitats, such as wetlands, mangroves and coral reefs, building on analysis conducted by UNEP.Governance approaches that link upstream floods with downstream impacts are required, where multi-level and multi-scale governance arrangements can account for links across sectors and scales.Environmental flows should also be considered to ensure conservation of natural habitats important for regulation of water flows downstream and for conservation of biodiversity and provision of fish spawning grounds and nurseries, such as mangroves, coral reefs and sea grass beds.Trade-offs need to be considered between socio-economic benefits from development of the Blue Economy downstream with upstream flood risk management priorities and measures. Consideration must also be given to the effects of climate change and the ongoing drought.In general, Somalia is at the early stages of readiness and awareness raising on source-to-sea linkages and the need for a holistic approach to development challenges.However, as some progress has been made with coordination between sectors and development of a shared vision for FRM through the Hiiraan/Beledweyne Flood Committee and the federal Flood Risk Management Committee, the source-to-sea approach could be piloted in the Juba-Shabelle basin for priority flows of pollutants and waste that are threatening the development of the Blue Economy through capacity building of key stakeholders, action planning and development of monitoring and accountability mechanisms, building on ongoing support from UNDP, FAO and the World Bank.}
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_voughtlena_2000,
  title = {Multipurpose channels in urban flood control - case study - Vientiane, Lao PDR.},
  author = {Vought, Lena and Lacoursière, Jean and Larsson, R},
  year = {2000},
  journal = {Hydrologic and Environmental Modelling in the Mekong basin},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Mekong River Commission Publication},
  abstract = {Abstract is not available}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_nyberglars_2014,
  title = {Sustainability aspects of water regulation and flood risk reduction in Lake Vänern},
  author = {Nyberg, Lars and Evers, Mariele and Dahlström, Margareta and Pettersson, Andreas},
  year = {2014},
  journal = {Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management},
  volume = {4},
  number = {17},
  pages = {331--340},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Taylor & Francis},
  keywords = {values; ecosystem; integration; sustainable development; risk- och miljöstudier; risk and environmental studies},
  abstract = {A modern feature of flood risk management is to integrate ecological, economic and social aspects in risk prevention and mitigation. Risk-reducing measures can be in conflict with ecosystem functions and complicate upstream/downstream relations. Flood risks are also influenced by processes in the catchment, such as changes in climate and land-use, or increases of vulnerable urban areas. Lake Vänern in Sweden has high ecological and social values but is also flood-prone, which in this article has been analyzed from a perspective of sustainable development. Lake Vänern and the Göta älv River are used for drinking water supply, shipping, hydropower production, fishing, tourism, as a recipient for industries and wastewater plants, etc. The flood risks are connected to landslide and industrial risks. One interest at stake is the drinking water supply for 800,000 persons in the Gothenburg region. According to climate scenarios, flood risks will increase in the 21st century due to increased precipitation. Recent studies in the region were used to identify relevant interests and values connected to Lake Vänern. The study reveals differing interests in relation to water level regimes. From a flood protection perspective (risks around the lake and downstream to Gothenburg) a low and stable water level is beneficial. For shipping and hydropower, a stable medium-high water level is wanted, whereas from an ecosystem and landscape development perspective larger water level amplitudes are optimal. One out of a few reasons for this is the need to prevent a massive increase in vegetation in coastal areas. There are good reasons to have a broad decision-support, representing different values and interests, when the permanent water regulation scheme will be decided. This study also addresses the potential to reconcile the concept of flood risk management with that of a sustainable development.},
  issn = {1463-4988}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_lundgrenkajsa_2017,
  title = {Planning support for reducing risks related to flooding in the Stockholm Region},
  author = {Lundgren, Kajsa and Kalantari, Zahra and Mörtberg, Ulla and Samuelsson, Henny},
  year = {2017},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {land and water resources engineering; mark- och vattenteknik},
  abstract = {The urbanization trend during the last decades have several environmental impacts, particularly associated with increasing runoff and flood hazard, and decreasing water quality. These topics have been investigated all around the world, but relatively little is known about the impacts of urban development at the early stage of the urban planning in cities. This project aims to develop planning support tools for addressing impacts of different urbanization patterns in alternative planning scenarios on surface water within the City of Stockholm, the capital of Sweden.With the help of urban planners at the municipality, alternative future urban scenarios will be created and assessed from a hydro-meteorological risk assessment perspective. The scenarios will include alternative development patterns for buildings, infrastructure and supply of several regulating and cultural ecosystem services. For the water-related risk assessment, a hydrological model will be set up and validated using available data for a selected catchment that is affected by the scenarios. This will then be used to assess the impacts of the scenarios on the hydrological response and its implications. In the end, the results are expected to contribute to identifying how localization and type of different ecosystem services in the urban planning can be employed as nature-based solutions for hydro-meteorological risk reduction and climate adaptation.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_sjbergviktor_2025,
  title = {Release of Uranium from a Former Iron Mine, 30 Years after Flooding},
  author = {Sjöberg, Viktor and Allard, Bert},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Proceedings of the International Mine Water Association Conference},
  pages = {886--890},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: International Mine Water Association},
  keywords = {uranium; mine water; environmental impact; biogeochemical processes; environmental risks},
  abstract = {The Stripa mine, located in Bergslagen, Sweden operated from the Middle Ages until 1977 and later served as a research facility for SKB until 1991, after which it was flooded. Recent studies show a notable increase in uranium concentrations in the mine water, reaching nearly 1 mg/L at 200 m depth, compared to historical levels of 10 mu g/L. This increase is linked to uranium(IV) oxidation by elevated dissolved oxygen. Further research should investigate key biogeochemical processes controlling uranium transport and long-term environmental persistence. The findings highlight regional environmental risks, including potential contamination of wells, emphasizing the mine's long-term environmental impact.}
}

@mastersthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bjrkvaldlouise_2007_1,
  title = {Hydrogeochemistry of Fe and Mn in small boreal catchments},
  author = {Björkvald, Louise},
  year = {2007},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {hydrogeochemistry; fe; mn; boreal catchments; spring flood},
  abstract = {It is suggested that the overall understanding of the general hydrogeochemistry of a region is best understood from a landscape perspective. If so, this can provide useful information when planning monitoring programmes and influence of human activity. In this thesis the influence of landscape properties on iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) is investigated.Iron and manganese are abundant in the Earth’s crust but occur in relatively low concentrations in most aquatic systems, due to the low solubility of their thermodynamically stable oxidation states (Fe(III) and (Mn(IV)). The hydrogeochemistry of iron and manganese is important, since their  naturally occurring oxyhydroxides exhibit a strong adsorption affinity for trace elements. Moreover, the redox transformations of iron and manganese occur at pH and Eh (redox potential) boundaries found in natural waters.We investigated the hydrogeochemistry of iron and manganese in a boreal stream network of 15 streams, located in Västerbotten, Sweden. Water samples were collected on a frequent basis during 2004 and 2005, from 15 sub-catchments of the Krycklan catchment (67 km2). Total (unfiltered) and dissolved (<0.4µm) concentrations of iron and manganese were used to investigate the influence of landscape types (i.e. percentage cover of wetlands and forest) on the spatial and temporal variations of these elements.We found that iron correlates significantly with percentage of wetland and also with dissolved organic carbon (DOC). For manganese we did not observe a significant correlation with wetlands, which indicates that this element is less dependent on organic matter in comparison to iron. In particular, the correlation of the Fe/Al ratio to wetlands was highly significant (r2=0.92, p<0.01). However, principal component analyses indicate that iron, during peak discharge at spring flood, is not correlated with wetlands. During this period iron instead correlates with soil variables (i.e. silt) which highlights the importance of particulates during high discharge events.Since the naturally occurring oxyhydroxides have a strong adsorption affinity for other trace elements it is of great importance to further increase the knowledge of how these elements interact with iron and manganese in relation to the landscape composition. Further analyses of relations between trace metals (e.g. Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Pb), and iron and manganese, but also between trace metals and landscape composition, will highlight the importance of studying the hydrogeochemistry from a landscape perspective.}
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ernerotjacqueline_2018,
  title = {Risky spaces, vulnerable households, and mobile lives in Laos: Quo vadis flooding and migration?},
  author = {Ernerot, Jacqueline},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Living with Floods in a Mobile Southeast Asia : A Political Ecology of Vulnerability, Migration and Environmental Change},
  pages = {63--88},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Taylor and Francis},
  abstract = {This chapter details how different sources of vulnerability underpin flooding and migration in Laos, based on field research in areas where sudden-onset and long-duration floods occur. It highlights how the intersection of flooding and migration is far from straightforward. Heavy reliance on agriculture increases susceptibility to the vagaries of the weather and heightens the risk of flooding, as reflected in the 2011 and 2012 flooding episodes. The decision to migrate may be shaped by a number of considerations including in situ vulnerability factors, assets available to households, and the overall livelihood strategies of the household. In the case of flooding and migration in Laos, four villages in two provinces at different altitudes were studied to explore how vulnerability manifests and are constructed in Laos by communities and households in different resource and environmental contexts. Migration was also made easier by the presence of personal or family networks in Thailand and the existence of brokers.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_shumlyanskyyleonid_2004,
  title = {New geochemical and geochronological data from the Volyn Flood Basalt in Ukraine and correlation with large igneous events in Baltoscandia},
  author = {Shumlyanskyy, Leonid and Andréasson, Per-Gunnar},
  year = {2004},
  journal = {GFF},
  number = {126},
  pages = {85--86},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Taylor & Francis},
  issn = {2000-0863}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dibaldassarregiuliano_2018,
  title = {An interdisciplinary research agenda to explore the unintended consequences of structural flood protection},
  author = {Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Kreibich, Heidi and Vorogushyn, Sergiy and Aerts, Jeroen and Arnbjerg-Nielsen, Karsten and Barendrecht, Marlies and Borga, M. and Bates, Paul and Borga, Marco and Botzen, Wouter},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2018, vol. 22, num. 11, p. 5629-5637},
  language = {eng}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_krsmanovipetar_2025,
  title = {How often did the Sava River flood in the past? A sedimentological and chronological investigation of terrace overbank sediments, Šabac (Serbia)},
  author = {Krsmanović, Petar and Constantin, Daniela and Timar-Gabor, Alida and Avram, Anka and Galić, Zoran and Feurdean, Angelica and Perić, Zoran and Marković, Slobodan B.},
  year = {2025},
  language = {eng},
  abstract = {In this study, we investigated overbank sediments of the first terrace of Sava river in Šabac, exposed at a residential building construction site. Sediment characteristics such as grain size, magnetic susceptibility, chemical composition, and loss on ignition (LOI) at 550 °C and 950 °C were determined at 5 cm resolution, accompanied by visual inspection to assess color, pedogenic structure, and other pedogenic features. A total of eight samples were dated using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) at two grain-size fractions (4–11 μm and 63–90 μm). The obtained ages were used to calculate mass accumulation rates (MAR). The profile is 2.25 m thick and composed predominantly of clayey loam. The modern soil developed at the site is an anthropogenically modified cambisol, containing a 75 cm thick terric horizon that differs in sedimentological characteristics from the rest of the profile. It is characterized by a higher sand content and increased LOI at 950 °C. The lowermost horizon of this cambisol extends into the late pleistocene, indicating downward progression of the cambic B horizon. The obtained OSL ages reach up to ~32 ka. High MAR values persist until ~19 ka, after which they decrease and remain low toward the present, suggesting incision of the Sava River and subsequent abandonment of this (now former) floodplain. Two peaks in MAR at ~25 ka and ~32 ka correspond to periods of intensified melting of the Alpine ice sheet, indicating that enhanced meltwater discharge led to increased flooding and more rapid accumulation of overbank sediments. The investigated sequence does not record the melting event that occurred around ~28 ka.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_achbergerchristine_2013,
  title = {Future rainfall and flooding in Sweden: an integrative project to support climate-adaptation actions},
  author = {Achberger, Christine and Chen, Deliang and Rayner, David and Nyberg, Lars and Persson, Gunn},
  year = {2013},
  language = {eng}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_jnssonkarin_2003,
  title = {Possibilities to reconstruct long-term changes in flood disturbances in the boreal riparian zone.},
  author = {Jönsson, Karin},
  year = {2003},
  journal = {The Ecology and Management of Wood in World Rivers},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Bethesda, Maryland : American Fisheries Society},
  keywords = {dendrohydrology}
}

@misc{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_sandermikkel_2003,
  title = {A 2000 year long record of snowmelt flood derived from a clastic varved sequence and its relation to snowpack changes, in central Sweden},
  author = {Sander, Mikkel and Holmquist, Björn and Wohlfarth, Barbara and Cato, Ingemar},
  year = {2003},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Lund University, Quaternary Geology, Department of Geology}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_jonerholmkatarina_2025,
  title = {Hur ska Nybodadepån skyddas från översvämning och vad blir konsekvenserna om vi inte gör något?},
  author = {Jonerholm, Katarina and Sjöholm, Rikard},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Sammanställning av referat från Transportforum 2025},
  pages = {366--367},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut},
  abstract = {Trafikförvaltningen har under år 2024 genomfört en detaljerad modellering över översvämningssituationen för Nyboda buss- och spårdepå inom Stockholms stad. Depån är särskilt viktig då den försörjer stora trafikområden för både tunnelbanan och buss. Analysen adresserar centrala frågeställningar som hela klimatanpassningssverige brottas med: Till vilken nivå ska verksamheten skyddas? Eller med omvänd frågeställning: Vilken nivå av riskacceptans är vi villiga att ha? Vilken verksamhet ska prioriteras framför den andra, kan staden acceptera lösningarna som behövs?Skyfallssimuleringar har genomförts för 100 årsregn och 200 årsregn med en klimatfaktor på 1,4, samt ett 1000 årsregn utan klimatfaktor, för en stor buss- och spårdepå inom Stockholms stad. Det sistnämnda regnet kan i dagligt tal sägas vara ”Gävleregnet”, som föll augusti år 2021 och spolade bort vägar och ställde stora bostadsområden helt under vatten. Trafikförvaltningen ser behov av att skydda infrastrukturen för högre återkomsttider än 100 årsregn, framförallt genom dialog och benchmark med bland annat Transport for London och Metroselskabet i Köpenhamn. Även konsekvenser för stadens vägar vid införande av skyddsåtgärder har analyserats. Översvämningsutbredning (vattendjup och flödesvägar) har analyserats med det hydrauliska modelleringsverktyget TUFLOW.Depån ligger i en lokal lågpunkt i ett stort avrinningsområde på ca 120 hektar. Redan vid ett 100 årsregn kan vattendjup på upp mot 0,5 meter uppstå i stora delar av depån inklusive vattenfyllda källare, och de kraftigare regnen gör situationen ännu värre. Direkta konsekvenser vid en översvämning inom depån som skulle uppstå utgörs bland annat av: elavbrott, längre bortfall av verkstadsfunktion för både tunnelbanan och bussfordon, längre bortfall av laddfunktion för elbussar, potentiellt skadade spårfordon och bussar, och därmed mångmiljonkostnader för reparationer och långa återställandetider. Långvariga störningar i trafiken som detta bedöms medföra utgörs bland annat av: Minskad turtäthet och inställda avgångar/indragna busslinjer inom hela busstrafikavtalet under flera månader. Samma geografiska område som bussavtalet trafikerar påverkas dessutom dubbelt negativt eftersom hela röda linjen drabbas.}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hieronymusm_2021,
  title = {Southern Baltic sea level extremes: tide gauge data, historic storms and confidence intervals},
  author = {Hieronymus, M. and Hieronymus, Fredrik},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Boreal Environment Research},
  number = {26},
  pages = {79--87},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {rise; environmental sciences & ecology},
  abstract = {Knowledge of extreme sea levels is important when planning housing developments and other infrastructure in coastal locations. The natural science basis of such plans are often return level-return period plots derived from tide gauge records that typically stretch from a few decades to a century. Coastal planners, however. often require return levels associated with return periods that are much longer than these tide gauge records in their planning. Moreover, return level estimates are known to be sensitive to outliers and can have significant biases. Here, we quantify different confidence intervals that arc applicable to such return level estimates. and discuss their usability for coastal planning in the context of historic data from the Baltic Sea flood in 1872. Two types of commonly used confidence intervals are found to be too narrow to capture a plausible range that includes the 1872 Baltic Sea flood. A parametric bootstrapping method is then introduced, which gives a reasonable range even when this extreme flood is considered.},
  issn = {1239-6095}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_chenaifang_2020,
  title = {Tropical cyclone induced extreme wind, rainfall, and floods in the Mekong River Basin},
  author = {Chen, Aifang},
  year = {2020},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Göteborgs universitet},
  keywords = {mekong river basin; climate extremes; tropical cyclones; precipitation; floods; satellite data; reanalysis data},
  abstract = {Increasing magnitude and frequency of climate extremes under global warming are threatening the socioeconomic development in many parts of the world. The Mekong River Basin (MRB) is a good example for how climate extremes can affect society, as the transboundary MRB has experienced hydroclimate changes and fast socioeconomic development during the past decades. The MRB is a flood-prone area with high flood induced mortality, where heavy monsoon rainfall and tropical cyclones (TCs) landfall are the two main determinants of floods. This thesis focuses on change in TCs and their associated impacts on extreme wind, rainfall, and floods in the MRB. Findings from this thesis provide our knowledge and understanding of TCs and their impacts, which are needed to mitigate potential consequences of global warming in the MRB and other areas facing similar challenges.  Employing reliable precipitation data, this thesis finds that TC induced rainfall plays a minor role in the annual mean precipitation in the MRB. But TCs are crucial to the occurrence of extreme rainfall events, especially at the eastern lower basin, where TCs can induce floods along their tracks. TC induced floods amount to 24.6% of all flood occurrence in the lower riparian countries. TC induced floods cause higher impacts on human mortality and displacement rates than the average of floods induced by all possible causes do. Moreover, future projection shows increases in the future TC intensity under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario.  Overall, this thesis reveals that climate extremes, such as TC associated rainfall and floods, can substantially affect society, in terms of high TC induced extreme rainfall and great human mortality and displacement rates caused by TC induced floods; and the projected future intensified TCs indicate increasing TC risks.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_rydellbengt_2011,
  title = {Hållbar utveckling av strandnära områden: Planerings- och beslutsunderlag för att förebygga naturolyckor i ett förändrat klimat},
  author = {Rydell, Bengt and Persson, Mats and Andersson, Mattias and Falemo, Stefan},
  year = {2011},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {Statens geotekniska institut},
  keywords = {earth sciences},
  abstract = {Strandnära områden vid kuster och vattendrag är av stort intresse och många kommuner planerar och bygger i stor utsträckning i sådana områden. Detta kan i flera fall medföra problem med stranderosion och översvämningar med risk för skador på värdefulla markområden, anläggningar och byggnader. I ett längre perspektiv kommer riskerna för erosion och översvämning i strandnära områden att öka till följd av klimatförändringar- na. I Klimat- och sårbarhetsutredningen konstaterades att längs ca 15 % av landets havskuster finns förutsättningar för stranderosion. På många platser kommer nederbör- den att öka och ge större flöden i vattendrag, vilket också ökar risker för ras och skred och översvämning.Under årens lopp har olika metoder använts för att skydda strandnära områden med va- rierande framgång såväl tekniskt som ekonomiskt. Nya synsätt och nya metoder har på senare tid vuxit fram som på ett bättre sätt tar hänsyn till naturens egna processer och som på ett kostnadseffektivt sätt tar hänsyn till ett bredare synsätt när det gäller miljö- aspekter. Behovet av ett tillförlitligt planerings- och beslutsunderlag för ny bebyggelse och anpassning av befintlig bebyggd miljö är därför stort. En modell för sammanställ- ning av ett sådant underlag har därför utvecklats och redovisas i denna rapport.Denna modell har prövats i praktisk tillämpning vid regionala klimat- och sårbarhets- analyser i flera län och vid översikts- och detaljplanering i Kristianstads och Ystads kommuner, vilka även delfinansierat studierna i respektive kommun.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_beerythomas_2024,
  title = {Landscape Identity, Well-Being, and Climate-Driven Disturbances in Southern Sweden},
  author = {Beery, Thomas},
  year = {2024},
  language = {swe},
  abstract = {Climate-driven disturbances, including changing water levels, increased precipitation and flooding, intensified storms, and water shortages and droughts are threatening the sustainability of communities in southern Sweden. However, our understanding of how individuals experience and adapt to such disturbances is limited, especially as it relates to how place theory, and in particular landscape identity, can help foster enhanced well-being for vulnerable communities. The objective of this study is to understand how individuals of Skåne, Sweden identify with their local environment, and how that identity has changed, or will be changed, as a result of a changing climate. A better understanding of people-place relationships is needed; specifically, how people identify with local landscapes because of the long-standing body of knowledge related to place identity, and the growing scholarship on the use of landscape as a conceptual framework for climate adaptation and mitigation, especially supportingwell-being.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_fosterkean_2019,
  title = {Hydrological Seasonal Forecasting},
  author = {Foster, Kean},
  year = {2019},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Water Resources Engineering, Lund University},
  abstract = {In Sweden, almost half of the electricity produced comes from hydropower. However, the amount of water in the reservoir catchments is not evenly distributed throughout the year. During the colder months, precipitation usually falls as snow and accumulates into a snowpack. This frozen water is not available to the energy producers until the spring snow melt when as much as 70% of the annual discharge will be generated. This can create a situation where there is a shortage of water resources during the winter when demand and energy prices are high, and a surplus during the spring and summer when demand and prices are lower. Hydropower plant operators try to minimize this asymmetric distribution through regulation of reservoir storages and hydrological forecasts are crucial for this. However, the predominant method for hydrological seasonal forecasting of the spring flood period in Scandinavia is the Ensemble Streamflow Prediction (ESP) approach. ESP uses historical observations of precipitation and temperaturefrom previous years (a so-called historical ensemble) to force the hydrological model. The problem is that these forecasts are climatological in character, i.e. it performs well when the weather during the forecast period evolves normally, however if the development of weather conditions is not "normal", the season forecast will be more or less wrong. The thesis of this work is that it is possible to improve seasonal forecasts so that they still have skill even when the weather deviates from the normal climate during the forecast period. By better understanding what affects the variability in the hydrology and using that information to inform how to modifying or replace the ESP forecasting approach, it is possible to real skilful improvements over the ESP. In this work it is shown that the variability in selected teleconnection patterns are the leading source of variability in the seasonal discharge. In the case of the spring flood period in northern Sweden, these are the North Atlantic Oscillation, ArcticOscillation, and Scandinavian pattern. With the help of information garnered by investigating these connections it is possible to modify different forecast modelling chains, that on their own show limited (if any) skill over ESP, and combine them into a multi-chain forecast system that does show skill over the ESP. A multi-model made up of three different individual modelling chains, using a simple weighting scheme to combine them, is able to improve the general skill of spring flood volume forecasts and improve their ability to predict non-normal events}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ramanathanal_2012,
  title = {Arsenic in groundwaters of the central Gangetic plain regions of India},
  author = {Ramanathan, A. L. and Tripathi, P. and Kumar, M. and Kumar, A. and Kumar, P. and Bhattacharya, Prosun},
  year = {2012},
  journal = {Understanding the Geological and Medical Interface of Arsenic, As 2012 - 4th International Congress: Arsenic in the Environment},
  pages = {63--64},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Taylor & Francis Group},
  abstract = {Groundwater from central Gangetic plain regions contains arsenic (As) concentrations few tens of time higher than the drinking water guideline value (10 μg/L) prescribed by the World Health Organization. The concentration of As near an inland lake was high where as it was moderate to low in the interior flood plains. The intermediate and deeper aquifers have higher As concentrations compared to shallow aquifers. These aquifers seem to be particularly at risk, due to the prevailing geochemical conditions in which oxidized and reduced waters mix, and where the amount of sulfate available for microbial reduction seem to be limited. The severity of As contamination necessitates restricted use of groundwater or look for alternative water sources like rivers. The rain water harvesting could be another alternative option along with a community based management and maintenance in this rural region.}
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ravesteijnwim_2012,
  title = {European and Chinese Integrated River Basin Management: experiences and perspectives},
  author = {Ravesteijn, Wim and Song, Xingqiang and Wennersten, Ronald},
  year = {2012},
  journal = {Flood Risk Assessment &amp; Management},
  pages = {59--70},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: WIT Press},
  keywords = {china; european union; floods; integrated river basin management; water framework directive; policy transfer},
  abstract = {This paper addresses Integrated River Basin Management as a solution to water stress through a comparative analysis of water management in Europe and China.It makes a preliminary assessment of the European experiences so far with the Water Framework Directive (WFD) – and the additional groundwater protection and flooding directives – on river basin management and investigates its potential value for other areas, focusing on China.Problems and possibilities of water policy transfer are investigated.The main questions to be discussed are whether the EU WFD could be made part of China’s water management regime and whether the experiences of the WFD could help China’s water managers and decision-makers to improve water management based on the principles of IRBM. We will deal with these and other questions, discussing the differences in water management and context between Europe and China.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kocadeniz_2012,
  title = {Use of Casual Loop Diagrams and Systems Analysis to Explore Alternative Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in Seyhan River Basin, Turkey},
  author = {Koca, Deniz and Sverdrup, Harald},
  year = {2012},
  journal = {Proceedings of the 30th International Conference of the System Dynamics Society},
  pages = {135--135},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: System Dynamics Society},
  abstract = {Within a UN Joint Programme titled “Enhancing the Capacity of Turkey to Adapt to Climate Change” a systems approach workshop was carried out in Adana, Turkey with broad stakeholder participation. The participants applied systems thinking approach, causal loop diagramming methodology and systems analysis to examine the potential impacts of projected climatic changes on natural ecosystems and socio-economical systems, as well as to explore the alternative adaptation strategies to cope with the potential negative outcomes of the climatic change in Seyhan River Basin. This paper synthesizes the outcomes of this workshop, identifies major climate change impacts and clarifies the priority adaptation measures for managing climate change vulnerability in the Seyhan River Basin. Availability and quality of water, and their implications for the region are considered to be the major priority area by the workshop participants. Results suggest that there is need for adaptive measures with an integrated water management perspective considering: • Availability and supply of ground/surface water to maintain natural ecosystems, the goods and services they provide, agricultural productivity and food security; • Efficient use of water for agricultural, residential and industrial purposes; • Drought and flood management; • Capacity building among the regional stakeholders in terms of climate change impacts and adaptation measures.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_sanderelin_2023,
  title = {Vatten i samhällsplaneringen},
  author = {Sander, Elin and Almqvist, Sara},
  year = {2023},
  language = {swe},
  keywords = {vatten; samhällsplanering; god bebyggd miljö; klimatförändringar; vattenförsörjning},
  abstract = {Vatten i samhällsplanering kan ses ur många olika perspektiv. Vatten är ett allmänt intresse som ska beaktas och tillgodoses i all planläggning. En god bebyggd miljö ska skapa förutsättningar för god vattenkvalitet i våra vattendrag, sjöar, grundvatten och hav och ge möjlighet till en hållbar vattenförsörjning. Vattenmyndigheten lyfter fram att det i Södra Östersjöns vattendistrikt finns stora utmaningar i alla typer av vatten och det gäller såväl vattenkvalitet, förändrade flöden och onaturliga konstruktioner som påverkar växt- och djurlivet i vatten som att det ska finnas vatten i tillräcklig mängd –varken för lite eller för mycket på en gång.Förväntade konsekvenser av klimatförändringar såsom ökad nederbörd och fler perioder med torka innebär stora utmaningar för vattenförvaltning och dricksvattenförsörjning samt för hantering av dag- och spillvatten. Gotlands vattenförsörjning är mycket sårbar och redan idag utgör torka och vattenbrist problem som dessutom förväntas förvärras i takt med ett förändrat klimat.Syftet med vägledningen är att underlätta för planhandläggare att integrera vattenfrågorna i såväl detaljplaner (DP) som översiktsplaner (ÖP) och fördjupade översiktsplaner (FÖP). Vägledningen är tänkt att underlätta för att i samhällsplaneringen ta hänsyn till och bidra till flera av de nationella miljömålen och målen i Agenda 2030.I vägledningen finns en checklista för hantering av olika vattenfrågor i samhällsplaneringen så som miljökvalitetsnormer, dagvatten, skyfall och översvämning. Checklistan med referenser till olika planeringsunderlag är tänkt att hjälpa planhandläggare att säkerställa att nödvändiga utredningar och frågor i planarbetet finns med i ett tidigt skede.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ketzerjoomarcelomedina_2002,
  title = {Diagenesis and Sequence Stratigraphy: an integrated approach to constrain evolution of reservoir quality in sandstones},
  author = {Ketzer, João Marcelo Medina},
  year = {2002},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis},
  keywords = {earth sciences; mineralogi; petrologi och tektonik; mineral chemistry; petrology and tectonics},
  abstract = {Diagenesis and sequence stratigraphy have been formally treated as two separate disciplines in sedimentary petrology. This thesis demonstrates that synergy between these two subjects can be used to constrain evolution of reservoir quality in sandstones. Such integrated approach is possible because sequence stratigraphy provides useful information on parameters such as pore water chemistry, residence time of sediments under certain geochemistry conditions, and detrital composition, which ultimately control diagenesis of sandstones.Evidence from five case studies and from literature, enabled the development of a conceptual model for the spatial and temporal distribution of diagenetic alterations and related evolution of reservoir quality in sandstones deposited in paralic environments. Diagenetic alterations that have been constrained within the context of sequence stratigraphy include: (i) formation of kaolinite and intragranular porosity, and mechanical infiltration of clay minerals in sandstones lying at variable depths below sequence boundaries, (ii) formation of pseudomatrix and cementation by calcite, dolomite, and siderite in lag deposits at parasequence boundaries, (iii) cementation by kaolinite, pyrite, and calcite in sandstones lying in the vicinity of parasequence boundaries with coal deposits, (iv) formation of glaucony in condensed interval at parasequence boundaries, transgressive and maximum flooding surfaces, (v) formation of berthierine in fluvial-dominated deltaic deposits of the highstand systems tract, (vi) cementation by calcite in bioclastic sandstones of the transgressive systems tract, and (vii) formation of kaolinite in fluvial deposits of the lowstand systems tract. The distribution of such alterations put important constrains for the pattern of burial diagenesis (e.g., formation of chlorite, illite, quartz), related evolution of reservoir quality in sandstones, and distribution of baffles and barriers for fluid flow in the context of sequence stratigraphy.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_nilssonjanhenrik_2021,
  title = {Developing urban tourism in green infrastructure},
  author = {Nilsson, Jan-Henrik and Johansson, Michael},
  year = {2021},
  language = {eng},
  abstract = {Urban tourism depends on the place specific qualities of destinations. In many cities, climate change poses a threat to these qualities, through increasing risk of excessive heat, draught and flooding. Cities need to adapt to reduce these risks. One way of doing this is to improve their green infrastructure. Urban forests, parks, rivers and wetlands may help reduce the effects of climate change in cities. At the same time, green infrastructure provide a variety of ecosystem services to the community. In particular, cultural ecosystem services such as recreation, and esthetical values take place in urban green infrastructure; they provide value in the form of improved experiences. These mainly benefit the locals but they may also be important for tourism. Such relations between ecosystem services and tourism have in earlier literature been recognized in rural contexts but very seldom in urban. This paper reports preliminary findings from qualitative case studies in Malmö, Lund, and Helsingborg in the South of Sweden. They focus on how urban planning projects (primarily aimed at mitigating GHG emissions and adapting to climate change) can be extended to develop places where experience values for both residents and visitors are created alongside other kinds of ecosystem services. We suggest that the need for climate change adaptation in a city may be used as a means to improve its place specific qualities as a tourist destination. By developing green infrastructure in innovative and environmentally friendly ways, the quality of ecosystem services improves, including those relevant for both visitors and residents. Protecting and building green infrastructure, thereby enhancing a city´s visible qualities and its reputation as a sustainable destination, may also be valuable in marketing the city.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_smedbergerik_2008,
  title = {Linking landscape variables, hydrology and weathering regime in Taiga and Tundra ecoregions of Northern Sweden},
  author = {Smedberg, Erik},
  year = {2008},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Institutionen för tillämpad miljövetenskap (ITM)},
  keywords = {taiga and tundra; high-latitude; carbon fluxes; weathering; hydrological alterations; earth sciences; applied environmental science; tillämpad miljövetenskap},
  abstract = {High-latitude watersheds have been regarded as a carbon sink with soil carbon accumulating at low temperature. This sink is now believed to turn into a source, acting as positive feedback to climate warming. However, thawing permafrost soils would allow more water to percolate down to deeper soil layers where some of the carbon could be “consumed” in weathering and exported as bicarbonate to the sea. Using a hydrological mixing model showed that this could counterbalance the predicted positive feedback resulting from thawing soils.Vegetation-covered riparian zones in headwater areas appear to have a significant role for the dissolved constituent fluxes. Higher concentrations of weathering products are found in taiga and tundra rivers with larger areas of forest and peat cover in the watershed. These landscape elements can thus be regarded as “hot spots” of river loading with dissolved constituents.Comparing a regulated and an unregulated river tested the hypothesis that damming leads to a depletion of major elements also in oligotrophic river systems as a consequence of changes in landscape elements. A loss of upper soils and vegetation through inundation prevents the contact of surface waters with vegetated soil, and consequently reduces weathering fluxes. The hypothesis that the lower fluxes of dissolved silica (DSi) in the regulated river could also be explained by biological uptake was then tested using a model, and budget calculations indicate a significant reduction as a result of regulation. About 10% of this reduction can be attributed to the flooding of the fluvial corridor and the rest to diatom blooms in the reservoirs. A more detailed study of landscape elements for the headwaters of the river Luleälven showed that only 3% of the surface area has been inundated by reservoirs but ca. 37% of the deciduous forest. Such a significant loss of hot spots may indeed explain the observed lower DSi fluxes in the regulated watersheds of northern Sweden.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kalefamohamed_2005,
  title = {Diagenesis and Sequence Stratigraphy: Predictive Models for Reservoir Quality Evolution of Fluvial and Glaciogenic and Non-glaciogenic, Paralic Deposits},
  author = {Kalefa, Mohamed},
  year = {2005},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis},
  keywords = {earth sciences; siliciclastic diagenesis; sequence stratigraphy; glacial and non-glacial; fluvial; paralic and shallow marine},
  abstract = {Development of a predictive model for the distribution of diagenetic alterations and related evolution of reservoir quality of sandstones was achieved by integrating the knowledge of diagenesis to sequence stratigraphy. This approach allows a better elucidation of the distribution of eogenetic alterations within sequence stratigraphy, because changes in the relative sea level induce changes to: (i) pore water chemistry, (ii) residence time of sediments under certain near-surface geochemical conditions, (iii) variations in the detrital composition, and (iv) amounts and type of organic matter.This thesis revealed that eogenetic alterations, which are linked to sequence stratigraphy and have an impact on reservoir quality evolution, include formation of: (i) pseudomatrix and mechanically infiltrated clays in fluvial sandstones of the lowstand and highstand systems tracts (LST and HST, respectively), (ii) kaolinite in tide-dominated deltaic and foreshore-shoreface sandstones of HST, Gilbert-type deltaic sandstones of LST and fluvial deltaic sandstones of LST, (iii) kaolinite and mechanically infiltrated clays in sandstones lying below sequence boundary, (iv) K-feldspar overgrowths in fluvial deltaic LST, (v) glaucony towards the top of fluvial deltaic LST immediately below and at transgressive surface (TS) and in foreshore and shoreface transgressive systems tracts (TST) below parasequence boundaries (PB) and maximum flooding surface (MFS), (vi) framboidal pyrite and extensive cementation by calcite and dolomite in foreshore and shoreface and tide-dominated deltaic TST, and shoreface and tidal flat HST bioclastic-rich arenites particularly in the vicinity of PB, TS and MFS, (vii) pervasive cementation by iron oxide in shoreface-offshore and shoreface sandstones of TST immediately below the MFS, (viii) zeolites and palygroskite in shoreface sandstones of TST and HST, particularly above PB, and (ix) cementation by siderite in Gilbert-type deltaic sandstones of LST, tide-dominated deltaic and foreshore-shoreface sandstones of HST and in tide-dominated deltaic sandstones of TST, particularly at MFS. Moreover, this thesis revealed that the distribution of eogenetic alterations strongly control, and thus provide information for constraining the distribution patterns of mesogenetic alterations, such as illitization of mechanically infiltrated clays and dickitization of kaolinite, and hence of related reservoir quality evolution of sandstones during progressive burial.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kukuliesjulia_2023,
  title = {Observing and Modeling Precipitation in the Tibetan Plateau region - from large-scale processes to convective storms},
  author = {Kukulies, Julia},
  year = {2023},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {tibetan plateau; water cycle; precipitation; climate modeling; mesoscale convective systems; large-scale atmospheric circulation},
  abstract = {Climate change in mountain regions has far-reaching societal impacts such as increased risks for natural hazards and water scarcity that may affect billions of people in the downstream regions. Precipitation changes play a critical role in these impacts due to their effects on river runoff and flooding. However, these changes remain hard to predict due to uncertainties in climate models and a lack of reliable observations. This dissertation aims to enhance the understanding of precipitation and its underlying large-scale and mesoscale processes in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) region, one of the most extensive and vulnerable mountain regions in the world. More specifically, the dissertation combines gauge measurements, satellite observations, reanalysis data, and high-resolution model simulations to investigate present-climate characteristics of clouds and precipitation over TP and its downstream regions. A key outcome is a data set of large storms, so-called mesoscale convective systems (MCSs), based on two decades of high-resolution satellite observations of clouds and precipitation. This data set is used to study MCS characteristics and their relation to large-scale atmospheric circulation systems and water vapor transport. Satellite observations reveal that MCSs are important precipitation producers in the river basins surrounding the TP, while convection over the TP occurs in a more scattered manner with significantly less precipitation. In addition, satellite observations are used to evaluate kilometer-scale simulations of MCSs. The model simulations capture the general spatial pattern and magnitude of MCS-associated precipitation but show also systematic biases in MCS frequencies in some regions south and east of the TP. It was found that interactions between large- and mesoscale processes affect the formation and evolution of MCSs over the TP and its downstream regions. The results identify several processes, e.g. interactions between the TP and the mid-latitude westerly circulation, that may drive future precipitation changes and need to be realistically represented in future climate model projections. As such, this dissertation constitutes a step towards reliable projections of climate change in the TP region.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_brandtsanders_2009,
  title = {Betydelse av höjdmodellers kvalitet vid endimensionell översvämningsmodellering},
  author = {Brandt, S. Anders},
  year = {2009},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {Högskolan i Gävle},
  keywords = {hydrologi; fysisk planering; earth sciences},
  abstract = {Just nu pågår runt om i Sverige och övriga världen omfattande karteringar för översvämningsrisker. Inte minst på grund av EUs översvämningsdirektiv där det har fastslagits att preliminära riskbedömningar ska ha utförts senast 2011, och för konstaterade riskområden ska riskkartor och riskhanteringsplaner ha producerats senast 2013 respektive 2015. I Sverige har nästan samtliga större vattendrag redan karterats översiktligt, men flera studier har visat att de producerade kartorna är alltför osäkra för att kunna fungera som underlag i många planeringssituationer. Därför måste nytt material tas fram samtidigt som det behövs riktvärden, baserade på kvaliteten av underliggande data, på hur osäkra översvämningskarteringarna är. Denna studie utgör andra delen i ett större projekt ”Kvalitetsbeskrivning av geografisk information för översvämningsmodellering” där det övergripande syftet är att bidra till förståelsen för vilka osäkerheter som finns i samband med översvämningsmodellering. Målet med detta delprojekt är att undersöka hur vattennivåer och översvämningsutbredning förändras vid: stegvis degenerering av höjddata, introduktion av systematiska fel i höjdmodellen, samt olika friktionsvärden på vattendragets botten respektive omgivande mark. Som fallstudie har, liksom i ett tidigare Kris-GIS®-projekt, Eskilstunaån använts. Två områden med olika terrängtyper har undersökts, ett relativt flackt område och ett relativt kuperat område med branta sluttningar ned mot vattendraget, med avsikt att därigenom kunna se skillnader i resulterande översvämning med avseende på terrängens karaktär. Terrängen representerades av miljontals från helikopter laserskannade punkter och vattendragets botten representerades av ekolodade punkter. Vattenflödet simulerades som stationär strömning av storleken 198 m3/s, vilket är SMHIs uppskattning av det högsta beräknade flödet. Som modelleringsverktyg har den endimensionella hydrauliska programvaran HEC-RAS använts och för datapreparering och geografiska analyser har ArcView GIS använts. Följande parametrar undersöktes för att få ett mått på osäkerheten vid försämrade höjddata respektive förändrad markfriktion: vattendragets vattenstånd, bredd, tvärsnittsarea samt översvämningsutbredning. För ökad grad av degenerering av höjddata visade resultaten att vattenstånden endast marginellt ändras medan bredder, tvärsnittsareor och utbredning ändras mer markant. Förutom osäkerhet på grund av degenerering av höjddata (till exempel från referensmodellens 0,78 m cellstorlek till 2-3 m cellstorlek) påverkar av samma storleksordning även osäkerhet i friktionsuppskattning (Mannings n ± 0,01) och inkludering av små systematiska fel (upp till ca 0,1 m i höjdled). Dessutom visade resultaten att osäkerheten skiljer sig markant beroende på hur mycket omgivande mark sluttar mot vattendraget. För planeringsändamål med höga krav rekommenderas höjddata med upplösning upp till 1 m cellstorlek, för allmän detaljplanering upp till 4 m cellstorlek och för översiktlig planering upp till 10-25 m cellstorlek. Vid flacka strandsluttningar bör cellstorleken vara ännu mindre.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_schneiderthomas_2001,
  title = {Hydrological processes in firn on Storglaciären, Sweden},
  author = {Schneider, Thomas},
  year = {2001},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University},
  keywords = {geografi med naturgeografisk inriktning; geography},
  abstract = {Understanding hydrological processes in temperate glaciers is important for both scientific and practical issues. Modelling glacier response to climatic change and the use of water from glaciers for electric power generation are some topics that require detailed information on water storage and drainage in glaciers. However, most investigations on glacier hydrology have focused on the ablation area and our understanding of the hydrological system in the accumulation area is poor. The aim of this thesis is to investigate hydrological processes in the accumulation area of Storglaciären, Northern Sweden, and to quantify their influence on hydraulics and mass balance of the entire glacier. Specific goals are to investigate water drainage through, and water storage in, the firn layer; to analyse the hydraulic connection between accumulation and ablation area; and to asses the influence of refreezing water in the firn layer on glacier mass balance. Detailed field investigations were carried out on Storglaciären, including firn core analysis, pumping tests, dye tracing, measurements of water level and temperature in firn, proglacial discharge and meteorological observations. Results from these field measurements together with theoretical considerations and modelling form the methodological backbone of this study.A firn aquifer, ~5 m thick, forms above the firn-ice transition on Storglaciären at a depth of ~20 m. Observed water table variations in the firn aquifer follow surface water input with a delay of some days. Observations in crevasses indicate that water flows along inter-connected pores in the firn. Conduits with a diameter of some centimetres exist at the bottom of the firn layer. Crevasses in the firn area function as links between the firn aquifer and an efficient englacial drainage system. Water flow through the glacier does not follow the theoretical maximum potential gradient but is re-directed by crevasses towards the northern proglacial stream. The ratio between surface and bed slope at the down-glacier margin of overdeepenings is above the critical value at which subglcial channels may freeze due to energy loss when adapting to higher pressure melting point. Thus, flow paths in these areas are englacially rather than subglacially.Simultaneous injections of fluorescent dye tracers into the firn aquifer and at the firn surface are used to investigate water drainage from the accumulation area. Dispersion modelling of dye return revealed at least two different flow systems: a fast but highly braided, multi-branched arborescent system, and a slow and less braided, less effective, single-channel system. Dye-flux peaks correlate inversely with discharge in diurnal cycles, which may be explained by dye being stored in englacial cavities where high water pressure prevent draining due to a hydraulic barrier and release of dye during periods of low water pressure. During flood events a more effective drainage system is activated, causing dye and discharge peaks to be in phase.Internal accumulation is determined from irreducible water content (~7%) and temperature in firn. The winter cold wave penetrates 7-8 m into the firn layer. Mass balance measurements underestimate annual accumulation by ~0.05 m w.eq. (~4%) when neglecting internal accumulation in firn. }
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_karlssoncaroline_2016,
  title = {Geo-environmental considerations in transport infrastructure planning},
  author = {Karlsson, Caroline},
  year = {2016},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {KTH Royal Institute of Technology},
  keywords = {roads; railways; gis; decision support; modelling; land and water resources engineering; mark- och vattenteknik},
  abstract = {Transport infrastructure constitutes one of the key factors to a country’s economic growth. Investment in new transport infrastructure might cause potential environmental impacts, and if a project has several alternative corridors open for suggestion then each alternative corridor will have a different impact on the environment. The European Commission has stated that the natural resources are important to the quality of life. Therefore, the efficient use of resources will be a key towards meeting future climate change and reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This implies that in an evergrowing global society the resource efficiency as well as the choice of transport infrastructure corridor becomes even more important to consider. The aim of this research project was to contribute to early transport infrastructure planning by the development of methods for and implementation of easy understandable geological criteria and models for decision support. Moreover, the intention was to assess how geological information can be developed and extracted from existing spatial data and coupled with other areas of interest, such as ecology and life cycle assessment. It has previously been established that geological information plays an important role in transport infrastructure planning, as the geological characteristics of the proposed area as well as the possibilities of material use influences the project. Therefore, in order to couple geological information for early transport infrastructure planning, four studies (Paper I-IV) were undertaken where methods were developed and tested for the inclusion of geological information. The first study (Paper I) demonstate how optional road corridors could be evaluated using geological information of soil thickness, soil type and rock outcrops, bedrock quality and slope in combination with ecological information. The second study (Paper II) shows how geological information of soil thickness and stratigraphy can be combined with life cycle assessments (LCA) to assess the corresponding greenhouse gas emission and energy use for the proposed road corridors. The difficulty of using expert knowledge for susceptibility assessment of natural hazards, i.e. flooding, landslide and debris flow, for early transport infrastructure planning was presented in the third study (Paper III). In this study the expert knowledge was used in a multi-criteria analysis where the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was chosen as a decision rule. This decision rule was compared to the decision rule weighted linear combination (WLC) using two different schemes of weighting. In all the mentioned studies the importance of soil thickness information was highlighted. Therefore, the fourth and final study (Paper IV) presented a new methodology for modelling the soil thickness in areas where data is sparse. A simplified regolith model (SRM) was developed in order to estimate the regolith thickness, i.e. soil thickness, for previously glaciate terrain with a high frequency of rock outcrops. SRM was based on a digital elevation model (DEM) and an optimized search algorithm. The methods developed in order to couple geological information with other areas of interest is a tentative step towards an earlier geo-environmental planning process. However, the methods need to be tested in other areas with different geological conditions. The combination of geological information in GIS with MCA enabled the integration of knowledge for decision making; it also allowed influencing the importance between various aspects of geological information as well as the importance between geological information and other fields of interest, such as ecology, through the selected weighting schemes. The results showed that synergies exist between ecology and geology, where important geological considerations could also have positive effects on ecological consideration. Soil thickness was very important for GHG emission and energy whereas stratigraphical knowledge had a minor influence. When using expert knowledge the consistency in the expert judgements also needs to be considered. It was shown that experts tended to be inconsistent in their judgements, and that some consistency could be reached if the judgements were aggregated instead of used separately. The results also showed that the developed SRM had relatively accurate results for data sparse areas, and that this model could be used in several projects where the knowledge of soil thickness is important but lacking. It was concluded that geological information should be considered. By using GIS and MCA it is possible to evaluate different aspects of geological information in order to improve decision making.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_milanmanuela_2016,
  title = {Long-term development of subalpine lakes: effects of nutrients, climate and hydrological variability as assessed by biological and geochemical sediment proxies},
  author = {Milan, Manuela},
  year = {2016},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Umeå University},
  keywords = {paleolimnology; diatoms; cladocera; sub-fossil pigments; wavelengthdispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy; lake garda; lake ledro; reference conditions; nutrient enrichment; climate change; hydrological regime.},
  abstract = {Sediment records of two Italian subalpine lakes (Lake Garda and Lake Ledro) were analyzed in order to reconstruct their ecological evolution over the past several hundred years. A multi-proxy and multi-site approach was applied in order to disentangle the effects of local anthropogenic forcings, such as nutrients, and climate impacts on the two lakes and their catchments. Biological indicators (sub-fossil pigments, diatoms and Cladocera) were used to reconstruct changes in the aquatic food web and to define the lake reference conditions, while geochemical methods, i.e. wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (WD-XRF), were used to provide quantitative information on the different physical or chemical processes affecting both lake and catchment systems.Sub-fossil pigments and diatoms, together with their respective inferred TP values, suggested very stable oligotrophic conditions in both lakes until the 1960s. The period following was affected by nutrient enrichment, which led to a drastic shift in the phytoplanktonic community. The response of sub-fossil pigments and diatoms to major climatic anomalies such as the Medieval Climatic Anomaly (MCA) and the Little Ice Age (LIA) were not pronounced, and the taxonomic composition remained relatively stable. On the contrary, these proxies showed an indirect response to climate variability since the beginning of the nutrient enrichment phase in the 1960s. In Lake Garda, the winter temperature regulates the water column mixing, which in its turn controls the degree of nutrient fertilization of the entire water column, and the related phytoplankton growth. In Lake Ledro a rapid reorganization of planktonic diatoms was observed only during the temperature recovery after the LIA, while recent temperature effects are masked by the prevailing nutrient effects. In Lake Garda, Cladocera remains responded in quantitative and qualitative terms to climatic changes, whereas in Lake Ledro they appeared to be mainly affected by variations in hydrological regimes, i.e. flood events. Cladocera remains corroborated the nutrient enrichment after the 1960s in both lakes as inferred by diatoms and pigments.In Lake Garda, the geochemical data showed a pronounced shift in elemental composition since the mid-1900s, when major elements and lithogenic tracers started to decrease, while some elements related to redox conditions and other (contaminant) trace elements increased. The general trends since the mid-1900s agree with the biological records. However, some differences recorded in the two different basins of Lake Garda reflected the effects of local conditions, both related to hydrology and sedimentation patterns. Lake Ledro showed higher short-term variability for most elements, even though some features were comparable to Lake Garda. The geochemical record of Lake Ledro revealed a major influence of human-induced lake-level fluctuations and catchment properties.This paleolimnological study allows us to place temporally restricted limnological surveys into a longer-term secular perspective, which is highly valuable for the definition of lake reference conditions. Because the restoration targets are usually based on the lake reference conditions, this study highlighted also the necessity to pay particular attention to the lake-specific sensitivity patterns. The multi-proxy and multi-site approach showed that the lake conditions of large and deep lakes in northern Italy, such as Lake Garda, are mainly driven by nutrient enrichment and/or climate change. In contrast, smaller lakes with larger catchment areas, such as Lake Ledro, are seemingly more impacted by conditions and processes occurring in the drainage basin.}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_fringspatrickj_2014,
  title = {Tracing silicon cycling in the Okavango Delta, a sub-tropical flood-pulse wetland using silicon isotopes},
  author = {Frings, Patrick J and De La Rocha, Christina and Struyf, Eric and van Pelt, Dimitri and Schoelynck, Jonas and Hudson, Mike Murray and Gondwe, Mangaliso J. and Wolski, Piotr and Mosimane, Keotsheple and Gray, William and Schaller, Jörg and Conley, Daniel J.},
  year = {2014},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  volume = {0},
  number = {142},
  pages = {132--148},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {the changing earth; den föränderliga jorden},
  abstract = {Chemical weathering of silicate minerals releases elements into solution whereas the neoformation of secondary minerals works in the opposite direction, potentially confounding estimates of silicate weathering rates. Silicon isotopes (δ30Si) may be a useful tool to investigate these processes. Here, we present 82 δ30Si measurements from surface waters, pore waters, biogenic silica (BSi), clays, sand and vegetation from the Okavango Delta, Botswana, a freshwater sub-tropical, flood-pulse wetland. Hydrologically, the Okavango is dominated by evapotranspiration water losses to the atmosphere. It receives an annual pulse of water that inundates seasonal floodplains, while river baseflow is sufficient to maintain a permanent floodplain. δ30Si in dissolved silica (DSi) in surface waters along a 300 km transect at near-peak flood show a limited range (0.36–1.19‰), implying the Delta is well buffered by a balance of processes adding and removing DSi from the surface water. A key control on DSi concentrations is the uptake, production of BSi and recycling of Si by aquatic vegetation, although the net isotopic effect is necessarily small since all BSi re-dissolves on short timescales. In the sediments, BSi δ30Si (n = 30) ranges from −1.49‰ to +0.31‰ and during dissolution, residual BSi tends towards higher δ30Si. The data permit a field-based estimate of the fractionation associated with BSi dissolution, ε30BSi-DSi = −0.26‰, though it is unclear if this is an artefact of the process of dissolution. Clay δ30Si ranges from −0.97‰ to +0.10‰, (n = 15, mean = −0.31‰) and include the highest values yet published, which we speculate may be due to an equilibrium isotope effect during diagenetic transformation of BSi. Two key trends in surface water DSi δ30Si merit further examination: declining δ30Si in an area roughly corresponding to the permanent floodplains despite net DSi removal, and increasing δ30Si in the area corresponding to the seasonal floodplains. We infer that evaporative enrichment of surface waters creates two contrasting regimes. Chemical weathering of low δ30Si phases releases low δ30Si DSi in the relatively dilute waters of the permanent floodplains, whereas silicon removal via clay formation or vegetation uptake is the dominant process in the more enriched, seasonal floodplains.},
  issn = {0016-7037}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_nyberglars_2009,
  title = {Capacity building on sustainable flood risk and water management - transnational and transdisciplinary activities in the Northsea region},
  author = {Nyberg, Lars and Mariele, Evers and Timm R, Geißler and Scott, Arthur},
  year = {2009},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {environmental science}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_nyberglars_2010_1,
  title = {Sustainability aspects of flood risk management - A case study of Lake Vänern and the Göta älv River, Sweden},
  author = {Nyberg, Lars and Blumenthal, Barbara and Johansson, Magnus},
  year = {2010},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {environmental science}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kuttuvarajaraogunaratna_2010,
  title = {Microbial characterization of Holocene alluvial sediments in the Meghna Flood Plain of Matlab Upazila, Bangladesh},
  author = {Kuttuva Rajarao, Gunaratna and Shokri, Atefeh and Bhattacharya, Prosun and Jacks, Gunnar and Bundschuh, Jochen and Von Brömssen, M.},
  year = {2010},
  journal = {Arsenic in Geosphere and Human Diseases, As 2010 - 3rd International Congress},
  pages = {140--142},
  language = {eng}
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bhattacharyaprosun_2008,
  title = {Arsenic mobilisation in the Holocene flood plains in South-central Bangladesh: Evidences from the hydrogeochemical trends and modeling results},
  author = {Bhattacharya, Prosun and von Brömssen, M. and Hasan, M.A. and Jacks, Gunnar and Ahmed, K.M. and Sracek, O. and Jakariya, M. and Huq, S.M.I. and Naidu, R. and Smith, E. and Owens, G.},
  year = {2008},
  journal = {Groundwater for Sustainable Development},
  pages = {283--299},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {The Netherlands : Taylor and Francis/A.A. Balkema}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_nyberglars_2009_1,
  title = {Influence of flood risk management measures on socio-economic and ecological vulnerabilities in a large water system - A case study of Lake Vänern and the Göta älv River, Sweden},
  author = {Nyberg, Lars and Blumenthal, Barbara and Johansson, Magnus},
  year = {2009},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {environmental science}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_strmquistlennart_2014,
  title = {SWECO International in association with CAS Consultants Consultancy Services for Feasibility Studies and Final Design Preparation of Flood Control Structures within Nzoia River Basin Social and Environmental Impact Assessment of Dam 33B},
  author = {Strömquist, Lennart},
  year = {2014},
  language = {eng}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_strmquistlennart_2014_1,
  title = {SWECO International in association with CAS Consultants Consultancy Services for Feasibility Studies and Final Design Preparation of Flood Control Structures within Nzoia River Basin Social and Environmental Impact Assessment of Dam 40A},
  author = {Strömquist, Lennart},
  year = {2014},
  language = {eng}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_sandermikkel_2003_1,
  title = {Climatic signals and frequencies in the Swedish Time Scale, River Ångermanälven, Central Sweden},
  author = {Sander, Mikkel},
  year = {2003},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Quaternary Sciences, Department of Geology, Lund University},
  abstract = {Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling handlar om hur man kan utläsa klimatiska signaler från klastiska årsvarviga sediment i Ångermanälven i södra Norrland. Avhandlingen bidrar med kunskap till den pågående diskussionen om klimatets- och den hydrologiska cykelns förändringar, framförallt sett ur ett retrospektiv men den behandlar också frågor om framtiden och en eventuellt ökande växthuseffekt. Varviga sediment förekommer längs den svenska östkusten och i Sveriges norra- och centrala dalgångar. Tillsammans utgör dessa sediment en lång tidsskala, den så kallade Svenska Tidsskalan, som sträcker sig från nutid genom hela vår nuvarande värmetid (Holocen) och in i slutet av den senaste istiden (Senglacial tid). Varven har avsatts i två olika miljöer (1) dels framför den retirerande Fennoskandiska inlandsisen i en issjömiljö och (2) dels i dalgångarna efter att inlandsisen hade dragit sig tillbaka efter isavsmältningen i en lakustrin miljö. Denna avhandling fokuserar främst på varven i Ångermanlandsälvensdräneringsåmråde som har bildats under de senaste ca 2000 åren men den behandlar även de varv avsatta de senaste 8000 åren. Tidsintervallet valdes på grund av att preliminära analyser visat att tidsskalan är tillförlitlig och för att det i sedimenten i mynningen av Ångermanälven finns varv som bildats under denna period. Endast i ett fåtal tidigare undersökningar har förhållandet mellan varvtjocklek och vattenflöde studerats. I denna studie har ett säkert samband mellan varvtjocklek och observerad maximal dagligt årsflöde (Qmax) för åren 1909-1971 upprättats. Förhållandet mellan de två parametrarna har uttryckts med en potensekvation, vilket underlättat beräkningen av Qmax för de senaste 2000 åren. Tidsserier av Qmax har analyserats en efter en. Jag fann bl a en tillfredsställande fördelning av de extrema värdena i jämförelse med observerade dataserier. Qmax visade sig också sammanfalla med vårfloden, vilket betyder att förändringarna i varvtjockleken beror på variationer i snösmältningen. Observerad och rekonstruerad Qmax har korrelerats till observerat snömedeldjup, vilket visar att Qmax är ett resultat av mängden smält nederbörd i form av snö. Detta betyder i sin tur att det finns signaler i varven som leder till variationer atmosfären. I årsnederbördsdata upptäcktes en vintersignal i den s.k. ”North Atlantic Oscillation” (NAO), vilken inte kunde urskiljas i varken Qmax eller varvtjockleken. Jag fann att en hundraårig periodicitet i varvtjockleken sammanfaller med den klassisk Senholocena klimatutveckling d v s med en varm period under romartiden, en kall period mellan ca 500-1000 e. Kr., åter en varm period under Medeltiden följt av ett kallt klimat under den Lilla istiden och slutligen uppvärmningen i vår egen tid. Om det finns en atmosfärisk faktor som påverkar bildningen av varv ska det vara möjligt att sammankoppla varvtjockleken till andra arkiv som påverkas av atmosfären t ex variationer i O18/O16 halten i den Grönländska inlandsisen. Enligt instrumentobservationer och de mekanismer som påverkar NAO, borde det finnas ett omvänt förhållande mellan de två temperaturkänsliga arkiven. Ett sådant förhållande upptäcktes i varvserien under vissa tidsperioder men inte under andra. Detta av- och på förhållande har tolkats som start- och slutsignaler för NAO. Baserat på frekvensanalyser har jag visat att tidsserierna innehåller icke-stationära solvindscyklar men också andra frekvenser. Förutom solvindenscyclisitet, upptäcktes periodiciteter som sträcker sig från tiotals till tusentals år, vilka kan kopplas till variationer I t ex NAO och Suesscykeln. En 1000 års -lång vågform har spekulativt kopplats ihop med Bondcykeln, som hittats i marina sediment. Förutom dessa analyser utfördes ytterligare ett antal analyser för att kunna utreda förhållandet mellan varvtjocklek, Qmax och andra arkiv som kan innehålla indirekt information om klimatets variationer. Dessa arkiv utgjordes av trädringsserier, temperaturserier, atmosfäriska data, isutbredningen på Östersjön, kol-14 serier och data från vulkanutbrott. Slutsatserna från dessa korrelationsanalyser var i huvudsak negativa, d v s jag fann inget samband mellan varvtjocklek och de andra arkiven. Jag har även gjort försök med att korrelera olika varvserier omfattande de senaste ca 8000 åren eftersom tidigare upptäckter visat att kronologin i Svenska Tidsskalan kombinerat med kol-14 dateringar av organiskt material som påträffats i lervarven och tidskalan i en borrkärna från den Gröländska inlandisen (GRIP borrkärnana) inte överensstämmer och att det minst saknas 500 varv i den Svenska Tidsskalan. Mina resultat pekar på att de saknade varven troligtvis inte går att finna i Ångermanälvens avlagringar. Denna avhandling har ökat kunskapen om varv i Ångermanälven på ett flertal olika sätt bl a genom att * sambandet mellan Qmax och vårfloden har utretts * varvdata har omvandlats till vattenflödesserier * en hundraårig periodicsitet har tolkats inom ramen för klassisk Senholocen klimatutveckling * frekvenser sammankopplade till NAO, solvindscykeln och Suesscykeln har upptäckts * tidsskalan har granskats med hjälp av korrelationer och förklarats tillförlitlig * flera olika klimatiska arkiv har testats gentemot varvtjocklek, men dessa studier gav inget nytt ljus åt förståelsen om hur varven i Ångermanlandsälvens dräneringsområde varierar}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hambergroger_2018,
  title = {Cementation of cyanidation tailings: Effects on the release of As, Cu, Ni and Zn},
  author = {Hamberg, Roger and Alakangas, Lena and Maurice, Christian},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Proceedings of the 11th ICARD | IMWA | MWD Conference},
  pages = {617--622},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: International Mine Water Association (IMWA)},
  keywords = {tailings management; cement; trace metal leaching; soil mechanics; tillämpad geokemi; applied geochemistry},
  abstract = {Maintaining saturated conditions in two cemented paste backfill (CPB)-mixtures (1-3 wt.% of binders) based on cyanidation tailings was vital for reducing the pyrrhotite oxidation rate and the release of Cu, Ni and Zn. The opposite was true for As, that desorbed from Fe-precipitates and formed soluble Ca-arsenates. Flooding of CPB-fillings could be a long-term process, where unsaturated zones can form within CPB-masses. At this stage, leachates from CPBs (1 wt. %), became acidic, causing As-release to decrease but the opposite for Cu. In CPBs (3wt. %), As-release was unaltered but the Zn-release increased as binder-related Zn-phases dissolved in alkaline conditions.}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_schmidtag_2005,
  title = {Palaeomagnetism of Eocene Talerua Member lavas on Hareoen, West Greenland},
  author = {Schmidt, AG and Riisager, Peter and Abrahamsen, N and Riisager, J and Pedersen, AK and Van der Voo, R},
  year = {2005},
  journal = {Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark},
  volume = {1},
  number = {52},
  pages = {27--37},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Dansk Geologisk Forening},
  abstract = {The results of a paleomagnetic sampling carried out along two vertical profiles (altogether 19 lava flows, 126 samples) covering the entire stratigraphy of the Talerua Member lavas (similar to 39 Myr old) that outcrop on the island Hareoen are presented and represent some of the youngest volcanism in the West Greenland flood volcanic province. Rock magnetic experiments and microprobe analysis demonstrate that the dominant magnetic mineral in all Studied lavas is titanomagnetite that has experienced variable amounts of high temperature cleuteric oxidation as well as low temperature hydrothermal oxidation. Based on detailed demagnetization experiments, well-defined palaeomagnetic site-mean directions were isolated from all 19 lavas. The composite profile contains two magnetic polarity zones suggesting a maximum duration of Talerua Member volcanism of -1.4 Ma. After grouping flows having the same remanent magnetic field direction, 13 individual readings of the palaeomagnetic fields were obtained. The palaeomagnetic pole with coordinates 76.3 degrees N, 201.5 degrees E (A95=7.4 degrees, K=32.7, N=13) is in good accordance with paleomagnetic poles from other continents rotated back to Greenland using plate kinematic rotation poles.},
  issn = {0011-6297}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ringuwe_2014,
  title = {THE EAST AFRICAN RIFT SYSTEM},
  author = {Ring, Uwe},
  year = {2014},
  journal = {Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences},
  volume = {1},
  number = {107},
  pages = {132--146},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {uplift and climate change; east african rift system; mantle plume; magmatism},
  abstract = {The East African Rift System is one of the most outstanding and significant rift systems on Earth and transects the high-elevation Ethiopian and East African plateaux. Rifting putatively developed as a result of mantle plume activity that initiated below East Africa. The rift is traditionally interpreted to be composed of two distinct segments: an older, volcanically active Eastern Branch and a younger, much less volcanic Western Branch. Rift-related volcanism commenced in the Eocene and a major phase of flood basalt volcanism occurred in Ethiopia by 31-30 Ma. Rift development in the Eastern Branch has a distinct northward progression with a juvenile rifting stage in northern Tanzania, well advanced rifting in Kenya and the transition of continental rifting to incipient sea-floor spreading in Ethiopia and Afar. The Western Branch in general has not yet progressed to an advanced rifting stage and rift basin architecture retains a pristine geometry. The onset of topographic uplift in the East African Rift System is poorly dated but has certainly preceded graben development. It is widely believed that topography has been caused by plume activity. The uplift of the East African Plateau might be connected to African Cenozoic climate change and faunal and human evolution.},
  issn = {2072-7151}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_shumlyanskyyleonid_2016,
  title = {The U–Pb zircon and baddeleyite ages of the Neoproterozoic Volyn Large Igneous Province: implication for the age of the magmatism and the nature of a crustal contaminant},
  author = {Shumlyanskyy, Leonid and Nosova, Anna and Billström, Kjell and Söderlund, Ulf and Andréasson, Per-Gunnar and Kuzmenkova, Oksana},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {GFF},
  number = {138},
  pages = {17--30},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {the changing earth; den föränderliga jorden},
  abstract = {The Volyn continental flood basalt province is situated on the western margin of the East European platform and constitutes a significant portion of the passive continental margin sequence formed along the Trans-European Suture Zone in response to Rodinia break-up in the Neoproterozoic. In Ukraine, the volcanogenic sequence is subdivided into suites called Zabolottya, Babyne and Ratne,which together with the lowermost terrigeneous Gorbashy suite comprise the Volyn series. Magmatic zircons from one high-Ti basalt sample yielded an age of 573 ± 14 Ma, whereas grains isolated from a rhyolitic dacite yielded an age of 571 ± 13 Ma. Baddeleyite from the olivine dolerite sample gave an older 206Pb/238U age of 626 ± 17 Ma, whereas the 207Pb/206Pb weighted average age of 567 ± 61 Ma is close to the zircon ages. Zircons separated from the other basaltic samples are much older and crystallized at c. 1290, 1470, 1820-1860, 1930-2050 and 2660 Ma. Ages in the 1820-1860 and 1930-2050 Ma time spans correspond to the ages of the Precambrian basement that underlies the Volyn province. However, the sources for the 1290, 1470 and 2660 Ma zircons are unknown, and these zircons must have been derivedfrom more distal areas.},
  issn = {1103-5897}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bingenbernard_2008,
  title = {The Mesoproterozoic in the Nordic countries},
  author = {Bingen, Bernard and Andersson, Jenny and Söderlund, Ulf and Möller, Charlotte},
  year = {2008},
  journal = {Episodes},
  volume = {1},
  number = {31},
  pages = {29--34},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: International Union of Geological Sciences},
  abstract = {During the Mesoproterozoic, central Fennoscandia and Laurentia (Greenland) were characterized by a weakly extensional stress regime, as evident from episodic rapakivi granites, dolerite dykes, continental rift intrusives, sandstone basins and continental flood basalts. Along the southwestern active margin of Fennoscandia, the 1.64-1.52 Ga Gothian and 1.52-1.48 Ga Tele-markian accretionary events resulted in oceanwards continental growth. The 1.47-1.42 Ga Hallandian-Danopolonian event included high-grade metamorphism and granite magmatism in southern Fennoscandia. The pre-Sveconorwegian 1.34-1.14 Ga period is characterized by bimodal magmatism associated with sedimentation, possibly reflecting transcurrent tectonics. The Sveconorwegian otogeny involved polyphase imbrication of terranes between 1.14 and 0.97 Ga, as a result of a collision between Baltica and another major plate, followed by relaxation and post-collisional magmatism between 0.96 and 0.90 Ga. Recent geologic data support classical models restoring the Sveconorwegian belt directly to the east of the Grenville belt of Laurentia at 1.0 Ga. Fragments of Paleo- to Mesoproterozoic crust showing late Grenvillian-Sveconorwegian (1.00-0.92 Ga) magmatism and/or metamorphism are exposed in several tectonic levels in the Caledonides of Scandinavia, Svalbard and East Greenland, on both sides of the inferred lapetus suture. Linking these fragments into a coherent late-Grenvillian tectonic model, however, require additional study.},
  issn = {0705-3797}
}

@mastersthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_conradsarah_2014,
  title = {Origin of Iron Isotope Signatures in Boreal Estuaries},
  author = {Conrad, Sarah},
  year = {2014},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Luleå tekniska universitet},
  keywords = {applied geology; tillämpad geologi},
  abstract = {The geochemistry of iron (Fe) during freshwater transport and estuarine mixing has been investigated. Espescially the changes in the Fe-isotope signature have been studied. The fate of Fe-isotopes during estuarine mixing has been poorly studied. Sampling was performed in Kalix River, Kalix and Råne estuary, and in the open Bothnian Bay, Northern Baltic Sea. Water samples were filtered with 0.22 μm membrane filters. Both particulate (> 0.22 μm) and colloidal fractions (< 0.22 μm) were analyzed. Iron particles and colloids, with a negative Fe-isotope signature, are formed during spring flood in forested catchments. These Fe complexes are associated with organic carbon (OC), and probably have a mixed oxidation state (Fe(II,III)-OC). Negative colloids are labile and flocculate and/or oxidize during riverine transport. Therefore, no negative colloids are detectable in the estuaries of the open Bothnian Bay. Within the estuaries two types of ˜56Fe signatures were measured: negative particles and positive colloids. The open Bothnian Bay shows a third distinct group of positive particles. This group mirrors the rapid removal of Fe colloids and particles at low salinities. Most of the Fe has been removed from surface water at salinities below 1.0 psu. Data in this study show that the Fe-isotopes can be used to trace the origin and cycling of iron particles and colloids in the boreal landscape.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hirstcatherine_2018,
  title = {Iron in the Lena River basin, NE Russia: Insights from microscopy, spectroscopy and isotope analysis},
  author = {Hirst, Catherine},
  year = {2018},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University},
  keywords = {iron; reactivity; isotopes; permafrost; river; arctic; marine geology; maringeologi},
  abstract = {Iron is an important mediator of biotic and abiotic processes on the Earth’s surface, being an electron acceptor in organic matter degradation, a surface for organic matter and trace element adsorption, and a required element for enzymatic processes during primary production. Yet, the role of iron as a mediator of carbon and trace element cycling in high latitude, permafrost-dominated regions remains poorly investigated. The aim of this study was to characterise the chemical reactivity (by size separation, microscopy and spectroscopy) and sources (by isotope composition) of Fe in the Lena River and major tributaries, spanning a wide range in lithology, topography and climate. The Fe transported in the Lena River and major tributaries carries an integrated signal of Fe weathering processes across the permafrost-dominated terrain.A spatial sample set was collected during the post-spring flood period (July 2012, June 2013), from the main channel and tributaries draining contrasting topography and permafrost extent. Across the basin, Fe is mainly transported as chemically reactive ferrihydrite that spans the particulate (> 0.22 µm) and colloidal (0.22 µm – 1 kDa) fractions. The remaining Fe transported as poorly reactive detrital Fe in clays and crystalline oxides. Fe is transported in larger size fractions than the dissolved OM showing that Fe is not a major carrier of DOM. Nano-sized ferrihydrite was attached to OM in the particulate fraction, evidence of a Fe – OM particle association in the Lena River basin.Ferrihydrite shows distinct isotope values in particulate and colloidal fractions, showing that there is a difference in isotopic composition between different size fractions of the same mineral. A conceptual model was developed to understand ferrihydrite formation in the riparian zone of the Lena River and tributaries.  Particulate ferrihydrite has isotope values lower than crustal values resulting from redox and organic-ligand promoted mineral dissolution and precipitation of Fe(II)aq to form coatings of ferrihydrite on particles in the riparian zone.  Ferrihydrite colloids span a wider range of isotope values, higher than Fe particles, resulting from variations in the size and isotope composition of the Fe(II)aq pool transported in soil groundwaters, and the isotope fractionation factor for Fe oxidation and organic complexation.A temporal sample set was collected in the main channel between September 2012 – March 2013 and every three days during May 2015. The colloidal Fe shows distinct seasonal Fe isotope signatures and Fe fluxes, with isotope values lower than crustal during winter baseflow, overlying crustal values during spring flood and higher than crustal values during summer, attributed to changing sources and thus conditions for isotope fractionation. The combined understanding of Fe reactivity and isotope composition allows us to isolate the dominant sources of Fe entering the Lena River.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ljungbergjohan_1999,
  title = {The geochemical dynamics of mine tailings at Laver and Stekenjokk, Northern Sweden},
  author = {Ljungberg, Johan},
  year = {1999},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Luleå tekniska universitet},
  keywords = {applied geology; tillämpad geologi},
  abstract = {This thesis presents geochemical studies of tailings and waters sampled at two closed mines; the Laver mine in Norrbotten where the tailings have not been remediated, and the Stekenjokk mine in Västerbotten where the tailings have been flooded. Oxidation of sulfide minerals in the tailings at Laver has led to the development of a distinct chemical zonation with an oxidised zone above the unoxidised tailings. Metals released from oxidation and weathering of sulfide minerals are retained within the tailings impoundment. This retention mechanism is today very efficient and only 5-10 % of the released masses of metals reaches the surface water system. Areas of the tailings deposit with shallow groundwater table are at present the main source of metal release. The water column of the water cover at Stekenjokk was sampled four times at various stations. The pond water contains higher concentrations of Ca, S (as sulfate), Cd and Zn than local background. The flow of Ca, S, Cd and Zn to the water column from the pore water of the tailings is an effect of both in-situ oxidation and buffering in the uppermost part of the tailings, and the fact that some parts of the tailings material were oxidised prior to the remediation with water cover. Resuspension of sulfides from the tailings surface itself is insignificant. Flooding as remediation method works well at Stekenjokk.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_berntssonannika_2014,
  title = {The sensitivity of Swedish alpine lakes to hydro-climatic changes during the Late Holocene},
  author = {Berntsson, Annika},
  year = {2014},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University},
  keywords = {alpine lake sediments; temperature reconstruction; precipitation; catchment erosion; chironomids; oxygen isotopes; xrf core scanning; geomorphology; grain size analysis; kvartärgeologi; quaternary geology},
  abstract = {The thesis objective is to use lake sediments to investigate the relationships between chironomids, as proxy for temperature, and δ18O and minerogenic in-wash, as precipitation proxies, in northern Sweden during the Late Holocene. Three lakes along a N–S transect in the Scandes were studied using biological, geochemical and physical sediment properties, together with numerical methods. Emphasis was put on changes in hydrological and erosional regimes and the configurations of lake catchments in an attempt to avoid misinterpretation of the climate signals. Mean July air temperatures were inferred from the chironomid composition in sediment records covering the last 5000 yrs in Vindelfjällen Mountains in Mid Lapland and the last 1000 yrs in Jämtland. The temperature reconstructions underwent significance tests, suggesting reliable results for the Vindelfjällen reconstruction but not the Jämtland reconstruction. Data from XRF core scanning and grain size variations, interpreted together with catchment geomorphology, suggested periods with increased fluvial erosion. A major flood event occurred at the Vindelfjällen site c. 2800 cal. yr BP. Furthermore, this record indicates stream flow and wetland surface erosion during the last 1200 yrs. Seasonal variations in the amount of precipitation, reflecting changes in atmospheric circulation during the last 1000 yrs, were reconstructed based on δ18O in diatoms from one lake in Jämtland and one in northern Lapland. Relatively higher summer precipitation was inferred between AD 1000 and 1080, AD 1300 and 1440, and during the early 19th century as a result of a positive Arctic Oscillation mode. Changes in chironomid composition in the Jämtland lake were concurrent with shifts in δ18Odiatom suggesting indirect responses to circulation changes. Changes in precipitation are suggested to be an important factor that may cause the spatially variable results among chironomid-based July air temperature reconstructions in Scandinavia.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hambergroger_2018_1,
  title = {Cementation of cyanidation tailings – effects on the release of As, Cu, Ni and Zn},
  author = {Hamberg, Roger},
  year = {2018},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Luleå University of Technology},
  keywords = {tillämpad geokemi; applied geochemistry},
  abstract = {Knowledge about mineralogy and chemical composition in sulfidic tailings is essential to predict how tailings management may affect the future leachate quality. At a gold mine in the north of Sweden, gold was extracted from inclusions in arsenopyrite and pyrrhotite by the use of cyanide. Sulfides in the ore dissolved to a large extent during the cyanide leaching process causing sulfide-related elements such as As, Cu, Ni and Zn to be mobilized to a various extent. In a subsequent water treatment process, a significant proportion of As and Cu was captured in secondary formed Fe-precipitates. Large proportions of water-soluble Ni- and Zn-species in tailings suggested that this treatment was insufficient to reduce the mobility of Ni and Zn. Maintaining oxidized, neutral conditions is of major importance for the immobility of As, Cu, Ni and Zn during further management of the cyanidation tailings (CT).Part of the CT were planned to be managed in underground cavities by the use of a cemented paste backfill (CPB) -application. In CPB, a monolithic mass is formed as tailings are mixed with small proportions (4-7 weight %) of pozzolanic materials and backfilled into underground excavated areas. Using a CPB-application may decrease the sulphide oxidation rate, reducing exposure of mineral surfaces to oxygen and increasing water saturation levels within the material. In this study, CT was mixed with binders (1-3 wt. %) for the formation of a low-strength (0.2 Mpa) CT-CPB-mass. These mixtures were stored at moisturized conditions and subsequently subjected to oxidized and flooded conditions in a laboratory-based study. During short-term storing, high water saturation levels were preserved in the CT-CPB-mixtures, but, sulfide oxidation still progressed, and the release of Zn, Cu, and Ni was still lower compared to that in CT. The opposite was true for As, probably due to a desorption from Fe-precipitates. The desorbed As was subsequently incorporated into less acid-tolerant species (i.e. Ca-arsenates and As bonded to cementitious phases) in the CT-CPB:s, that readily dissolved and released more As compared to that in CT.A complete flooding of CPB-filled workings may take a long time to be reached. During this transition period, zones with low levels of water saturation forms in the CPB-monoliths, which could increase the sulphide oxidation rate, lower pH and dissolve the cementitious binders. In this study, strength decreased along with the water saturation levels in the CPB-mixtures, due to a more extensive pyrrhotite oxidation. A minimal proportion (1 wt. %) of binders did not suppress Cu and As leaching during flooding, but Ni and Zn-leaching were still lower than from CT. In the CT-CPB:s, proportions of As, Cu, Ni and Zn associated with cementitious phases increased in tandem with the fraction of binders. Using higher binder proportions in the CPB, as water saturation levels were lowered, substantially increased the Zn-release while there was an insignificant change in the As-release, and substantially lower Cu- and Ni-release. Pyrrhotite oxidation proceeded in the CT-CPB-mixtures independent of water saturation level. So, increasing binder proportion in a CPB does not necessary mean that trace metals are more stabilized, due to the formation of acid-intolerant fractions. Results from this study, pinpoints the importance of having knowledge about trace element distribution and mineral assemblage in tailings before management methods are chosen and implemented.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_holmstrmhenning_2000,
  title = {Geochemical processes in sulphidic mine tailings: field and laboratory studies performed in northern Sweden at the Laver, Stekenjokk and Kristineberg mine-sites},
  author = {Holmström, Henning},
  year = {2000},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Luleå tekniska universitet},
  keywords = {applied geology; tillämpad geologi},
  abstract = {This thesis presents geochemical, mineralogical and laboratory studies of unremediated and remediated tailings at two abandoned mine sites; at Laver and Stekenjokk and at one active mine site; the Kristineberg mine.   At Laver the Cu released from oxidation is enriched in an enrichment zone just below the oxidation front. Other sulphide bound metals seem to be more evenly spread over a greater volume of tailings and are mainly immobilised as a result of adsorption onto mineral surfaces. Adsorption is also important for Cu, but covellite (CuS) formation is more important, due to transformation of pyrrhotite (Fe1-xS). The groundwater within the impoundment at Laver is affected by the breakdown of sulphides during oxidation. Vertical flow of contaminated water is not the cause of groundwater contamination, since the metals are to a large extent retained in the tailings below the oxidation front. Instead, contamination occurs when the advancing oxidation front pushes the secondary enrichments of metals ahead to meet the groundwater table and the metals are released to the groundwater. The release of metals is caused by desorption due to the low pH in this environment. Areas of the tailings deposit with shallow groundwater table are at present the main sources of metal release. There is a seasonal variation in the composition of groundwater, particularly shallow groundwater, caused by changing levels of the groundwater table.   Laboratory studies of the tailings from Laver and Stekenjokk using Humidity Cells tests show that the tailings at Laver are more reactive and have a higher oxidation rate compared with the tailings at Stekenjokk. This is probably due to the large carbonate content at Stekenjokk. The oxidation rate of the Stekenjokk tailings decreases with time, probably due to Fe-oxide-hydroxide coatings on sulphide surfaces. High pH conditions can be maintained and low metal concentrations are measured in the leachate waters. Diffusion of metals from the tailings up into the overlying pond water is occurring at Stekenjokk. Oxygen is available down to depths of 16 to 17 mm in the tailings and minor oxidation seems to occur in the uppermost tailings. Due to the oxygen consumption by decomposing organic material the oxidation rate will decrease in the future. An organic layer and a layer rich in Mn- and Fe-oxide-hydroxides have developed on top of the tailings since the flooding. The layers contain higher element versus Ti ratios compared to the underlying tailings, indicating that these layers, to some extent, control the diffusion of elements from the tailings. The suspended phase in the pond contains high metal concentrations and consists mostly of Fe- and Mn-oxyhydroxides precipitated in the pond and detrital material from the surroundings. Sorption of metals onto Fe- and Mn-oxyhydroxides is occurring. The element concentrations in the pond at Stekenjokk therefore seem to be largely controlled by processes controlling the precipitation and dissolution of Mn- and Fe-oxyhydroxides in both the water column and in the surficial tailings. The flooding works well.   Pore water and solid tailings in impoundment 1 at the Kristineberg mine contain high contents of metals. Flush out of elements seems to be occurring at some locations due to inflow of surface- and ground water from the surroundings, since the total molar concentrations are much lower in the upper part of the tailings. The pH is high at most depths in the tailings except in and around the former oxidation zone, where the highest heavy metal concentrations also are generally measured. It seems likely that the aim of remediation has been fulfilled, in that oxidation has ceased. However, desorption and remobilization of metals may occur after remediation due to the raised groundwater table.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_noroozreyhaneh_2025,
  title = {Monitoring techniques for embankment dams: A study on ERT and IP measurements, and seepage modelling of the Älvkarleby test dam: A multi-method approach to investigating internal anomalies in an embankment dam},
  author = {Norooz, Reyhaneh},
  year = {2025},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund university},
  abstract = {Modern society depends on dams for renewable hydropower, water supply, and flood control. As climate change increases the frequency of extreme rainfall and flood events, and as the demand for renewable energy sources continues to grow, ensuring the safety of these critical structures becomes more urgent than ever. One of the most serious hidden threats in embankment dams is internal erosion – a slow process where fine particles are washed out from within the dam, potentially leading to leaks, sinkholes, or even failure. This process is difficult to detect using traditional visual inspections, which is why engineers are seeking innovative ways to monitor dam health. The study is part of a Swedish research project exploring advanced geophysical techniques to detect internal erosion in embankment dams. The methods we tested are called Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Induced Polarization (IP). These are non-invasive techniques that work like a kind of “medical scan” for dams. Electrodes placed in andaround the structure measure how easily electric currents pass through the dam materials. By analysing both resistivity and chargeability (how materials temporarily store electric charge), we can generate 3D images of the dam's interior and gain insights into both moisture content and soil grain size—factors that are critical for assessing erosion and material integrity. To test the effectiveness of ERT and IP in real-world conditions and compare them with other monitoring techniques, a 4 m high test embankment dam was constructed in Älvkarleby, Sweden. This dam contained six engineered defects (such as crushed rock zones and foreign material blocks) deliberately hidden within its core and filter zones. Their locations were unknown to the monitoring team, simulating the challenge of detecting unknown damage in an operational dam. Between 7 500 and 14 000 ERT and IP data points were collected daily. These were processed using 3D inversion techniques to produce evolving models of resistivity and chargeability over time. The combined approach proved more powerful than either method alone. The results were promising. Both ERT and IP successfully detected two of the five core defects – a horizontal and a vertical crushed-rock zone. A third defect, a concrete block in the core, was weakly indicated by ERT but with some positional error. One defect, a wooden block in the core, became visible only after three years of monitoring. The fifth core defect – a crushed-rock zone at the abutment – remained undetected, likely due to its small size and poor resolution in that specific area. This highlights a key challenge: resolution and electrode coverage are critical for successful detection, especially in full-scale applications. The fine filter defect was detected after two years of dam operation through both ERT and IP, appearing as a large anomalous zone with high resistivity and low chargeability. In addition, the combined use of ERT and IP helped detect anomalous zones unrelated to the engineered defects. After the dam was dismantled, some of these anomalies were confirmed to be zones of internal erosion, further demonstrating the value of these methods. Another important contribution of this research was the integration of geophysical data into seepage modelling. The ERT data significantly improved the characterization of dam materials and allowed for more precise delineation of water pathways. This, in turn, enhanced the accuracy of seepage models, leading to better predictions of potential leakage zones and critical weak points within the structure. By combining geophysical imaging with traditional seepage modelling, the study demonstrated how ERT can support more reliable dam safety evaluations. Although not all defects were detected during the initial monitoring phase—and some only became apparent after several years—the results demonstrate that ERT, IP, and the integration of geophysical methods with seepage modelling are powerful tools for long-term dam monitoring and enhancing characterization of dam materials.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_olssonjohan_2012,
  title = {U-Pb baddeleyite geochronology of Precambrian mafic dyke swarms and complexes in southern Africa - regional scale extensional events and the origin of the Bushveld Complex},
  author = {Olsson, Johan},
  year = {2012},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Department of Geology, Lund University},
  abstract = {Popular Abstract in Swedish Diabasgångar (eng. dolerite dykes) bildas när järn- och magnesiumrika (mafiska) smältor från manteln transporteras upp genom jordskorpan och så småningom kyls av och kristalliserar i sprickor på djupet. Gångarna kan bli hundratals meter breda och kan uppträda i stort antal och bilda s.k. gångsvärmar vilka är uttryck för perioder då jordskorpan har utsatts för extensionella krafter. Kontinentala gångsvärmar länkas ofta ihop med omfattande magmatism och vulkanism, som ibland haft katastrofal inverkan på livets utveckling. I vissa fall, och speciellt de som bildats i samband med s.k. mantelplymer, kan dessa magmatiska händelser relateras till uppsprickning av superkontinenter. De flesta av jordens landkontinenter består av delar som är uppbyggd av mycket gammal berggrund (Arkeisk; 3,8–2,5 miljarder år) som benämns kratoner, i vilka man också återfinner de äldsta diabasgångsvärmarna. Södra Afrika består geologiskt sett av två kratoner, Kaapvaal och Zimbabwe, omgivna av yngre geologiska områden. Tillsammans utgör dessa ett välbevarat ca 3,7 miljarder år gammalt geologiskt ”arkiv” med flera unika geologiska formationer. Ur ett ekonomiskt perspektiv är dessa kratoner ovärderliga för deras stora malmförekomster av guld, diamant, järn, nickel, krom och platina. Malmprovinserna kan ofta länkas ihop med storskaliga geologiska händelser. Ett exempel är det 65 000 km2 stora Bushveldkomplexet i Kaapvaalkratonen, bildat då enorma volymer av mafisk magma kristalliserade i jordskorpan för två miljarder år sedan. Bushveldkomplexets bildning har länge gäckat forskare världen över där den mest ”populära” förklaringen innebär att en mantelplym (en ballongformad kropp av mycket varmt material från jordens inre) trängde upp genom Kaapvaalkratonen och orsakade massiv produktion av magma. På senare tid har dock även alternativa hypoteser lagts fram som bland annat involverar smältbildning i anslutning till en s.k. subduktionszon (liknande dagens plattektoniska situation i Anderna) eller i samband med ettgigantiskt asteroidnedslag. I de arkeiska graniterna och gnejserna öster om Bushveldkomplexet finns tre stora diabasgångsvärmar som radierar ut från ett centrum i Bushveldkomplexet. Denna geometri av diabasgångar anses vara asssocierad med mantelplymer och uppkommer då plymhuvudet trycker på underifrån och får litosfären (jordens hårda yttre ”skal”) att bukta uppåt, samtidigt som delar av manteln smälter upp. Den nybildade magman fyller ut sprickor och letar sig upp genom litosfären med omfattande vulkanism som följd. Ett av målen med detta doktorandprojekt har varit att undersöka ifall diabasgångarna i östra Kaapvaal kan kopplas till Bushveldkomplexets bildning för två miljarder år sedan. För att åldersbestämma bergarter (geokronologi) så exakt som möjligt, använder man sig av de radioaktiva isotoperna 238U och 235U. Uranisotoperna sönderfaller med kända hastigheter till blyisotoperna 206Pb respektive 207Pb, och genom att analysera förhållandet mellan Pb- och U-isotoper kan man räkna ut provets ålder med mycket hög precision (felmarginaler ned till ±0,1 %). Diabas som bergart innehåller ofta små mängder av mineralet baddeleyit (ZrO2) som är optimalt för U-Pb datering av mafiska bergarter. Datering av mafiska bergarter i den äldsta delen av Kaapvaalkratonen har resulterat i upptäckten av tre separata magmatiska händelser som har visat sig ha stora betydelser för kratonens långa historia, samt även i en ny modell över Bushveldkomplexets bildning. Den första händelsen inträffade för 2990–2965 miljoner år sedan då Usushwanakomplexet bildades tillsammans med en nordväst-sydostlig gångsvärm som åldersmässigt och geokemiskt kan korreleras med lavor i Pongolabassängen, den senare som antas vara världens äldsta kontinentala rift. För mellan 2700 och 2660 miljoner år sedan bildades en radierande svärm av diabasgångar som kan knytas till en manteplym i centrala Kaapvaalkratonen. De radierande gångsystemen matade under en lång period fram magma till stora vulkaniska fält och kan korreleras geokemiskt med Ventersdorpgruppens flodbasaltiska lavor. Mantelplymen injekterade stora mängder magma i den mer än 200 km tjocka litosfären och på dessa djup kommer mafiska bergarter att omvandlas (eklogitiseras) vilket innebär att de får en markant högre densitet. Denna omvandling medförde att litosfärens tyngd ökade successivt och orsakade bildningen av en bassäng i vilka sedimentära bergarter bildades. Genom denna process avsattes tjocka sekvenser av sediment under ca 600 miljoner år och resulterade i vad vi idag kallar för Transvaalbassängen. För två miljarder år sedan utsattes södra Afrika för omfattande deformation och metamorfos i samband med att Zimbabwe och Kaapvaal kolliderade och bildade en gemensam landmassa. En sådan kollision kan ha medverkat till att en del av den tunga mantelroten nu släppte och sjönk ned i den underliggande manteln (astenosfären). Mängder av varm astenosfärisk mantel vällde upp för att fylla ut den ”hålighet” som nu bildats i litosfären och började smälta upp. De gigantiska magmavolymerna trängde upp genom jordskorpan och Transvaalbassängen för att sedan bilda Bushveldkomplexet. Denna nya modell knyter samman den 2,7 miljarder år gamla mantelplymen, utvecklingen av Transvaalbassängen och bildandet av Bushveldkomplexet i en och samma geodynamiska modell. Slutligen, har bildandet av en nordostlig svärm av basaltiska diabasgångar (Black Hillssvärmen) daterats till 1875–1835 miljoner år. Denna nyupptäckta gångsvärms geokemiska signatur och dess ålder kan korreleras med mafiska intrusioner och basaltiska lavor spridda över en bred zon över norra Kaapvaalkratonen. Tillsammans med den 1885–1870 miljoner år gamla Mashonalandprovinsen i Zimbabwekratonen, utgör diabassvärmen den tidigaste samtida perioden av mafisk magmatism representerad på bägge kratonerna. Detta är ännu ett bevis för att Zimbabwe och Kaapvaal kolliderade för två miljarder år sedan, istället för 2,7 miljarder år sedan som tidigare föreslagits. Denna slutsats har dock ännu inte bekräftats med paleomagnetiska metoder, som snarare visar på att Kaapvaal och Zimbabwe kratonerna var långt ifrån varandra då Mashonalandprovinsen och Black Hillssvärmen bildades.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_heimdahljens_2005,
  title = {Urbanised Nature in the Past: Site formation and Environmental Developement in Two Swedish Towns, AD 1200-1800},
  author = {Heimdahl, Jens},
  year = {2005},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Institutionen för naturgeografi och kvartärgeologi},
  keywords = {urban stratigraphy; environmental reconstruction; site formation; geoarchaeology; dark earth; macrofossil analysis; quaternary geology; kvartärgeologi},
  abstract = {In order to explore site formations and reconstruct environmental development in Medieval and Post-Medieval towns, urban occupational strata in Norrköping and Karlstad were studied according to biostratigraphy, sedimentology and pedology. New field procedures including continuous pilot sampling, parallel archaeological and geological stratigraphic interpretation, and on-site analysis of plant macrofossils were developed and applied at archaeological excavations in both towns. Representation of both disciplines in the field during excavations greatly contributed to more complete field interpretations.Stratigraphical analyses indicate that geological processes have been active in both towns, and reveal similarities in site formation. The earliest proto-urban phase is represented by the presence of dark earths, formed by the combination of alluvial processes and cattle tramping. Alluvial processes were common in Karlstad due to the flooding of the river delta, and in Norrköping due to the sloping topography. Both situations were enhanced by human activity, which caused drainage problems. A significant change in composition and origin of house foundation fill was also noted. The oldest foundations contained fine-grained material of local origin in contrast to younger foundations, which contained coarser material, sometimes of regional origin. This is interpreted as a professionalisation of the urban building tradition, which in Norrköping occurred during the 16th century and in Karlstad during the 18th century. Site formations of urban strata are regulated by three major factors: deposition, post-depositional soil formation and erosion/truncation, which all may occur both culturally and naturally.Plant macrofossil analyses in Norrköping and Karlstad resulted in a fossil record with a total amount of 203 and 169 different types of plant species and taxa respectively. The records indicate that site formation processes seem to have been inhibited during wintertime. The results also confirm the idea of the early Scandinavian towns as rural, also during the Post-Medieval time. The finds of cultural plants in Karlstad indicate 18th century cultivation of Fragaria moscata and 17th century import of Pimento officinalis. In Norrköping remains of beer additives confirm that the tradition of combining Humulus lupulus and Myrica gale disappeared after the 15th century, but also indicate a the use of Filipendula ulmaria as a beer addative. Finds of seeds from Nicotiana rustica suggests that tobacco cultivation occurred in Norrköping 1560-1640, which is some decades earlier than known so far in Sweden.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hlalosamaahmed_2008,
  title = {Diagenesis and Reservoir-Quality Evolution of Paralic, Shallow Marine and Fluvio-lacustrine Deposits: Links to Depositional Facies and Sequence Stratigraphy},
  author = {Hlal, Osama Ahmed},
  year = {2008},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Universitetsbiblioteket},
  keywords = {sandstone; diagenesis; paralic; shallow marine and fluvio-lacustrine; reservoir quality; sequence stratigraphy; solid earth geology and petrology; berggrundsgeologi och petrologi},
  abstract = {Linking diagenesis to depositional facies and sequence stratigraphy enables better prediction of spatial and temporal distribution of diagenetic alterations, and thus of evolution of reservoir quality in sandstones. This thesis demonstrates that employing this approach is possible because depositional facies and sequence stratigraphy can provide useful information on parameters controlling the near-surface diagenesis, such as changes in: (i) pore-water chemistry, (ii) residence time of sediments under certain geochemical conditions, (iii) detrital composition and proportion of extra- and intra-basinal grains, and (iv) types and amounts of organic matter.Evidence from four case studies enabled the development of conceptual models for distribution of diagenetic alterations and of their impact on evolution of reservoir quality in sandstones deposited in paralic, shallow marine and fluvio-lacustrine environments. Diagenetic alterations that have been constrained within the context of depositional facies and sequence stratigraphy include: (i) carbonate cement (microcrystalline and equant calcite spars dolomite over poikilotopic calcite), pyrite and glaucony are most abundant in progradational braid-delta fan sequences, particularly along the topsets (i.e. maxiumum flooding surface, MFS) and along parasequences boundaries in the deltaic facies of the early highstand systems tract HST, (ii) cementation by coarse spar calcite, dolomite, and the formation of moldic porosity by the dissolution of framework carbonate grains are most abundant in the aggradational fan deltas sequences, (iii) eogenetic kaolinitization of framework silicates is largely restricted to the fluvial and paralic HST sandstones, whereas telogenetic kaolinite may occur in the transgressive systems tract TST sandstones too, (iv) formation of goethite ooids in the TST sediments, (v) formation of glaucony, siderite spherules, and extensive grain-coatings, grain-replacing and ooidal berthierine, more in the TST than in the HST sediments, particularly below the transgressive surface TS and MFS, (vi) cementation by calcite with (δ18OV-PDB = -11.5‰ to -5.4‰) and Fe-dolomite/ankerite (δ18OV-PDB = -10.8‰ to -9.6‰) occurs in both TST and HST sandstones, (vii) syntaxial quartz overgrowths are most extensive in the HST sandstones owing to the presence of incomplete grain-coating berthierine/chlorite, (viii) greater amounts of micro-porosity in the TST sandstones than in the HST sandstones are related to the greater amounts of berthierine/chlorite in the former sandstones, and (ix) chlorite rims around quartz grains retarded the precipitation of quartz overgrowths, and hence prevented a greater loss of primary intergranular porosity in fluvio-lacustrine sandstones. Therefore, constraining the distribution of diagenetic alterations in the contexts of depositional facies and sequence stratigraphic context is a powerful approach to be used in hydrocarbon exploration.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bauersusanne_2018,
  title = {Dissolved and suspended transport of tungsten, molybdenum, and vanadium in natural waters},
  author = {Bauer, Susanne},
  year = {2018},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Luleå University of Technology},
  keywords = {tungsten; molybdenum; vanadium; baltic sea; redox cycling; suspended particles; boreal rivers; applied geology; tillämpad geologi},
  abstract = {Some transition metals and metalloids occur primarily as oxyanions in natural waters including antimony, arsenic, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten and vanadium. These oxyanions can pass through cell walls along the same pathways as phosphate or sulfate. Some of these oxyanions are essential for life, but in high concentrations they become all toxic. Recent studies showed that tungsten probably is posing a risk to human health. The growing use of tungsten in industrial and military applications probably leads to an increased release of tungsten to the environment. It has also been shown that the use of studded winter tires in Sweden significantly increases tungsten concentrations in road runoff. Still, little is known about the geochemical cycling of tungsten in the environment as it has been considered to be a more or less inert element. Only a few studies deal with tungsten in natural waters. For example, for the Baltic Sea no concentration data have been published before this work and data on the suspended particulate fraction of tungsten in terrestrial and marine waters are scarce.This thesis contributes to the understanding of the distribution and behavior of tungsten, molybdenum and vanadium in natural waters under changing redox conditions, varying pH and different seasons. Particular attention is paid to the suspended particulate fraction of these elements, which is often neglected even though it can be of great importance. Tungsten, molybdenum and vanadium primarily occur as oxyanions in solution and can be adsorbed to particles, which determines their mobility.Molybdenum usually is very mobile, while vanadium has a tendency to adsorb to iron oxyhydroxides or to form organic complexes. Tungsten has many similarities with molybdenum, but it seems to be less mobile than molybdenum in natural waters.Tungsten and molybdenum have a similar abundance in the upper continental crust, but in the ocean molybdenum is almost 2000 times more abundant. A strong fractionation of these two elements occurs from land to the ocean, indicating a removal of W during mixing of river and seawater.This study comprises data from small streams in the boreal landscape of northern Sweden, major rivers (Kalix River and Råne River) and their estuaries discharging into the Baltic Sea. In the marine environment, sediment cores from the Bothnian Bay and water profiles at the stratified Landsort Deep have been studied. Apart from the spatial distribution, the temporal behavior of tungsten, molybdenum, and vanadium in was investigated. In the boreal environment snowmelt is playing a major role for their transport.All water samples were filtered through 0.22 pore size filters to define dissolved and suspended particulate fractions. The particulate fraction of all studied elements increases from streams to rivers. Especially during spring flood, particle transport becomes even more important. About 80% tungsten, 70% vanadium and 30% molybdenum occur in the particulate fraction during this event. During estuarine mixing, tungsten and molybdenum are released from the particles again. However, vanadium seems to be removed in both fractions, probably due to a different adsorption behavior. In the dissolved fraction molybdenum increased and vanadium decreased from land to the sea, while tungsten showed small variation in all surface waters.All three elements are affected by manganese redox cycling at the transition zone between oxic and sulfidic water at the Landsort Deep in the Baltic Sea. Adsorption of these oxyanions to the freshly formed manganese oxides plays an important role for their transport to the sulfidic zone. In contrast to molybdenum, dissolved tungsten is accumulated in the sulfidic environment. There is no effective removal mechanisms like for molybdenum, which is adsorbed to sulfides. Also in the sediment, redox cycling of manganese and iron affects the distribution of tungsten and molybdenum close to the water-sediment interface.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_conradsarah_2019,
  title = {Iron isotopes in aquatic systems},
  author = {Conrad, Sarah},
  year = {2019},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Luleå University of Technology},
  keywords = {tillämpad geokemi; applied geochemistry},
  abstract = {The cycling of iron (Fe) is a key component for understanding water quality and biogeochemical processes. It serves as mediator during biotic and abiotic processes, as electron acceptor during the degradation of organic matter, as surface for trace element and organic matter adsorption, and is necessary for primary production processes. Since the beginning of Fe isotope studies, researchers focussed on the ratios in soils, rivers and oceans in various environments. The aim of this study was to characterize the Fe isotope ratios from the source (e.g. soils), along the river course, through the estuaries and into the adjacent sea within the boreal landscape. Therefore, seasonal sampling of water from Swedish headwater streams (2016/2017), rivers (2016), estuaries (2013/2014) and the Baltic Sea (2013/2014) were conducted, with the purpose to better understand the role and fate of riverine Fe export. Fe is transported in two main phases from the headwater streams into the oceans: organic Fe complexes and Fe(oxy)hydroxide. It has been proposed that these Fe phases varies in response to seasonal differences in hydrology.                      This thesis includes the first Fe isotope dataset describing seasonal variations of headwater streams on a regional scale. In the headwater streams positive and negative Fe isotopes ratios can be used to distinguish between different Fe phases. Furthermore, Fe isotope ratios in headwater streams could verify regional drought periods and the subsequent rewetting of the subsurface soils.Within the rivers and estuaries, we found positive Fe isotopes in the dissolved phase (< 0.22µm) and negative Fe isotopes (> 0.22µm) in the particulate phase during high discharge. The correlation between different chemical parameters, Fe and DOC showed that the Fe isotope composition during spring flood is evolving in the upper soil layers of headwater streams. Therefore, the lighter Fe isotope signal is correlated to the organic-rich soil layers of the riparian zones in forested catchments. During baseflow, particulate Fe has a positive Fe isotope signal. This shows that the Fe has different origin throughout the season within one catchment.Salt-induced flocculation in the estuaries and under experimental conditions, is removing about 80 % of the dissolved and particulate Fe. Newly formed colloids and particles aggregate and sediment due to small changes in salinity. This major flocculation at low salinities might cause an underestimation of riverine Fe flux. Interestingly, salinity-induced aggregation experiments revealed that Fe(oxy)hydroxide, which dominated aggregates, displayed lower Fe isotope ratios than in the river samples Fe, while organic Fe complexes in the suspension had higher Fe isotope values. The seasonal variability in Fe isotope values could not be simply linked to Fe phases but was probably also influenced by variation in source areas of Fe and processes along the flow-path that alter both Fe phases and isotopic composition.Within the estuarine mixing zone, no Fe isotope fractionation was observed. The Fe isotope signal is constant over time and space, which excludes fractionation processes for example by oxidation. The Fe isotope signal within the Bothnian Bay was positive showing that different surface properties of Fe-OC and Fe(oxy)hydroxide aggregates lead to the flocculation of negative Fe aggregates.}
}

@mastersthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_feiccabrinojames_2012,
  title = {Air mass boundary identification: improvement of precipitation phase determination in surface based modeling},
  author = {Feiccabrino, James},
  year = {2012},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Luleå tekniska universitet},
  keywords = {applied geology; tillämpad geologi},
  abstract = {Snowpack properties derived from hydrological models play an important role for many ecological, water resource, and climate applications; such as winter survival of plants, reindeer, small mammals and birds, avalanche hazards, glaciers and polar ice accumulation, growth of sea and lake ices, climate change, snow melt flooding etc. These hydrological models need accurate precipitation phase discrimination schemes to closely portray e. g. energy balance for melt and refreeze cycles, water lost to sublimation, and snow water equivalent within a watershed for the above applications. Precipitation phase is seldom reported from automated surface meteorological stations, so most hydrological models apply an empirical formula based on surface air temperature.  There are many different empirical formulas used for precipitation type determination in hydrological models.  The most commonly used formulas have one or two fixed air temperatures to separate rain from snow, however, some use more elaborate algorithms.  The first part of this study consists of a comparison of common precipitation phase determination schemes to a database of 45 years of three-hour man-made weather observations for nineteen Swedish meteorological stations. These observations consist of surface air and dew point temperatures, precipitation mass and phase (classified as snow, rain, or mixed precipitation).  Model schemes using two air temperature thresholds, one threshold all snow (TS) and one all rain (TR) having a linear snow fraction decrease between the thresholds (TS = 0.0˚C; TR = 2.0˚C, or TS = -1.0; TR = 3.0˚C) performed better than using a single rain/snow temperature threshold at all but two of 19 stations. A fitted air temperature dependent snow probability polynomial scheme resulted in similar, but slightly improved classification than a linear decreasing snow fraction approach at 13 of 19 locations. However, using the same empirical formula for all surface weather observations is a flawed technique since surface precipitation phase results from energy exchanges between falling precipitation and air in the lower atmosphere. Different lower atmospheric conditions cause dissimilar precipitation phase probabilities for near-freezing temperatures. Directly measured lower atmospheric conditions are seldom available for remote areas. However, meteorological observations occurring before/after similar air mass boundaries can be assumed to have alike atmospheric conditions which vary from most other observations. Therefore, hydrological models can indirectly account for lower atmospheric conditions. The second part of this study used twenty years of manual observations from eight U.S. weather stations to compare misclassified precipitation proportions when analyzing (a) all precipitation observations together and (b) identified cold air mass boundary observations (CAB) and non-CAB observations separately. The CAB observations were identified by a rapid surface air temperature decrease. Applying a linear decrease in snow fraction method, CAB had a TS (0˚C), and TR (4˚C) 1˚C warmer than non-CAB (-1˚C, 3˚C). Analyzing CAB and non-CAB separately reduced misclassified precipitation by 23%, from 7.0 to 5.4%.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_lehnertoliver_2012,
  title = {The Siljan Meteorite Crater in central Sweden – an integral of the Swedish Deep Drilling Program (SDDP)},
  author = {Lehnert, Oliver and Meinhold, Guido and Bergström, Stig M. and Calner, Mikael and Ebbestad, Jan Ove R. and Egenhoff, Sven and Frisk, Åsa and Högström, Anette and Maletz, Jörg},
  year = {2012},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {historical geology and paleontology; historisk geologi och paleontologi},
  abstract = {New drill cores from the largest known impactstructure in Europe, the Siljan crater, provide superbpossibilities to reconstruct Early Palaeozoic marineenvironments and ecosystems, and to document changes insedimentary facies, sea-level and palaeoclimate. Themeteorite crater is a major target of the project ConcentricImpact Structures in the Palaeozoic (CISP) in theframework of the Swedish Deep Drilling Program.Studies of Ordovician and Silurian strata in the SiljanDistrict have a long tradition and many scientific papersdeal with the geology of the area. The Palaeozoicsuccession starts with the Tremadocian Obolusconglomerate, the youngest pre-Caledonian strata areMiddle Silurian shales of the Nederberga Formation.However, exposures are limited, there are few continoussections, and the Early Palaeozoic sedimentary rocksresting on the Precambrian basement are incompletelyinvestigated.Detailed sedimentological and biostratigraphicalstudies of the cores and the Nittsjö trench together withanalysis of the carbon isotope chemostratigraphy will allowintra- and intercontinental correlations and the dating ofCaledonian movements. Our preliminary studies show thatdifferent and yet undefined facies belts are preserved in theSiljan District. The recent findings of palaeokarst in thearea together with similar new findings in other parts ofBaltoscandia reflect times of subaerial exposure of thebasin regionally and challange the idea that theBaltoscandian basin was a deep and tranquil depositionalenvironment.Our preliminary data provide a first base forreinterpretations of this part of Sweden, previouslyregarded as representing a stable cratonic area unaffectedby the Caledonian collision between Baltica and Laurentia.The erosional unconformity and the substantial hiatusbetween Middle Ordovician limestones and late EarlySilurian shales in the western part of the crater suggests anextended period of uplift and erosion presumably related toflexural forebulge migration toward the east due to tectonicloading by the Caledonian nappes to the west. The Lowerto Middle Ordovician carbonate succession is only about21 m thick, with a sharp flooding surface on top of theMid-Ordovician Holen Formation. The overlyingsiliciclastic succession (Upper Llandovery, based ongraptolite data) comprises a minimum thickness of about224 m. The sudden deepening after the eastward migrationof the forebulge is indicated by rapid deposition of shalesand shale/mudstones displaying unstable conditionsexpressed by megaslumps, debris flows, turbidites andseveral synsedimentary tectonic features. The intercalationof a sandstone unit reflects a strong regression in this shalebasin followed by rapid transgression and deposition ofdark, organic-rich shale and mudstone.In contrast to this development, a classicalOrdovician/Silurian carbonate/shale succession, well103 IODP/ICDP Kolloquium Kiel, 07. – 09.03.2012Figure 6: Bathymetry map of Lake Ohrid. Proposed sites aremarked by the red dots.Figure 5: Multichannel seismic line crossing the DEEP-Site inthe central basin of Lake Ohrid.known from other parts of Sweden, formed in the northern(Skattungbyn-Kallholn), northeastern (Furudal), andsoutheastern part (Boda) of the Siljan District. Detailedsampling of the cores for stable isotopes, thermal maturity,geochemistry, sediment provenance, facies and microfaciesstudies in the autumn of 2011 now helps in solvingregional problems as well as stratigraphical andpalaeogeographical questions.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_martinssonolof_1997,
  title = {Tectonic setting and metallogeny of the Kiruna greenstones},
  author = {Martinsson, Olof},
  year = {1997},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Luleå tekniska universitet},
  keywords = {malmgeologi; ore geology},
  abstract = {The Paleoproterozoic Kiruna Greenstones belong to a large c. 2.1 Ga tholeiitic province in the north-eastern part of the Baltic Shield. The mainly basaltic volcanism was related to an event of continental rifting, which ended up with continental rupture. The occurrence of komattites, picrites and thick piles of tholeiites in the northern parts of Sweden, Norway and Finland is in contrast to the sedimentary dominated areas in central-eastern Finland. This suggests the location of a mantle plume to the northern area, which generated the large volumes of mantle melts. The stratigraphical record of the well preserved Kiruna Greenstone Group demonstrates a change from initial clastic sedimentation, evaporate deposition and WPB-type volcanism to later extensive volcanism of flood basalt character. Subsequent crustal thinning generated MORB-type magmas by decompressional mantle melting. The later development of a subaqueous basin was accompanied by a change to explosive volcanism, and large amounts of volcaniclastic material was formed by Surtseyan eruptions. During ocean opening along a line from Ladoga to Lofoten a NNE-directed failed rift-arm was formed. This is expressed by rapid basin subsidence and voluminous eruption of MORB-type pillowlava, which created an anomalous environment of local extent within the greenstone domain. Basin shoaling and subsequent uplift and erosion of the rifted margin marks an end of the rift event. Two different types of economic sulfide deposits occur in the Kiruna Greenstones, syngenetic Cu-(Zn) ores of exhalative origin (Viscaria-type), and epigenetic Cu-Au ores (Pahtohavare-type). Both types are formed from highly saline hydrothermal fluids, but they are clearly different in metal association, ore related alteration and ore character. Conspicuous for the Viscaria-type is the occurrence of stacked blanket-shaped mineralizations of magnetite and sulfides, and the layered structure of high-grade Cu-ore, which is explained by repeated exhalative activity and deposition of the ores in brinepools. The most productive ore was formed in association with the main stage of basin subsidence and MORB-type volcanism in the failed rift. Faults parallel with the rift axis acted as channels for the ore fluids, and controlled the shape and location of brine-pool in which the ore was precipitated. Ores of the Pahtohavare-type have formed in zones of active ductile to brittle shearing. In detail the location of ores are mainly lithologically controlled by black schists, which has acted as chemical traps. The ores are hosted by albite felsites, and surrounded by characteristic zones of scapolite-biotite alteration. Calcopyrite and pyrite are the main ore minerals and they occur mainly as veinlets, veins and matrix to brecciated albite felsite. Ferro-dolomite is a characteristic ore related mineral formed in several generations from early dissemination in albite felsite, gangue to ore minerals and late barren veins. The Viscaria and Pahtohavare deposits are different in many respects to typical massive sulfide deposits and Au-ores in most other greenstone terrains. This is mainly due to their formation from highly saline solution, which is a common feature of both exhalative and epigenetic sulfide deposits formed in continental rift environments. Thus, the existence of evaporitic sediments at the base of the Kiruna Greenstones may be of major metallogenetic importance for this region, serving as a source for saline hydrothermal fluids.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_pekkalarisa_2003,
  title = {Kola River water quality},
  author = {Pekka, Larisa and Öhlander, Björn},
  year = {2003},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Luleå tekniska universitet},
  keywords = {applied geology; tillämpad geologi},
  abstract = {The Kola River in the northern part of the Kola Peninsula, northwestern Russia, flows into the Barents Sea via the Kola Bay. The river is a unique place for reproduction of salmon and an important drinking water source for more than 500 000 people of Murmansk and of surrounding municipalities. To evaluate the environmental status of the Kola river watershed on the basis of the hydrogeochemical characteristics sampling of the dissolved (<0.22 µm) and suspended (>0.22 µm) phases on fourteen sites along the Kola river and its tributaries was performed during July 2001, September 2001, April 2002, May 2002 and July 2002. Major(Ca, K, Mg, Na, S, Si, HCO3 and Cl), trace (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb,Sr, Ti, and Zn) elements, total and particulate organic carbon(TOC and POC), nitrogen and phosphorous were analysed. Surprisingly, the levels of major nutrients (P and N), as well of major and trace elements in the Kola River, with the exception of Na, Cl, Cu, Zn and Ni, were close to natural baseline levels of other boreal rivers of circumpolar regions, much lower than was anticipated from the speculative earlier reports of extensive contamination from the Kola River to the Arctic See. The comparison with the boreal pristine Kalix River, Northern Sweden, shows that, except for Na, Cl, Cu, Zn and Ni, which 2-3 times exceed the concentrations in the Kalix River, the levels of other major and trace elements are close to or even below the levels in the Kalix River. However, the results also demonstrate that pollutants from the two major point sources:1) Mine tailings and the dam of the iron ore concentration plant in Olenegorsk in the upper part of the basin and 2) the Varlamov, the Medveziy and the Zemlyanoy creeks, draining the area of the large agricultural enterprises in the lower part of the watershed, have a major influence on the water quality of the Kola River. Seasonal variations in Ca, Mg, Na, S, Cl, HCO3, Mo, Sr and Ba show patterns similar to the conductivity with the highest concentrations during low flow discharge in winter and lowest values during spring snow melt in May due to dilution. The main transport of dissolved Al,Mn, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn occurs during high water discharge (spring flood in May), related to release of air-borne pollutants accumulated in the snow pack in the drainage area by an intensive snowmelt in May, whereas the minimum in concentrations appears during low water discharge in winter (September for Zn). The data on speciation of metals in water column show that the dominant migration of Sr,Mo, Ba, As and Cu in the Kola River occurs in dissolved (<0.22 µm) phase (>90% of the total concentration), whereas 40-60% of the transport of Co, Al, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cr occur in the suspended phase (>0.22 µm).}
}

@mastersthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_shcherbakovaelena_2006,
  title = {Geochemical and hydrological aspects of interactions between water and mine waste},
  author = {Shcherbakova, Elena},
  year = {2006},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Luleå tekniska universitet},
  keywords = {applied geology; tillämpad geologi},
  abstract = {This thesis presents laboratory studies of sulphidic mine tailings remediated by flooding, and a pilot-scale study of dry cover for remediation of unoxidised sulphide-rich tailings. At the Kristineberg Zn-Cu mine in northern Sweden, sulphide-rich, poorly buffered tailings have been deposited in five impoundments located along a valley. By increasing pH by liming, thereby reducing metal mobility, a water-covered downstream impoundment is made to function as a trap for metals released from the till-covered impoundments upstream. As a result of the liming, a calcite-gypsum sludge has been formed on the tailings. The potential metal release from the sludge during resuspension events and in a long-term perspective was investigated by performing a shake flask test and sequential extraction of the sludge. A laboratory mixing experiment was performed to simulate the flocculation processes that occur in limed tailings ponds if stream water is diverted through a pond as a part of a remediation programme. The laboratory studies showed that the sequentially extracted carbonate and oxide fractions together contained ≥ 97% of the total amount of Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the sludge. The association of these metals with carbonates and oxides appears to result from sorption and/or co-precipitation reactions at the surfaces of calcite and Fe, Al and Mn oxyhydroxides forming in the impoundment. In the shake flask test, remobilisation of Zn, Cu, Cd and Co (at a pH of 7-9) from the sludge resulted in dissolved concentrations of these metals that were significantly lower than those predicted to result from dissolution of the carbonate fraction of the sludge. This may suggest that cationic Zn, Cu, Cd and Co remobilised from dissolving calcite, gypsum and Al oxyhydroxides were readsorbed onto Fe oxyhydroxides remaining stable under oxic conditions. The laboratory mixing experiment showed that the flocculants that settled were rich in C (18 wt%) and acid leachable Fe (14-19wt%). Thus, organic matter and Fe oxyhydroxides appear to form substantial fractions of the flocculants. Trace metal uptake in the flocculants that settled in the mixing bottles resulted in removal of Cd, Co, Cu and Zn from the dissolved phase. Another part this thesis work focuses on the hydrological aspects of dry covers. The water balance in well-defined, pilot-scale systems with various types of dry cover applied on mine tailings at the Kristineberg site has been studied. Experimental studies of water infiltration through dry covers on sulphidic tailings can be used for predicting cover performance and cover design parameters relating to the same climate conditions and the same type of tailings. For this purpose, different multilayer covers have been applied in pilot-scale test cells. Clayey till, sewage sludge, Trisoplast (a mixture of a polymer, bentonite and tailings sand) and fine-grained apatite are used as sealing layers, on top of which a protective cover of unspecified till has been applied. To be able to evaluate the behaviour of the multilayer covers in tailings-impoundment scale, and to predict how the different barrier constructions influence infiltration rate and water balance, the experimental soil covers have been monitored for water percolation, climate conditions and frost penetration. The different infiltration rates in different cells were discussed. The initial results for the first two years of monitoring suggest that the apatite concentrate as a sealing layer is more promising in reducing net infiltration than a 0.3 m thick clayey till. The high fractions of water percolated through the sealing layers (~30% of precipitation) may be explained by the absence of natural run-off from the experimental cells. The results show that snowmelt, freezing of the soil and differences in soil hydraulic properties appear to have effects on the differences in water balance in the cells.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_peinerudelsa_2000,
  title = {Geochemistry of suspended material and sediments in boreal lakes},
  author = {Peinerud, Elsa},
  year = {2000},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Luleå tekniska universitet},
  keywords = {applied geology; tillämpad geologi},
  abstract = {The geochemistry of suspended material and sediment has been studied in four boreal lakes: Lakes Kutsasjärvi, Sakajärvi, and Ala Lombolo in northern Sweden and Lake Imandra on the Kola Peninsula, Russia. Suspended material and filtered water have been sampled in time series and depth profiles. The suspended material is collected on filters, which are dissolved and analyzed. Sediment cores from all lakes are taken. Major and trace element analyses are mainly performed by ICP–QMS and ICP–AES. The main theme in this thesis is the relation between the suspended material and the sediment, and the geochemical cycling of elements within the lakes. In this context, processes like biological production and decomposition, and precipitation and dissolution of inorganic phases are important. Special attention is paid to redox processes of Fe and Mn, and to the implications of these processes. A thorough discussion of diatom Si in sediments and suspended material is also included. The high concentrations of organic material and diatom Si in the water column of Lake Kutsasjärvi during summer dilutes most other components, rendering these concentrations lower in the suspended material than in the sediment. The non-detrital fractions (i.e., the fraction that is not related to primary mineral particles) of all major elements are, however, higher in the suspended material, partly as a consequence of higher dissolution rates of diatom Si and non-detrital Fe and Mn in the sediment, but also because no sampling of suspended material was performed during spring-flood, when the inflow of detrital particles (i.e., minerogenic particles deriving from the mechanical weathering of rocks) is probably highest. Like the major elements, most trace elements show higher concentrations in the sediment than in the suspended matter. The enrichment of trace elements in the suspended material, compared with detrital particles, is, however, higher. During winter, when Lake Kutsasjärvi is ice-covered, the redox cycle of Fe is a dominant process in the bottom water. There, particulate Ca, Mg, and P co-vary with particulate Fe. Similarly, several trace elements appear to be associated with non-detrital Fe, e.g., As, Mo, U, and V. Barium and Co, that have often been observed to co-vary with Mn, are correlated with both Fe and Mn in Lake Kutsasjärvi, probably as a consequence of the strong dominance of Fe over Mn in the bottom water suspended matter. For, e.g, Ba, Cr, Cu, and Ni, detrital particles are the most important source to the sediment. Besides non-detrital Fe and Mn and detrital particles, organic matter may be an important source of trace metals to the sediment. Further, anthropogenic aerosols are suggested to be important for the flux of Cd, Pb, and Zn to the sediment. The normalization method for estimating diatom Si is evaluated by comparing the calculated non-detrital Si concentrations in sediments and suspended material with the concentration of diatom frustules, as counted under a microscope. The results show a fairly good agreement between the methods, where deviations can be attributed to, e.g., greatly varying diatom cell sizes. Concentration variations of non-detrital Si in three sediment profiles are examined. It is suggested that controlling factors behind the variations may include varying degrees of dilution by detrital material; increasing dissolution rate with depth of the diatom remains, possibly linked to a decreasing redox potential which affects protective coatings; and fluctuations of the primary diatom production. The highly polluted (with regard to, e.g., Ni, S, and P) Lake Imandra presents an interesting object for studying how natural geochemical processes work in disturbed systems. In the nearly anoxic bottom water of the ice- covered Lake Imandra, the redox cycle of Mn plays an important role. It controls the distribution of Ni and some other trace elements between the dissolved and particulate phases. A substantial sulphide formation in the sediment, probably a consequence of the increased SO42- loading into the lake, enables an efficient fixation of metals.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_shaghudeyohannaw_2001,
  title = {Shallow water carbonate basin of the Zanzibar channel, Tanzania},
  author = {Shaghude, Yohanna W},
  year = {2001},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Stockholm University},
  keywords = {allmän och historisk geologi; general and historical geology},
  abstract = {The shallow water carbonate basin of the Zanzibar channel, Tanzania, has been investigated. This study discusses and describes the sea bottom topographic features, sediment composition, major characteristics of sediment distribution, provenance of sediments, and the depositional settings of the sediments . Zanzibar Channel consists of a Acentral deep@, a feature which is about 30-40 m in depth and approximately in the middle of the channel. The central deep is flanked to the east by an irregular topography, and to the west by a smooth topography. The morphological differences between the two sides of the channel are interpreted as partly caused by the differences in the tectonic development and partly due to differences in the deposition of land derived sediments on either side of the channel. The observed physiographic and tectonic difference between the western and eastern side of the channel have to a large extent controlled the major trends found in the sediment composition and distributions. The surface sediment composition is dominantly of biogenic origin except adjacent to the mainland coastline where the flux of siliciclastic (terrigenous) material from Rivers Ruvu and Wami occur along an approximately 5 km coastal band, and a thin lobe which projects from River Ruvu to the middle of the channel. The minor contribution of siliciclastic sediments originating from Zanzibar Island are generally limited to the intertidal areas west of the island. The lack of significant siliciclastic flux from Zanzibar Island and the shallow nature of the basin are considered to be the leading factors which have contributed to the development of the carbonate basin. The biogenic composition of the sediments in the channel is dominated by benthic foraminifera, followed by molluscs (pelecypods and gastropods) and corals.The mineralogy of the siliciclastic sediment is dominated by quartz, feldspar and hornblende. A possible source for the terrigenous sediments in the western part of the channel is the metamorphic rocks of the Mozambique belt. The siliciclastic sediments on the eastern side of the channel are most probably reworked materials from the Masingini ridge sandstones north of Zanzibar Town and former beach ridges, but the possible origin from the western side of the channel cannot totally be ruled out. Three bio-physiographic zones of the sediments in the basin have been discriminated: 1- the coastal zone, 2- the reef platforms/patch reefs zone and 3- the central channel zone. The Tidal Dominated Reef Platform Environment (TDPRE) east of the Zanzibar channel is further subdivided into two subdivisions; northern and southern. The current pattern in the TDPRE sediments is influenced by the ebb-flood tidal phases and the local variability of the topography in the area. Satellite remote sensing data has been used to investigate the nearshore bathymetry in some parts of the TDPRE sediments and the preliminary results of the study demonstrated that remote sensing approach may potentially be used for the nearshore bathymetric mapping of the Tanzanian coast, but the approach used by the present study needs to be further tested using other vegetation types. Remote sensing has also been used to investigate the coastal sediment dynamics in an accreting coast proximal to the river. The current growth rate of the Ruvu delta is potentially threatening the future existence of the Zanzibar channel carbonate basin, with its associated ecosystem. Future studies are therefore focusing on further investigation on the most important significant factors which have influenced the recent growth of the delta. The satellite remote sensing approach is being proposed for the future studies in other coastal sedimentary environments of Tanzania, as it might be the best and most cost effective option for obtaining the lacking geological data in the Tanzania integrated coastal zone management studies. The present study also recommends for further grab sampling in the central and western parts of the channel, as well as further analysis of the carbonate sediments. The suggested studies would shed further light on the hydraulic regime of the carbonate sediments and its bio-physiographic setting.}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dibaldassarregiuliano_2010,
  title = {Coarse resolution SAR imagery to support flood inundation models in near real time},
  author = {Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Schumann, G. and Brandimarte, L. and Bates, P. and Lacoste-Francis, H.},
  year = {2010},
  journal = {ESA SP},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {water cycle science},
  issn = {0379-6566}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_linderssonsara_2023,
  title = {The use of global data to uncover how humans shape flood and drought risk},
  author = {Lindersson, Sara},
  year = {2023},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis},
  keywords = {natural hazards; hydrological disasters; environmental geography; global geospatial data; international databases; disaster losses; disaster consequences; water management; dams and reservoirs; floodplains; hydrological drought; social vulnerability; economic inequality; anthropocene; earth science with specialization in environmental analysis; geovetenskap med inriktning mot miljöanalys},
  abstract = {The human consequences of flood and drought disasters are widespread and detrimental. Large-scale studies, drawing on global geodata products and international databases, can systematically examine how anthropogenic megatrends shape disaster risk and test the generalisability of findings from other scientific methodologies. However, the top-down lens of these global studies often misses the pivotal role that human societies play in shaping disaster risk, including how water management influences physical hazards and how political factors shape social vulnerability. It is precisely this tension – characterised by the need for global perspectives alongside the need to incorporate human influences in the study of disaster risk – that motivates my research.This thesis specifically examines how observations from global data can leverage our understanding of how humans shape hydrological disaster risk, in terms of the hazard, human exposure and social vulnerability. To this end, the thesis draws on multiple methodologies across four individual studies, including one scoping review and three quantitative geospatial studies. The findings of this thesis provide insights into 1) how the landscape of global data shapes disaster studies and 2) how human societies shape disaster risk.For the former, my thesis shows that key data opportunities and challenges vary across disaster types and risk dimensions. Addressing each of these limitations is important because of the interrelated nature of disaster risk. The thesis also underlines how the pursuit of transforming fragmented disaster knowledge into holistic and useful information would encounter fewer obstacles if the global datasets were more integrated or, at the very least, more compatible. Databases recording past disaster losses serve as a natural place for such an integration.For the latter, this thesis brings to light the heterogeneous impact that large-scale infrastructure projects can have on disaster risk, by showing that river regulation does not serve as a universal solution for reducing long-term drought risk. The thesis also highlights the central role of human exposure and economic inequality in shaping human losses during severe flood disasters. Taken together, this underlines the importance of addressing root causes of vulnerability to reduce fatalities during disasters.}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_yankun_2014,
  title = {Exploring the Potential of SRTM Topography and Radar Altimetry to Support Flood Propagation Modeling: Danube Case Study},
  author = {Yan, Kun and Tarpanelli, Angelica and Balint, Gabor and Moramarco, Tommaso and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano},
  year = {2014},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrologic Engineering},
  language = {eng}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_nyberglars_2022,
  title = {New data sources for cloudburst risk assessment and management},
  author = {Nyberg, Lars and Mobini, Shifteh and Karagiorgos, Konstantinos and Olsson, Jonas and Larsson, Rolf and Petersson, Louise and Van de Beek, Remco and Gustafsson, Kristin and Grahn, Tonje},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Vatten: tidskrift för vattenvård /Journal of Water Management and research},
  volume = {2},
  number = {78},
  pages = {2},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Föreningen Vatten},
  abstract = {Urbana översvämningar orsakar stora samhällsskador och skyfallens snabba och lokala karaktär gör dem svåra att observera, förutsäga och varna för. Det finns också brist på data om översvämningsskador, främst på grund av knapp och icke-systematisk datainsamling och -hantering. I denna artikel presenterar vi ett nytt forskningsprojekt: SPARC. Det övergripande syftet med projektet är att förbättra säkerheten i städer i samband med skyfall genom ett deltagardrivet arbete för insamling av data som stöd för analyser och modellering av urbana översvämningsrisker, och för att i förlängningen anpassa den byggda miljön till intensiv nederbörd. Projektet kommer också att undersöka mekanismerna bakom översvämningsskador samt utvärdera och kommunicera småskaliga anpassningsåtgärder. Kommunala VA-organisationer och företrädare för försäkringsbranschen kommer att ingå i en tvärvetenskaplig process, som även inkluderar insamling av data från medborgare, och riskkommunikation med fastighetsägare.},
  issn = {0042-2886}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_haasjan_2022,
  title = {Social sårbarhet för klimatrelaterade hot: Delstudie 2: Generella och hotspecifika index för social sårbarhet i Sverige},
  author = {Haas, Jan and Karagiorgos, Konstantinos and Pettersson, Andreas and de Goër de Herve, Mathilde and Gustavsson, Johanna and Koivisto, Jenni and Turesson, Kenny and Nyberg, Lars},
  year = {2022},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap (MSB)},
  keywords = {geomatik; geomatics; risk and environmental studies; risk- och miljöstudier},
  abstract = {Denna rapport, som redovisar del 2 av projektet Social sårbarhet för klimatrelaterade hot, syftar till att ta fram ett generellt sårbarhetsindex för Sverige, men också specifika index för tre olika naturhot: översvämning (älv respektive kust), skogsbrand och ras/skred/erosion. För dessa specifika index har sårbarheten kombinerats med en bedömd exponering för de tre olika hoten. Analysen är gjord på kommun- och RegSO-nivå.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_grenanneli_2007,
  title = {Seasonal variation and landscape regulation of dissolved organic carbon concentrations and character in Swedish boreal streams},
  author = {Ågren, Anneli},
  year = {2007},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap},
  keywords = {doc; temporal variation; spatial variation; seasonal variation; forested catchment; wetland catchment; catchment characteristics; doc characteristics; absorbance-ratio; bioavailability.},
  abstract = {The seasonal variation and landscape regulation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in streams have been studied in two watersheds in the boreal zone. The seasonal variation was found to be highly correlated to variations in runoff. An increase in runoff was always accompanied with an increase in DOC concentration. However, there were indications that the TOC concentration was restricted by the soil TOC pool during snowmelt. The main factors affecting DOC exports varied between seasons. During winter baseflow the spatial variation in DOC exports was strongly influenced by wetland coverage, during snowmelt the exports were correlated to factors describing the size and location of the catchment, and during the snow-free season they were heavily affected by the proportions of wetlands and forests in the catchments. Small headwaters had the highest terrestrial DOC export, per unit area. The properties of the DOC changed during spring flood, towards lower molecular weight and more aliphatic compounds. These changes affected the bioavailability of the DOC, which increased during spring flood. There were also differences in the DOC properties between wetlands and forest soils; the forested soils yielded DOC with lower molecular weight (measured as 254 nm/365 nm light absorbance ratios), largely from superficial layers that were activated during high flow events, while wetland soils generally provided a more constant carbon source with higher molecular weight. The majority of the DOC was exported by wetlands, but most of the short-term bioavailable DOC (BP7) was derived from the forests, during the spring flood period, indicating that bacterial production in streams and lakes is likely to be almost entirely based on DOC exported from forested areas during, and some time after, the spring flood event.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_christensonnina_2018,
  title = {Geography teacher students’ discussions when playing a spatial planning game with focus on sustainable urban planning.},
  author = {Christenson, Nina},
  year = {2018},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {geography; geografi; risk- och miljöstudier; risk and environmental studies},
  abstract = {Previous research has shown that games can facilitate learning of complex processes. This study investigates future geography teachers’ arguments when playing an urban spatial planning game. The game consists of a mat where small models represents residential buildings, institutions such as schools, hospital, police etcetera in a flood-prone area. A play master gives instructions to plan and develop the city. The game has a turning point, the city is exposed to severe flooding and afterwards the students are asked how to rearrange the city to become more resilient. The research questions include; when playing the game – A) what aspects does the students include when planning an urban area? B) what risks does the students identify? C) what preventive actions in order to increase the city’s resilience does the students identify after playing the game? A total of seven students participated in this study, all of whom studying to become upper secondary geography teachers. The game lasted for 40 minutes, was video recorded and transcribed. The inductive analysis focused on what aspects students considered in planning a city, both before and after the flooding for example to build further away from water and increase green areas, as well as what risks the students could identify. The results indicate that this type of game induce the students to, in a social setting, discuss and develop their understanding of sustainable urban planning and that this can be a valuable tool, both in school but also at the university level. }
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_marquesmarcia_2004,
  title = {Environmental and socioeconomic impacts associated with climate changes in Brazil},
  author = {Marques, Marcia and Hogland, William},
  year = {2004},
  journal = {Climate Change},
  pages = {397--414},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: CRC Press},
  keywords = {environmental technology},
  abstract = {Some physical, human, economic and cultural characteristics of the five regions of Brazil (North, Northeast, Southeast, South and Middle West) are generally described. Severe environmental as well as socioeconomic impacts due to climatic changes in Brazil are addressed (e.g. precipitation decrease in the north, drought in the northeast and flooding in south Brazil during El Niño, with reverse effect in the same regions during La Nin´a). Increasing deforestation of Amazon forests is expected to contribute significantly to the regional changes in the hydrological cycle.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_lewisjoshua_2015,
  title = {Deltaic Dilemmas: Ecologies of Infrastructure in New Orleans},
  author = {Lewis, Joshua},
  year = {2015},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University},
  keywords = {infrastructure; new orleans; resilience; historical ecology; urban ecology; disturbance; naturresurshushållning; natural resources management},
  abstract = {This thesis explores the relationship between water infrastructure, ecological change, and the politics of planning in New Orleans and the Mississippi River Delta, USA. Complex assemblages of water control infrastructure have been embedded in the delta over the last several centuries in an effort to keep its cities protected from floodwaters and maintain its waterways as standardized conduits for maritime transportation. This thesis investigates the historical development of these infrastructural interventions in the delta’s dynamics, and shows how the region’s eco-hydrology is ensnared in the politics and materiality of pipes, pumps, canals, locks, and levees. These historical entanglements complicate contemporary efforts to enact large-scale ecosystem restoration, even while the delta’s landscape is rapidly eroding into the sea. This historical approach is extended into the present through an examination of how waterway standards established at so-called chokepoints in the global maritime transportation system (the Panama Canal, for example) become embedded and contested in coastal landscapes and port cities worldwide. Turning towards urban ecology, the thesis examines socioecological responses to the flooding following Hurricane Katrina in 2005, with a special focus on how infrastructure failures, flooding intensity, and land abandonment are driving changing vegetation patterns in New Orleans over the past decade. The thesis contributes new conceptual language for grappling with the systemic relations bound up in water infrastructure, and develops one of the first studies describing urban ecosystem responses to prolonged flooding and post-disaster land management. This provides insights into the impending planning challenges facing New Orleans and coastal cities globally, where rising sea levels are bringing about renewed attention to how infrastructure is implicated in patterns of ecological change, hazard exposure, resilience, and social inequality.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_opachtomasz_2020,
  title = {Towards a Route Planner Supporting Pedestrian Navigation in Hazard Exposed Urban Areas},
  author = {Opach, Tomasz and Navarra, Carlo and Rød, Jan Ketil and Schmid Neset, Tina-Simone},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Blacksburg, VA (USA)},
  abstract = {This study aimsto design a routeplanner functionality that includesreal-time context information from physical sensors and citizen observations to support pedestrian navigation in urban areas exposed to extreme heat and floods. Urban population is growing and people living in urban areas are especially exposed to heat and urban flooding, whichare two of the anticipated effects of climate change. Route planning functionality can be of value to individual citizens, especially those with limited mobility, as well as for healthcare professionals and authoritieswho are responsible for crisis response and management. Although the route planner functionality is to be experimentally implemented in a specific toolwith the use of broadly available web technologies and real time data, a major generic outcome is theframework that can be used to develop the functionality as part of a decision support toolof any kind}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_reedmark_2010,
  title = {Policy options for sustainable management of UK peatlands},
  author = {Reed, Mark and Buckmaster, Sarah and Moxey, Andrew and Keenleyside, Clunie and Fazey, Ioan and Scott, Alister and Thomson, Ken and Thorp, Simon and Anderson, R. and Bateman, Ian and Bryce, Ros and Christie, Mike and Glass, Jayne and Hubacek, Klaus and Quinn, Claire and Maffey, Gina and Midgely, Andrew and Robinson, Guy and Stringer, Lindsay and Lowe, Phillip and Slee, Bill},
  year = {2010},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {peatland; ecosystem services; climate; landscape; policy},
  abstract = {UK peatlands provide society with a wide range of ecosystem services: in good condition, they help regulate our climate, provide clean water, reduce downstream flood risk, support wildlife and provide us all with wild, open landscapes in which to roam and escape. However, many peatlands have been damaged by human activities such as drainage, over-grazing and infrastructure development. With changes to EU policy influencing the management of these landscapes and climate change adding additional pressures, now is a crucial time to examinehow best to secure the ecosystem services provided by peatlands. Using existing literature and inputs from members of the policy, practitioner and research community, this technical review assesses some of the most important biophysical, socio-economic and market drivers of change in UK peatlands and considers a variety of policy options to facilitate sustainable peatland management.}
}

@mastersthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_rydstedtnymanmonika_2016,
  title = {Managing knowledge sharing of extreme weather induced impacts on land transport infrastructure: Case study of the Swedish Transport Administration},
  author = {Rydstedt Nyman, Monika},
  year = {2016},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Karlstads universitet},
  keywords = {lessons learned; risk management; climate change adaptation; accident investigation method; extreme weather events; natural hazard; land transport infrastructure; maintenance; kunskapsåterföring; risk hantering; klimatanpassning; olycksutredningsmetod; naturolyckor; landtransport infrastruktur; underhåll; risk- och miljöstudier; risk and environmental studies},
  abstract = {Extreme weather events and effects of climate change are threats to the transport sector’s functionality and safety. Risk management in this context implies a necessity to focus on the connection between near-term experiences and coping strategies on one hand, and long-term adaptation analyses on the other. How learning from past events and subsequent knowledge sharing can be adopted is a question that needs to be explored, discussed and tested. A systematic approach to lessons learned calls for measures of investigation, reporting, planning, implementation and evaluation. A qualitative case study approach was used in this thesis. In the first paper the practices of accident investigation in operation and maintenance were inventoried within the Swedish Transport Administration (STA). Three accident investigation methods were applied and tested on a cloudburst event, causing flooding in a railway tunnel in Sweden. In the second paper, semi-structured interviews, documents, and archival records were used as means for penetrating deeper into the attitudes and understanding of lessons learned concerning extreme weather events within a procured public-private partnership. The results of the two studies showed weak signals of feedback on lessons learned. Partly, these weak signals could be traced back to weak steering signals. Various obstacles impeded learning curves from lessons learned. The obstacles were of both hard and soft values, e.g. resources in time and equipment, systematic investigation methods, incentives for lessons learned, education and knowledge, values, norms and attitudes towards how and why identified problems should be solved. Successful knowledge sharing requires that close attention is paid to such obstacles and that an adaptive approach is adopted.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_eversmariele_2011,
  title = {Coherence and inconsistency of European instruments for integrated river basin management},
  author = {Evers, Mariele and Nyberg, Lars},
  year = {2011},
  language = {eng},
  abstract = {Room for the River projects increase the level of flood protection by enlarging theconveyance and reducing hydraulic roughness. As a consequence sediment transportcapacities are reduced as well, causing shoals and a reduced navigation channel. Thelarge number of Room for the River measures and European Framework Directive(WFD) measures, aiming at an increase of the ecological potential (e.g. sidechannels), will result in much dredging, if no structural measures are implemented.The expected amount of dredging will be too large to handle. Therefore research isexecuted to limit the dredging effort by executing mitigating measures. Old principlesof irrigation are given new attention to be applied to side channels and channelsbetween longitudinal dams and the river bank ('bank channels'). A new round ofnormalisation works may be necessary, to limit dredging activities. Boundaryconditions for river managemant are stopping autonomous bed degradation andeconomic sustainability of sets of measures that can cope with the hydromorphologicconsequences of the Room for the River and WFD measures}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_alavaishaedmond_2020,
  title = {Agricultural expansion impacts on wetland ecosystem services from Kilombero Valley, Tanzania},
  author = {Alavaisha, Edmond},
  year = {2020},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University},
  keywords = {ecosystem services; land use change; management practices; fertilization; irrigation; water quality; and smallholder},
  abstract = {Land use change has major impact on the world’s wetland ecosystems and biodiversity. The motivation behind this change has been to increase agricultural production, often resulting in negative effects on water quality and soil fertility. Tanzania has carried out a large expansion and intensification of agriculture under the Kilimo kwanza (First agriculture) initiative which has triggered the need for better knowledge on land use change effects and associated ecosystem functioning. This thesis considers small-scale irrigation schemes to understand the effects of agriculture expansion and farming practices on nutrients, water quality and ecosystem services (ES) in Kilombero Valley, Tanzania. The study approach is multidisciplinary involving interviews, remote sensing, geographical information system techniques, and in-field soil and water ecological sampling. The major land use change in the valley during the last three decades was transformation from forest, bushland and grassland into cultivated land. The rate of change was faster adjacent to irrigation schemes and most changes occurred downstream irrigation canals, close to the floodplain. Irrigation and fertilization contributed to soil carbon and nitrogen accumulation in crop fields, which both declined in concentration with depth into the soil. However, such management practices and agricultural land expansion had impacts on several ES – especially water quality in streams. Streams surrounded mainly by cultivated land, as well as downstream areas, had lower water quality compared to streams with less settlement, more natural vegetation and upstream areas. Furthermore, when evaluated, macroinvertebrates indices were found to be a good indicator of water quality and a complement to chemical and physical water analysis. Irrigation farming produced more food compared to rainfed farming, and also other ES such as flood regulation, erosion control and several cultural services, depending on the river discharge. The thesis shows the importance to use irrigation/fertilization management to enhance soil fertility and preserve soil structure, but also the need for proper irrigation management to prevent flooding and erosion, conserve natural vegetation, and protect water quality. To enhance nature conservation, preserve biodiversity and secure future supply of ES in the valley, investment in irrigation infrastructures should be done at small-scale to mitigate the large-scale exploitation of Kilombero wetland.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_livseyjohn_2021,
  title = {Sustainable agriculture: From global challenges to local land management},
  author = {Livsey, John},
  year = {2021},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University},
  keywords = {agriculture; irrigation; nutrients; soil properties; water management; fertilisation},
  abstract = {Despite the success of agriculture management practices in increasing the availability of food needed to meet the requirements of the expanding global population, there are increasing demands placed on the resources on which the sector depends. Opportunities for the development of agricultural systems are constrained by increasing competition, from other sectors, for shared resources. In tackling this constraint, agricultural management solutions are often narrowly focused on problems related to single resources. But this single focus may lead to unintended trade-offs. To make sound management decisions, there is a need to better understand trade-offs which may occur from resource use efficiency solutions implemented in the agricultural sector. With a particular focus on soil and water resources, the aim of this thesis was to investigate trade-offs that occur, when meeting demands placed on agriculture systems, if management solutions are narrowly focused. Broadly, we hypothesize that approaches to land management that take a more holistic view of agricultural systems being part of an ecosystem mosaic should be adopted to ensure sustainability. A global assessment of potential land requirements shows that national level production of sufficiently nutritious food may be constrained by land availability, such that allocation of land to nutritious crop production might come at the cost of lost land for other crops or uses. This constraint will be the most prevalent in African states. In further studies, we focused on the management of water resources, which are becoming particularly limiting for crops that have high water demands, such as rice. Through a meta-analysis of paired plot experiments, which assessed the effect of water saving irrigation in rice production, and soil sampling within An Giang, a major rice producing province of Vietnam, we examined the effect of water management practices on soil properties. The meta-analysis finds that significant reductions in soil organic carbon, and potentially organic matter bound nutrients, have been observed when water efficient practices replace continual flood irrigation. This suggests that, although yield reductions may not be seen in the short term, water saving irrigation may, over time, lead to reductions in soil fertility and yields. Within An Giang province, there are concerns regarding the loss of flood-borne, nutrient rich, sediments in fields where the annual flood waters have been completely regulated. However, we find that this complete regulation does not result in reduced soil nutrient properties when compared to areas where floods are only partially regulated. The effect of different land management practices on soil properties were further explored within the Kilombero Valley, Tanzania. Comparing farming practices along a gradient of intensity, we found contrasting effects of irrigation and fertilization, with irrigation increasing soil organic carbon and fertilization reducing soil organic carbon. Overall, the results of this thesis highlight the importance of looking beyond meeting short term needs, which can have negative long term consequences. The success of land management practices implemented now do not, necessarily, equate to their continued success in the future. As demands placed on agriculture are going to increase, the long term trade-offs which may occur from present practices must be at the forefront of agricultural management.}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_pavela_2009,
  title = {Sources and emission of greenhouse gases in Danube Delta lakes},
  author = {Pavel, A. and Durisch-Kaiser, E. and Balan, S. and Radan, S. and Sobek, S. and Wehrli, B.},
  year = {2009},
  journal = {Environmental Science and Pollution Research},
  number = {16},
  pages = {86--91},
  language = {eng},
  abstract = {Production of methane and carbon dioxide as well as methane concentrations in surface waters and emissions to the atmosphere were investigated in two flow-through lake complexes (Uzlina–Isac and Puiu–Rosu–Rosulet) in the Danube Delta during post-flood conditions in May and low water level in September 2006. Retained nutrients fuelled primary production and remineralisation of bioavailable organic matter. This led to an observable net release of methane, particularly in the lakes Uzlina, Puiu and Rosu in May. Input from the Danube River, from redbuds and benthic release contributed to CH4 concentrations in surface waters. In addition to significant river input of CO2, this trace gas was released via aerobic remineralisation within the water column and in top sediments. Emission patterns of CO2 widely overlapped with those of CH4. Generally, greenhouse gas emissions peaked in the lake complex adjacent to the Danube River in May due to strong winds and decreased with increasing hydrological distance from the Danube River. Intense remineralisation of organic matter in the Danube Delta lakes results in a net source of atmospheric greenhouse gases.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_armmaria_2019,
  title = {Hållbar samhällsplanering med Backcasting-SAMLA: En metodbeskrivning},
  author = {Arm, Maria and Göransson, Gunnel and Helgesson, Helena and Kiilsgaard, Ramona and Lundqvist, Ulrika and Zetterlund, Miriam},
  year = {2019},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {Statens geotekniska institut},
  keywords = {land use; planning; decision support tool; mca; gis; sustainability; soil mechanics; contamination; pollution; climate change; sweden; swedish},
  abstract = {Backcasting-SAMLA är en systematisk metod för att bedöma åtgärder och planera stra-tegiskt för en hållbar utveckling. Metoden är utvecklad ur de två delarna Backcasting – en metod som kan användas för strategisk planering för en hållbar utveckling och SAMLA – ett verktyg för multikriterieanalys med hållbarhetsbedömning. Backcasting-SAMLA ger stöd för beslut om hållbara och genomförbara åtgärder vid exploateringen och ändrad markanvändning. Metoden är lämplig för komplexa frågeställningar med relativt långt tidsperspektiv och passar bra att använda vid exempelvis detaljplanearbetet, när det finns en aktuell översiktsplan. Denna beskrivning är framtagen inom forskningsprojektet Land Plan – Metoder som integrerar hållbarhet i kommunal planering. Den vänder sig främst till tjänstemän inom kommunen och resultatet blir mest värdefullt om många olika fackområden involveras. Förutom specialister inom fysisk planering behövs företrädare för frågor om miljö, natur, kultur, näringsliv och sociala aspekter m.m., liksom politiker. Den övergripande ambitionen i projektet Land Plan har varit att utveckla robusta metoder för att stödja hållbarhetsbedömningar med hänsyn till markanvändning, det vill säga med hänsyn till markens geotekniska förhållanden, föroreningsinnehåll, känslighet för effekter av klimatförändring (översvämning) och hållbar resurshantering. Dessa metoder ska även bidra till att göra beslutsprocessen mer transparent. Förutom Backcasting-SAMLA har GIS- verktyget Geokalkyl1 testats och vidareutvecklats inom projektet.}
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_anderssonerik_2017,
  title = {Double Insurance in Dealing with Extremes:Ecological and Social Factors for MakingNature-Based Solutions Last},
  author = {Andersson, Erik and Borgström, Sara and McPhearson, Timon},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Nature‐based Solutions to Climate Change Adaptationin Urban Areas},
  pages = {51--64},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Germany : Springer},
  keywords = {urban; green structure; climate change; nature based solutions},
  abstract = {Global urbanisation has led to extreme population densities often in areasprone to problems such as extreme heat, storm surges, coastal and surface flooding,droughts and fires. Although nature based solutions (NBS) often have specifictargets,one of the overarching objectives with NBS design and implementation is toprotect human livelihoods and well-being, not least by protecting real estate andbuilt infrastructure. However, NBS need to be integrated and spatially and functionallymatched with other land uses, which requires that their contribution to societyis recognised. This chapter will present an ecologically grounded, resilience theoryand social-ecological systems perspective on NBS, with a main focus on how functioningecosystems contribute to the ‘solutions’. We will outline some of the basicprinciples and frameworks for studying and including insurance value in worktowards climate change adaptation and resilience, with a special emphasis on theneed to address both internal and external insurance. As we will demonstratethrough real world examples as well as theory, NBS should be treated as dynamiccomponents nested within larger systems and influenced by social as well as ecologicalfactors. Governance processes seeking to build urban resilience to climatechange in cities and other urban dynamics will need to consider both layers of insurancein order to utilize the powerful role NBS can play in creating sustainable,healthy, and liveable urban systems.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_anderssonskldyvonne_2011,
  title = {Landslide risk and climate change: economic assessment of consequenses in the Göta river valley},
  author = {Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne and Falemo, Stefan and Suer, Pascal and Grahn, Tonje},
  year = {2011},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {landslide; climate change; risk; impact study; 62 road: soil mechanics},
  abstract = {According to climate change scenarios, Swedish summers will be drier, but in large parts of Sweden there will also be increased annual precipitation, more intensive precipitation and periods with increased water flows. In many areas the risk for landslides is expected to increase. In response to this the SGI, on commission of the Environmental ministry, has started a risk analysis for the Göta river valley. The results of the analysis will be used in the surveillance of the safety along the Göta river valley. The valley is one of the most frequent landslide valleys in Sweden.The area has a long history of anthropogenic activities such as settlements, shipping, industry, contaminated soil and infrastructure including large roads and railroads. A number of landslides occur every year. The landslide risk analysis of Göta river valley is performed by traditional technical risk analysis, i.e. a function of hazard probability and consequences of the hazard. Elements at risk in the valley include for example, human life, transport and other infrastructure, properties and industrial activities, contaminated land, agriculture and forestry, and intangibles such as biodiversity. Exposure, vulnerability and the monetary value related to the landslide are used to describe the consequence of the landslide.This paper shows the process and structure of this consequence analysis for natural hazards. The consequence analysis methodology can be applied generic both nationally and internationally and for several types of natural hazards such as landslides and flooding.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_beerythomas_2025,
  title = {LANDSCAPE IDENTITY, WELL-BEING, AND CLIMATE-DRIVEN DISTURBANCES IN SOUTHERN SWEDEN},
  author = {Beery, Thomas},
  year = {2025},
  language = {swe},
  abstract = {Climate-driven disturbances, including changing water levels, increased precipitation and flooding,intensified storms, and water shortages and droughts, threaten the sustainability of southern Sweden communities. However, our understanding of how individuals experience and adapt to such disturbances is limited, especially as it relates to how place theory, particularly landscape identity, can help foster enhanced well-being for vulnerable communities. This study aims to understand how individuals of Skåne, Sweden, identify with their local environment and how that identity has changed or will be changed due to a changing climate. Participants were 470 residents of Skåne who completed a PPGIS-based survey. The human relationship with landscape in a climate-changing context was explored using spatial and survey methods. One outcome was the relationship between concern for landscape change, perceived seriousness of projected change, and participants' understanding of the projected climate change impacts timeline. Specifically, residents of Skåne see climate change as a threat to their landscapes, and this threat is heightened due to a perception that severe impacts have already started or will soon. A better understanding of people-place relationships is needed, specifically, how people identify with local landscapes because of the long-standing body of knowledge related to place identity and the growing scholarship on the use of landscape as a conceptual framework for climate adaptation and mitigation, especially supporting well-being.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_islammdtariqul_2010,
  title = {RIVER CHANNEL MIGRATION: A REMOTE SENSING AND GIS ANALYSIS},
  author = {Islam, Md. Tariqul},
  year = {2010},
  journal = {Proceedings of ESA Living Planet Symposium. 28 June - 2 July 2010, Bergen, Norway / edited by H. Lacoste-Francis},
  pages = {686},
  language = {eng},
  abstract = {Remote sensing and geographic information system provide tools for quantitative and qualitative river morphological analysis. Bangladesh is a riverine, flood prone country and, the Padma and the Jamuna are two of major three rivers in the country. The aim of this research is to monitor the channel migration of the Padma and the Jamuna rivers since 1977 to 2004 using remote sensing and GIS. Four scenes for dry season’s cloud free Landsat images were used in this study. Images were processed using PCI Geomatica and ArcGIS 9.3 was used for GIS analysis. The Landsat images were visualized and identified nine locations to investigate the channel migration. The images were classified into two broad categories, i.e. water and nonwater body. ArcGIS 9.3 was used to transfer these classified images into GIS layers. A standard measurement tool of ArcGIS was applied to measure the movement of river channel based on initial river channel in 1977. General trend of the Padma and the Jamuna river channel migration at locations A, B, C, D, F, G, H and I towards north, northeast and southwest eventually, north, northeast, east, east, west and west, respectively. The confluence point of the Padma and Jamuna (at location E) migrated toward southeast with high rate. During 1977-2004, it migrated about 9000m toward southeast. Trend of migration of the confluence point was faster than any other locations in the channel of the Padma river.},
  issn = {1609-042X}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_anderssonjanolov_2013,
  title = {Kartering av översvämningsrisker vid Vänern},
  author = {Andersson, Jan-Olov and Blumenthal, Barbara and Nyberg, Lars},
  year = {2013},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {Karlstads universitet},
  keywords = {gis; översvämningsrisk; sårbarhetskartering; översvämningskador; skadekostnader; vänern; risk; risk- och miljöstudier; risk and environmental studies},
  abstract = {I denna studie genomfördes en översvämningskartering och -analys som utgick från fyraextrema vattennivåer i Vänern. Baserat på höjddata från den Nya Nationella Höjdmodellen(NNH) generades utbredningspolygoner med hjälp av GIS för de fyra översvämningsnivåerna.Överlagringsanalyser gjordes sedan med kartskikt för väg, mark och byggnadersamt för vissa kommuner även befolkning för att urskilja vägsträckor, markområden,byggnader och boende inom översvämningsutbredningen vid de fyra nivåerna.Översvämningskartor togs fram i pdf-format och Google Earth-format. GIS-analysen hargenererat kvantitativa data för översvämmade vägsträckor, markytor antal byggnader etc.Vidare har en objektsbaserad analys genomförts utifrån kartmaterial och kommunala dataöver sårbara anläggningar och funktioner. Resultaten har sammanställts kommunvis ochför Vänerområdet i sin helhet i form av text, tabeller och diagram.Det som drabbas först vid en översvämning i Vänern är dels objekt som utifrån sinafunktioner ligger vattennära t.ex. fritidsanläggningar, men även viktiga vägar som E18 ochE45. Järnvägsträckan Göteborg-Karlstad-Stockholm översvämmas redan vid 100-årsnivån.Med stigande vattennivå drabbas allt fler objekt och samhällsviktiga funktioner. De städersom påverkas mest är Karlstad, Kristinehamn, Mariestad, Lidköping och Vänersborg.De direkta skadekostnaderna för en 100-årsnivå i Vänern har beräknats till 100-240 Mkr,där en möjlig vindeffekt kan ge ytterligare upp till 120 Mkr i skadekostnader. För endimensionerande nivå skulle skadekostnaderna bli av en helt annan storleksordning ochuppgå till ca 9,8 miljarder kr. Vid denna nivå skulle stora indirekta skador uppstå som viinte har haft möjlighet att värdera ekonomiskt. De största kostnaderna kan kopplas tillöversvämmade byggnader.I en absolut jämförelse med Mälaren av kvantitativa data för översvämmade vägar,markområden och antal byggnader är konsekvenserna vid Vänern något lägre.Studien genomfördes på uppdrag av och i samarbete medVänerkommunerna i samverkan omVänerns reglering. }
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_carlssonmaria_2005,
  title = {Strandnära boende i Eksjö kommun: strändernas skyddsvärden vid Långanäsasjön och Hunsnäsen},
  author = {Carlsson, Maria},
  year = {2005},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {Länsstyrelsen i Jönköpings län},
  keywords = {jönköping},
  abstract = {I den här rapporten har metodiken som redovisas i ”Strandnära boende - Metod för nyansering av strändernas skyddsvärden” (Länsstyrelsen i Jönköpings län 2005) tillämpats på Långanäsasjön och Hunsnäsen i Eksjö kommun.Markanvändningen runt Långanäsasjön domineras av skogsmark i 300 meters-zonen (45 %) och i omgivningen (52 %). Närmiljön utgörs till 47 % av tomtmark. Sjöns norra sida är i huvudsak bebyggd av fritidshus och en del permanentboende. Runt Hunsnäsen dominerar artificiell mark i både närmiljö (52 %), omgivning (44 %) och 300 meters-zon (50 %). Hunsnäsen ligger i kanten av Eksjö vilket medför att den västra delen av sjön ingår i Eksjö tätort. Förutom artificiell mark är våtmark och lövskog vanligt förekommande runt Hunsnäsen.I Långanäsasjön dominerar sandbottnar med ett stort inslag av fin- och grovdetritus. I Hunsnäsen dominerar grovdetritus. Områden med sand, sten och block förekommer men inte i speciellt stor omfattning.Runt Långanäsasjön finns inga områden klassade med mycket högt naturvärde och endast en liten andel har klassats som högt naturvärde. Bristen på höga och mycket höga naturvärden beror på att det inte finns några skyddade områden runt sjön och att andelen våtmark är låg. Måttligt naturvärde utgörs bland annat av produktionsskog och områden med låga naturvärden är artificiell mark.Runt Hunsnäsen finns inga områden med mycket höga naturvärden men i närmiljön utgör cirka 30 % höga naturvärden (våtmarker). Väldigt stora arealer i både närmiljö, omgivning och 300 meters-zonen utgörs av artificiell mark och klassas som mycket lågt naturvärde. Även om det saknas höga eller mycket höga naturvärden så finns det i allmänhet värden ur allemansrättslig synpunkt som behöver tas hänsyn till.Strandskyddets syfte är, förutom att bevara goda livsvillkor för växter och djur, även att trygga förutsättningarna för allmänhetens friluftsliv. I omgivningen runt Långanäsasjön är 36 % av marken spärrad för allmänheten, motsvarande siffra för närmiljön är 49 %. 63 % av omgivningen och 49 % av närmiljön har måttlig tillgänglighet, det vill säga markanvändningen är skog eller öppen mark. Hela 89 % av sjöstrandzonen är bevuxen med tät övervattensvegetation vilket försämrar allmänhetens möjligheter till bad.Vid Hunsnäsen är 35 % av närmiljön och 44 % av omgivningen klass 0. 32 % av närmiljön och 39 % av omgivningen har god allemansrättslig tillgänglighet (klass 3). Detta är höga siffror jämfört med andra sjöar i projektet och kan förklaras med att Hunsnäsen är en tätortsnära sjö med gott om anläggningar för friluftsliv.Sträckor klassade med måttliga eller låga naturvärden fungerar inte som en signal att det är fritt fram för exploatering. I många fall där naturvärdena klassats som måttliga eller låga är förutsättningarna för allemansrättsligt nyttjande goda. De allemansrättsliga värdena väger lika tungt som naturvärdena och ska utvärderas vid prövning av dispens från strandskyddet.En enkät som kommunen, naturskyddsföreningen och friluftsfrämjandet svarat på visar att både Långanäsasjön och Hunsnäsen utnyttjas som närrekreationsområde. Det finns många anordningar som underlättar för friluftslivet, bland annat anlagda badplatser och gångstråk. Runt sjöarna begränsas nyttjandet av den ianspråktagna tomtmarken. Förslag till förbättringar är att anlägga gångstråk som gör det möjligt att ta sig runt hela sjöarna.Både Hunsnäsen och Långanäsajsön har stora tillrinningsområden i förhållande till sjöns storlek vilket ökar risken för översvämning. Hunsnäsen västra del mot Eksjö centrum och den sydöstra delen drabbas värst enligt analysen. För Långanäsasjön innebär en översvämning enligt metoden att större delen av dagens bebyggelse runt sjön översvämmas, bland annat Hägerudden, Soludden och de sydöstra delarna av sjön.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_griplena_2021,
  title = {Crisis communication with tourists of the grid.: Incorporating the Swedish tourism sector in crisis management and communication – methods and strategies for preparedness and collaboration in rural areas},
  author = {Grip, Lena and Braunerhielm, Lotta and Ryan Bengtsson, Linda and Hoppstadius, Fredrik and Persson, Erik},
  year = {2021},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Universität Siegen},
  keywords = {nature tourism; crisis management; crisis communication; digitalization; climate change; extreme weather},
  abstract = {Our changing climate foretells a future with continued large forest fires and extreme weather events, such as devastating storms, heavy rainfall, flooding, heat and drought. This project focuses on preparedness for this kind of events taking place while large, spread-out, and often uncertain, numbers of visitors are roaming the Swedish countryside – not seldom voluntarily or involuntarily of the grid. The conditions for crisis communication is changing with social media, apps and digitalization of information. Obstacles and possibilities for digitalization in the tourism sector in relation to the specific conditions of nature-based tourism needs more attention.Tourists are a vulnerable group in crisis situations, since they are not acquainted with neither the place nor how to find information about the crisis and how to keep themselves safe. In parallel, the Swedish tourism sector is constantly growing, with new trends as ”vacation at home” and increasing numbers of international tourists visiting Swedish nature, and nature-based tourism is believed to see a significant increase in post-pandemic travel, as more visitors seek uncrowded destinations. A crisis can be devastating in nature tourist areas. Despite this, the tourism sector is often viewed as peripheral and is in some cases not even included in crisis preparedness planning.  The aim of this study is to generate new knowledge and methods for incorporating the Swedish countryside tourism sector in crisis management and communication. Crisis management and risk preparedness and awareness, and collaborations and relations between the tourism sector and other crisis management actors (municipalities and public authorities) are in focus, as well as the nature tourists themselves.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_griplena_2021_1,
  title = {Incorporating the Swedish tourism sector in crisis management and communication: – methods and strategies for preparedness and collaboration in rural areas},
  author = {Grip, Lena},
  year = {2021},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {nature tourism; crisis management; crisis communication; digitalization; climate change; extreme weather},
  abstract = {The Swedish tourism sector is constantly growing, with new trends as ”vacation at home” and increasing numbers of international tourists visiting the Swedish nature. Investments in nature tourism and the right of access to private land have added to many international tourists in the Swedish countryside. Nature tourism is in many ways unique, meaning that visitors are not part of an organized activity. This coincides with increased societal risks and vulnerabilities owing to a changed climate, like large forest fires or extreme weather (storms, rain, flooding, heat etc.). What will happen when a risk event occur in the countryside? How prepared is the society, and how prepared are the visitors?The conditions for crisis communication is changing with social media, apps and digitalization of information. This can increase the possibility to reach nature tourists in the countryside, who are not reached by domestic information/news updates (TV and radio). Crisis management and communication is an established field in tourism research. However, obstacles and possibilities for digitalization in the tourism sector in relation to the specific conditions of nature-based tourism needs more attention.The aim of this study is to generate new knowledge and methods for incorporating the Swedish countryside tourism sector in crisis management and communication. Crisis management and risk preparedness and awareness, and collaborations and relations between the tourism sector and other crisis management actors (municipalities and public authorities) are in focus, as well as the nature tourists themselves.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hounkpatinozias_2020,
  title = {Investigating the drainage status of forested peatland based on plot-ditch distances using high-resolution DEM and GIS procedures},
  author = {Hounkpatin, Ozias},
  year = {2020},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {ditch; manual delineation; impoundment index; dem; drainage status; dike; manuell avgränsning; dämningsindex; dräneringsstatus; luft och klimat; air and climate},
  abstract = {Wetlands are critical natural ecosystems which play a significant role by sustaining biodiversity, filtering water, buffering against flooding and sequestrating large amounts of carbon. However, these functions could be changed with the construction of ditches to lower the water table for agricultural or forestry purposes. With the advent of high-resolution digital elevation models (DEM), it is now possible to use automatic delineation parameters to identify ditches in wetlands. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the drainage status of forested peatland based on plot-ditch distances using high-resolution DEM and GIS procedures. In that regards, the potential of several DEM based parameters to delineate ditches were compared to manual ditch delineation, and different plot-ditch distances were computed and classified.The results indicate that none of the parameters derived from the DEM provided an accurate delineation of the ditches but that the impoundment index showed better ditch pattern compared to the remaining indexes. The distance from the inventory plots to both the manual and impoundment index-based delineated ditches resulted in the creation of three plot-ditch distance classes: 0 – 25 m, 25 and 100 m and > 100 m class. The comparison between the plot-ditch distances between manual and impoundment index-based delineation showed better correlation for both the 0 – 25 m (0.60***, p < 0.001) and 25 m – 100 m (0.67***, p < 0.001) class for plots within classes where there is agreement between both approaches.Though the impoundment index presents some inaccuracies in ditch delineation compared to the manual approach, it seems to be a useful parameter for quick assessment of the presence of ditch and for plot-ditch distance evaluation purposes.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_johanssonmagnus_2012,
  title = {Social learning in education – an important step in practical integration of preventive risk reduction and adaptation to climate change},
  author = {Johansson, Magnus and Nyberg, Lars and Evers, Mariele and Hansson, Max},
  year = {2012},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {education},
  abstract = {The potential of linking the preventive phase of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) with the adaptation in human society to forecasted consequences from climate change, has received growing acceptance internationally, but the integration of both fields is still at an embryonic stage. Integration in this case implies transdisciplinary approaches in complex fields where liabilities and stakeholders normally are found in different sectors and levels in society. For integration to be successful, a first step is to create platforms and contexts where participants may generate raised awareness about each other’s roles and evolve a shared problem identification. Social learning is a concept that has been used in many different contexts where uncertainty and change are crucial and challenging. It has earlier been linked as a suitable approach to issues such as public participation, governance or natural resource management. Here it is used in education, gathering among others stakeholders working within the fields of Flood Risk Management, DRR and Climate Change Adaptation at local or regional level around the two Swedish lakes Vänern and Mälaren. Teaching arrangements and didactic elements are described for the two pilot-courses that were held 2009-2010. The academic institutional arrangements favoured an open exchange and knowledge building, with local examples of management and strategies repeatedly in focus during several study visits in different cities along the shoreline. The elements of social learning facilitated the build-up of shared holistic perspectives, identified areas in need of development or research efforts and contributed to informal as well as formal relationships among participants.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kalumangaelikana_2015,
  title = {How elephants utilize a miombo-wetland ecosystem in Ugalla landscape, Western Tanzania},
  author = {Kalumanga, Elikana},
  year = {2015},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm Univeristy},
  keywords = {biodiversity; browsing; elephants; forage; gps collars; mineral elements; miombo woodlands; protected areas; termite mounds; ugalla; water hyacinth; woody plants abundance},
  abstract = {African elephants are ‘keystone’ species with respect to biodiversity conservation in Africa since they maintain habitats that support several animal communities by changing vegetation structure through foraging and by dispersing seeds between landscapes. Elephants are also ‘flagship’ species because, given their impressive size, they can make people sympathetic and stimulate local and international concerns for their protection. Economically, elephants contribute to national revenues as tourists are willing to pay to watch them. Despite all these factors, little is known however about elephant movement and how they utilize resources, especially in miombo-wetland ecosystems. This thesis investigates how elephants utilize resources in a miombo-wetland ecosystem in the Ugalla landscape of Western Tanzania over different protected areas containing different resource users. Using Global Positioning System (GPS) collars fitted to six elephants, it was observed that some elephant families are not confined in one protected area in the Ugalla landscape. Rather, they moved readily between different protected areas. Elephant movements were restricted to areas near the rivers, especially the Ugalla River, during the dry season and were dispersed widely during the wet season. As they move, elephants in the miombo woodlands of Ugalla selected the most abundant woody plants for browsing. Common to many woody plants, the browsed plants were short of mineral nutrients (e.g., sodium, calcium). Elephants obtained additional minerals by eating soils from certain termite mounds. Soils from termite mounds are richer in mineral elements (e.g., sodium, calcium, iron) compared to soils from the surrounding flood plain or compared to the browsed plants. However, the recorded termite mounds from which elephants eat soils were not evenly distributed in the landscape but confined mainly to the flood plains in the Ugalla Game Reserve. The Ugalla River, which is the main source of water for the elephants and other animals and also supports fishing activities by the local people in Ugalla during the dry seasons, is infested by the water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). Such infestation potentially limits access to these precious surface water supplies. In addition at the regional level, the Ugalla River is among the major rivers that flow into the Lake Tanganyika which is shared by the countries of Tanzania, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo and Zambia. Thus, the spread of water hyacinth if left unchecked threatens to impact Lake Tanganyika, affecting many countries and ecosystem services. This thesis highlights that sustainable conservation of biodiversity in different protected areas in the Ugalla landscape requires an integrated management approach that will embrace conservation of different interrelated landscape resources required by both wildlife and the rural poor populations for their livelihoods. Regular coordinated wildlife anti-poaching patrols should be initiated across the entire Ugalla landscape because the elephants, among other wildlife, utilize different protected areas in Ugalla. Local communities should also be engaged in conservation initiatives (e.g., controlling the spread of the water hyacinth) as these directly impact local livelihoods. }
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kmochlaura_2018,
  title = {Agroecology for resilient and sustainable livelihoods of natural disaster affected communities in Myanmar. Lessons from the STRONG project approach to farmer field schools (FFS) in Chin State and Sagaing Region.},
  author = {Kmoch, Laura},
  year = {2018},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {rural development; sustainable livelihoods; climate change; agroecology},
  abstract = {Rural people in South-East-Asia have, for centuries, adapted their livelihoods to cope with natural disaster risks. But climate change and transitions from traditional to industrial modes of farming have changed the vulnerabilities of these people and their communities. Farm reliant households, in Myanmar and across the region, are increasingly exposed to market forces and disruptive impacts of extreme weather events. New approaches to rural development, which enable communities to build resilient and sustainable livelihoods are therefore needed. The STRONG project’s approach to farmer field schools (FFS), promoting agroecological practices for poor, rural households in western Myanmar, is an example of such approaches. In 2016, Ar Yone Oo – Social Development Association and Welthungerhilfe partnered to initiate the STRONG project – in response to severe landslide and flooding events that devastated rural communities in Myanmar during the 2015 Monsoon season. The project supports disaster affected households to recover their livelihoods and build long-term resilience, through a portfolio of complementary disaster risk reduction and rural development interventions. This brief (i) provides an introduction to the STRONG project approach to adult learning in FFS, (ii) documents agroecological practices that the initiative promotes in target communities and (iii) presents key insight from the STRONG project for inter-organisational learning and knowledge exchange. The presentation builds on results of a collaboration between Ar Yone Oo (Myanmar) and Chalmers University of Technology (Sweden), formed to document lessons from the STRONG project implementation process, and assess project beneficiaries’ experiences with promoted agroecological practices.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_perssonerik_2010,
  title = {Sociala konsekvenser av lågt vattenstånd i Vänern},
  author = {Persson, Erik},
  year = {2010},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {Karlstads universitet},
  keywords = {sociala konsekvenser; översvämningar; vänern; klimat och säkerhet; environmental science},
  abstract = {Tappningsstrategin för Vänern ändrades i ett beslut från Länsstyrelsen Västra Götalands län och Vattenfall AB, på uppdrag av regeringen, för att minska risken för översvämningar i Vänern. I detta beslut stod att en risk förelåg för att vissa negativa miljömässiga och sociala konsekvenser skulle kunna uppstå som en följd av en ändrad tappningsstrategi.Under våren och sommaren 2009 var vattennivåerna i Vänern lägre än normalt och då många människor som på olika sätt nyttjar Vänern fick problem höjdes också röster mot den ändrade tappningsstrategin. I media kunde man läsa om människors problem med de låga vattennivåerna och deras farhågor om mer frekvent återkommande år med lågt vatten som en följd av den ändrade tappningsstrategin.Centrum för Klimat och Säkerhet vid Karlstads universitet inledde ett arbete med att kartlägga vilka kategorier av människor som drabbats samt vilka sociala konsekvenser de upplevt av det låga vattenståndet. Under juni, juli och augusti månad gjordes intervjuer med ett 20-tal människor som på olika sätt nyttjar Vänern.Resultatet av studien visade att ett stort missnöje fanns med den ändrade tappningsstrategin, att den upplevdes ha flera negativa sociala konsekvenser, i första hand på båtliv och boende, och att en önskan fanns om att finna en lösning som inte behövde drabba dem som nyttjar Vänern ur ett socialt perspektiv.}
}

@misc{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_rydstedtnymanmonika_2018,
  title = {Organizational Lessons Learned: Natural Hazards Affecting Critical Infrastructure},
  author = {Rydstedt Nyman, Monika},
  year = {2018},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Karlstads universitet},
  keywords = {natural hazards; critical infrastructure; feedback; lessons learned; collective learning; memory building; risk- och miljöstudier; risk and environmental studies},
  abstract = {This thesis focuses on an issue often presented as a solution – albeit a debated one ­– namely learning, specifically lessons learned from natural hazard events. Empirically, this thesis examines flooding and avalanches in a Swedish context, centering on systematic feedback mechanisms and learning from extreme events. Opportunities to and constraints affecting learning and knowledge sharing are discussed.The thesis comprises four papers, collectively contributing a description of aspects of learning and feedback in a case study setting of the Swedish Transport Administration (STA) [Trafikverket], and providing an understanding of the present level of knowledge and awareness of climate change related natural hazards, as well as how knowledge sharing may give incentives and understanding for change. The notion of social learning is that individuals, groups, and organizations (and ultimately society) can learn from one another in a context, i.e. fostering mutual change. The goal of learning and using feedback is to create an opportunity to address changes in a thoughtful and explicit manner. At the same time, there is an implicit idea that learning occurs automatically somehow, which is problematized on the basis of the cases in the articles.An interdisciplinary approach was adopted to obtain understanding of lessons learned related to natural hazards affecting critical infrastructure in Sweden. Interdiciplinarity refers to the use of theories from different research fields to achieve synergies in the search for explanations and useful understanding. The different objectives and aims of each paper have increased understanding of mechanisms related to aspects of feedback, learning and knowledge sharing after natural hazard impacts. Each paper also provides examples of opportunities and constraints to feedback mechanisms and learning in a collective context.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_salimishokoufeh_2021,
  title = {Water level management of wetlands in response to current and future RCP climate change scenarios: A mesocosm experiment within climate control chambers},
  author = {Salimi, Shokoufeh},
  year = {2021},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Water Resources Engineering, Lund University},
  abstract = {Wetlands are integral components of our natural environment since they provide many critical ecosystem services to humanity, such as water purification, climate change mitigation, flood control, and biodiversity. Although wetlands can convey resilience to some degree of changes, they might be vulnerable to climate change. Altered hydrology and rising temperatures can turn the wetland services into disservices. This thesis investigates the impact of different climate scenarios, both current and future climate scenarios, on wetland ecosystems, natural (peatland), and constructed wetlands. Since 2017, a mesocosm experiment has been conducted within four climate chambers to simulate current (2017-2020 in the experiment and 2016-2019 in real-time) and future climate scenarios based on representative concentration pathways scenarios (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 8.5) for peatlands and constructed wetland. The main aim of the thesis was to investigate the impact of climate change scenarios and water level management on 1) water quality (physiochemical changes in peatland and constructed wetland outflow) and 2) carbon dioxide emissions from peatland. The results of the experiment revealed that the short-term (one year) impact of climate change simulation on the water purification function of both constructed wetland and peatland (ombrotrophic bog) is insignificant when the hydrology of the systems is not a stress factor (no occurrence of flood or drought). However, the response of the water purification function of two different wetlands, constructed wetland and peatland, showed a contrasting tendency along with the increasing temperature trend of climate scenarios. This suggests that while the water quality of constructed wetland may improve with future warmer climate scenarios (no water stress), the water quality of peatland may gradually deteriorate. The findings of a longer-term (three-year) simulation of climate change and water level control on peatland water quality demonstrated that climate change had still no significant effect on peatland water quality, however, the water level control had a substantial impact. Water level management during the drought and post-drought period could improve the water quality of managed mesocosms by 2-50 times compared to the unmanaged system. The investigation of climate change and water level management impact on CO2 sink function of peatland suggested that climate change alone might not have a significant impact. However, the influence of water level management, both alone and in interaction with climate change, can have a significant impact on the CO2 sink function of peatland. The most favorable influence of water level management on CO2 sink function was found in peatland mesocosms under warmer climate scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) due to the enhanced growth of vascular plants, but this was not the case for the systems under the colder climate scenarios, current and RCP 2.6 climate scenario. In brief, water level management during drought is necessary for warmer climate scenarios such as RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 to prevent the system from shifting from CO2 sink to source, while it is unnecessary for the current climate and RCP 2.6.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_sikandereva_2016,
  title = {Byggande för ett framtida ändrat klimat - fokus fuktsäkerhet},
  author = {Sikander, Eva and Svennberg, Kaisa},
  year = {2016},
  language = {swe},
  keywords = {climate change; moisture safety; structures; buildings; klimatändring; fuktsäkerhet; byggnader},
  abstract = {Building for a future climate - focus on moisture safetyScenarios currently predicted for Sweden’s future climate entail increased risks of moisture damage in our buildings if we do not adapt them to such changes. It is especially important to consider the risks associated with the future climate in regard to new construction and renovations to avoid costly additions and alterations in the future.This project presents some examples of adaptations available today; they provide an insight into the possible means of adapting properties currently available to the construction and property sector. There is also considerable potential for innovation and further development in the ways buildings can be adapted and the project highlights some areas where this will probably be necessary.The adaptations addressed in this preliminary study have been grouped into the areas flooding, increased temperature, humidity and driving rain. The conclusion is that the construction sector has advanced to different extents within the three areas of adaptation addressed by this preliminary study, and that potential remains for further adaptations in each of these areas.In the case of flooding, which is also the most prominent area and where events clearly show the need for adaptation, there is often an awareness of the problem, and there are examples of technical measures that can be taken. However, it is unclear whether these measures have been put into practice to a sufficient extent. Here too, there is likely to be a potential for further development of solutions to improve moisture safety in buildings.As for temperature and humidity, we note that the construction sector already faces challenges in the construction of moisture safe buildings and the sector is working to solve problem areas such as cold attics, foundations ventilated by outdoor air and parts of buildings where moisture has been built, or leaked, in. Temperature increases lead to more favourable conditions for microbial growth to develop. Furthermore, if the building is cooled in part or throughout, relative humidity will increase in the cold structures, which will also encourage microbial growth. If buildings are to be proofed against humidity and temperature in the future, it is important that the construction sector has climate data for scenarios for which the moisture safety of buildings can be planned. This climate data is not currently available in the simulation software used on the market.In the case of measures against driving rain, the industry already displays a need to increase its knowledge of calculations and design in to reduce the risk of water penetration. There is a need for a systematic approach to all parts of a building’s exterior. There is currently room for improvement in this area as there are examples of problems with water penetration in conjunction with torrential rain, and even more so when combined with strong winds. The examples are often due to leaks at connections, joints and penetrations through a building’s exterior.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_2007,
  title = {Åtgärdsprogram för alkonblåvinge och klockgentiana2007–2011: (Maculinea alcon och Gentiana pneumonanthe)},
  year = {2007},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {Naturvårdsverket},
  abstract = {Följande åtgärdsprogram gäller för alkonblåvinge Maculinea alcon ochklockgentiana Gentiana pneumonanthe. Båda arterna är uppförda på dennationella rödlistan och där placerade i kategori VU. Alkonblåvingen lever främst på fukthedar, i mosskanter och i andra liknande miljöer. Dess larver utvecklas under sin tidigaste fas på klockgentiana.Större delen av larvutvecklingen försiggår därefter i bon av rödmyror, i Sverige troligen Myrmica rubra. Fjärilens larver avsöndrar myrferomoner som fårmyrorna att mata och vårda dem som om de vore myrlarver.Alkonblåvingens utbredningsområde sträcker sig från norra Spanien ochItalien, genom Europa upp till sydvästra Sverige. Arten förekommer även icentrala Asien.Även klockgentianan förekommer på fukthedar och i mosskanter, mentrivs dessutom på magra fuktängar och översvämningsmarker längs sjö- ochåstränder. Vanliga följeväxter är blåtåtel, klockljung och pors. Klockgentianan behöver hävd eller andra typer av störning, exempelvis översvämning,för att inte bli utkonkurrerad av mer högvuxen vegetation. För att fröna skagro behövs störningar som skapar jordblottor eller liknande. Klockgentiananär en relativt långlivad art och kan finnas kvar länge på en lokal även då deninte längre kan föröka sig. Klockgentianan förekommer i samma områden som alkonblåvingen menhar ett större utbredningsområde och förekommer dessutom något längrenorr- och österut i Europa. Båda arterna har gått tillbaka i sen tid. Kända orsaker till tillbakagångenär igenväxning av ljunghedsmarker och brandfält samt i viss mån även exploatering av lokaler. Troliga orsaker är dessutom minskad aktivitet på militäraövningsfält, felaktig eller upphörd hävd, och ändrade vattenståndsregimerlängs sjöar och vattendrag så att störning genom översvämning minskat. Denstora arealminskningen har lett till att båda arternas livsmiljöer fragmenterats. Idag förekommer de ofta i små populationer långt ifrån varandra ochmöjligheterna till genutbyte mellan populationer är små.Alkonblåvingen har två aktuella lokaler i Skåne och två lokaler i mellerstaHalland (Ringenästrakten). I Västergötland har den ett dussintal kända lokaler i ett stråk mellan Göteborg och Herrljunga, och i Bohuslän finns tre kustnära lokaler i Kungälvs och Göteborgs kommuner. Klockgentianan är mer utbredd. Den förekommer huvudsakligen i denederbördsrika delarna av sydvästra Sverige. Flest lokaler finns i Skåne, Halland, västra Småland, södra Bohuslän och Västergötland men mindre förekomster finns även i Dalsland, Värmland och Blekinge.Åtgärdsprogrammet föreslår bland annat att man bör:• Inventera varje trakt (se kartbilagorna) med avseende på klockgentianaoch alkonblåvinge.• Säkerställa att minst femtio områden med stora populationer (mer än1000 individer) av klockgentiana har ett långsiktigt skydd senast år 2008. • Förtäta förekomsterna av alkonblåvinge inom några av de trakter somär individrikast idag (d v s Ringenäsområdet, Ale-Vättlefjäll-Risveden;Delsjön-Maderna-Högaråsmossen och Överön-Björlanda). så att minst15-20 goda lokaler finns i ett tätt nätverk i varje trakt. • Utöka arealen med lämpliga livsmiljöer på de bästa lokalerna enligtsärskilt framtagna planer. • Förändra skötseln i många lokaler så att arterna får möjlighet att ökasina populationer.• Dokumentera utförda skötselåtgärder. • Konstruera uppföljningsprogram. • Inrätta områdesskydd på vissa lokalerI  samband med utförandet av naturvårdsåtgärderna bör man utreda omde föreslagna åtgärderna kan påverka andra ovanliga arter negativt, och isamband med att de olika åtgärderna utförs behöver man också dokumenteravilka andra arter/artgrupper som missgynnas/gynnas av dem. Den totala kostnaden för de föreslagna åtgärderna är ca 1,6 miljoner kronor under programperioden. }
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_carlssonmaria_2005_1,
  title = {Strandnära boende i Vetlanda kommun: strändernas skyddsvärden vid Klockesjön och Serarpasjön},
  author = {Carlsson, Maria},
  year = {2005},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {Länsstyrelsen i Jönköpings län},
  keywords = {jönköping},
  abstract = {I den här rapporten har metodiken som redovisas i ”Strandnära boende - Metod för nyansering av strändernas skyddsvärden” (Länsstyrelsen i Jönköpings län 2005) tillämpats på Klockesjön och Serarpasjön i Vetlanda kommun. Klockesjön är belägen strax söder om Ramkvilla samhälle och Serarpasjön ligger i anslutning till det lilla samhället Näshult.I Klockesjöns närmiljö dominerar lövskog (29 %). Andelen artificiell mark (19 %), åkermark (16 %) och barrskog (16 %) utgör nästan lika stora delar. Barrskog dominerar i omgivningen (35 %) och i 300 meters-zonen (32 %). Andelen åkermark finns i ungefär lika stor utsträckning i omgivningen (21 %) och i 300 m-zonen (22 %). Runt Serarpasjön dominerar barrskog i närmiljön (74 %), omgivningen (67 %) och i 300 meters-zonen (71 %). Fragementeringsgraden runt Klockesjön är 19,2 och runt Serarpasjön 2,1. Ett lågt värde betyder att närmiljön har en låg exploateringsgrad.Bottensubstratet i Klockesjön domineras av sand, block och sten. I Serarpasjön dominerar sten och därefter är fördelningen mellan block, grus och findetritus likvärdig.Vid Klockesjön finns det ett Natura 2000-område av typen ”fuktängar med blåtåtel eller starr”. Ramkvillabäcken har inom proejktet höglandsvatten klassats som mycket högt naturvärde. I sjöstrandzonen hittades två sträckor som passar in på Natura 2000-beskrivningen ”oligo-mesotrofa sjöar med strandpryl, braxengräs eller annuell vegetation på exponerade stränder”. Runt Serarpasjön finns gott om skyddsvärd natur. Det finns fem Natura 2000-områden och ett antal skogliga nyckelbiotoper. Det finns dessutom en limnisk nyckelbiotop i Fliseån av typen strömmande sträcka.Runt Klockesjön finns det en relativt stor andel områden med mycket högt naturvärde i närmiljö och omgivning. Den artificiella marken som huvudsakligen är belägen i sjöns norra del bidrar till att områden med mycket lågt naturvärde är stora. Områden klassade som lågt naturvärde utgör en anmärkningsvärt stor del och det beror på de stora arealerna av åkermark och kalhyggen. Vid Serarpasjön är andelen med mycket högt naturvärde större än andelen med mycket lågt naturvärde. Om man jämför med övriga sjöar i projektet är detta ett ovanligt resultat. Den stora andelen med mycket högt naturvärde förklaras med att det finns gott om skyddsvärd natur i samtliga zoner runt Serarpasjön.Strandskyddets syfte är förutom att bevara goda livsvillkor för växter och djur även att trygga förutsättningarna för allmänhetens friluftsliv. För 300 meters-zonen, omgivningen och närmiljön dominerar klass 2 i allemansrättslig tillgänglighet. I omgivningen finns två sträckor klassade som klass 3. De sträckorna är badplatsen och Sundkullen som är ett gammalt borgområde men även en fin utsiktsplats. I närmiljön finns tre sträckor klassade som 3. Dessa utgörs av badplatsen, Sundkullen samt en sträcka där höglandsleden dominerar. I sjöstrandzonen dominerar block- eller mjukbotten men cirka en fjärdedel av bottnen i strandzonen utgörs av sand och det förekommer en del naturliga stränder som ökar sjöns attraktivitet ur badsynpunkt. Även i Serarpasjön är det klass 2 som dominerar. Det finns ingen bebyggelse runt Serarpasjön som förhindrar allmänhetens åtkomst till sjön. I Serarpasjön dominerar klass 2 även i sjöstrandzonen vilket innebär att sten är det bottensubstrat som förekommer mest frekvent. Runt Serarpasjön finns endast en klass 3 sträcka och den utgörs av badplatsen i öster.De främsta allemansrättsliga objekten vid Klockesjön är badplatsen vid Ramkvilla samhälle och höglandsleden som går norr om sjön. Högst besöksfrekvens runt Serarpasjön har badplatsen i öster. Där finns även en grillplats och bra parkeringsmöjligheter.Både Klockesjön och Serarpasjön har stora tillrinningsområden i förhållande till sjöns storlek vilket ökar risken för översvämning. Ramkvilla samhälle, vid Klockesjön, är det område som löper störst risk att översvämmas. Vid Serarpasjön är den nordvästra delen mest utsatt vid en eventuell översvämning.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_eliassonclaesu_2005,
  title = {Inventering och övervakning av väddnätfjäril (Euphydryas aurinia) på Gotland 2004},
  author = {ELIASSON, CLAES U},
  year = {2005},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {Länsstyrelsen i Gotlands län},
  keywords = {sverige; gotland; visby; fjärilar; miljöövervakning},
  abstract = {Tre år av kontinuerligt intensivt bete av väddnätfjärilens främsta förekomstyta i Kallgate-området har förändrat miljön avsevärt. Lyckligtvis har somrarna 2003 och 2004 varit torra och den kraftiga markerosion som iakttogs redan efter en första betessäsong har därför inte förvärrats i väntad utsträckning. Däremot kan en mycket tydlig förändring i väddnätfjärilens val av reproduktionsytor nu ses. Inom det södra beteshägnet (ca 215 ha) som har två mindre skyddshägn (vardera ca 3 ha) mot bete har andelen larvkolonier inom skyddshägnen av samtliga i det stora hägnet ökat från 51 % under 2002 till 92 % under 2004. Detta beror bl.a. på att ängsväddplantan reagerar på bete genom att producera mindre blad som ligger tätt mot markunderlaget så att fjärilshonan inte kan utnyttja bladen för äggläggning. Helt säkert förstör också nötboskapen larvernas spånader då de betar, vilket är ödesdigert då larverna är millimeterlånga.Sammantaget har populationen ökat sedan 2002, vilket var väntat med hänsyn till detta års omfattande översvämning. Den kraftiga koncentrationen av fjärilar till skyddshägnen visar att populationen kunde ha varit ännu större idag utan detta bete. Den största ökningen av populationen har skett på Bälsalvret som inte omfattas av bete. Ändå är miljön här endast fläckvis gynnsam för fjärilens reproduktion trots att värdväxten finns i stor mängd. Detta beror på att tuvbildningen är för dålig och att honorna undviker att lägga ägg på ängsvädd som växer på plan mark. Väddnätfjärilen finns fortfarande kvar på Martebomyr och på en blekvät i Vänge men antalet fjärilar här är endast något tiotal. Rapporten lämnar utförlig redovisning av och förklaring till populationens förändringar i olika delar av metapopula-tionen inom Kallgateområdet. Vidare lämnas förslag till inskränkningar i beteshävden, vilka bör kunna realiseras nu då nästan hela populationen omfattas av ett Natura 2000-område.}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_follandchrisk_2009,
  title = {The Summer North Atlantic Oscillation: past, present and future},
  author = {Folland, Chris K. and Knight, J and Linderholm, Hans W. and Fereday, D and Ineson, S and Hurrell, James},
  year = {2009},
  journal = {Journal of Climate},
  volume = {5},
  number = {22},
  pages = {1082--1103},
  language = {eng},
  abstract = {Summer climate in the North Atlantic-European sector possesses a principal pattern of year-to-year variability that is the parallel of the well-known North Atlantic Oscillation in winter. This ‘Summer North Atlantic Oscillation’ (SNAO) is defined here as the first empirical orthogonal function (EOF) of observed summertime extratropical North Atlantic pressure at mean sea level. It is shown to be characterised by a more northerly location and smaller spatial scale than its winter counterpart. The SNAO is also detected by cluster analysis and has a near equivalent barotropic structure on daily and monthly time scales. Although of lesser amplitude than its wintertime counterpart, the SNAO exerts a strong influence on Northern European rainfall, temperature and cloudiness through changes in the position of the North Atlantic storm track. It is, therefore, of key importance in generating summer climate extremes, including flooding, drought and heat stress in North Western Europe. The El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon is known to influence summertime European climate; however, interannual variations of the SNAO are only weakly influenced by ENSO. On interdecadal time scales, both modelling and observational results indicate that SNAO variations are partly related to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. It is shown that SNAO variations extend far back in time, as evidenced by reconstructions of SNAO variations back to 1706 using tree-ring records. Very long instrumental records, such as Central England Temperature, are used to validate the reconstruction. Finally, two climate models are shown to simulate the present-day SNAO and predict a trend towards a more positive index phase in the future under increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. This implies the long-term likelihood of increased summer drought for North Western Europe},
  issn = {0894-8755}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kraxnerflorian_2017,
  title = {Planning the future forests: managing for wildlife in a climate constrained landscape},
  author = {Kraxner, Florian and Lundvall, Anders and Hörnell-Willebrand, Maria and Haraldsson, Hördur V and Nordström, Eva-Maria and Mörtberg, Ulla and Pang, Xi and Eriksson, Ljusk Ola and Lämås, Tomas and Shvidenko, Anatoly and Schepaschenko, Dimitry and Leduc, Sylvain and Yowargana, Ping and Patrizio, Piera and Mesfun, Sennai and Pietsch, Stephan A and Franklin, Oskar and Krasovskii, Andrey and Khabarov, Nikolay and Balkovic, Juraj and Nilsson, Sten B},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Book of Abstracts},
  pages = {655},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {land and water resources engineering; mark- och vattenteknik},
  abstract = {Multipurpose functionality is a paradigm when it comes to forest management. This includes sustainability, resilience, stand stability, wildlife management, recreation, clean water and air, or healthy soils - to name a few. The world is aiming at a maximum global warming of 2-deg by 2100, but cumulative emissions are still rising. Higher temperatures are associated with higher risks of extreme events such as storm, flood, droughts, pests and fires etc. - and at the same time, forest systems are key for any mitigation activity to avoid such dangerous climate change. But how will a managed forest look like in the future? How can we understand the underlying dynamics and make our forests fit for the increased need for carbon storage, biomass for energy and sustainable wood and non-wood forest products like game, while maintaining biodiversity, recreational and protected areas. Moreover, we need to address all challenges on limited land and establish action from policy development allthe way to their implementation within a short time frame. Based on Sweden's forests, traditionally considered a role model for successfully bridging a multitude of demands, we present a modeling approach that should serve as a planning tool for enhancing forests' risk resilience and capacity of integrating diverse demands and different ecosystem-services. Guided by the expertise of Sweden's Environmental Protection Agency, national forest and habitat shift models from SLU and KTH will be linked with global land use models and engineering tools from IIASA. Hereby, special emphasis will be put on ecosystem services from wildlife, different scenarios of forest intensification and the optimization of biomass for bioenergy production. First estimates show that spatially explicit modeling can substantially support decision making by optimizing multipurpose use of both managed and protected areas and steering habitat shift for maintaining biodiversity and improving wildlife (game)management.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_rydellbengt_2009,
  title = {Mål och indikatorer för anpassning tillförändrat klimat med avseende pånaturolyckor},
  author = {Rydell, Bengt and Lind, Bo},
  year = {2009},
  language = {swe},
  keywords = {miljömålsprojekt; reduced climate impact; begränsad klimatpåverkan},
  abstract = {Denna utredning har initierats efter samråd mellan Miljömålsrådets kansli och Statensgeotekniska institut (SGI) om hur klimatfrågor och naturolyckor bör beaktas i detsvenska miljömålsarbetet. Avsikten har varit att identifiera behov av komplettering ochge förslag till mål, delmål och indikatorer för anpassning till klimatförändringar medavseende på naturolyckor i miljömålsarbetet.Klimatförändringar berör flera sektorer och förhållanden i samhället och ställer krav påanpassning inom många samhällssektorer. Denna utredning har avgränsats till att behandlaanpassning till ett förändrat klimat med avseende på naturolyckor för befintligbebyggd miljö och planering av nya områden. Naturolyckor innebär naturhändelser somleder till skador eller negativa konsekvenser för liv och egendom. Naturolyckor kanorsakas av geologiska, hydrometeorologiska och biologiska händelser. Denna utredningbegränsas till naturolyckor i form av ras, skred, erosion och översvämning.Klimatförändringarna innebär ökade risker för naturolyckor och för att möta detta krävsförebyggande åtgärder och ökad beredskap. Arbetsgruppen har funnit att det är viktigtatt frågor kring naturolyckor knyts till samhällsbyggandet. För att undvika att ny bebyggelseplaceras på mark som är hotad eller med tiden kan komma att bli hotad av naturolyckorär det viktigaste instrumentet den kommunala fysiska planeringen. Plan- ochbygglagstiftningen kan användas för ny bebyggelse på oexploaterad mark och ofta ävenför tillkommande bebyggelse på exploaterad mark. För anpassningsåtgärder som krävsför skydd av mark och befintlig bebyggelse är denna lagstiftning emellertid tillämpligendast i begränsad eller ingen utsträckning alls.När det gäller befintlig bebyggd miljö finns således svårigheter att genom plan- ochbygglagstiftningen genomföra anpassningsåtgärder. Kommunen äger inte själv fråganutan behöver samverka med ägare till fastigheter, anläggningar etc. vid anpassningsbehov.Kommunen har dock ett ansvar enligt lagen om skydd mot olyckor (LSO) att klargörade risker som finns och som kan kräva en räddningstjänstinsats, t.ex. en naturolycka.För att tydliggöra behovet av att beakta anpassning till klimatförändringar och dess konsekvenserför naturolyckor föreslås att nuvarande lydelse av miljömåletGod bebyggdmiljökompletteras med ytterligare en mening (markerad med fet stil nedan):Städer, tätorter och annan bebyggd miljö skall utgöra en god och hälsosam livsmiljösamt medverka till en god regional och global miljö. Natur- och kulturvärden skall tastill vara och utvecklas. Byggnader och anläggningar skall lokaliseras och utformas påett miljöanpassat sätt och så att en långsiktigt god hushållning med mark, vatten ochandra resurser främjas.Befintlig och planerad bebyggd miljö ska vara anpassad till ett förändrat klimat.Fokus för klimatanpassningsarbetet ligger således på den byggda miljön och den fysiskaplaneringen.Det har i utredningen också framkommit behov av ett nytt delmål med rubrikenAnpassningtill klimatförändringar - naturolyckormed följande lydelse:Senast 2015 har alla kommuner identifierat och analyserat risker för ras, skred,erosion och översvämning till följd av ett förändrat klimat. Kommunerna har beaktatriskerna i sin fysiska planering samt har tagit fram program för åtgärder för anpassningav befintlig bebyggd miljö.För att delmålet ska bedömas vara uppfyllt förbefintlig bebyggd miljö ska följande preciseringarha uppnåtts vid målåret 2015:Analys och värdering av risker för naturolyckorSamtliga kommuner har utfört analys och värdering av risker för naturolyckor.ÅtgärdsplanerSamtliga kommuner har program för åtgärder för att undvika skador till följd avnaturolyckor.För att delmålet ska bedömas vara uppfyllt vidfysisk planering ska följande preciseringarha uppnåtts vid målåret 2015.ÖversiktsplaneringRisker för naturolyckor till följd av klimatförändringar har redovisats i översiktsplanereller tematiska tillägg till översiktsplan genom att ange vilka riskersom finns, var de finns och hur dessa påverkar markanvändningen.Detaljplanering och lovgivningRisker för naturolyckor till följd av klimatförändringar har beaktats i detaljplaneroch vid prövning av mark- och bygglov. Detta redovisas genom bestämmelserför markens disposition, höjdsättning, angivna skyddsavstånd eller genom särskildaåtgärder som krävs för att undvika skador på människa, egendom och miljö.Mot bakgrund av ovanstående har föreslagits tillhörande indikatorer.Uppföljningen av delmålet föreslås genomföras i form av tilläggsfrågor i den befintligaenkäten från Boverket och länsstyrelsernas regionala uppföljningssystem (RUS) avseendeGod bebyggd miljö.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_tessemaselome_2011,
  title = {Analysis of two retention parameter estimation methods for curve number methodology on stream flow prediction},
  author = {Tessema, Selome and Setegn, Shimelis and Mörtberg, Ulla},
  year = {2011},
  journal = {Ecosystem services in soil and water researchFocus on Soils and Water Symposium},
  pages = {56--56},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {sustainable water use; water balance components; swat; retention parameter},
  abstract = {The balance between water use for hydropower and irrigation, sustaining ecosystem services and preventing flood risk is essential to consider in water management for sustainable use. One rising concern is the conflict between the environment and agriculture mainly in lowland areas, where total base flows are abstracted for irrigation without compromising ecological conservation. Hence, it is important to understand the water balance and quantify the dominant components in a watershed to allocate water for all purposes.Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to understand the hydrological process of the Upper Awash River Basin with the emphasis on analyzing surface runoff generation using the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) curve number method. SWAT incorporates two methods for estimating the retention parameter (S) for SCS curve number method; allowing S to vary with soil profile moisture content (SM) and to let S vary with accumulated plant evapotranspiration (PT). The PT method being more dependent on forcing data than soil data provides another dimension of applicability for data limited watersheds. The results were analyzed by visual comparison of the observed and simulated hydrographs and model performance measures. The hydrographs comparison indicated that the PT method was better in peak flow prediction while SM method outperformed in simulating the low flows. The performance measures (Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency, Coefficient of Determination and Percent Bias) indicate better prediction by PT method. While the methods agree on predicting the hydrographs, they contradict in the annual water balance assessments. After evapotranspiration, base flow is the dominant component in SM method whereas surface runoff is the foremost in PT method. The results from the PT method agree with the outcome discussed in previous study. Furthermore, it has the advantage of governing by a single parameter that could be calibrated separately to control the base flow and surface runoff contribution to the total flow.The analysis shows that care must be taken in selecting a way for quantifying, especially for ungauged catchments where validation of model result is unattainable.}
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_wilkjulie_2015,
  title = {Adaptation Spinoffs from Technological and Socio-economic Changes},
  author = {Wilk, Julie and Hjerpe, Mattias and Rydhagen, Birgitta},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Climate Change Adaptation and Development},
  pages = {161--177},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {London, New York : Routledge},
  keywords = {climate change; development; adaptation},
  abstract = {Studies have shown that societal change related to economic growth and development policies can affect the adaptive capacity of communities to a multitude of stressors including climate variability and change. Concerns have recently been raised about the consequences of climate mitigation and adaptation on vulnerable groups and the impacts of large-scale globalization processes on the adaptive capacities of local communities. This chapter addresses how side effects of technological and socioeconomic changes, which we refer to as spinoffs have potential to strengthen climate adaptation strategies. The spinoff examples fall under a two-dimensional framework according to whether they arise from orchestrated or opportunity-driven initiatives and technological or socio-economic changes. Three cases in developing countries undergoing rapid economic growth have been chosen as examples of different types of spinoffs and how they can positively influence climate adaptation and more particularly adaptive capacity. They are: information and communication technology (ICT) in South Africa, changing lifestyles in China and empowerment in India. The cases illustrate that new objects, inventions and trends constantly emerge which have potential to help people improve their livelihoods in ways that can be climate smart. People working as development workers and policy makers need to be observant and engage in open-minded dialogue with communities in order to recognize emergent technologies, lifestyles and trends to facilitate the use and development of on-going or potential spinoffs that positively affect adaptation to climate change.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_andrnceciliam_2012,
  title = {Toxicity of Inorganic Aluminium in Humic Streams},
  author = {Andrén, Cecilia M.},
  year = {2012},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Department of Applied Environmental Science (ITM), Stockholm University},
  keywords = {inorganic al; toxicity; acidification; humic streams; applied environmental science; tillämpad miljövetenskap},
  abstract = {Aluminium (Al) has been recognised as a main toxic factor alongside pH in acidified water ecosystems. The toxic effect of Al has been attributed to inorganic Al (Ali), though there are few in situ studies in ambient humic waters which are the focus of this thesis.The aim was to estimate Ali toxicity and thus also Ali concentrations in Swedish humic streams. Subsequently it is necessary to analyse Ali correctly, which was studied by modelling and method intercalibrations. The hypothesis was that the effect of Ali could be followed via physiological effects and Al accumulation, as well as by mortality. Toxicity was studied by in stream exposures of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) and two salmonid prey organisms (Gammarus pulex and Baetis rhodani) during spring flood.The modelling of the Ali fraction was performed using monitoring data covering all of Sweden with satisfactory results. The essential variables for Ali modelling were determined; Al, DOC, pH and F, while Fe, Ca and Mg had less effect. The automated analytical procedure for Ali (with cation exchange followed by complexation with pyrocatechol violet) was modified and validated and showed to be the preferred method for laboratory analyses.To avoid detrimental effects for brown trout Ali should be <20 µg/L and pH >5.0; mortality was high when the Ali was above 50 µg/L. The invertebrates were more sensitive, as mortalities occurred at pH <6.0 and Ali >15 µg/L for G. pulex, and at pH <5.7 and Ali >20 µg/L for B. rhodani. It is prudent to use a wide view and let the most sensitive species set the tolerance limits; a pH above 5.7-6.0 and Ali below 15-20 µg/L allows the stream ecosystems to thrive.Today, as waters are recovering from acidification, the aim of mitigating liming is to carefully adjust dosage to avoid suboptimal water quality. The thresholds found in this thesis can be used to efficiently but carefully decrease liming, as both Ali and pH levels have to be balanced to sustain the recovering aquatic biota.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bastsigvard_2025,
  title = {Exploring the local and regional impacts on ecosystem services and green infrastructure for scenarios of urban development in Stockholm, Sweden},
  author = {Bast, Sigvard and Mörtberg, Ulla},
  year = {2025},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {mark- och vattenteknik; land and water resources engineering},
  abstract = {Urban development policies tend to promote denser cities that are more energy-efficient and less transport reliant than urban sprawls. This will strongly affect ecosystem services (ES) that cities are dependent on but tend to disregard. If a shift is made towards prioritizing ES and planning with nature-based solutions whilst also meeting the need for new housing, urban regions could become forerunners in planning for a sustainable transformative change. These sometimes conflicting demands need to be balanced to inform critical urban policy and planning decisions, which require planning support tools that can analyze and assess such conflicts. According to the main policy of the regional plan for Stockholm, urban densification is a leading principle so urban growth will be promoted in already established urban cores throughout the region up until 2060. Simultaneously, the County Administrative Board has launched an action plan for green infrastructure (GI), aiming to strengthen biodiversity and ES of the region. The aim of this study is to explore local and regional impacts on ES for two different future scenarios of urban development and compare them with the GI plan to discuss scale problems, spatial mismatches and possibilities for multi-functionality, related to planning practice. The study area is the southern part of Stockholm metropolitan region, embracing three neighbouring municipalities in a gradient from urban to peri-urban. The dense scenario simulated the expected urban densification with no regard to local greenery, while the green-dense scenario simulated dense housing units but scattered enough to allow at least 30% canopy coverage within 300 m from residential buildings. ES capacities were estimated for mitigation of heat island effect and flood risk, and access to local and regional nature-based recreation. This was compared to the GI plan to estimate overall regional scale impacts. The results showed that urban dense development had apparent drawbacks from a local ES perspective, while the green-dense scenario left room for local ES but instead spread more in the landscape; impacting on regional recreation values and GI. Proportions and location of nature areas related to urban densification versus sprawl need further attention for balancing different types of ES. The methodology is useful for urban planning support and will thus enable integration of ES in policy and planning decisions of metropolitan regions, with the goal to increase their sustainability.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bastsigvard_2025_1,
  title = {Towards nature-based planning in metropolitan regions: Exploring scenarios for dense and green urban development informed by needs for ecosystem services of current and future citizens},
  author = {Bast, Sigvard and Mörtberg, Ulla},
  year = {2025},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {mark- och vattenteknik; land and water resources engineering},
  abstract = {For metropolitan regions to become more sustainable they have to adopt urban development policies that promote urban growth that is both energy and transport effective, while simultaneously integrating nature-based solutions (NBS) that support ecosystem services (ES) and biodiversity (BD). However, since space is limited in urban areas and demands on the landscape are numerous and many times conflicting it is a complex challenge to implement NBS successfully. According to the regional plan for Stockholm, urban densification is to be promoted in already established urban cores throughout the region up until 2060. Simultaneously, the County Administrative Board has launched an action plan for green infrastructure (GI), aiming to strengthen BD and ES. A planning support tool that integrates NBS and visualizes trade-offs and synergies of ES and BD whilst meeting the need of new housing would help planners to develop future urban trajectories of the region with stronger integration of the social-ecological-technological system. The aim of this study is to explore local and regional impacts on ES for two future scenarios of urban development and compare them with the GI plan to discuss scale problems, spatial mismatches and possibilities for multi-functionality. The study area embraces three neighbouring municipalities in a gradient from urban to peri-urban in Stockholm. The dense scenario simulated urban densification without regard to local greenery, while the green-dense scenario simulated scattered housing units to allow at least 30% canopy coverage within 300 m from residential buildings. ES capacities were estimated for mitigation of heat islands and flood risk, and access to local and regional nature-based recreation. This was compared to the GI plan to estimate overall regional scale impacts on BD. The results showed that dense development had drawbacks from a local ES perspective, while the green-dense scenario left room for local ES but instead spread more in the landscape; impacting regional nature-based recreation and GI. Proportions and location of nature areas related to urban densification versus sprawl need further attention for balancing different types of ES. The methodology is useful for planning support and will enable integration of ES in policy and planning decisions of metropolitan regions.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_blankhenrick_2006,
  title = {Inventering av klockgentiana (Gentiana pneumonanthe) i Jönköpings län 2005},
  author = {Blank, Henrick},
  year = {2006},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {Länsstyrelsen i Jönköpings län},
  keywords = {jönköping},
  abstract = {Klockgentiana Gentiana pneumonanthe är fridlyst i hela landet och den är även upptagen på den svenska rödlistan i kategorin VU (sårbar). Den är en flerårig, låg ört med stora, blå blommor. Blomningstiden är från juli till september. I Jönköpings län förekommer klockgentianan i de sydvästliga kommunerna Sävsjö, Vaggeryd, Gnosjö, Gislaved och Värnamo.Klockgentiana växer på fuktig till våt mark som domineras av blåtåtel Molinia caerulea och pors Myrica gale. Den växer oftast utmed stränder av sjöar, vattendrag men även i fuktiga betes- eller slåttermarker. Arten gynnas av hävd och på stränder av störningar i form av iserosion och översvämning.I Jönköpings län ligger samtliga lokaler utom en i anslutning till sjöstränder. Undantaget är en betesmark i Henja, Gislaveds kommun.Enligt åtgärdsprogrammet för klockgentiana ska arten inventeras och ett antal lokaler ska ha en lämplig skötsel och tillräckligt skydd för att säkerställa att populationen av klockgentiana inte minskar. I Jönköpings län inventerades redan kända lokaler och ett antal nya strandsträckor vid framförallt sjöar och enstaka vattendrag. Ett antal stickprov gjordes även vid sjöar som klockgentiana dokumenterats från längre tillbaka i tiden samt närliggande sjöar.För varje sjö har en bedömning av klockgentianans bevarandestatus gjorts. Bedömningen följer en tregradig skala där 1 är bäst och 3 är sämst bevarandestatus. På de flesta lokalerna finns det enbart äldre plantor. Klockgentianan är långlivad och kan bli 30-40 år gammal. Vid tidpunkten för inventeringen var det främst Ettö-deltats naturreservat, Långasjön, Flaten och Furen som hyste plantor i olika stadier.Lokalerna vid Långasjön, Rolstorpasjön, Flaten, Hären, Algustorpasjön (Svartevik), Illersåasjön, Stumsjön, Vidöstern (ute på Tånnö), Furen, Bolmen (Liljenäs) hyser stabila populationer och växtplatserna är och kan säkert förbli bra om hävden fortsätter eller återkommer inom en snar framtid. Vissa av lokalerna vid sjöarna är betesmarker medan några av lokalerna saknar hävd i form av bete.Det största hotet mot klockgentianan är upphörd hävd i betesmarkerna samt igenväxning av stränderna. Lämpliga åtgärder för att motverka igenväxning kan vara ett anpassat betstryck i betesmarkerna samt bränning. Störningar i form av iserosion och översvämningar är inte tillräckligt för att hålla tillbaka pors och blåtåtel på stränderna. För att få bukt med igenväxningen krävs det manuell påverkan. Generellt bör träd och buskar hållas efter så de inte skuggar för mycket.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_2024,
  title = {Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East Climate Change Initiative: report of the Task Force on Tourism},
  year = {2024},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {The Cyprus Institute},
  abstract = {The continuous increase in greenhouse gas emissions in addition to other anthropogenic pressures on the environment related to the territory (e.g. extensive deforestation and urbanization) have led to important changes in climatic parameters, such as the increase in global surface temperature and fluctuations in precipitation levels. The response to climate change manifestations as well as the severity of the phenomena vary among different regions, leading to the creation of climate change hotspots. The Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East (EMME) region is considered among these hotspots due to increasing trends in mean temperature and temporal variability of its meteorological features as well as dependency on the tourism sector (Scott et al., 2019). According to relative projections, the temperature trends (mean temperature and summer peaks) in the region will continue to intensify throughout the 21st century leading to extreme weather events, such as heatwaves and severe prolonged droughts. The frequency, duration and magnitude of these events are expected to increase with severe impacts on society, the environment and economic activity in the region. In addition, increasing population growth and urbanization rates are expected to intensify competition over the local natural resources, thus leading to expansion and worsening of environmental issues and social inequalities. Additional risks are expectedfor tourism from potential sea level rise impacts due to climate change, affecting the majority of typicalregional tourist assets, the beaches, but also coastal tourism-related development, as well as natural risks,such as flooding and forest fires (Olya & Alipour, 2015).This document presents an overview of key issues related to tourism and tourism development in theregion, highlighting that tourism as a multi-sectoral activity, is affected by and affects climate change inmultiple ways. Therefore, there is a need for a complex approach to climate change adaptation andmitigation from supporting basic resources (water, energy, soil) to key tourism assets (beaches, naturaland cultural heritage) and tourist destinations (in terms of spatial planning and management) (Jopp et al.,2010; Scott et al., 2012).The purpose of the report is to provide a scientifically based set of recommendations for regional action.Furthermore, we aim at identifying particularities in the region and create opportunities to showcaseexperiences and good practices in the context of EMME-CCI.}
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hausnerverahelene_2021,
  title = {Impacts of climate change and climate extremes on Arctic livelihoods and communities},
  author = {Hausner, Vera Helene and Trainor, Sarah F. and Cook, David and Fauchald, Per and Ford, James and Klokov, Konstantin and Nikitina, Elena and Nilsson, Lena Maria and Stammler, Florian},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Amap arctic climate update 2021},
  pages = {107--143},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Tromsö : Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP)},
  keywords = {folkhälsa; public health},
  abstract = {Key findings:• Climate change is impacting the subsistence harvestbased livelihoods of many small Arctic communities, affecting the quality or supply of traditional food and drinking water, including availability of species to be harvested, and altering transportation access.• Rain-on-snow, extreme snowfall, and variable freezethaw cycles have resulted in severe impacts for reindeer herders. In 2020, multiple snowstorms combined with a late spring thaw resulted in high newborn calf mortality and, together with other social stresses related to Covid-19, created severe crises for reindeer herders in Fennoscandia.• Commercial fisheries are expanding in Arctic shelf ecosystems with warmer oceans and less sea ice. This could benefit local economies and job creation, but may also challenge traditional livelihoods and culture and impact vulnerable Arctic ecosystems. Large uncertainties are associated with the effects of ocean acidification, which could potentially counteract increased commercial fishing opportunities. Commercial fishing is currently prohibited by international agreement in the Central Arctic Ocean.• Warmer water is enabling a northward expansion of salmon farming in the ice-free European Arctic. The aquaculture industry brings employment opportunities and positive ripple effects for local economies, but also has environmental and societal costs that need to be considered in marine spatial planning and regulatory measures.• Arctic cruise tourism is increasing and is attracted to the wildlife associated with the marginal ice zone. Although increased cruise tourism brings the potential for local economic development, adverse local impacts have been reported, including impacts on culture, local hunting and fishing, crowding, and revenue largely benefitting foreign-based individuals and corporations.• Permafrost thaw, flooding, and coastal erosion are causing damage to buildings, roads, and other infrastructure, and pose serious financial and health risks to Arctic residents.• Wildfire occurrence near populated regions in North America and Sweden, and throughout Siberia, in the past five years has resulted in significant economic loss from property damage as well as physical and mental health impacts.• Fishing, cruise tourism, and increased oil and gas operations near the marginal ice zone could increase demand on search and rescue operations and may represent a considerable risk for vulnerable ecosystems. The extent of ice cover is important for determining the fate of an Arctic oil spill and research indicates longer term and more severe ecological impacts from oil spills in the Arctic than in other regions.• Understanding and studying integrated socio-ecological systems, including cumulative and cascading impacts, is important not only in terms of research, but also in terms of risk mitigation, hazard response, climate adaptation,}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_johanssonmagnus_2009,
  title = {Evaluating the range of perspectives on lessons-learning from the 2005 storm in Sweden},
  author = {Johansson, Magnus and Nyberg, Lars and Blumenthal, Barbara},
  year = {2009},
  language = {eng},
  abstract = {Lessons learning from systematic analyses of past natural disasters is of great importance for future risk reduction and vulnerability management. It is one crucial piece of a puzzle towards disaster resilient societies, together with e.g. models of future emerging climate-related risks, globalization or demographic changes. Systematic analyses of impact and management of past events have commonly been produced in many sectors, but the knowledge is seldom shared outside the own organization or produced for other actors. LPHC (low probability high consequences) disasters usually comprise most analytical activities, since they often are met with surprise and highlight the failure to integrate resilience into normal societal planning. During the last 50 years, several LPHC events in Sweden have functioned as alarm clocks and entailed major changes and improvements in government policies or legislations, safety management systems, risk assessments, response training, stakeholder communication, etc. Such an event occurred in January 2005 when Northern Europe was confronted with one of the most severe storms in modern history. Accidents that caused 24 fatalities occurred (17 in Sweden), several regions in UK and Germany were flooded and extensive areas of storm-felled forests left nearly one million households in Scandinavia without electricity. In Sweden the quantity of storm-felled trees was equivalent to the combined volume felled by other storms during the whole of the 20th century, which caused exceptional damage to forests, roads, railways and electricity and telecommunications networks, including cell-phones. Follow-ups and evaluations at local level, as regulated by law, together with government commissions to central authorities and interest from research communities, have resulted in an extensive production of documented lessons learning. The production of in total 24 reports, 7 scientific articles and 2 economic reports from business associations divides thematically quite equally within coping capacity and exposed and susceptible elements. Most attention allots crisis management and response issues (45 %). Only one attempt is made to present a holistic view of the event and it is not a law bounded initiative. Evaluations from other recent events, e.g. the flood 2000 in Arvika and the landslide at Munkedal 2006, show the same clear focus on crisis management and less or none consideration taken to environmental, social or socioeconomic consequences. It reflects the traditional political financial will to invest in a high level on response capacity on expense of preventive work}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_minhnguyenanh_2017,
  title = {Legacy and emerging pollutants in pristine and polluted boreal catchments},
  author = {Minh Nguyen, Anh},
  year = {2017},
  language = {eng},
  abstract = {Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are bioaccumulative chemicals that are ubiquitously and globally distributed in the environment. Several species of POPs have been studied extensively and are continuously being monitored in various environmental matrices for decades. However, with the increasing amounts of chemicals produced and made commercially available, potential emerging POPs are receiving more attention. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) are two groups of emerging substances that are currently of great concern due to their potential toxicity and high mobility in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The overall objective of this thesis was to improve our understanding on the impact of various pollution sources, environmental pathways, transport and fate of both legacy and emerging PFASs and PACs in pristine and polluted boreal catchments. In Paper I, population density was found to be significantly correlated with PFAS levels in rivers. Ten rivers with distinctly higher ƩPFAS concentrations and with a common compositional profile (higher fraction of perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids) were identified, suggesting a major impact from a similar kind of point source(s) in these rivers. Significant positive relationships between several PFASs and dissolved organic carbon were detected in river and sea water, indicating chemical binding and co-transport in aquatic ecosystems. The findings in Paper II show that levels and compositional profiles of PFASs in river water were highly impacted by point sources and hydrological conditions. Seasonal trends of PFASs were impacted by river flow probably caused by mobilization of PFASs from contaminated soil and groundwater. In Paper III, fluxes of PACs in atmospheric deposition showed that they were higher during the cold season, both for PAHs and PAH-derivatives. The deposited PACs were found to be largely retained in the terrestrial environment of the boreal forest catchment or lost by other processes with <2% of the total deposited amount of ƩPACs exported via the outlet of the headwater on average over a year. During spring flood, the concentrations of PACs were found to be significantly higher than levels during the preceding snow-covered and snow-free seasons (Paper IV). Besides seasonal changes, landscape type (forest or mire) was found to have an impact on terrestrial export of PACs, with higher levels of PACs in a mire stream than in stream water in a forested sub-catchment.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_perssongunn_2015,
  title = {Från utsläppsscenarier till lokal nederbörd och översvämningsrisker},
  author = {persson, gunn and Nylén, Linda and Berggreen-clausen, Steve and Berg, Peter and Rayner, D.P.},
  year = {2015},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {SMHI},
  abstract = {Inom det av MSB finansierade projektet ”Nederbörd och översvämningar i framtidens Sverige − ett system till stöd för klimatanpassning” har SMHI ansvarat för hydrologisk och hydraulisk modellering samt framtagande av tidsserier med lokalt klimat för framtida förhållanden. Två metoder att bearbeta klimatdata har använts; SMHI:s Distributionsbaserad skalering (DBS) och en statistisk metod utarbetad vid Göteborgs universitet. Hydrologiska modeller har satts upp för Ätran och Torneälven och har sedan använts för beräkningar med de framtagna tidsserierna, som omfattar både SRES- och RCP-scenarier. Flöden med 100 års och 200 års återkomsttid har därefter beräknats liksom Beräknat högsta flöde (Bhf). Hydrauliska modeller för Falkenberg vid Ätran och Haparanda vid Torneälven har satts upp och beräkningar av vattennivåer har gjorts utifrån flödesberäkningarna och antaganden om havsnivåer. Därefter har översvämningsskikt applicerats på kartor. Samtliga beräkningar pekar mot ökande årsmedeltemperatur och årsmedelnederbörd i framtiden. För Ätrans avrinningsområde beräknas att antalet dygnstemperaturer kring noll grader och kring 15°C minskar till förmån för fler dagar med 5-10°C och från 15°C uppemot 25°C. Dagar med mindre än 10 mm nederbörd blir färre och dagar med 10-40 mm ökar. För Torneälvens avrinningsområde ser de riktigt låga dygnstemperaturerna ut att minska och istället blir det fler dagar med temperaturer strax under noll grader. En ökning av antalet dagar med medeltemperaturer kring 15°C ökar. Dagar med några mm nederbörd minskar och dagar med 5-25 mm ökar. Samtliga beräkningar pekar på ökad intensiv nederbörd och antalet torra dagar minskar enligt nästan alla beräkningar. Generellt sett ökar samtliga beräknade flöden för Ätran och för Torneälven ser de ut att minska mot slutet av seklet. Det dimensionerande snötäcket minskar för Ätran med 30-80%. Även för Torneälven ses minskande snötäcke i de flesta scenarier på ca 10-60%. Medeltillrinningen ser ut att öka både för Torneälven och för Ätran. Den maximala tillrinningen minskar troligen för Torneälven, vilket till stor del kan kopplas till mindre snömängder, och ökar för Ätran, vilket beror på ökad nederbörd. För Torneälven ses en förskjutning mot tidigare flödestoppar på våren, kopplat till en tidigare snösmältning. Havsvattenståndet har stor betydelse för vattennivåerna i Ätran ända upp till Tullbron. Uppströms Tullbron är det storleksordningen på flödet som styr hur hög vattennivån blir i Ätran. Havet påverkar vattennivåerna i mynningen vid Torneälven och längs kusten. Uppströms i Torneälven är det storleksordningen på flödet som styr vattennivåerna, och därmed risken för översvämning. Summary}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_wupianpian_2017,
  title = {Methylmercury in boreal freshwater food webs},
  author = {Wu, Pianpian},
  year = {2017},
  language = {eng},
  abstract = {Mercury (Hg) and bioaccumulation of its organic form methylmercury (MeHg) has long been regarded as a global issue for human and wildlife health. This is of particular concern for Sweden, where forest harvests and wetlands remain hotspots of MeHg export to boreal freshwaters. The aim of the study was to better understand how environmental change impacts MeHg bioavailability and bioaccumulation with a focus on the base of the food web in Swedish freshwaters. In the thesis, I first examined the impacts of forest harvest on Hg bioaccumulation in fish. From analysis of more than a thousand fish samples from six lakes, it was clear that there was a large variation of fish Hg levels over time and between lakes. The study emphasizes the need for long-term studies to assess the influences on Hg levels in biota. Beaver ponds were also studied to understand the processes influencing MeHg concentrations in water. Increased MeHg production in the sediment was stimulated shortly after flooding by new beaver dams, and that stimulation was related to the quality of the organic carbon. To explore the basis for large discrepancies between aqueous MeHg exposure and the ultimate degree of MeHg bioaccumulation in different aquatic ecosystems, a literature review was conducted on MeHg bioaccumulation from water into the base of the food web. The bioconcentration factor for MeHg, that is the ratio of MeHg concentrations in water and seston or zooplankton, was found to be critical for subsequent MeHg bioaccumulation. To better identify linkages between MeHg uptake and different nutrient sources at the base of the food web, fatty acids were used to distinguish specific diet sources in aquatic primary consumers of plankton and macroinvertebrates. Correlation of Hg bioaccumulation with specific fatty acids confirmed that Hg content increased simultaneously with the retention of polyunsaturated fatty acids in primary consumers. These findings contribute to a better focus on the role of the base of aquatic food webs in transferring MeHg upwards along trophic cascades, as well as landscape influences on elevated MeHg bioaccumulation. Further advances in understanding how the structures at the base of aquatic food webs function with respect to mercury cycling are needed to better predict how changes in the landscape, climate and water chemistry will alter Hg bioaccumulation in fish.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_2013_1,
  title = {Åtgärdsprogram för orangefläckig brunbagge2013–2017: (Dircaea australis)},
  year = {2013},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {Naturvårdsverket},
  abstract = {Orangefläckig brunbagge Dircaea australis är en vedlevande skalbagge som hör till familjen Melandryidae. Arten har en relativt liten global utbredning i centrala Europa samt en isolerad förekomst i östra Småland. Kärnområdet i östra Småland är Hornsö ekopark med anslutande naturreservat. Längre söderut i Europa saknas arten i skogar med skogsbruk. Orangefläckig brunbagge lever i grövre vitrötad och torr lövträdsved i naturskogar med stort lövinslag, en av de skogstyper som minskat mest till följd av människans åtgärder. Orangefläckig brunbagge bedöms därför som hotad i hela sitt utbredningsområde.Sannolikt är orangefläckiga brunbaggen starkt gynnad av frekventa skogsbränder och översvämning invid åar och runt våtmarker som håller skogarna öppna, missgynnar gran och skapar grövre solexponerad lövträdsved. Ett återinförande av en naturlig störningsregim med bränder och översvämningar rekommenderas i områden avsatta för artbevarande.Lövvirke över 10 cm i diameter som lämnas ute under perioden 1 juni–31 juli och som senare flisas eller sågas utgör dödsfällor för arten. Som en åtgärd i programmet föreslås speciella bestämmelser eller överenskommelser i östra Småland när det gäller flisning av lövvirke för att inte missgynna de många hotade arter knutna till lövvirke i denna region, inklusive orangefläckig brunbagge. Gynnsam bevarandestatus för orangefläckig brunbagge har uppnåtts när det finns flera livskraftiga populationer med vardera över 1 000 individer på flera skilda platser i östra Småland samt spridda förekomster däremellan och arten kan avföras från rödlistan. För att uppnå detta mål måste mängden grövre vitrötad solexponerad lövträdsved ökas mycket kraftigt i östra Småland. Kunskap om hur mycket lämplig död lövved som behövs för att orangefläckig brunbagge ska uppträda i livskraftiga populationer bör tas fram. Förekomsten av orangefläckig brunbagge kartläggs 2013–2015 utanför Ekopark Hornsö med anslutande naturreservat för att dokumentera artens förekomst i regionen och leta upp perifera lokala populationer.Senast 2017 bör ansvariga tjänstemän på myndigheter, kommuner, skogsbolag och skogsägarföreningar inom förekomstområdet för orangefläckig brunbagge vara informerade om arten, dess ekologi, åtgärdsprogrammet och lämpliga åtgärder för att gynna arten samt hur GROT ska hanteras. Kända förekomstplatser för orangefläckig brunbagge ska ha undersökts med avseende på förekomsten och mängden av lämpligt substrat. Nya potentiella lokaler bör inventeras under perioden. GROT-högar med grövre lövved (>20 cm i diameter) från områden med kända förekomster bör sparas för att undvika flisning. Att teckna naturvårdavtal är ett alternativ för detta. Slutligen ska det senast 2016 finnas en bristanalys med avseende på aktuell och framtida tillgång på död ved för samtliga aktuella lokaler med orangefläckig brunbagge.De åtgärder som förutsätts finansieras av Naturvårdsverkets medel för genomförande av åtgärdsprogram för hotade arter beräknas totalt uppgå till 1 000 000 kr under programmets giltighetsperiod 2013–2017.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_carlssonmaria_2005_2,
  title = {Strandnära boende: metod för nyansering av strändernas skyddsvärden},
  author = {Carlsson, Maria},
  year = {2005},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {Länsstyrelsen i Jönköpings län},
  keywords = {jönköping},
  abstract = {Strandskyddsområdet ut i vattnet är generellt sett dåligt undersökt. För framtagandet av metodiken har data samlats in i fält. Data som samlats in här har gett värdefull information för beskrivning och bedömning av naturvärden. Landstrandzonens naturvärden kan däremot bedömas utifrån redan insamlade data som finns på Länsstyrelsen i form av inventeringar och kartmaterial. Den befintliga informationen om landstranden var omfattande och den kompletterande fältkontrollen har inte givit speciellt mycket extra information. Beroende på tillgängligt underlag kan man dock välja att inventera landstranden i fält. Bedömningen av allemansrättslig tillgänglighet av närmiljö och omgivning kan göras utifrån kartmaterial. Däremot måste bedömningen av sjöstrandens lämplighet för bad baseras på data från fältbesök eftersom bottensubstrat inte går att urskilja med hjälp av kartmaterial. Om man vill ha en mer sammanhängande bild över allemansrättslig tillgänglighet både inom och utanför strandskyddszonen kan metoden från Regionplane- och trafikkontoret (2001) tillämpas.Föreliggande rapport redovisar metoderna som använts i delprojekt A ”Nyansering av strändernas skyddsvärden”. Delprojektet består av tre delar. I den första delen beskrivs metoden som använts för att inventera och differentiera naturvärden inom och i anslutning till strandskyddat område. Metoden bygger till största delen på metoden för biotopkartering av sjöstränder som kombinerar digitala kartdata med fältkontroller av både land- och vattenområdet (Länsstyrelsen i Jönköpings län 2000). Materialet från biotopkarteringen används sedan för att beskriva naturmiljöerna i och runt sjön. Utifrån dessa data kan man också på olika sätt klassa naturlighet eller exploateringsgrad för hela eller delar av sjön. Klassningssystemet har fem klasser för att efterlikna Naturvårdsverkets bedömningsgrunder för miljökvalitet (Naturvårdsverket 1999) och bedömningssystemet i System Aqua (Naturvårdsverket 2001).Den andra delen behandlar allemansrättsliga värden och består av en bedömning av allemansrättslig tillgänglighet och lämplighet av området inom strandskyddszonen. Tillgängligheten har klassats i fyra klasser där den lägsta klassen utgörs av exploaterad mark (spärrat för allmänheten) och där den högsta klassen omfattas av anordningar för friluftslivet. Klassningen har gjorts genom kartstudier och vid behov har justeringar gjorts vid fältbesöken. Bedömningen av sjöstrandens lämplighet för bad baseras på bottensubstrat och vegetation och har gjorts i samband med fältbesök. I samband med fältbesöken har allemansrättsliga objekt (till exempel fågeltorn, vandringsleder och grillplatser) runt sjön kartlagts. De allemansrättsliga objekten har kompletterats med hjälp av en enkät. Enkäten har gått ut till berörda intressenter såsom kommunerna och ideella föreningar som till exempel Friluftsfrämjandet och fiskevårdsområdesföreningar.Översvämningsrisken har aktualiserats genom de senaste somrarnas översvämningar, 2003 i de östra länsdelarna och 2004 i västra delen av länet. I delprojektets tredje del analyseras risken för översvämning inom strandskyddsområdet baserat på vattenstånd vid 10-, 50- och 100-årsflöden. Analysen görs med hjälp av GIS-verktyg och baseras på nederbördsdata och digitala höjdkurvor.Höglandskommunerna har valt ut ett antal sjöar där metodiken testats. Resultatet från inventeringen redovisas i en resultatrapport med tillhörande kartor, en delrapport per kommun. Varje delrapport innehåller kommunens sjöar samt en jämförelse mellan sjöarna. Den här rapporten redogör för metodiken.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_2023,
  title = {Climate-Proof Planning: Creative Design Solutions in Stockholm},
  year = {2023},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {KTH Royal Institute of Technology},
  keywords = {climate change; stadsbyggnad; urban design; strategier för hållbar utveckling; strategies for sustainable development; urbana och regionala studier; urban and regional studies; historiska studier av teknik; vetenskap och miljö; history of science; technology and environment},
  abstract = {IntroductionThe waterfront of Stockholm, one of Europe's fastest-growing cities, stands at the forefront of climate change challenges. As such, there is a pressing need for innovative solutions and resilient urban design. The SOS Climate Waterfront research project gathered international experts and local representatives, coming from different disciplines to work together in May-June 2022 to discuss, explore proposals and design Sustainable Open Solutions (SOS).This book explores three urban sites in Stockholm, holding significant implications for the city's waterfront— Lövholmen, Frihamnen, and Södra Värtan. During the workshop, SOS Climate Waterfront participants, mainly European researchers, analyzed future challenges, raised new questions, and depicted solutions, which can now contribute to cross-country comparisons in a larger EU-framework.The three sites are not only driven by the demand for more housing but also face crucial issues related to cultural heritage, climate change, landscape ecology, and social development. Achieving a delicate balance between these aspects and economic interests presents a significant task for the city. The waterfront of Stockholm holds substantial relevance in the context of climate change and its impact on coastal areas. Thus, analysis of the Swedish context, based on data collected and on-site knowledge sustains a deeper understanding of the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.Stockholm is expected to be affected by the impacts of climate change, including temperature increases, changing precipitation patterns, and the potential for more frequent cloudbursts. While the rising sea level is a long-term challenge rather than an immediate concern, increasing risks of extreme weather events and flooding were taken in consideration.Stockholm rests on two different bodies of water, at a location where the Baltic Sea (Östersjön in Swedish) with brackish water meets Lake Mälaren, which is an important provider of freshwater for the larger Stockholm area. As the lyrics of a popular contemporary Swedish song (by Robert Broberg) describe it: “the city is full of water”. However, to ensure that the ecological and chemical status will be maintained, in facing future challenges in terms of urbanisation and climate change, much attention has been paid to ensure the preservation of the water quality of the Mälaren Lake, a vital water source for two million people.The city values its water and continuously invests in improving the situation (e.g. the new sluice at Slussen). The activities carried out in the SOS Climate Waterfront workshop in Stockholm integrated this relationship to water as well as the continuing land-rise, the balance of which adds complexity to the sea level modelling and therefore also to the anticipations and scenarios for the future.In this book, the authors explore innovative strategies and design proposals to tackle these challenges while preserving the cultural identity and heritage value of the sites. Researchers from various European cities, supported by experts and academic lectures, analyze extensive input materials and information, ranging from planning documents and historical records to consultation reports and city visions. By drawing upon multidisciplinary backgrounds and experiences, the researchers identify the socioeconomic and environmental qualities of each site, ultimately developing site design concepts and solutions that address climate change challenges, the maintenance of cultural identities, and the protection of biodiversity.Throughout the book, the proposed designs emphasize the importance of finding a balance between preserving cultural heritage, the values of local communities, the stimulating economic growth, and promotion of sustainable urban development. Key elements include the reuse of existing infrastructure, the integration of green-blue schemes, the improvement of biodiversity, and the creation of vibrant and multi-functional neighbourhoods that connect people to each other and their surroundings.While design solutions present promising approaches, their implementation and the institutional challenges that may arise in specific city contexts remain external to the results presented here. The book acknowledges the need for further research and highlights the shared recognition among the workshop participants regarding the gaps and blind spots in their findings.The following chapters of the book delve into climate change in Sweden, the role of culture and arts in the environmental movement, and specific case studies and design proposals for each site. By exploring these diverse perspectives, this book aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on sustainable urban design and planning, to inspire innovative approaches in addressing complex challenges faced by Stockholm in the future.PART 1 of the book offers a comprehensive understanding of climate change in Sweden, street fishing in Stockholm, and the role of culture and arts in the environmental movement in the Nordic Region and internationally. Furthermore, the lessons from Stockholm and its surroundings in this report draw on presentations, by professionals and researchers from various fields, made during the workshop. Some of these lessons have been written into interesting articles, introduced below.The chapter “Climate change in Sweden” by Magnus Joelsson from the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI) provides an updated analysis with data and the context for discussing climate change in Sweden. The text makes the distinction between weather and climate, referring to the expression “Climate is what you expect, weather is what you get” that Mark Twain is said to have coined. Moreover, calling for actions by emphasising that the trend of climate change is expected to continue, both globally and in Sweden. What will happen in the far future still depends on our actions, now and in the future.The contribution entitled “Urban nature does not stop at the waterfront, neither should urban planning, a case study of street fishing in Stockholm” raises questions about how planning and strategies for waterfront areas in cities should consider more perspectives from a wider group of interests. It discusses how urban dwellers live with water, with a focus on recreational fishing and what this use entails. The authors (Anja Moum Rieser, from KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Wieben Johannes Boonstra and Rikard Hedling, both from Uppsala University) go beyond the human-centric view and expand the gaze to other species’ needs and also incorporating the body of water in planning for the urban waterfront areas.The chapter “The role of culture and arts in the environmental movement in the Nordic Region and internationally” by Elisavet Papageorgiou and Iwona Preis from Intercult, discusses artistic perspectives on sustainability and climate change. This focuses on how art and culture can raise awareness, provide inspiring actions, and promote social cohesion around sustainable practices. Drawing on experiences from projects aiming to invite and engage community dialogues, they argue that artistic strategies can challenge dominant narratives and promote alternative visions for a sustainable future.The contribution “Sense the Marsh” by Thelma Dethelfsen from KTH The Royal Institute of Technology, emphasises the importance of architecture and landscape design in creating adaptive and resilient strategies to manage flooding and sea level rise. The study focuses on how designs can encourage interaction and awareness with the surroundings. Thereby highlighting the interfaces between humans and nature and raising questions about how flooding can be used as a quality and catalyst to attract more people to an area. The resulting design provides an opportunity to experience nature though the design and architectural solutions, situated on the border between human, non-human species and nature.In PART 2, readers will explore the detailed design proposals developed by different groups for the urban sites in focus. These proposals aim to intertwine sustainability, cultural identity, and economic interests, offering insights into the potential for resilient and vibrant urban spaces.By assessing existing conditions on three sites analysed in Stockholm, including Lövholmen, Frihamnen, and Södra Värtan, the teams participating in the workshop actively contributed to the analysis of the sites and development of design solutions for the areas, in the end forming strategies for better preparedness for future challenges and better lives for the inhabitants.Lövholmen is located in the north-western part of Liljeholmen, one of the major developmental centres in Stockholm. The area is currently a closed-off industrial site, but the municipality’s intention is to redevelop it into a mixed urban space with homes, workplaces, shops, schools, and more. It's expected that 1500 new homes will be built in the area. Many of the current industrial buildings are empty and in bad shape. While some of these will be replaced with housing, other industrial buildings have heritage value and should be protected during the development, after which a new use should be found for them. Frihamnen is, together with the Södra Värtan project, part of the larger development of ”Norra Djurgårdsstaden”, the Stockholm Royal Seaport. Frihamnen is located to the south of Värtahamnen and is in turn strongly connected to Loudden in the south. The municipality plans for the area to contain approximately 1700 homes, 4000 workplaces and 75,000 m2 of retail and office space. Some of the existing businesses in Frihamnen will remain, but much of the existing infrastructure is planned to be removed. The harbour no longer handles freight shipping, but passenger ships will continue to depart from the harbour (Frihamnspiren).Södra Värtan is planned to contain 1}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_eliassonclaesu_2002,
  title = {Övervakning och inventering av ärenprisnätfjäril på Gotland 2002},
  author = {ELIASSON, CLAES U},
  year = {2002},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {Länsstyrelsen i Gotlands län},
  keywords = {gotland; fjärilar; skog; ärenprisnätfjäril; väddnätfjäril},
  abstract = {År 2002 bjöd på gynnsamt väder för inventering och övervakning av ärenprisnätfjäril Euphydryas aurinia. Fortsatta inventeringar av sydligaste Gotland visar att arten idag sanno-likt endast finns kvar på norra Gotland. Förekomsten på Bälsalvret, Kallgate och omkringlig-gande områden i Hejnum och Bäl socknar är fortsatt de enda lämpade för framtida natur-vårdsåtgärder. Artens främsta förekomstområden här har olyckligtvis kommit att omfattas av ett större be-tesprojekt som samlat merparten av de lokala markägarna. Initiativet till projektet var helt markägarnas, och dessa har själva bekostat stängslingen av de mycket stora markområdena som ingår i hägnen. Förhoppningen har varit att komma i åtnjutande av EU-bidrag. Det olyck-liga består i att miljön, som felaktigt ger intryck av att ha varit kontinuerligt betad under tidi-gare decennier, består av en mycket mjuk och finkornig kalklera på en vattenavstötande berg-grund av märgelsten. Området liknar i sin geologiska uppbyggnad inte andra delar av Got-land, och erfarenheter av bete på till synes liknande miljöer på ön bör inte tillämpas här. De stora arealerna av blekvätar ger ett mycket dåligt bete men utsätts för kraftigt markslitage av boskapen då denna förflyttar sig i området och sjunker ned i den av nederbörden upp-mjukade leran. Blekvätarna är ärenprisnätfjärilens enda livsmiljö här på ön. Värdväxten ängsvädd (Succisa pratensis) växer endast talrikt inom delar av ärenprisnätfjärilens 6 x 2 km stora utbrednings-område. Fjärilen ställer stora krav på hög markfuktighet, och reproduktionen sker till över-vägande delen på väddplantor växande på tuvor som är höga nog att inte översvämmas under mer långvariga nederbördsperioder. Fjärilshonan är vidare mycket kräsen i sitt val av rätt blad för äggläggningen då samtliga ägg läggs i en grupp. För att erhålla rätt soluppvärmning av äggen utan att överhettning uppstår måste hon finna ett stort oanfrätt väddblad som pekar rakt mot solen i zenit, på en högre tuva och helst omgiven av fler plantor av värdväxten. Larverna lever socialt till övervintringen och tillväxer mycket långsamt. Deras spånader som täcker värdplantan fungerar som växthus där de kan finna rätt temperatur för matsmältningen. Med detta levnadssätt är ärenprisnätfjärilen mycket sårbar för de skador den kringflackande boska-pen åstadkommer på väddplantor och spånader. Fjärilshonan skulle exempelvis aldrig välja ett väddblad med lerstänk för äggläggningen. Runt de djupa trampsåren i kalkleran blir alla plan-tor nedsmetade med våt lera. De absolut viktigaste reproduktionsområdena har på begäran skyddats från boskapens fortsat-ta tramp från cirka juli månad 2002. Det är dock högst osäkert om denna insats är tillräcklig för artens långsiktiga överlevnad på Gotland. Alla förekomstytor är underkastade olika typer av extrema naturkatastrofer av det lilla formatet, och ärenprisnätfjärilen behöver alternativa miljöer vid torka respektive översvämning. Blekvätarna i Hejnum och Bäl har också andra höga naturvärden, bl.a. en mycket rik orkidéflora och sannolikt landets främsta förekomst av växten blodtopp (Sanguisorba officinalis) och den sårbara fjärilen snedstreckad lövmätare (Scopula virgulata). Om ärenprisnätfjärilen fortsätter att minska på Gotland, rekommenderas Länsstyrelsen att pröva om ett markinköp för bildande av naturreservat är genomförbart. Biologiska och ekolo-giska studier har nu visat att den gotländska ärenprisnätfjärilen skiljer sig avsevärt från fast-landsrasen. Utseendemässigt påminner den om en ras som närmast förekommer på centrala Sibiriens stäppområden.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hounkpatinozias_2021,
  title = {Estimating the drainage status of forested peatland in Götaland: Implementing a plot to ditch distance method based on high resolution DEM and GIS procedures},
  author = {Hounkpatin, Ozias},
  year = {2021},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {ditch; manual delineation; impoundment index; dem; drainage status; dike; manuell avgränsning; dämningsindex; dräneringsstatus; luft och klimat; air and climate},
  abstract = {Wetlands are critical natural ecosystems which play a significant role by sustaining biodiversity, filtering water, buffering against flooding and sequestrating large amounts of carbon. However, these functions could be changed with the construction of ditches to lower the water table for agricultural or forestry purposes. In the Swedish greenhouse gas inventory, information from the permanent plots of the National Forest Inventory (NFI) is used to determine the drainage status by identifying a ditch at a distance of no more than 25 meters from the centre of the sample plot. Since greenhouse gas emissions from land with a ditch at a distance of more than 25 meters are probably also affected by the drainage, better tools are needed to estimate the area of ditch-affected land in Sweden, and if possible, differentiate it into different classes for further upscaling to the national level.With the advent of high resolution digital elevation models (DEM), it is now possible to use automatic delineation parameters to identify ditches in wetlands. This study aimed at evaluating the drainage status of forested peatland based on plot-ditch distances using high resolution DEM and GIS procedures as well as analysing their implication for the GHG inventory.The results indicate that none of the parameters derived from the DEM provided an accurate delineation of the ditches but that the impoundment index showed better ditch pattern compared to the remaining indexes. However, automation with the impoundment index method cannot replace the ditch detection in the Swedish Forest Soil Inventory (SFSI) since it only capture 56 % of the plots with a ditch detected within 25 m from the plot centre. The results also showed that most of plots with functional ditches were well captured within the 25 m compared to plots with non-functional ditches. One reason can be that the impoundment index does not capture very shallow ditches recognised in the field survey. Some of the functional ditches were also difficult to detect in the manual analyse. Consequently, within the distance 0 to 25 m from the plot centre, the recording of the inventory is much more accurate than the automation with the impoundment index.Using the automation approach (applied on the Götaland region) would result in (1) ignoring about 68 000 ha for plots with functional ditches present within 25 m, while (2) allocating 87 000 of plots with functional ditches into classes beyond 25 m. This would result in inaccurate GHG estimation using the 25 m limit. Beyond 25 m, the correlation was much more significant between the manual and automated approach from 25 to 100 m (0 – 25 m (0.52***, p < 0.001), 25 – 50 m (0.66***, p < 0.001), 50 – 100 m (0.68***, p < 0.001) classes) considering data with same plot-ditch distance class.In view of all the present results, the implementation of current findings in the GHG-inventory could consider that: (1) sample plots with a ditch detected within 25 m in the SFSI to be well drained regardless of the ditch status (as today). Most of the ditches within 25 m are functional and therefore critical for the GHG emission, (2) for plots without ditch within 25 m according to the SFSI record, the impoundment index could be used to assess the drainage status between 25 – 50 m, 50 - 100 m and > 100 m. }
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_katrantsiotischristos_2019,
  title = {Holocene environmental changes and climate variability in the Eastern Mediterranean: Multiproxy sediment records from the Peloponnese peninsula, SW Greece},
  author = {Katrantsiotis, Christos},
  year = {2019},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University},
  keywords = {mediterranean; greece; peloponnese; holocene; sediments; diatoms; n-alkanes; stable isotopes; tectonics; climate variability; monsoons; nao; ncp},
  abstract = {This thesis presents multiproxy reconstructions of the mid to late Holocene climate and environmental changes in the Peloponnese peninsula, SW Greece. The combined dataset consists of diatom, biomarker and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) elemental data in radiocarbon-dated sediment cores taken from the Agios Floros fen and the Gialova Lagoon in SW Peloponnese and the Ancient Lake Lerna in NE Peloponnese. Overall, the results highlight the complex interaction between climate, tectonics and human activities in the landscape development and further reveal changes in the W-E precipitation/temperature gradient over the peninsula connected to shifts in the large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns.The Agios Floros study provides a 6000-year hydrological record based on diatoms and hydrogen isotopic (δD) analysis of aquatic plant-derived n-C23 alkanes. The records indicate two decadal-long periods of deep water conditions at ca 5700 and 5300 cal BP, largely attributed to local tectonic processes and the hydrological anomalies of the nearby karst springs. A period of intermediate water level at ca 4600 cal BP is dominated by the new fossil species Cyclotella paradistinguenda described in this thesis. The gradual development of a fen at ca 4500 cal BP is attributed to a combination of human activities and drier conditions, the latter culminating in SW Peloponnese mainly after ca 4100 cal BP. From ca 2800 cal BP and onwards, there is evidence for flooding events probably related to marked rainfall seasonality.The n-alkane δD profiles and XRF data analyzed in the Gialova core co-vary with each other indicating a common climate signal during the last 3600 years, which resembles the Agios Floros record. The n-alkane δ13C values show high contribution of aquatic vegetation to sedimentary organic matter during wet/cold periods. The n-alkane δD signals from the Lake Lerna also exhibit a similar pattern to each other providing further evidence for precipitation/temperature changes over the last 5000 years.Comparison of the δD records reveals sometimes similar and sometimes opposing signals between NE and SW Peloponnese, which can be attributed to the relative dominance of high latitude and low latitude atmospheric patterns over the peninsula. The records show wet conditions at ca 5000-4600 cal BP likely associated with the weakening of the Hadley circulation. High humidity is also evident at ca 4500-4100, ca 3000-2600 (more unstable in SW) and after ca 700 cal BP with drier conditions at ca 4100-3900 and ca 1000-700 cal BP. These periods correspond to regional climate changes, when the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) likely exerted the main control with NAO (+) creating conditions of reduced moisture. A NE-SW climate see-saw with drier conditions in NE Peloponnese is evident at ca 4600-4500, ca 3200, ca 2600-1800 and ca 1200-1000 cal BP and a reversal at ca 3900-3300 ca 3200-3000 and ca 1800-1300 cal BP. The dipole pattern is likely driven by shifts in the North Sea–Caspian Atmospheric pattern (NCP), with NCP (+) leading to wetter and colder conditions in NE Peloponnese. The opposing signal can also be explained by changes in summer temperatures driven by the Asian monsoon intensity. Strong monsoonal periods coincide with cool summers in Lerna, due to the northerly winds (Etesians), in contrast to SW Peloponnese, located on the lee side of the mountain and most affected by the large-scale air subsidence.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_magnussonmarielle_2005,
  title = {Strandnära boende i Sävsjö kommun: strändernas skyddsvärden vid Hillen och Vallsjön},
  author = {Magnusson, Marielle},
  year = {2005},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {Länsstyrelsen i Jönköpings län},
  keywords = {jönköping},
  abstract = {I den här rapporten har metodiken som redovisas i ”Strandnära boende - Nyansering av strändernas skyddsvärden” (Länsstyrelsen i Jönköpings län 2005) tillämpats på Hillen och Vallsjön i Sävsjö kommun. Projektet syftar till att undersöka land och vattenområdet inom strandskyddet, det vill säga 100 meter upp på land och 100 meter ut i vattnet.Markanvändningen i Hillens närmiljö domineras av lövskog (62 %) och barrskog (21 %). I omgivningen är andelen åkermark (23 %), lövskog (30 %) och barrskog (21 %). I 300 meters-zonen dominerar åkermark (27 %). Runt många av sjöarna som ingår i projektet är andelen artificiell mark störst närmast sjön och avtar med ökat avstånd. Vid Hillen ökar istället bebyggelsen med avståndet från sjön. Den artificiella marken utgörs av samhället Rörvik, jordbruksfastigheter men även fritidshus. Markanvändningen i Vallsjöns närmiljö domineras av skog (lövskog 16 %, barrskog 34 %) och artificiell mark (24 %). I omgivningen har den artificiella marken ersatts av åkermark (18 %). Förhållandena är likartade för 300 meters-zonen. I Hillen är det dominerande bottensubstratet block och i Vallsjön dominerar block och häll följt av sand och grus.Hillen saknar områden med mycket högt naturvärde och endast 7 % i närmiljön har fått högt naturvärde. Det måttliga naturvärdet dominerar i samtliga tre zoner. Runt Vallsjön finns ett fåtal områden klassade med mycket högt naturvärde, de utgörs av trädbärande våtmarker som uppfyller Natura 2000-kriterier. Dessa finns i närmiljön och omgivningen. I samtliga zoner utgör ett fåtal procent områden med högt naturvärde annars är det liksom runt Hillen måttligt naturvärde som dominerar.Strandskyddets syfte är, förutom att bevara goda livsvillkor för växter och djur, även att trygga förutsättningarna för allmänhetens friluftsliv. Runt Hillen dominerar klass 2 med avseende på tillgänglighet. Det innebär att marken runt Hillen domineras av skog, åkermark och annan öppen mark. Klass 1 dominerar i sjöstrandzonen, vilket innebär att flertalet sträckor domineras av block- eller mjukbotten. Även runt Vallsjön dominerar klass 2 i närmiljön, omgivningen och 300 meters-zonen. I sjöstrandzonen är fördelningen rätt så jämn mellan de fyra klasserna.En enkät som kommunen och naturskyddsföreningen har svarat på visar att det inte finns speciellt många anordningar för friluftslivet runt Hillen. Det finns en allmän promenadväg öster om sjön och en liten badplats i sydöstra delen av sjön. För att höja det allemansrättsliga värdet runt sjön kan lämpliga åtgärder genomföras i södra delen av sjön så stranden blir mer lättillgänglig. Runt Vallsjön finns desto fler anordningar för friluftslivet varav några är badplatser, gångvägar och grillplats. En ökad tillgänglighet kan fås genom att förbättra gångstigarna som går runt sjön.Vallsjön har en stor sjöyta i förhållande till tillrinningsområdet vilket leder till att översvärmningsrisken är liten. Hillen har däremot ett stort tillrinningsområde och liten sjöyta vilket leder till risken för översvämning är större.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_thidevallniklas_2023,
  title = {Climate resilience certificates – a standardised assessment of climate risks in real estate},
  author = {Thidevall, Niklas and Lidén, Peter and Stenvall, Brita},
  year = {2023},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {climate resilience certificate; carbon footprint declaration; climate  resilience declaration; rating system; climate; climate adaptation; risk; risk  classification; real estate},
  abstract = {In 2021, heavy rainfall in the Swedish city of Gävle caused severe flooding, affecting many properties in the area. To date, insurance companies have paid more than one billion Swedish kronor in compensation to affected property owners. The distribution of damage was uneven, making it clear that the individual preconditions of each affected property had a substantial impact on the degree of damage suffered. This sparked a discussion about the risk of natural disasters on mortgages and insurance policies in light of climate change, and whether more consideration should be given to the individual conditions of a property rather than relying on general area-based risk maps where all properties in one area are assessed similarly. In many cases, small measures can have a substantial effect on the degree of climate-related hazards tied to natural disasters. In Sweden, the responsibility to undertake measures to decrease such risk today lies with the property owner. However, many owners lack relevant information on how to assess their property’s risks to natural disasters as well as hands-on recommendations on how to mitigate those risks. At the same time, financial institutions, insurance companies and many other actors face new European and national legislation that requires them to understand, measure, remedy and account for their risks related to this area. In the case of lenders assessing the risks to their collateral at an individual property level, the ability to get an overview is limited. At best, risks can be described on an area level only, meaning that the individual conditions of the property are being not considered. In this report, we have explored whether a standardised classification system, a so-called climate resilience certificate (CRC), that outlines the individual risk exposure of a property could offer a potential solution to this problem – and if it could be both easy to use by private homeowners and meet the needs of industry stakeholders. To test our idea, we conducted a case study by applying the system to the events that took place in Gävle in 2021. We suggest further work on the feasibility of a preferably European-wide, threestep model of a CRC taking into consideration all acute and chronic physical climaterelated hazards described in EU law. The first step of the classification is based on a databased screening tool resulting in a preliminary assessment, ranging from green to yellow to red. The second step is an in-depth assessment conducted by a certified climate expert who collects data through an on-site inspection of the property and/or an examination of documentation, resulting in a classification ranging from A to G, together with suggestions on climate adaptation measures that could be taken to decrease risk. In the third step, the data is made available to the property owner and, to a limited extent, other relevant stakeholders. A CRC could facilitate and improve climate adaptation efforts made by property owners by (i) making it clear, on an individual property level, which owners should take measures (and in certain cases get support) to decrease risk and (ii) creating an incentive to take these measures from lenders, insurance companies and investors.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_2011,
  title = {Åtgärdsprogram för älvängslöpare, 2011–2015: (Platynus longiventris)},
  year = {2011},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {Naturvårdsverket},
  abstract = {Detta åtgärdsprogram gäller den starkt hotade skalbaggen älvängslöpare (Platynus longiventris). Programmet redogör för vad som är känt om artens förekomst och ekologi. Åtgärder föreslås för att bevara arten i Sverige. Genomförandeperioden omfattar åren 2011–2015. Därefter bör programmet omprövas och revideras. Programmet är vägledande men inte legalt bindande.Älvängslöparen (tidigare missvisande kallad ”urskogslöparen”) är en av våra mest sällsynta jordlöpararter. I Norden är arten känd bara från ett litet område på gränsen mellan Svealand och Norrland i östra Sverige. Under de senaste hundra åren har den bara påträffats vid Nedre Dalälven från Hedemora till Älvkarleby och under senare tid endast i den östra delen av detta område. Totalutbredningen sträcker sig från floderna Elbe och Rhen i Mellaneuropa till floden Ob och Sajanska bergen i västra Sibirien. Arten är i hela sitt utbredningsområde knuten till översvämningsområden längs större floder. I Mellaneuropa är den överallt sällsynt och hotad. I den svenska rödlistan (Gärdenfors 2010) är arten placerad i hotkategorin akut hotad (CR).Älvängslöparen är en ekologisk opportunist som utnyttjar det rika utbudet av hoppstjärtar på näringsrik ängsmark som blottas efter översvämning. Arten har utmärkt flygförmåga och så fort vattnet dragit sig tillbaka på sommaren infinner sig skalbaggarna på strandängarna. Där sker också fortplantningen. Larverna utvecklas snabbt till följd av den rika näringstillgången och efter fem veckor finns redan en ny generation skalbaggar på strandängarna. Övervintringen sker i närliggande skogsmark under lös bark på liggande och stående döda trän. Dit söker arten sig även vid högvatten sommartid. Genom sitt levnadssätt är arten starkt beroende av översvämningsförhållandena och storleken av lokalpopulationerna kan därför variera extremt mellan olika år.Vid Dalälven har älvängslöparens utbredningsområde och populationsstorlek minskat i sen tid. Orsaken är framför allt regleringar av älvens vattenföring förorsakade av vattenkraftsutbyggnad. Dessa har medfört att stora arealer ängsmark överdämts och att vattenflödet i älven utjämnats så att vårfloden blivit både mindre och kortvarigare. Korttidsregleringar som gör att älvängarna översvämmas under fortplantningstiden är också negativa. En viktig negativ faktor är att de vidsträckta översvämningsgynnade slåtterängarna som hävdades ännu för 100 år sedan, efter hand övergivits och nu till stor del växt igen med videsnår och högt gräs.De åtgärder som föreslås i programmet är dels en översiktlig inventering av artens förekomst i nedre Dalälvsområdet, Testeboån och Gavleån, dels en översiktlig inventering av välbevarade älvängar i hela området. Bland dessa bör ett antal (ungefär tio) lämpliga restaureringsobjekt väljas ut för att därefter röjas och årligen hävdas genom slåtter för att skapa lämpliga fortplantningslokaler för arten. Man bör också förhandla med kraftbolagen om införandet av en mer naturlig översvämningsregim i Nedre Dalälven. Kraftigare försommaröversvämningar kommer att gynna den ek- och aspdominerade svämskogen kring Nedre Dalälven och därmed en stor mängd hotade och missgynnade arter. Åtgärdsprogrammets mål är att senast 2015 ska älvängslöparens lokalpopulation i östra delen av Nedre Dalälven ha ökat starkt och att det finns etablerade lokalpopulationer på flera lokaler även i västra delen av området. Ett långsiktigt mål är att det ska finnas i minst tio livskraftiga delpopulationer av arten mellan Avesta till Älvkarleby samt att loklalpopulationer även ska finnas högre upp längs Dalälven och vid Testeboån i Gästrikland. Kostnaderna för de föreslagna åtgärderna beräknas till 1 240 000 kr.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_aminhadi_2022,
  title = {Study on the Earth’s Surface Mass Variations using Satellite Gravimetry Observations},
  author = {Amin, Hadi},
  year = {2022},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Gävle University Press},
  keywords = {geodetic reference system; geoid potential; global vertical datum; climate change; global warming; mass change; ice melting; sea-level change; satellite gravimetry; geodetiska referenssystem; geopotential; globala vertikala datum; klimatförändring; global uppvärmning; massförändring; issmältning; havsnivåförändring; satellitgravimetri},
  abstract = {Our complex planet is continuously undergoing temporal and spatial changes. In this context, ongoing processes in the Earth subsystems (geosphere, biosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere) cause changes in the gravity field of the Earth across a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. Accordingly, by both spatially and temporally tracing our planet’s ever-changing gravity field, scientists can better constrain the underlying processes contributing to such dynamic changes of mass distribution within the Earth system. Monitoring the Earth’s gravity field and its temporal variations is essential, among others, for tracking disasters and specifying land areas with a high risk of flooding, earthquakes, and droughts, movements of tectonic plates, and providing accurate positioning through satellite positioning technology. On short-term timescales, temporal variations in the Earth’s gravity field are mainly caused by the movement of water in its various forms. Accordingly, sea-level variations and ice-sheet and glacier changes, which are known as critical indicators of global warming and climate change, can be accurately monitored by tracking the Earth’s gravity field changes. Since there is a close link between water redistribution and the Earth’s energy cycle, climate system, food security, human and ecosystem health, energy generation, economic and societal development, and climate extremes (droughts and floods), it is essential to accurately monitor water mass exchange between the Earth system components. Among all observational techniques, satellite gravimetry has provided an integrated global view of ongoing processes within the Earth system. The current generation of satellite gravimetry missions (the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission and its successor, GRACE Follow-On) has dramatically revolutionized our understanding of dynamic processes in the Earth’s surface and, consequently, has significantly improved our understanding of the Earth’s climate system. By considering different aspects of studying the Earth’s gravity field, this thesis brings new insights to the determination and analysis of the mass change in the Earth system. First, by studying the shortcomings of the common techniques of estimating the geoid potential, a new approach is examined that simultaneously estimates the geoid potential, W0, and the geometrical parameters of the reference Mean Earth Ellipsoid (MEE). In this regard, as the geoid needs to be considered as a static equipotential surface, the sensitivity of the estimations to the time dependent Earth’s gravity field changes is studied. Secondly, relying on the GRACE monthly gravity fields and the complementary observational techniques, and by pushing the limit of GRACE, mass redistribution over land and ocean is investigated. Within the ocean, satellite altimetry and Argo products are utilized along with the GRACE monthly solutions for quantifying the global barystatic sea-level change and assessing the closure of the global mean sea level budget. Over land, a region with relatively high temporal mass change (oil and water extraction) is chosen in which by taking advantage of having in-situ observations and hydrological models, the ability of GRACE products in quantifying the changes in groundwater storage is studied. In this frame, for both the ocean and land studies, different aspects of the processing of GRACE monthly gravity fields are investigated and GRACE inherent errors are addressed appropriately to arrive at reliable and accurate estimates of the Earth’s surface mass change. As the final contribution in this thesis, a rigorous analytical model for detecting surface mass change from the time-variable gravity solutions is proposed and examined in different case studies of surface mass change. Since the launch of the GRACE twin satellites, the GRACE(-FO) time-varying gravity fields are conventionally converted into the surface mass change using a spherical analytical model that approximates the Earth by a sphere. More recently, the analytical mass change detection model has been improved by considering an ellipsoid as the shape of the Earth, which improved the previous estimations of surface mass change, especially over high latitudes with relatively large mass change signals. However, by taking into account the real shape of the Earth and considering more realistic assumptions, a new analytical solution for the problem of surface mass change detection from the time-varying gravity fields is proposed in this thesis. It is shown that the simplistic spherical and ellipsoidal geometries are no longer tenable and the new model surpasses the common spherical approach and its ellipsoidal version.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_nslundingemar_2013,
  title = {Vattenkraftens påverkan på akvatiska ekosystem: en litteratursammanställning},
  author = {Näslund, Ingemar and Kling, Johan and Bergengren, Jakob},
  year = {2013},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {Havs- och vattenmyndigheten},
  keywords = {vattenkraft; akvatisk miljö; dammar; barriäreffekter; hydrologi; flödesmönster; korttidsreglring; nolltappning; national; nationellt finansierad miljöövervakning; investigations; analyses and infrastructure; utredningar; analys och infrastruktur; levande sjöar och vattendrag; flourishing lakes and streams},
  abstract = {Arbetet med EU:s ramdirektiv för vatten har visat att fysisk påverkan är det vanligaste vattenmiljöproblemet (European Environment Agency 2012). Inom detta område är vattenkraften en av de största påverkanskällorna. Mot bakgrund av detta har Vattenmyndigheterna tillsammans med Havs- och vattenmyndigheten genomfört ett gemensamt projekt i syfte att ta fram information och vägledning för hur vattenkraften och dess miljöpåverkan skall hanteras i arbetet med vattenförvaltningen. Inom ramen för detta projekt har föreliggande litteratursammanställning genomförts. Syftet är att utöka kunskapsunderlaget inom området vattenkraftens påverkan på den akvatiska miljön. Detta för att utveckla arbetet med karaktärisering och statusklassning av vattenförekomster samt förbättra bedömningsunderlaget inför de statushöjande åtgärder som skall genomföras.Den viktigaste fysiska förändringen som en följd av vattenkraftutbyggnad är tillkomsten av dammar. De innebär att barriäreffekter uppstår, det vill säga att förutsättningar för uppströms förflyttning samt nedströms transport av sediment och dött och levande organiskt material i systemet, begränsas eller hindras. Även i övrigt förändras den fysiska miljön, bland annat genom de morfologiska förändringar som blir resultatet av rensning, kanalisering och torrläggning. Andra följdverkningar av vattenkraftutbyggnad är förändringar i erosion, vattentemperatur, isförhållanden och vattenkvalitet. Vattenkraft har också en omfattande inverkan på hydrologin i vattensystemet. Regleringen av nivåer och flöden i dammar och kraftverk innebär förändringar i det totala flödesmönstret (säsongsvariationen), men även kortsiktiga fluktuationer i vattenföring samt förändringar när det gäller extremt höga och låga flöden. Energiproduktionens årscykel innebär vanligen omvänd vattenföring i de reglerade älvarna där huvuddelen av årets flöde passerar under vinterhalvåret, medan vårfloden reduceras eller uteblir och flödena under sommar och höst är lägre än under oreglerade förhållanden. Korttidsreglering innebär att flödet kan ändras flera gånger på kort tid, inom dygnet eller till och med inom en timme. Nolltappning innebär att flödet genom och förbi kraftverket helt kan stängas av vilket torrlägger vattendraget eller skapar perioder med sjöliknande förhållanden nedströms. I reglerade sjöar är fluktuationerna större och vattennivåerna, sett över en årscykel, generellt sett väsentligt annorlunda jämfört med under oreglerade förhållanden. De hydrologiska och morfologiska förändringarna omsätts i påverkan på de akvatiska ekosystemen. Förutom de direkta effekterna av dammar (barriärer) omvandlas vattensystemen från att vara mångformiga till mer homogena miljöer. Strömsatta partier med heterogena habitat däms över eller torrläggs vilket gör att strömvattenkrävande arter försvinner eller reduceras i antal. Primär- och sekundärproduktion samt omsättning av organiskt material påverkas negativt vilket innebär att systemets biologiska produktionspotential sänks. Bottenfauna- och fisksamhällen förändras. Riktning och omfattning beror av lokala förhållanden, regleringsintensitet m.m. Över huvud taget är förändringarna av floran och faunan omfattande när det gäller artsammansättning, tätheter av organismer och produktionsförutsättningar. Därmed förändras också den biologiska mångfalden. De slutgiltiga effekterna på ekosystemet varierar stort mellan olika vattenkraftanläggningar. Det beror på skillnader i anläggningarnas tekniska utformning, de geologiska och hydrologiska förutsättningarna i avrinningsområdet, klimat, regleringspåverkan uppströms och nedströms, den akvatiska faunans och florans artsammansättning, effekter av annan mänsklig aktivitet m.m. Vissa effekter uppstår alltid oavsett om det är ett strömkraftverk eller ett reglerkraftverk, medan andra är mer kopplade till regleringen.Även interaktionen mellan vatten- och landmiljön påverkas. Översvämning/störning av landmiljön, deposition av sediment och organiskt material samt utbytet mellan yt- och grundvatten är exempel på processer som har långtgående inverkan på ekosystemens struktur och funktion i strandnära landmiljöer. Dessa processer förändras eller uteblir i samband med reglering/kraftutbyggnad. Förutom de lokala effekterna av vattenkraftanläggningar, uppstår förändringar i vattensystemet som helhet. Dessa förändringar är i många fall kumulativa. Vattenkemin förändras på sätt som gör att effekterna kan spåras ute i Östersjön, bland annat som en följd av minskad uttransport av kisel. Transporten av material reduceras eller förändras i hela systemet, temperaturregimen blir annorlunda som en följd av höga vinterflöden, överdämning ändrar närsaltbalansen nedströms samt ökar emissionen av växthusgaser. }
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_peterssonmonica_2010,
  title = {Water quality in a landscape perspective: a case study of the implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive},
  author = {Petersson, Monica and Hammer, Monica and Mörtberg, Ulla},
  year = {2010},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {river basin; catchment characteristic; ecosystem management; scale; gis},
  abstract = {Introduction/Problem IdentificationThe EU Water Framework Directive was introduced the year 2000 to protect and secure all water resources within the European Union. The directive is designed to have an ecosystem management approach where the water quality and quantity is administrated in relation to the borders of the river basin. During the period from 2000 to 2015 the European countries and their new water authorities are into the implementation process of the directive; classifying the status of their water resources, designing the river basin management plan, as well as the programme of measures. In Sweden five water authorities are responsible for the implementation process, each handling river basins at different scale levels from local to regional size entering the same coastal waters.Analysis/Results and Implications for Policy and/or ResearchIn this case study, focusing on the ongoing implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) in Sweden, we analyze some of the opportunities and challenges for a sustainable governance of water resources applying an ecosystem management approach. The study area is the Lake Mälaren drainage basin within the Northern Baltic Sea River Basin District in Sweden. This district covers the Lake Mälaren drainage basin and Stockholm archipelago region constituting an ecological and geographic gradient from inland to freshwater archipelago and further to the brackish archipelago in the Baltic Sea. The drainage basin represents an area with a long history both in agricultural as well as mining history, which are quite separated in different sub-catchments. Historic mining remnants from at least the 12th century leaking metals and acid water into rivers and creeks in the western upstream parts of the catchment, and intense agriculture in the lowland areas in the vicinity of the lake in the downstream parts is leaking nutrients adding to the eutrophication. Most rivers within the area have been modified during the history; dammed for mills, rivers straightened and wetlands dredged to increase the land matching the increase of inhabitants. Also the present day situation show differences when it comes to land-use within the catchment, where the north western part is rural and low populated, and at the same time one third of the Swedish population is found within lake Mälaren catchment. The densest population is found in cities at the shore of the lake, with a increas-ing density towards Stockholm. At regional level future scenarios due to climate change varies, but in some simulations there is an increased precipitation in the area creating a risk scenario of flooding that may result in a transgression in the lowland areas, degraded water quality and increased nutrient levels. Studying the drainage basin of Lake Mälaren therefore makes it possible to compare different water issues between sub-catchments within the same drainage basin, and also at different geographi-cal scales since water quality priorities can be scale related.The study is based on hydrological data, and data of the physical characteristics of the Lake Mälaren river basin and the different sub-catchments characteristics (area, shape, land use...), and analyzed using GIS techniques. The sub-catchments are compared concerning different scientific aspects as well as issues addressed by the stakeholders. The complexity of large river basins is discussed, and the importance of different solutions in upstream and downstream sub-catchments due to variable Workshop 1: Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control    57landscape character, land use and history. In the light of the new EU Water Framework Directive the study point to the importance of flexible river basin management from regional to local scale, and vice versa, to create an adaptive ecosystem management where problems can be discussed and solved at a proper scale level.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_strandjohna_2024,
  title = {Anlagda våtmarker som flödesbuffrare: Hur skapar vi synergieffekter medbiologisk mångfald och pollinering?},
  author = {Strand, John A. and Schneider, Lea D. and Hedman, Sofia and Töttrup, Kalle and Feuerbach Wengel, Lisa and Hambäck, Peter A. and Åhlén, Imenne and Åhlén, David and Jarsjö, Jerker},
  year = {2024},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {Naturvårdsverket},
  keywords = {våtmark},
  abstract = {Anlagda våtmarker har använts som naturbaserade lösningar på miljöproblem sedan 1990-talet i Sverige, framför allt i jordbrukslandskapet. Inledningsvis var huvudsyftet kostnadseffektiva åtgärder för att minska övergödningseffekter i havet men även våtmarkers positiva effekt på den biologiska mångfalden betonades tidigt. Under det senaste decenniet har anlagda våtmarker också diskuterats som lösning på andra miljönyttor, som flödesbuffring, vattenmagasinering och för att hålla kvar kol i organogena marker. För de senare ekosystemtjänsterna är forskningsläget emellertid osäkert och för vissa, såsom flödesbuffring, har det saknats faktiska mätdata. Denna brist är speciellt tydligt på de större landskapsskalor som behöver studeras för att exempelvis förstå våtmarkers och våtmarkslandskapens förmåga att förhindra översvämning lokalt och av nedströms belägna områden. I frånvaro av mätdata har förväntade positiva effekter i stället modellerats fram genom att utgå från parametrar som nederbörd och avrinningsområdens egenskaper. För att studera betydelsen av anlagda våtmarker i jordbrukslandskapet på flödesbuffring, dvs vattenmagasineringsförmågan, samt hur denna förmåga påverkar biologisk mångfald, har projektet samlat ett konsortium av experter och forskare inom framför allt ekologi och hydrologi. Inom ramen för projektet har en omfattande och strategisk provtagning genomförts under 3 år, av hydrologiska och ekologiska parametrar samt biologisk mångfald. Förutom dessa fältmätningar har även markägarnas åsikter kring värdet av sina anlagda våtmarker undersökts. Resultaten visar att anlagda våtmarker i jordbrukslandskapet har en stor potential att fungera som flödesutjämnare och buffra vatten både i den enskilda våtmarken och på landskapsnivå. Samtidigt gynnas en stor mängd organismgrupper, inklusive specialiserade våtmarksarter på nationella hotlistor. Resultaten visar också att för både flödesbuffring och biologisk mångfald finns flera avgörande parametrar vad gäller placering och design som styr hur väl en våtmark faktiskt levererar dessa ekosystemtjänster. De anlagda våtmarkerna i studien är huvudsakligen grävda dammar optimerade för näringsavskiljning och var därigenom relativt små och tog huvudsakligen emot dräneringsvatten från åkermark. Trots storleken bidrog de undersökta våtmarkerna till att dämpa högflöden med 3–17 %, vilket är i paritet med mätningar från natur­liga våtmarker i tidigare studier (cirka 10 %). Det visade sig också att våtmarkerna bibehöll sina buffrande funktioner både under kortare högflödesperioder samt under ett år med hög årsnederbörd, vilket indikerar att de kan fungera med liknande effektivitet i ett framtida klimat med högre avrinning. Vid extremnederbörd fram­står dock de buffrade volymerna i dessa små våtmarker som otillräckliga för att kunna fungera som (enskild) åtgärd, både idag och i framtiden. Till skillnad från naturliga våtmarker fanns inga starka samband mellan flödesbuffringen i studiens anlagda våtmarker och deras position i avrinningsområdet. Varken våtmarkens höjd över havet eller nerströms/uppströms placering i avrinningsområdet påverkade buffringsförmågan. Det fanns dock andra faktorer som påverkade våtmarkernas buffring, som att buffringen ökade med storleken på våtmarkens tillrinningsområden. Den effekten var delvis oväntad eftersom våt­marker med stora tillrinningsområde borde fyllas snabbare, vara fulla under längre tid och därmed buffra mindre effektivt. Resultaten tyder dock på att den tekniska utformningen på våtmarkerna ger dem god buffringskapacitet trots hög hydrologisk belastning. Resultaten visar också att det finns marginal för att förbättra buffringen genom tekniska anläggningsmekanismer, särskilt i fråga om tömningsmöjligheterna och reglerbarheten i utloppskonstruktionerna. Våra data visar att endast 47 % av den teoretiska volymförändringspotentialen utnyttjades i våtmarkerna, vilket kan medge ökad buffringspotential genom aktiv tömning/sänkning inför stora neder­bördssituationer. De kraftiga vattennivåvariationerna i många av våtmarkerna, i kombination med förekomst av både flacka partier och brantare släntlutning, var positivt för artrikedomen hos flera organismgrupper. Generellt gynnades mångfalden hos flera grupper av större strandvåtmarker och flacka stränder, men det fanns undantag. Till exempel gynnades nätbyggande spindlar av brantare stränder. Ett oväntat resultat var också den begränsade eller till och med negativa effekten av betande djur, vilket går stick i stäv med rekommendationer i manualer för våtmarksanlägg­ning och skötsel. Sannolikt gynnas leddjuren av att vegetationen hålls kort men samtidigt kan de rent fysiska effekterna av trampet missgynna artgrupper som har sin larvutveckling i blöt jord. För att förstå dessa samband behövs mer forskning som går in på mekanismer samt hur effekten påverkas av djurslag, djurtäthet och jordart. För insekter som utvecklas i vatten, som trollsländor, sågs inga samband med hydrologiska parametrar, men det var uppenbart att små, anlagda våtmarker är veritabla artöar för trollsländor. Totalt noterades 68 % av alla Sveriges arter på en yta (800 km2) som motsvarar 0,0015 % av Sveriges yta. Artsammansättning skilde sig mellan våtmarker och för att nå höga artantal på landskapsnivå kan det därför vara en fördel med många olika våtmarker i en region. För pollinatörer, särskilt bin, fanns korrelation mellan förekomst och storleken på våtmarkernas minsta vattenareal (dvs, när de är som mest uttorkade). Markägarenkäten visade att markägarna överlag ser mest nyttor, snarare än problem, med anlagda våtmarker. Mest notabelt var den höga nöjdheten med våtmarker (91 %) samt att en mycket stor andel markägare (83 %) använder sin våtmark för personlig rekreation, där skridskoåkning var populärast. Slutsatsen från studierna är att anlagda våtmarker som konstruerats för närings­avskiljning och i viss mån biologisk mångfald kan fungera bra som flödesbuffrare. Dessutom finns stor potential för ökad buffringskapacitet genom att både utform­ning (inte minst in- och utloppslösningar och aktiv nivåstyrning i våtmarkerna), läge och skötsel har en stor påverkan på den totala effekten. Dessutom verkar det finnas möjliga synergieffekter mellan vattennivåvariationer och artrikedomen av leddjur, men för att nå en hög biologisk mångfald i anlagda våtmarker bör stränderna vara heterogena eller att olika våtmarker har olika struktur.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_davidssontorbjrn_1997,
  title = {Nitrogen transformations in wetlands: Effects of water flow patterns},
  author = {Davidsson, Torbjörn},
  year = {1997},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Limnology, Department of Ecology, Lund University},
  abstract = {Popular Abstract in Swedish Våtmarker är en naturtyp som man finner i övergångszoner mellan land och vatten. Idag talas det mycket om våtmarkers positiva natur- och miljövärden i avrinningsområden i det moderna jordbrukslandskapet. Våtmarker ger omväxling i landskapet och är viktiga biotoper för växter och djur. I våtmarker ansamlas mycket dött växtmaterial och tillsammans med en god tillgång på vatten bildas betingelser för en hög mikrobiologisk aktivitet. Mikroorganismerna är viktiga komponenter i näringsväven i ett ekosystem och de är bl a inblandade i nedbrytning av organiskt material. I en bakteriell process som kallas denitrifikation övergår nitrat (NO3-) till kvävgas (N2) som är den största beståndsdelen i vanlig luft, och denna process kan vara omfattande i just våtmarker (se Fig. 2, sid. 7). Nitrat är ett växtnäringsämne innehållande kväve som skapat problem med övergödning i vattnet i havsområden runt Sverige. Problemet är att kväve, som man tillför för att öka tillväxten på jordbruksmark, läckerut i vattendrag och transporteras till havet. Genom att anlägga våtmarker i vattendragets avrinningsområde, tror man sig kunna minska kvävetransporten till havet. I en våtmark blir det ofta syrebrist i botten (som kan bestå av jord eller sediment). När det inträffar börjar bakterierna att respirera med hjälp av nitrat istället för med syre, d.v.s. denitrifiera, och detta är den viktigaste kväveborttagande processen i våtmarker. Man kan säga att våtmarken tack vare denitrifikation fungerar som ett kvävereningsverk. Det finns dock flera viktiga kväveomvandlingsprocesser som sker samtidigt. Vid nitrifikation, som är en process som sker i syrerika miljöer, övergår ammonium (NH4+) till nitrat (Fig. 2). Vid mineralizering bryts det organiska materialet i marken ned, varvid löst organiskt kväve och ammonium bildas. Då jonformiga kväveföreningar både kan produceras och konsumeras i en våtmark, är balansen mellan dessa båda processer av stor vikt för nettoreningsresultatet. I min doktorsavhandling har jag studerat våtmarker där vatten rör sig genom ytliga jordlager, och då främst en speciell typ kallad översilningsmarker. Jag har antagit att vattenrörelser genom jord gynnar hög mikrobiell aktivitet jämfört med om vattnet står stilla eller rör sig ovanför jord- eller sedimentytan. Orsaken är att kontaktytan mellan vatten, jord, näringsämnen och bakterier blir större. Det finns våtmarker där infiltration dominerar, t.ex. översilningsmarker, och våtmarker där ytflöde dominerar, t. ex. dammar, men ofta finns i en våtmark båda typer av flöden. Under tre års tid har jag har med en speciell metod (acetyleninhiberingsmetoden) mätt denitrifikationsaktiviteten i två översilningsmarker - Vombs Ängar, i Lunds Kommun och Isgrannatorp, i Kristianstad kommun. De uppmätta värdena har jag sedan jämfört med massbalanssiffror. Vid massbalansmätningar uppskattar man processerna i marken genom att analysera kväveföreningarna i in- och utgånde vatten. Det har visat sig att trots att denitrifikationshastigheten har varit hög har våtmarkerna fungerat dåligt som kvävereningsverk. Detta har berott på att det har frigjorts andra kväveföreningar i marken, nämligen löst organiskt kväve och ammonium. Dessa ämnen har transporterats till grundvattnet och nått vattendraget som ligger i anslutning till våtmarken. I båda översilningsmarkerna har ungefär lika mycket kväve bildats och tagits bort. I tre lab-experiment har jag undersökt vad som styr balansen mellan dessa processer. Jag har funnit att vattenrörelser genom den aktiva ytjorden ökar såväl denitrifikationshastighet som kvävemineralisering (produktion av ammonium och löst organiskt kväve) jämfört med om vatten rör sig ovanför jord/sedimentytan. Även infiltrationshastigheten påverkar vilka kväveprocesser som sker, men vad som är bra ur kvävereningssynpunkt är inte uppenbart. Ett försök visade att vid låga infiltrationshastigheter denitrifierades en större andel av nitratet men mycket ammonium läckte ut. Vid höga infiltrationshastigheter var skillnaden mellan ut och ingående vatten väldigt liten. Det ärockså troligt att vattenregimen som tillämpades på översilningsmarkerna med alternerande översvämning och upptorkning leder till ökad mineralisering och frisläppande av jordens kväve. Det är tydligt att flera av de hydrologiska parametrarna (vattenrörelser, infiltrationshastighet, vattenregimer) samtidigt påverkar både denitrifikation och produktion av kväve, och det är med dessa resultat svårt att ge några råd om anläggning av översilningsmarker eller andra typer av infiltrationsvåtmarker. Det står dock klart att en högre koncentration av nitrat i vattnet medför högre dentrifikationsaktivitet och högre reningseffektivitet för våtmarken. En hög nitratkoncentration möjliggör en hög nitratbelastning och samtidigt en låg vattenbelastning och därmed en längre uppehållstid för nitratjonerna i våtmarken. Om man räknar på kvävebalansen, dvs jämför hur mycket kväve som finns lagrat i marken med vad som frisläpps och tillförs, kommer man fram till att en nyanlagd våtmark inte kan läcka kväve i det långa loppet. Förmodligen är det läckage av ammonium och löst organiskt kväve vi har observerat i Vombs Ängar och Isgrannatorp ett initialt fenomen som uppstår när man omställer jordbruksmark som har varit ett terrestert system i många år, till en våtmark som belastas av stora mängder vatten. Stora förändringar i miljöbetingelser brukar generellt leda till störd näringsbalans i ett ekosystem. I detta perspektiv kan fastslås att det är viktigt att bevara de våtmarker som existerar idag och som är i balans med avseende på kväve. Föreslagna orsaker till det dåliga kvävereningsresultat i översilningsmarkerna Vombs Ängar - För hög hydraulisk belastning vilket orsakade en för kort uppehållstid för vattnet och nitratjonerna i vattnet (här denitrifierades inte allt nitrat och vattentillförseln var hög). - För hög hydraulisk belastning vilket medförde en utspolning av kväve från markens porvatten. - Ökad nedbrytning av organiskt material p.g.a. alternerande översilning och upptorkning. - Initial störningseffekt p.g.a. att man omförterrester mark med stort näringsförråd till en våtmark. - För låg nitrathalt i vattnet. Isgrannatorp - För låg hydraulisk belastning medförde att för lite nitrat tillförs våtmarken (här försvann allt nitrat och vattentillförseln var låg). - Ökad nedbrytning av organiskt material p.g.a. alternerande översilning och upptorkning. - Initial störningseffekt p.g.a. att man omför terrester mark med stort näringsförråd till en våtmark. - För stor och för näringsrik pool av organiskt material i jorden. Vad man bör tänka på vid anläggande av våtmark - Anläggning en våtmarker där nitratkoncentrationen är hög rekommenderas - Vatten som infiltrerar eller rör sig som genom biologiskt aktivt jord gynnar hög mikrobiell aktivitet, vilket kan innebära både för och nackdelar ur ett kväveperspektiv - Att omställa jordbruksmark till våtmarker kan initialt medföra en utlakning av kväveföreningar, därför att man inför en störning av ett system som under lång tid tillförts näringsämnen. - Att anlägga våtmarker på jord som innehåller mycket torv kan medföra utlakning av kväve men också hög denitrifikationsaktivitet - När den initiala urlakningseffekten avtagit torde infiltrationsvåtmarker vara effektiva ur kvävereningssynpunkt}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_waageskjeflosofie_2024,
  title = {Adapting homes to a changing climate - Assessing the sustainability of measures to prevent damage from extreme precipitation},
  author = {Waage Skjeflo, Sofie and Dæhlin, Emil and Bruvik Westberg, Nina and Andersson, Rasmus and Gustafsson, Greta and Jusufovska, Sevda and Melolinna, Nelli and Holmqvist, Johan and Settergren, Hugo},
  year = {2024},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet},
  keywords = {insurance; climate adaptation; damages; prevention; measures; buildings; houses; climate impact; cost; life-cycle assessment; lca; cost-benefit analysis; cba},
  abstract = {In this report, CICERO and IVL assess the sustainability of measures for protecting homes in Nordic urban areas from extreme precipitation. Extreme rain and flooding drive a growing share of insurance payouts, making these measures increasingly relevant. Sustainable measures are defined here as those that, over their lifetime, do not increase greenhouse gas emissions relative to unmitigated damage and are proven economically beneficial based on cost-benefit analysis (CBA).Sustainability assessments of four preventive measures against backflow and water intrusionFour preventive measures were selected through expert workshops and interviews: (1) installing a backflow valve to prevent sewage backflow, (2) early replacement of the drainage system, (3) redirecting downspouts to a rain garden via a swale, and (4) redirecting downspouts to underground stormwater cassettes via underground pipes. To assess environmental and economic sustainability, we conducted life cycle assessments (LCA) and CBAs for each measure, comparing their emissions and costs with those avoided by preventing extreme precipitation damage. We evaluated each measure’s sustainability using a break-even analysis to determine the frequency of damage prevention needed for each measure to remain sustainable. Scenarios for avoided emissions and costs are based on claims data from the insurance company If, reflecting extreme precipitation events in Norway. We identified four cases of high- and low-cost backflow and water intrusion damage to calculate restoration emissions and costs.Results from life-cycle assessments and cost-benefit analyses sensitive to damage frequencyTable S1 of the report summarizes the results. The top panel summarizes the results from the LCA analyses of each preventive measure under different assumptions about damage frequency. Dark green cells indicate that the measure achieves at least 30 percent lower emissions compared to a scenario with unmitigated damage. Orange cells indicate that impact on emissions is uncertain, with emissions close to those of prevented damage (+/- 30 percent). Gray cells show that the preventive measure results in emissions that are more than 30 percent higher than the avoided damage emissions. The lower panel of the table summarizes the results from the CBA. The dark green cells indicate a net present value (NPV) of investing in the preventive measure that exceeds 10 000 2023-NOK , the orange cells indicate uncertain profitability (a NPV of +/- 10 000 NOK), and the gray cells indicate that the measure is unlikely to be profitable, with a NPV lower than -10 000 NOK. The LCA-results (upper panel) show that the backflow valve does not lead to increased emissions under any assumed damage frequency shown. For instance, even with only one low-cost backflow damage occurring after 40 years, installing a backflow valve results in less emissions than the emissions from repairing the damage. The CBA results (lower panel) show that the backflow valve must prevent at least one high-cost backflow damage every 30 years, or at least one low-cost backflow damage every 20 years to be profitable. A nature-based solution using a swale and rain garden to manage stormwater on-site is also sustainable under moderate assumptions about damage frequency for high-cost water intrusion. Emissions from this investment are lower than those from unmitigated damage, provided it prevents at least one high-cost water intrusion every 30 years. With conservative estimates on carbon sequestration, the necessary damage prevention frequency drops to less than one event over the 60-year analysis period. For low-cost water intrusion, however, emissions from damage are minimal, and constructing the rain garden would likely produce higher emissions than the avoided emissions from low-cost damage. Economically, the swale and rain garden measure is profitable if it prevents a high-cost intrusion damage at least once every 20 years and marginally profitable if it prevents low-cost damage every 10 years.Due to the significant material investments required for a new drainage system, early re-investment is likely to result in higher emissions than those avoided, and investment costs are high compared to avoided damage costs. Replacing the drainage system of the house to prevent water intrusion damage is thus only likely to be sustainable if it prevents very frequent and/or severe water intrusion damage. The same holds for investing in stormwater cassettes, which is a more expensive and emission-intensive solution for handling stormwater than the nature-based solution. The stormwater cassette solution is sustainable if it prevents at least one high-cost damage every 10 years.Backflow valve and swale & rain garden are most likely to be sustainable measuresBased on the assumptions underlying the analyses, we find that the backflow valve is the measure that is most likely to both reduce emissions and be cost-effective – though only at certain damage frequencies. The swale and rain garden emerges as the most relevant solution for avoiding high-cost damage from water intrusion through the ground. It reduces emissions and is profitable if such events occur at least once every 20 years. What an avoided low-cost and high-cost damage event might meanDue to the limited scope of this project, we have taken a simplified approach to accounting for the probability of a measure preventing or reducing damage from a given extreme precipitation event, and rather attempted to show under what assumptions each measure can be considered sustainable (a break-even approach). The variation in costs and emissions for our damage cases may also be interpreted as examples of damages that are only partially prevented (low-cost cases) and damage that is fully prevented (high-cost cases), or as higher (lower) frequency, lower (higher) severity events. The low-cost case of water intrusion damage can also be interpreted as a case where measures to reduce the impact of water intrusion have already been undertaken (steel legs for furniture, tile floors), and shows that this is likely to significantly reduce emissions from repairs. There is little existing empirical evidence on the effectiveness of these measures in preventing damage, and this is an important topic for further research. The sensitivity of our results to emissions and costs from damage emphasize that the choice of making preventing measures or not should be carefully based on the risks each property or homeowner faces.Differences between households and society’s perspective on costs and benefitsMost of the measures we consider can potentially impact neighboring properties, or the wider neighborhood in some way. These impacts are not included in our analyses, since our focus is on the household level. Both local stormwater management measures may potentially reduce problems from surface water runoff to neighboring properties and reduce pressure on combined stormwater and sewage systems. In addition, the swale and rain garden may contribute to environmental benefits such as reduced water pollution and improved biodiversity, in addition to esthetic values. We therefore consider the assessed benefits of the swale and rain garden in particular, to be a conservative estimate. In contrast, the analyses of the backflow valve do not take into account that this measure could inadvertently increase backflow risks for neighboring properties unless other measures are in place to reduce the pressure on combined stormwater and sewage systems during extreme precipitation.This illustrates that the efforts to prevent damage from extreme precipitation and managing stormwater must consider impacts beyond the individual property. The misalignments between individual benefits and societal benefits from for instance nature-based stormwater management means that there will be too little investment in these measures without additional incentives. None of the measures are profitable for the household when we take into account that households normally only cover a share of the damage cost, that may be independent of the size of the damage, or unrelated to risk of damage. However, our results hopefully provide useful information to both households and to insurance companies that are considering how to incentivize investment in preventive measures for households. Our study highlights the critical role of  frequency and severity of damages needed for each measure to be sustainable. This provides new knowledge in sustainable property management, guiding homeowners and insurance companies in assessing whether preventive investments are justified for their particular circumstances. To our knowledge, there are no existing studies that combine cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and LCA analysis of building-level adaptation measures. Further research is though warranted to explore effective ways to encourage investments in sustainable preventive measures, and to ensure that municipal and household measures to handle backflow and stormwater are effective and compatible.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_khadkajeevika_2018,
  title = {Using HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS Models for Rainfall-Runoff Simulation and Flood Inundation Mapping: Case Studies from Nepal and Sweden},
  author = {Khadka, Jeevika and Bhaukajee, Jagritee and Zhang, Linus Tielin and Frisk, M},
  year = {2018},
  language = {eng},
  abstract = {Understanding catchment behaviour through rainfall-runoff models allows decision makers for proper planning and operation in context of flood risk management. However accurate rainfall-runoff and flood modelling at high spatio-temporal resolutions still remains a significant challenge in any hydrologic and hydraulic studies. This study seeks to develop Hydrologic Engineering Centre’s Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS) and Hydrologic Engineering Centre’s River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) models to simulate the effects of rainfall on surface runoff and generate flood inundation maps for Kankai and Kävlinge river. The Kankai River is rainfed perennial river of eastern Nepal which recieves concentrated precipitation mostly during summer months. Whereas Kävlinge river is situated in the southern part of Sweden in Skåne county and has temperate climate with precipitation, mostly in the form of snow occurring throughout the year. Being in a complete different hydrological and geographical setting, model parameters of these catchment models have varied significance level to modelling methods, which have been critically analyzed here through sensitivity analysis. Using HEC-RAS 1D model, flood inundation maps for 100-year flood are also generated and their potential impacts across the adjoing area have been discussed with possible recommendation on flood management strategies for each region.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_sannejohan_2021,
  title = {Resilience Joint Evaluation onand TestReport (JETreport)forthecasestudy"SmartResilienceProject:FOXTROT:Drinkingwatersupplysystem"},
  author = {Sanne, Johan and Rahmberg, Magnus and Matschke Ekholm, Hanna},
  year = {2021},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet},
  abstract = {IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute conducted three consecutive workshops with relevant stakeholders from the drinking water sector in Sweden. Researchers from IVL, led by Johan M. Sanne assessed the workshops. The workshops included a stress-test, based upon a scenario of microbial contamination of water, either raw water or distributed water, due to flooding as a consequence of heavy rain. The stress-test was considered a good tool for self-assessment, as an input to crisis preparation. The stress-test was considered useful as a complement to current reporting formats to politicians, not at least because it visualizes resilience in different phases of the cycle. Important outcomes include the learning process as well as a list of improvement measures, including an evaluation or priority ordering.}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bomfleurbenjamin_2014,
  title = {Diverse bryophyte mesofossils from the Triassic of Antarctica},
  author = {Bomfleur, Benjamin and Klymiuk, Ashley and Taylor, Edith and Taylor, Thomas and Gulbranson, Erik and Isbell, John},
  year = {2014},
  journal = {Lethaia},
  volume = {1},
  number = {47},
  pages = {120--132},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {livets mångfald; diversity of life},
  abstract = {Compared with the fossil record of vascular plants, bryophyte fossils are rare; this circumstance is probably related to a lower preservation potential compared with that of vascular plants. We searched for bryophyte remains in extensive collections of plant-fossil assemblages from the Triassic of Antarctica and identified three assemblages with surprisingly well-preserved bryophyte fossils. Although most bryophyte remains are too fragmented to conclusively place them in a detailed systematic context, they exhibit features sufficient to suggest the presence of at least four types of leafy bryophytes and two orders of thallose liverworts (Pallaviciniales and Metzgeriales) in the high-latitude Triassic ecosystems of Antarctica. The leafy bryophytes exhibit combinations of morphological features (e.g. keeled and entire-margined, ecostate leaves with elongated cells) that today occur in only a few small, systematically isolated groups, but were common among Palaeozoic and especially Mesozoic bryophytes. The diverse morphologies of the bryophyte fossils add further support to previous hypotheses that during warmer periods in the Earth’s history, bryophyte vegetation may have been particularly rich and diverse in high-latitude regions. Through analysis of the sedimentology and taphonomy of these assemblages, we identify a combination of key factors that may explain the preservation of bryophyte fossils in these deposits: (1) punctuated, high-energetic sedimentary events causing traumatic removal and incorporation of bryophytes into sediment-laden flood waters; (2) limited transport distance, and short period of suspension, followed by rapid settling and burial as a result of a rapidly decelerating flow discharging into a floodplain environment; and (3) early-diagenetic cementation with iron hydroxides in locally anoxic zones of the organic-rich, muddy substrate.},
  issn = {0024-1164}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_knightian_2017,
  title = {The Lower Cambrian Forteau Formation, southern Labrador and Great Northern Peninsula, western Newfoundland: Lithostratigraphy, trilobites, and depositional setting.},
  author = {Knight, Ian},
  year = {2017},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {stratigraphy; cambrian; labrador; invertebrate fossils; the changing earth; den föränderliga jorden},
  abstract = {The upper Lower Cambrian Forteau Formation in southern Labrador and the Great Northern Peninsula (GNP) is a successionof shale, limestone, siltstone and sandstone accommodated by rising sea levels during the early drift stages ofNewfoundland’s Laurentian passive margin. Its Dyeran trilobite fauna, characterized by Elliptocephala logani (Walcott, 1910)that ranges throughout the formation, indicates it was mostly deposited in the middle Bonnia‒Olenellus Zone. Its three lithostratigraphicdivisions, the Devils Cove member, Middle shale and Upper limestone, preserve a transgressive system tract(TST; Devils Cove and lower part of the Middle shale) and the early stages of a regressive high-stand system tract (HST; upper Middle shale and Upper limestone) that hosts a carbonate ramp shelf.A mudstone-dominated succession characterizes the TST, comprised of an inner belt of archeocyathid patch reef andcyclic, well-stratified, fine-grained mixed clastic and carbonate shelf rocks in southern Labrador. To the southeast on the GNP,the shale succession along with minor limestone and no reefs suggests a deeper water shelf basin in which shale accumulated across the GNP. Maximum flooding on the GNP is linked to dark shale midway through the basinal succession, and to athick shale bed that overlies the reefal strata in Labrador.Thin-bedded siltstone, sandstone and limestone in Labrador, and extensively bioturbated siltstone, sandstone and rare limestone on the GNP, support a shelf shallowing above storm-wave base as it prograded during the early stages of regression. Shallow-water carbonate of the Upper limestone supports a prograding shelf, at first dominated by an archeocyathid reefal tract and oolitic shoal complex. The reef tract and carbonate sand shoal complex prograded southeastward to justbeyond the northeast-trending Ten Mile Lake–Long Range fault system. Evidence of slumping in the underlying fine clastic sediment in the same area suggest that this fault zone may coincide with a hinge zone, beyond which the shelf steepened intomostly deep-water clastic sedimentation. The archeocyathid tract in southern Labrador is a broad biostromal complex confined within an erosional recess in the shelf. On the GNP, however, the tract is characterized by high-energy bioherms associated with crossbedded grainstone channels that can be traced for over 60 km along a northeast strike length. East of the reef tract‒shoal complex, the succession appears to be dominated by deeper water shelf mudrock, nodular carbonate and little evidence of shallow-water carbonate facies. The facies transition suggests the Forteau Formation insouthern Labrador and the GNP was laid down in a high-energy shallow-water, inner ramp setting that was up to 75 km wide. Above the carbonate sand shoal complex, the succession is marked by decametre-thick parasequences of intercalated carbonateand clastic intervals. The sequences support a shelf of fine grained to grainy carbonate deposited on an open shelframp overlain by intervals dominated by coarsening upward high-energy siliciclastics that suggest barrier complexes alongthe landward margin of the ramp. Thick units of crossbedded quartz arenite, in the upper half of the Upper limestone, suggest terrigenous sediments initially encroached along the inner part of the shelf, and eventually smothered the Forteau shelf leading to the low-stand deposits of the overlying Hawke Bay Formation. Trilobites recovered from this transition throughout the GNP, indicate that it occurred very late in the upper part of the Bonnia‒Olenellus Zone, likely between the Bristolia mohavensis Biozone and the top of the zone.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_lopezmartiferran_2025,
  title = {Physical Drivers and Predictability of Atmospheric Rivers in the North Atlantic},
  author = {Lopez Marti, Ferran},
  year = {2025},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis},
  keywords = {atmospheric rivers; moisture sources; explosive cyclones; gulf stream; air–sea interactions; climate change; weather forecasting; extreme weather events; europe.; meteorology; meteorologi},
  abstract = {Atmospheric Rivers (ARs) are narrow, transient corridors of intense water vapour transport that play a central role in the global hydrological cycle. In the North Atlantic, ARs are frequently associated with extratropical cyclones and both are recognised as key drivers of extreme weather and climate-related hazards, such as heavy precipitation, strong winds, and flooding. This thesis presents a comprehensive investigation of the physical processes underlying the development of ARs and their predictability, with a particular focus on their role in shaping extreme weather under both current and future climate conditions.To advance the physical understanding of ARs, a novel water vapour budget framework is introduced to trace moisture sources throughout the lifecycle of an AR associated with Storm Dennis. The results reveal a dynamic interplay between tropical moisture inflow and oceanic evaporation, both of which modulate the intensity of the AR, the associated cyclone, and precipitation at different stages of the event. Further analysis reveals that oceanic variability in the Gulf Stream region, associated with mesoscale eddies, surface fluxes, and ocean heat transport, has a significant influence on AR activity during winter and spring, resulting in a latitudinal shift in AR occurrence downstream.The thesis also examines the role of ARs in driving high-impact weather events. Compound AR and explosive extratropical cyclone occurrences are shown to be common in the present climate and are projected to intensify under future warming scenarios, particularly under the highest emission scenario. These events pose increasing risks for Western Europe, with future ARs potentially exhibiting exceptional integrated vapour transport.Finally, forecasting capabilities for ARs on meteorological timescales are evaluated by comparing emerging data-driven models with traditional physics-based weather prediction models. While data-driven approaches show promise in forecasting standard AR metrics, they struggle to capture extreme integrated vapour transport values or forecast ARs under geometrically restrictive detection methods, highlighting the need for targeted frameworks when assessing model skill for ARs.Together, these findings underscore the importance of moisture sources, ocean-atmosphere interactions, and compound extremes in shaping AR behaviour, and provide actionable insights for improving forecasting and climate resilience in a warming world.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_almstrmbjrn_2025,
  title = {Naturanpassade skyddsvallar mot stormfloder: Planering, anläggning, och förvaltning},
  author = {Almström, Björn and Andersson, Erik and Olsson, Pål Axel and Nik, Leyla and Svahn, Kaj and Sundgren, Elisabeth and Pettersson, Ida and Åkesson, Maria},
  year = {2025},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {Lund University},
  abstract = {Denna rapport är framtagen genom det Vinnova-finansierade projektet ”Naturbaserade skyddsvallar mot översvämning – planering, anläggning och förvaltning”. Projektet har varit ett samarbete mellan Vellinge kommun, Lunds universitet, Ecogain AB och Statens geotekniska institut (SGI). Föreliggande rapport är en sammanställning av de kunskaper och erfarenheter som har erhållits under detta projekt.}
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bevenkeithj_2007,
  title = {Uncertainty in Predictions of Floods and Hydraulic Transport},
  author = {Beven, Keith J.},
  year = {2007},
  journal = {Transport phenomena in hydraulics},
  pages = {5--20},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Warszawa : Institute of Geophysics},
  keywords = {hydrology; hydrologi},
  abstract = {This paper provides a review of work within the Generalised Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) methodology on estimating uncertainties in predicting flood frequency, flood inundation, and hydraulic transport of solutes in rivers and soils. The issue of prediction uncertainty as an input decision making is also discussed. It is concluded that in real applications it is unlikely that a fully objective approach to uncertainty estimation is possible. It is therefore important that the assumptions made are stated explicitly so that they can be agreed or disputed with the users of the resulting predictions. It is also important that the modelling process be considered as a learning process of constraining uncertainty by adding new information.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_todoroviandrijana_2010,
  title = {Non-stationary statistical model for assessment of climate change effect upon river flows in Serbia},
  author = {Todorović, Andrijana and Rosić, Nikola and Plavšić, Jasna},
  year = {2010},
  journal = {Balkans Regional Young Water Professionals Conference, Belgrade (Serbia): Proceedings},
  pages = {120--126},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Belgrade, Serbia : IWA Publishing},
  keywords = {generalized extreme value distribution; non - stationary gev model; maximum likelihood method; climate change},
  abstract = {Proper estimation of flood flows is crucial for design of structures, optimal water resources’ management or for proper flood management. Standard application of theory of probability and statistics require for the data set whose members are independent, implying that the conditions (i.e. climate) remain the same in the future. This assumption is highly unlikely to be met in the future. To include time dependency in the model non - stationary generalized extreme value (GEV) model is chosen. GEV distribution represents a combination of three extreme value distributions: Gumbel, Fréchet and Weibull, and has three parameters: of location, scale and shape. Parameters are functions of time, wherewith time dependency inclusion in model have been obtained. These parameters are estimated via maximum likelihood (ML) method.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dudacostadenis_2020,
  title = {Impacts of climate oscillation on precipitation and river flows of small scale river basins in Eastern Northeast Brazil},
  author = {Duda Costa, Denis},
  year = {2020},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Water Resources Engineering, Lund University},
  abstract = {The Northeast region of Brazil is one of the most susceptible parts of the country to the effects of climate variability leading to severe droughts or extreme floods. Indeed, drought is a major issue due to a large semiarid area that covers 53% of the region, which determines the main climate characteristics of this region. On the other hand, extreme floods have caused widespread damage in river basins in the eastern part of Northeast. The Eastern Northeast is the most humid area of the Northeast region. It comprises the Atlantic rain forest and may receive up to 2000 mm precipitation a year, but 70% of total falls are concentrated from April to August, the period defined as its rainy season. The remaining of the year, when 30% of the yearly precipitation falls, is considered as the dry season of the region. This study focuses on investigating the spatial and temporal variability of the seasonal precipitation at river basin scales in Eastern Northeast Brazil, and how climate oscillation factors are connectedto the inter-annual variability of the precipitation over the region. This study has shown that the local rainfall variability is dominated by a multi-annual variation related to the tropical Atlantic Ocean conditions and intensified by the tropical Pacific. Furthermore, flood events were analysed in one of the most affected river basins in the Eastern Northeast region, the Mundaú river basin. The extreme flood event of June 2010 was reproduced by combining hydrological and hydraulic modelling and probabilistic flow estimations. Due to the lack of recorded flows during the event, secondary data sources were used such as water-level to estimate flows from the stage-discharge relationship, and post-event flood marks to calibrate a hydraulic model. Thus, it was possible to simulate the flooded areas of the June 2010 floods, and mapping areas susceptible to flooding for different return periods. The hydrological model was also used to explore flood risk monitoring by using high-resolution data from automatic rain/discharge gauge stations and weather radar, which has recently been installed to monitor river basins of Eastern Northeast Brazil. The radar capability on estimating rainfall was qualitative and quantitative evaluated, and combined with observed rainfall to be applied as input on the hydrological model as a basis for the development of a tool for flooding warning system.}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_fredrikssoncaroline_2016,
  title = {STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF EXTREME SEA WATER LEVELS AT THE FALSTERBO PENINSULA, SOUTH SWEDEN},
  author = {Fredriksson, Caroline and Tajvidi, Nader and Hanson, Hans and Larson, Magnus},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Vatten: tidskrift för vattenvård /Journal of Water Management and research},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2016},
  pages = {129--144},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Föreningen Vatten},
  abstract = {Falsterbo Peninsula on the south coast of Sweden is low-lying and exposed to flooding. In 1872 the extreme storm surge Backafloden caused large devastation on the Swedish, Danish, and German coasts in the South Baltic Sea. For the Falsterbo Peninsula, the peak storm surge level is estimated to have been 240 cm above normal. If a similar event happened today, the consequences would be far worse, as extensive flood prone areas have been developed since 1872. Due to climate change, the mean sea level is expected to rise and increase the flood risk unless preventive measures are taken. This paper discusses the occurrence of extreme sea levels at the Falsterbo Peninsula and design levels for coastal protection. Sea level observations from Skanör, Klagshamn, and Ystad are analysed with General Extreme Value and General Pareto Distribution models to estimate sea levels with return periods of 100–500 years. The estimated return period of the 1872 event, based on these models, resulted in an unrealistically low probability. To better understand the statistical behaviour of extreme storm surges of this magnitude on the Swedish south coast, development of more advanced statistical models will be required.},
  issn = {0042-2886}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_johannessense_2019,
  title = {Tiden har runnit ikapp Sverige: Sju principer för god vattenstyrning och hantering},
  author = {Johannessen, Åse and Larsson, Rolf and Blom, Lena and Karlsson, Dick and Aspegren, Henrik},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Vatten: tidskrift för vattenvård /Journal of Water Management and research},
  volume = {4},
  number = {75},
  pages = {371--381},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {: Föreningen Vatten},
  abstract = {Vi vill med den här artikeln peka på att Sveriges städer har flera utmaningar kring styrning och hantering av vatten, samt föreslår sju principer för lösningar. Klimatförändringarna och den urbana tillväxten gör att åtgärder behövs nu för att hantera både vattenbrist och översvämning på ett integrerat sätt. Här fokuserar vi på kommunnivå och urbana områden, där vi argumenterar för att det behövs en mer systematisk styrning och hantering. De sju principerna för vattenstyrning och hantering anser vi kräver en engagerad och kunnig politisk kraft på nationell, regional och kommunal nivå. Vi efterfrågar styrning på avrinningsområdesnivå, riskförebyggande planering, att det ska vara lönsamt att investera i s.k. blågröna lösningar, anpassad lagstiftning, anpassad organisation och strategisk samverkan, mer insyn och inflytande för medborgarna, samt kunskapsstöd från forskning. Vi tar även upp några av de fungerande och lovande krafter som vi ser gör en skillnad redan idag.},
  issn = {0042-2886}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_todoroviandrijana_2017,
  title = {Climate Change Impact on Extreme Hydrologic Events in Serbia},
  author = {Todorović, Andrijana and Plavšić, Jasna},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {9th Eastern European Young Water Professionals Conference "EAST Meets WEST" Conference Proceedings},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: International Water Association},
  keywords = {climate change; draughts; floods; hbv-light; hydrological signatures; the kolubara river},
  abstract = {A method for assessment of climate change impact on extreme hydrologic events, i.e. floods and droughts, is presented. The analysis is performed to estimate changes in extreme hydrologic events in the Kolubara catchment in Serbia, which is particularly interesting since it was hit by a devastating flood in 2014. The hydrologic extremes in this paper are represented by several indices that reflect their magnitude and frequency, and that can be easily obtained from daily flow projections. The flow projections are made with the HBV-light hydrologic model forced with the bias-corrected outputs of the ECHAM5-EBU-POM climate model. The climate model was run under A1B and A2 emission scenarios, which in combination with 10 optimised parameter sets of the hydrological model, resulted in 20-member ensemble. The projections are made for three future periods: 2015-2040, 2040-2070 and 2070-2100. Climate change impact is estimated by comparing the indices calculated over a future period to the corresponding values in the baseline period. The results suggest no significant increase in neither flood magnitude nor frequency in 2015-2040, and increase in the other two periods, particularly in 2040-2070. An upward tendency in many high-flow indices can be noticed, indicating increase in flood magnitude and frequency. As for droughts, the results reveal decrease in flows and increase in duration and frequency of droughts. The low-flow indices display clear tendencies that show worsening of droughts in the future. Although projected values cannot be immediately used for hydraulic structures design, the tendencies in extreme flows due to global warming may indicate unfavourable changes (i.e. increase in risk), and thus should be taken into account. }
}

@mastersthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kessonanna_2010,
  title = {Hydraulic- hydromorphologic analysis as an aid for improving peak flow predictions},
  author = {Åkesson, Anna},
  year = {2010},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {KTH},
  keywords = {hydrological modelling; peak flow predictions; distributed routing; parameterisation; stage-dependency; hydrology; hydrologi},
  abstract = {Conventional hydrological compartmental models have been shown to exhibit a high degree of uncertainty for predictions of peak flows, such as the design floods for design of hydropower infrastructure. One reason for these uncertainties is that conventional models are parameterised using statistical methods based on how catchments have responded in the past. Because the rare occurrence of peak flows, these are underrepresented during the periods used for calibration. This implies that the model has to be extrapolated beyond the discharge intervals where it has been calibrated. In this thesis, hydromechanical approaches are used to investigate the properties of stream networks, reflecting mechanisms including stage dependency, damming effects, interactions between tributaries (network effects) and the topography of the stream network. Further, it is investigated how these properties can be incorporated into the streamflow response functions of compartmental hydrological models. The response of the stream network was shown to vary strongly with stage in a non-linear manner, an effect that is commonly not accounted for in model formulation. The non-linearity is particularly linked to the flooding of stream channels and interactions with the flow on flood-plains. An evaluation of the significance of using physically based response functions on discharge predictions in a few sub-catchments in Southern Sweden show improvements (compared to a conventional model) in discharge predictions – particularly when modelling peak discharges. An additional benefit of replacing statistical parameterisation methods with physical parameterisation methods is the possibility of hydrological modelling during non-stationary conditions, such as the ongoing climate change.}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_zhukun_1999,
  title = {Some Thoughts on China's Water Problems and Recommended Measures},
  author = {Zhu, Kun and Zhang, Linus and Jiang, X.},
  year = {1999},
  journal = {Journal of Lanzhou Jiaotong University},
  pages = {11--21},
  language = {eng},
  abstract = {As the largest river, Yangtze River Basin drains 20% of China’s land surface. The Yangtze River region is so important that it accounts for 40 percent of the nation's industrial output and 35 percent of its agricultural output. The densely populated and highly developed river delta supports China's economic backbone. More than 160,000 enterprises are based along the middle and lower River reaches which run through the economic powerhouses of Wuhan, Nanjing and Shanghai. This summer, eight flood crests pounded the Yangtze River in more than two months, claiming more than 2,100 lives and causing more than 166 billion yuan (US$20 billion) in damage. The losses caused by the floods are apparently grievous for the region. One question remains unanswered: what caused the disaster and how can we prevent it?}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_grahamdrmark_2022,
  title = {Socio-Economic Analysis of the Costs of inaction of plastic debris leakage into the uMngeni River catchment in KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa: Final report},
  author = {Graham, Dr Mark and Lewis, Mrs. Fonda and Mander, Mr. Myles and de Winnaar, Mr. Gary and Whyte, Mr. Chris and Pano, Mrs. Nathalie},
  year = {2022},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Havs- och vattenmyndigheten},
  keywords = {plastic pollution; holistic water management; pollution; marine litter; south africa; ecosystem services; plastförorening; hållbart vattenbruk; föroreningar; marint skräp; sydafrika; ekosystemtjänster; investigations; analyses and infrastructure; utredningar; analys och infrastruktur},
  abstract = {The KZN (KwaZulu Natal) floods of April 2022 highlighted many of the fault lines and fractures over the institutional and physical landscape and which constitutes much of the crisis noted with respect to regional plastic pollution in this environment. There were numerous reports and photographs of tonnes of plastic litter which arrived on the city’s beaches as an aftermath of the floods, and this for all the world to see! (BBC, 2022)Over 440 people are reported to have died, with nearly 4,000 homes destroyed and more than 8,000 damaged, mostly in Durban and its surrounding areas. Water and electricity supplies were severely disrupted, along with other municipal infrastructure (roads, bridges, communications etc.).The Premier of the province (Sihle Zikalala) is quoted as saying that the magnitude of the damage, will run into billions of rand (Pijoos, 2022), with the eThekwini municipality quoting at least R757million worth of damage (Pijoos, Devastating KwaZulu-Natal floods may have cost eThekwini R757 million, 14). How do these institutional and physical fractures manifest in terms of the plastics issue, and how were they laid bare in this flooding?For one, many years of dysfunctionality and poor service delivery within the Durban solid waste environment (and the mismanagement of plastics particularly) allowed much of the plastic waste found in the river and on the beaches to manifest. The various solid waste corruption charges currently under criminal investigation also allude the mismanagement of the solid waste issue at an institutional level and particularly in some of the more rural and township areas that have been most hard hit by the flooding.As indicated in this report there is a strong link between poor plastic management at source (within the catchment, on the streets and within urban and semi urban areas) and which then finds its way into the rivers. Often on the way to the lowest point in the catchment, many of the poorly serviced stormwater drains are blocked (often with excessive plastic and other litter) and surcharge. This negates the efficacy of the stormwater infrastructure which then has a more significant storm damage effect in lower reaches of the catchment, and which was patently evident in the latest floods. Additionally, once in the river and now travelling down flooded river systems, this plastic is caught up in other debris blocks and often particularly around culverts, smaller bridges and road causeways. The aperture on these causeways, culverts and bridges are often blocked with this debris, much of it from plastic and other litter and this material causes these bridges to become flooded and the associated infrastructure to fail. This has massive infrastructural repair cost implications. Similarly, failing and surcharging stormwater systems puts pressure on sewerage infrastructure which is often in the same low-lying areas of catchments, and which is then inundated by stormwater. This cascading effect and linkage in turn causes the sewer lines and manholes to surcharge raw sewerage into rivers, estuaries and into the ocean. This has a massive impact on perceptions on water quality and suitability of the beaches for recreation and hence tourism perspectives. As this report highlights, this is one of the major findings, the monetary cost linkages between the value of tourism at the municipal scale (approximately R20billion) and the potential decline in this tourism revenue, stemming principally from a decrease in tourism appeal due to plastic diminishing aesthetics of tourist locations. These other, less obvious linkages between the effects of plastic pollution and other aspects around things like water quality, are not often evident, until this sort of linkages and landscape analysis are made.The uMngeni River Catchment is the largest catchment within the eThekwini Municipality and has a significant influence on other systems within the catchment. However, as of 2017, several of the uMngeni River tributaries were in poor/very poor condition, while the mainstem was reportedly in moderate ecological condition. The poor condition of this part of the catchment is partially attributable to the abundance of solid waste entering the river - primarily plastics. Evidence suggests that plastic accumulation in rivers is not only aesthetic in nature, but results in contamination, altering the Physico-chemical properties of the river, causing blockages and stagnating water. Furthermore, plastic blockages in sewer systems can result in overflow and exacerbate faecal pollution in river systems.The decline in the health of the uMngeni catchment has dire consequences for ecosystem wellbeing, and the ability for rivers and beaches to provide goods and services. Furthermore, South Africa has committed to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set out by the United Nations (UN). The resolution of plastic pollution must become a national priority – to safeguard the wellbeing of humans and the environment (the primary engine for the delivery of environmental goods and services) and to uphold the commitment made to the UN and its SDGs.The 2019 Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management (SwAM) Source-to-Sea study provided information on the last known state of the study area. The study reviewed aspects relevant to good water management in the KZN province, such as key flows, stakeholders, and governance, along with information on the sources, pathways, and impacts of plastics and possible solutions in the catchment. These key aspects were incorporated into this current study (2022).The primary objective of the 2022 SwAM study was to investigate the social and economic impacts associated with plastic waste accumulating in the uMngeni River Catchment and the catchment-derived ecosystems therein (downstream of the Inanda Dam).“Social impacts” encapsulates how plastic affects the following:Human health (psychological and physical wellbeing),Recreation,Spiritual values.“Economic impacts” focuses on how plastic affects the following:Businesses/ industries revenue generation,Costs associated with clean-up activities in the study area ecosystems.Finally, this study considers a range of scenarios and predicts several future outcomes related to the plastic-waste problem, based on the level of response to this issue. Innovative solutions are proposed to tackle the main issues.The methodology has at its core:Stakeholder interviews and an analysis of perceptions around plastics in the study area,Modelling of the flow of ecosystems goods and services within the system, and those influenced by plastics, and thenRunning of a suite of likely scenarios around the plastics issue.Online interviews were conducted with key stakeholders previously identified in the 2019 SwAM study. All stakeholders had, importantly, interacted with the affected river/marine system at some level. A Background Information Document (BID), provided prior to the interview, allowed stakeholders to participate in the interviews from an informed perspective.The interviews were aimed at developing an understanding of the socio-economic issues associated with plastic pollution. Stakeholders were presented with open-ended question about their perceptions regarding two key issues - the social and economic costs associated with plastic waste, respectively.Stakeholders primarily felt that plastic negatively influenced the:cultural (aesthetics of the environment, happiness of the community, tourist appeal, and spiritual practises),provisioning (ability for stakeholders to interact with the aquatic environment in a way that provides, such as fishing and agricultural activities) andsupporting (municipal infrastructure negatively impacted by flooding and its attenuation) ecosystem services.The stakeholder engagement process highlighted that plastic pollution is part of a larger set of issues associated with the waste management system. Stakeholder perceptions strongly indicated that clearing plastic waste would lead to an improvement in quality of life for stakeholders in the affected area.The plastic supply chain, costs of plastic and impacts of plastic on ecosystem services was summarised from literature and unpublished data from the stakeholder engagement. This was aimed at identifying the routes that plastic products followed before ending up in the environment as waste – such as (but not limited to) routes in residential areas, industrial areas, recreational sites, and roads.The primary monetary costs associated with plastic pollution were:the clean-up costs of plastic in environment (primarily for beaches and rivers),damage to municipal infrastructure,decline in tourism revenue (which stemmed from a decrease in tourism appeal due to plastic diminishing aesthetics of tourist locations),health and psychological costs,recreation value loss anddecline of property value.There are numerous, often not obvious, but perverse negative impacts from plastic waste which compound in the environment and affect other aspects of the system. These may be summarized in this context as:Aggravating flooding and water quality problems – plastic becomes entangled with plant material/debris, restricting the apertures on culverts/bridge infrastructure and reducing their flood design capacity, leading to back-flooding, higher flood levels and consequently damage to surrounding infrastructure.Plastic waste ingress into stormwater and sewer systems cause blockages and failures to water and sanitation infrastructure exacerbating the impacts from flooding as well as causing untreated sewage to surcharge and contaminate aquatic ecosystems (rivers, estuaries, and the near shore marine environment).Plastic waste and pathogens – plastic waste may be a carrier for bacteria and shield waterborne pathogens from the natural sterilising effects of the sun’s ultraviolet light and further exacerbate faecal pollution.The supply and dema}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_yuanfeifei_2013,
  title = {Prediction of summer precipitation in the source region of the Yellow River using sea surface temperature},
  author = {Yuan, Feifei and Berndtsson, Ronny and Zhang, Linus Tielin and Yasuda, Hiroshi},
  year = {2013},
  language = {eng},
  abstract = {The source region of the Yellow River contributes about 35% of the total water yield in the Yellow River basin playing an important role in meeting downstream water resources requirements. Thus, it is important to accurately predict the summer precipitation to get better estimation of streamflow for the Yellow River. In this study, the close links between summer precipitation in the source region of the Yellow River and sea surface temperature (SST) in the Pacific Ocean were established for further prediction. Results show that there is a strong lagged significant correlation between SST and summer precipitation. An artificial neural network (ANN) model was used to predict summer precipitation using this correlation with high accuracy. This indicates that major annual precipitation (during summer season) can be predicted using the suggested approach,and it is an essential part of the development of optimal reservoir planning and operation policies for power generation, water supply, and flood control for the mid and down-stream areas of the Yellow River.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mantillaivn_2025,
  title = {Hydrological processes in small stormwater infiltration facilities},
  author = {Mantilla, Iván},
  year = {2025},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Luleå University of Technology},
  keywords = {climate influence; hydrological performance; green infrastructure; overflow ocurrence; va-teknik; urban water engineering},
  abstract = {Climate change is expected to lead to more intense and severe rainfall events in the future and thereby significantly increase the risk of urban flooding. This change, characterized by spatial and temporal changes in precipitation patterns, challenges the capacity of existing urban drainage systems, which may be exceeded by higher runoff flows than originally anticipated. Relying solely on enlarging stormwater infrastructure to address this issue is costly and may change flood risk downstream rather than effectively resolving it. Furthermore, climate change may result in prolonged dry periods, potentially causing soil compaction and reduced infiltration capacity. In cold‑climate regions, rising temperatures are projected to increase the frequency of rain‑on‑snow events and mid‑winter snowmelt, leading to more rapid runoff and elevated risks of surface flooding. These processes can also contribute to the formation of impermeable frozen soil layers, reduce infiltration, and increase the likelihood of ice‑lens formation. Given these challenges, urban drainage systems must be both adaptable and space‑efficient, capable of managing not only increased rainfall volumes and intensities but also the hydrological effects associated with snowmelt and freeze–thaw dynamics under a changing climate. As awareness of the hydrological and environmental impacts of urbanization on catchments grows, there has been a paradigm shift towards adopting green infrastructure solutions. These approaches diverge from traditional end‑of‑pipe strategies, by emphasizing more holistic and sustainable methods. This thesis reports on a combination of modelling and field experimentation aimed at providing a better understanding of the influence of local climate (e.g., humid continental, oceanic, and subarctic climates), soil permeability (e.g., spatial and temporal variability), and initial moisture content (degree of saturation) on the water retention capacity of a grass swale and a biofilter cell. These factors were evaluated on a long‑term basis using historical meteorological time series and on an event basis, using design storms to represent a range of rainfall intensities from 1‑ to 50‑year return periods. This analysis made it possible to identify conditions that lead to the occurrence of overflow events and to test the implementation of an outflow control structure that aims to increase retention capacities of grass swales. Results showed that robust estimates of infiltration rates and a clear understanding of the local climate and its influence on soil moisture dynamics are prerequisites for designing well-functioning infiltration-based stormwater facilities. Design strategies should include a trade-off between selecting permeable soils for locations characterized by evenly distributed rainfall and prioritizing surface storage for areas with intense, short-duration events. Results from field irrigation experiments demonstrated that retrofitting an existing grass swale with a controlled outflow control release can enhance its retention capacity and reduce peak flows in downstream urban areas. Additionally, a characterization of grass swale infiltration rates revealed long-term changes in infiltration—driven by sedimentation and vegetation density. While no strong statistical correlation was found between the depth of the unsaturated zone and swale infiltration capacity, lower saturated hydraulic conductivity values were observed in shallower water table conditions. The study underscores the trade-off between selecting or modifying permeable swale soils to reduce runoff and protect groundwater quality. Finally, results from snowmelt modeling in a location with a humid continental climate showed that overflow dynamics in a biofilter cell varied significantly by the event type. Rain-on-snow events were the most frequent triggers of overflows but produced the lowest overflow volumes per event, suggesting that the snowpack buffered and delayed runoff. }
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_manterojuan_2016,
  title = {Elementary characterization of environmental samples from pit lakes in Sweden},
  author = {Mantero, Juan and Thomas, Rimon and Isaksson, Mats and Forssell-Aronsson, Eva and Holm, Elis and García-Tenorio, Rafael},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {EXRS2016 European Conference on  X-ray Spectrometry, Gothenburg, June 19-24, 2016},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {heavy metals; pit lakes; xrf techniques},
  abstract = {The effect of mining activities in a country as Sweden (the major metal mining country in the European Union) implies enormous quantities of generated mining wastes. Historically, more than 2700 mines gather around 30000 sites that have been minor mines and quarries (according to the database of Geological Survey of Sweden, SGU). In 1950, there were around 100 active mines while nowadays no more than 15 active mines still remains with ongoing extractions. Many of these sites had opencast mines. During exploitation by open-pit mining, the water table is suppressed to avoid the flooding of active mines. However, when mining activity ceases, the water table recovers its original position, flooding the open pits and giving rise to mine pit lakes.  The environmental problem arise because these waters can be affected by Acidic Mine Drainage (AMD), having high/very high concentration of heavy metals in solution. Apart from the impact to the ecosystem, these places are nearby populated areas and most of them are usually used for recreation purposes (swimming, fishing, diving) by inhabitant of these former mining areas.  In this work, a survey on 30 different abandoned pit lakes was performed.  Superficial waters and sediments from the shoreline were sampled to check the levels of metals (major elements and traces) at these sites. Water samples were doubly analysed: via TXRF with a S2 PICOFOX (equipped with Mo tube) and via ICP-MS. The aim was to compare and cross-check both measurement systems pointing out the advantages/disadvantages between them. Also physico-chemical parameters as pH, T, ORP, DO or salinity were measured in water samples and will be correlated with the chemical behaviour of some elements. The elementary characterization of sediments was carried out by WDXRF with an AXIOS system.  The concentration levels of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, S, Mg, Ca, Cr among others metals will be shown. In Waters, levels of Fe ranges from 0.01 to 235 mg/l, for S (0.9 to 8600 mg/l), Mn (0.02 to 8400 ppm), Cu (0.9 to 6400 ppm) or Zn (35 to 32000 ppm) as some examples. Regarding sediments, Fe ranges from 0.18 to 55 %, S (0.01 to 8.5%), Mn (0.01 to 0.85%), Cu (6 to 2125 ppm) or Zn (65 to 2000 ppm) with traces in Ba (35 to 7100 ppm) or Pb (1.3 to 2800 ppm) as more relevant elements. The main conclusion is that during this survey, some places with high levels of heavy metals were identified both in water and sediment samples.}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_uhlenbrookstefan_1999,
  title = {Prediction uncertainty of conceptual rainfall-runoff models caused by problems in identifying model parameters and structure},
  author = {Uhlenbrook, Stefan and Seibert, Jan and Leibundgut, Christian and Rodhe, Allan},
  year = {1999},
  journal = {Hydrological Sciences Journal},
  volume = {5},
  number = {44},
  pages = {779--797},
  language = {eng},
  abstract = {The uncertainties arising from the problem of identifying a representative model structure and model parameters in a conceptual rainfall-runoff model were investigated. A conceptual model, the HBV model; was applied to the mountainous Brugga basin (39.9 km(2)) in the Black Forest, southwestern Germany. In a first step, a Monte Carlo procedure with randomly generated parameter sets was used for calibration. For a ten-year calibration period, different parameter sets resulted in an equally good correspondence between observed and simulated runoff. A few parameters were well defined (i.e, best parameter values were within small ranges), but for most parameters good simulations were found with values varying over wide ranges. In a second step, model variants with different numbers of elevation and landuse zones and various runoff generation conceptualizations were tested. In some cases, representation of more spatial variability gave better simulations in term of discharge. However, good results could be obtained with different and even unrealistic concepts. The computation of design floods and low flow predictions illustrated that the parameter uncertainty and the uncertainty of identifying a unique best model variant have implications for model predictions. The flow predictions varied considerably. The peak discharge of a flood with a probability of 0.01 year(-1), for instance, varied from 40 to almost 60 mm day(-1). It was concluded that model predictions, particularly in applied studies, should be given as ranges rather than as single values.},
  issn = {0262-6667}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dileyihun_2014,
  title = {Intensifying Agricultural Water Management in the Tropics: A cause of water shortage or a source of resilience?},
  author = {Dile, Yihun},
  year = {2014},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University},
  keywords = {water harvesting; climate change; climate variability; multi criteria evaluation; swat; cn; sub-saharan africa; upper blue nile; lake tana basin; naturresurshushållning; natural resources management},
  abstract = {Frequent climatic shocks have presented challenges for rainfed agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa. Appropriate water management practices are among the solutions to the challenges. The role of water harvesting in achieving sustainable agricultural intensification and specified resilience was explored. Suitable areas for water harvesting in the Upper Blue Nile basin were identified. The usefulness of the Curve Number method for surface runoff estimation was evaluated, and was found to perform satisfactorily. The impact of climate change in the Lake Tana sub-basin was studied. A decision support system was developed for locating and sizing of water harvesting ponds in the SWAT model. Methodological developments enabled analysis of the implications of water harvesting intensification in a meso-scale watershed in the Lake Tana sub-basin.Results suggest that water harvesting can increase agricultural productivity, sustain ecosystems and build specified resilience, and thereby contribute to sustainable agricultural intensification. There is considerable potential for water harvesting in the Upper Blue Nile Basin. Rainfall may increase in the Lake Tana sub-basin due to climate change. Supplementary irrigation from water harvesting ponds and better nutrient application increased staple crop production by up to three-fold. Moreover, a substantial amount of cash crop was produced using dry seasonal irrigation. Water harvesting altered the streamflow regime, and reduced sediment loss from the watershed.      Water harvesting can play an important role in food security. It showed potential to buffer climatic variability. In the watershed studied, water harvesting will not compromise the environmental water requirements. Instead, increased low flows, and reduced flooding and sediment loss may benefit the social-ecological systems. The adverse effects of disturbance of the natural flow variability and sediment influx to certain riverine ecosystems warrant detailed investigation.}
}

@mastersthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ohlinsalettianna_2022,
  title = {Risk-based management of the cost to society from  infiltration and inflow to wastewater systems},
  author = {Ohlin Saletti, Anna},
  year = {2022},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {sewer system; infiltration and inflow (i/i); uncertainty; wastewater; risk management; decision support},
  abstract = {The wastewater system is an important part of our infrastructure as it protects public health and the environment. Well-functioning maintenance is essential to sustain the functionality of the system. Insufficient maintenance in combination with the complexity of the system often results in problems related to water from infiltration and inflow (I/I-water). I/I-water is all water in the wastewater sewer system that is not sanitary sewage and can originate from, e.g. groundwater, stormwater, and surface water. Common effects of I/I-water are the need of additional treatment at the wastewater treatment plants and pumping of water. After large rains, basement flooding events and discharge of untreated wastewater into streams and rivers are also common. To enable a more efficient management of I/I-water, the problem is comprehensively mapped in this thesis. Furthermore, a risk-based framework for decision support is presented that emphasises the need of considering economic, social, and environmental effects of I/I-water, as well as uncertainty throughout the decision-making process. Based on the framework a model is set up to calculate the cost to society from I/I-water. Important effects of I/I-water are monetised and the present value for a longer time horizon is calculated. Further, a case study in central Gothenburg, Sweden, is used to illustrate the applicability of the model. It is concluded that a comprehensive model for decision support is needed to handle I/I-water in a more sustainable way and that the result of this thesis can work as a basis for this.}
}

@mastersthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_tessemaselomem_2011,
  title = {Hydrological modeling as a tool for sustainable water resources management: a case study of the Awash River Basin},
  author = {Tessema, Selome M.},
  year = {2011},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {KTH Royal Institute of Technology},
  keywords = {hydrological characteristics; distributed hydrological modeling; rainfall-runoff correlation; streamflow prediction; sustainable water management; awash river basin; hydrology; hydrologi},
  abstract = {The growing pressure on the world‘s fresh water resources is enforced by population growth that leads to conflicts between demands for different purposes. A main concern on water use is the conflict between the environment and other purposes like hydropower, irrigation for agriculture and domestic and industry water supply, where total flows are diverted without releasing water for ecological conservation. As a consequence, some of the common problems related to water faced by many countries are shortage, quality deterioration and flood impacts. Hence, utilization of integrated water resources management in a single system, which is built up by river basin, is an optimum way to handle the question of water. However, in many areas, when planning for balancing water demands major gaps exist on baseline knowledge of water resources. In order to bridge these gaps, hydro-logical models are among the available tools used to acquire adequate understanding of the characteristics of the river basin. Apart from forecasting and predicting the quantity and quality of water for decision makers, some models could also help in predicting the impacts of natural and anthropogenic changes on water resources and also in quantifying the spatial and temporal availability of the resources. However, main challenges lie in choosing and utilizing these models for a specific basin and managerial plan. In this study, an analysis of the different types of models and application of a selected model to characterize the Awash River basin, located in Ethiopia, is presented. The results from the modeling procedure and the performance of the model are discussed. The different possible sources of uncertainties in the modeling process are also discussed. The results indicate dissimilar predictions in using different methods; hence proper care must be taken in selecting and employing available methods for a specific watershed prior to presenting the results to decision makers.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_quesadamontanobeatriz_2017,
  title = {Hydro-Climatic Variability and Change in Central America: Supporting Risk Reduction Through Improved Analyses and Data},
  author = {Quesada-Montano, Beatriz},
  year = {2017},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis},
  keywords = {central america; climate variability; disaster risk reduction; droughts; drought indices; floods; hydrological model; process constraints; statistical downscaling; uncertainty; ungauged basins; water resources.; hydrology; hydrologi},
  abstract = {Floods and droughts are frequent in Central America and cause large social, economic and environmental impacts. A crucial step in disaster risk reduction is to have a good understanding of the causing mechanisms of extreme events and their spatio-temporal characteristics. For this, a key aspect is access to a dense network of long and good-quality hydro-meteorological data. Unfortunately, such ideal data are sparse or non-existent in Central America. In addition, the existing methods for hydro-climatic studies need to be revised and/or improved to find the most suitable for the region’s climate, geography and hydro-climatic data situation. This work has the ultimate goal to support the reduction of risks associated with hydro-climatic-induced disasters in Central America. This was sought by developing ways to reduce data-related uncertainties and by improving the available methods to study and understand hydro-climatic variability processes. In terms of data-uncertainty reduction, this thesis includes the development of a high resolution air temperature dataset and a methodology to reduce uncertainties in a hydrological model at ungauged basins. The dataset was able to capture the spatial patterns with a detail not available with existing datasets. The methodology significantly reduced uncertainties in an assumed-to-be ungauged catchment. In terms of methodological improvements, this thesis includes an assessment of the most suitable combination of (available) meteorological datasets and drought indices to characterise droughts in Central America. In addition, a methodology was developed to analyse drought propagation in a tropical catchment, in an automated, objective way. Results from the assessment and the drought propagation analysis contributed with improving the understanding of drought patterns and generating processes in the region. Finally, a methodology was proposed for assessing changes in both hydrological extremes in a consistent way. This contrasts with most commonly used frameworks that study each extreme individually. The method provides important characteristics (frequency, duration and magnitude), information that can be useful for decisions within risk reduction and water management. The results presented in this thesis are a contribution, in terms of hydro-climatic data and assessment methods, for supporting risk reduction of disasters related with hydro-climatic extremes in Central America.}
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_vicogiulia_2025,
  title = {Agricultural Human-Water Systems},
  author = {Vico, Giulia},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Coevolution and Prediction of Coupled Human-Water Systems : A Sociohydrologic Synthesis of Change in Hydrology and Society},
  pages = {321--388},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  abstract = {Agriculture involves the exploitation of land, water and other natural resources for food production. It is an important economic activity and represents the source of livelihood for farmers and farm workers. With increasing human populations and lifestyle changes, food demand has increased, driving a transition from rainfed systems to irrigated agriculture. While the expansion of irrigated agriculture has increased productivity and enhanced food security worldwide, it has been accompanied by the intensification of water extraction and use: currently, agricultural production accounts for roughly 70% of the global water withdrawals. This has contributed to environmental degradation through groundwater depletion, reduced streamflow, and loss of biodiversity. The competition for water between human use and the environment has therefore become a central issue in agriculture, leading to inextricable linkages between food and water security. These insights are critical for addressing the challenges and the consequences associated with the intensification of agriculture and approaches to water management, and how they might impact our ability to meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Considerable investments in water infrastructure have contributed to changes to the natural courses of rivers and the hydrologic cycle in general. As a result, beyond crop production and water use, decisions on agriculture can affect other components of the human-nature system in unintended ways in the long-term. For example, increased availability of water through storage or access to groundwater resources can have the net effect of generating a false sense of protection in people, which helps to fuel a further increase in water demand and increased vulnerability to drought. These unintended consequences arise from long-term changes in human preferences in the tradeoffs, for example, between water for humans and water for the environment, between flood risk and drought risk, and more generally, between short-term benefits and long-term consequences, as we illustrate in this chapter.}
}

@mastersthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_carpmannicole_2015,
  title = {Marine Current Resource Assessment: Measurements and Characterization},
  author = {Carpman, Nicole},
  year = {2015},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper},
  keywords = {adcp; teknisk fysik med inriktning mot elektricitetslära; engineering science with specialization in science of electricity},
  abstract = {The increasing interest in converting energy from renewable resources into electricity has led to an increase in research covering the field of marine current energy, mainly concerning tidal currents and in-stream tidal turbines. Tides have the advantage of being predictable decades ahead. However, the tidal resource is intermittent and experiences local variations that affect the power output from a conversion system. The variability is mainly due to four aspects: the tidal regime, the tidal cycle, bathymetry at the site and weather effects. Each potential site is unique, the velocity flow field at tidal sites is highly influenced by local bathymetry and turbulence. Hence, characterizing the resource requires careful investigations and providing high quality velocity data from measurement surveys is of great importance. In this thesis, measurements of flow velocities have been performed at three kinds of sites.A tidal site has been investigated for its resource potential in one of all of the numerous fjords in Norway. Measurements have been performed to map the spatial and temporal variability of the resource. Results show that currents in the order of 2 m/s are present in the center of the channel. Furthermore, the flow is highly bi-directional between ebb and flood flows. The site thus have potential for in-stream energy conversion. A model is proposed that predicts peak current speed from information on tidal range at the site. A corresponding model can be set up and implemented at other similar sites affected by tides, i.e. fjord inlets connecting the ocean to a fjord or a basin.A river site serves as an experimental site for a marine current energy converter that has been designed at Uppsala University and deployed in Dalälven, Söderfors. The flow rate at the site is regulated by an upstream hydrokinetic power plant nearby, making the site suitable for experiments on the performance of the vertical axis turbine in its natural environment. The turbine has been run in uniform flow and measurements have been performed to characterize the extent of the wake.An ocean current site was a target of investigation for its potential for providing utilizable renewable energy. A measurement campaign was conducted, mapping the flow both spatially and temporally. However, the site was shown to not be suitable for energy conversion using present technique.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_sandstrmklas_1995,
  title = {Forests and Water - Friends or Foes?: Hydrological implications of deforestation and land degradation in semi-arid Tanzania},
  author = {Sandström, Klas},
  year = {1995},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Linköpings University},
  keywords = {water in nature and society},
  abstract = {This is a study of landscape hydrology; a type of hydrology which focuses on large sca1e implications of hydrologica1 processes as a function of hydroclimate, surface and sub-surface land properties, and the effect of human activities. The focus of the thesis is groundwater recharge and dry season flow following deforestation and land degradation. This is a highly controversial issue. In many countries, inc1uding those in humid-temperate regions, an a1most intuitiona1 feeling causes many to many believe that springs and streams will flow more steadily and at higher rates in a forested as compared to a deforested catchment. The trees are not seen as giant pumps transferring stored soilwater to the atmosphere, but as creators of an environment of "sponges" that can "buffer" tbe runoff and support dry season flow. Both of these views are simplistic. The aim of this thesis is to try to separate myth from science in regard to forests and water.In tbe study area in Babati District in Tanzania a multi-component research approach was attempted. Two catchments, one forested and one deforesteddegraded, were studied regarding soj] properties, runoff and groundwater recharge. This was done botb in tbe field and with tbe use of two computer models: one simulating groundwater recharge as a function of rainfa1l variability, and one simulating hydrological implications of massive land cover conversion on tbe flooding ofnearby Lake Babati.Three major findings came out of the study. The first is that most forested catchments (in various hydroclimates and landscapes) will increase the runoff following deforestation (due to less evapotranspiration). This is well-established knowledge, but it also depends on the actual conditions at hand. These conditions are defined as hydroclimate, soil texture and slope. In humid-temperate climates with coarse soils on flat land, the conditions strongly favor increased runoff following deforestation. However, in dry tropical regions with fine textured soils on billy ground, and where deforestation also implies land degradation, less dry season flow is likely to develop after a considerable adjustment period has been allowed. Secondly, the prevalence of preferential flow in a forest soil, as compared to a compacted and eroded soil, must be a key component in an explanation of why more dry season flow can emerge from a forested as compared to a deforested catchment in the dry tropics. Thirdly, there are several aspects of semi-arid and arid tropical hydrology which make comparisions with humid-temperate regions difficult and require special attention in the management ofwater resources in the dry tropics.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_aminjafarisaeid_2023,
  title = {Monitoring Water Availability in Northern Inland Waters from Space},
  author = {Aminjafari, Saeid},
  year = {2023},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University},
  keywords = {water occurrence; lake water level; altimetry; d-insar},
  abstract = {River deltas and lakes support biodiversity and offer crucial ecosystem services such as freshwater provision, flood control, and fishing. However, climate change and human activities have affected deltas and lakes globally, altering the services they provide. Since delta and lake surface water occurrence and water levels respond to climate change and anthropogenic activities, we need to monitor their variations to understand the potential drivers for effective water management strategies. However, important deltas like the Selenga River Delta (SRD) in Russia lack a detailed analysis of water occurrence. Regarding lake water level, there has been a decline in the number of gauging stations globally, due to installation and maintenance costs. For example, Sweden has ~100,000 lakes which are sources of freshwater and hydro-power, but only 38 lakes have long and continuous in-situ records of water level.As satellite data are reliable alternatives for conventional methods to monitor deltas and lakes, I employed Earth Observations (EO) to quantify changes in surface water occurrence in the SRD and water levels in Swedish lakes and identify their main drivers. I also developed and explored a novel methodology for lake water level estimation based on Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (D-InSAR) by calculating the six-day phase differences in 30 Swedish lakes.To achieve these objectives, I trained and applied a Maximum Likelihood classification to Landsat images from 1987 to 2020 and quantified surface water occurrence and its changes in the SRD. I found that surface water occurrence in 51% of the delta experienced a decrease. As the Selenga River is the only river flowing into the SRD, the change in surface water occurrence in the SRD correlated with river discharge, but not with the river suspended sediment concentration, the lake water level in the outlet of the SRD, or evapotranspiration over the delta.In Sweden, I used satellite altimetry data from ERS-2, ENVISAT, JASON-1,2,3, SARAL, and Sentinel-3A/B to quantify water levels in 144 lakes from 1995-2022. I found that 52% of the lakes showed increasing trends (mostly in the north) and 43% decreasing trends (mostly in the south). Water level trends and variabilities did not correlate strongly with hydroclimatic changes (precipitation and temperature) but differed in regulated lakes compared to unregulated ones, both in the north and in the south of Sweden.The results of the D-InSAR method for water level estimation in two Swedish lakes (Hjälmaren and Solnen) showed that with water level changes smaller than a complete SAR phase, the phase changes correlate with in-situ water level changes with a minimum Root Mean Square Error of 0.43 cm in some pixels. In all 30 lakes, I accumulated the phase changes of each pixel throughout the whole number of interferograms to construct water levels. This method replicated the direction of water level changes shown by high Pearson’s correlations in at least one pixel in each lake.This thesis highlights the importance of EO for estimating surface water occurrence and lake water levels and brings focus to the future of EO through advanced space missions such as Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) and NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR). The findings underscore the need to continuously monitor lake water level and occurrence to adapt to climate change and understand the effects of water-regulatory schemes.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_wiktorsten_1996,
  title = {Experiment utförda på en nitrifierande biobädd 1995},
  author = {Wik, Torsten},
  year = {1996},
  language = {swe},
  abstract = {A number of experiments was conducted on a pilot scale nitrifying trickling filter during 1995. The experiments aimed for better knowledge of the flow-dependent fast dynamics, and the slow bacterial dynamics.The residence time distribution was investigated by a number of impulse response experiments where dissolved LiCl was added to the influent. The experiments showed that the amount of water in the trickling filter is almost independent of the flow through the plant, and corresponds to a liquid film thickness of approximately 0.5 mm. The residence time distribution can be approximated by a model with four or five identical and ideally continuously stirred tanks.Based on the results of the impulse response experiments the plant is modelled by four continuously stirred tank reactors in series, where the nitrification in each tank is described by a physically derived nonlinear expression.Data from a few step response experiments, where the ammonium concentration in the influent was raised from a low constant level to a high constant level at a constant flow through the plant, was compared to model simulations. The comparisons showed that the fast dynamics in the biofilm can be neglected in comparison to the dynamics caused by the mixing in the bulk and the residence time distribution. Implicitly, this means that the response time for the active nitrifying bacteria to changes in ammonium concentration is less than a few minutes, also when the ammonium load has been very low for a long time.An experiment, where the flow was stochastically varied around an operating point during one day, showed that the simple model derived sufficiently well describe the fast dynamics of nitrifying trickling filter also when the flow changes. When the ammonium concentration in the effluent is low, a model where the nitrification rate is assumed constant is not sufficient.The slow dynamics that depend on the growth and decay of the active nitrifying bacteria was investigated by a three months long step response experiment, where the ammonium concentration in the influent first was held at a high level (not full nitrification) for approximately one month and then at a low level (approximately 50% of the nitrifying capacity) for one month, and finally at the same high level as before for one more month. In spite of several practical problems, the experiment indicated that it takes one to two weeks for the concentration of active bacteria in the biofilm to increase to a new higher concentration after the raise in influent ammonium concentration. The corresponding increase in nitrification rate is approximately 20%.The two periods of the same high influent ammonium concentration was during periods with different water temperature. Comparisons of the nitrification rate between the two periods indicated a stronger dependency on the temperature than has earlier been observed. The standard temperature dependency of the maximum growth rate for nitrifying bacteria that are used for laboratory scale experiments may well apply also for this large scale process.During periods of the experiment the ammonium sensors were not working. Therefore the possibility to determine the influent ammonium concentration based on the flow into the plant was investigated. Both black box models and a physically based model was fitted to data. The investigation showed that with a good model of the influent flow to the plant it may be possible to predict the ammonium concentration with quite good accuracy.The trickling filter was flooded weekly for a couple of hours for predator control. An investigation of the nitrification rate before and after the floodings showed no short term effects of the flooding.When the pilot plant was taken out of operation at the end of the year the uppermost meter of the plant was investigated. It was observed that the biofilm thickness was approximately 0.5mm and no bare surfaces without biofilm could be observed.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_geranmayehpia_2024,
  title = {Våtmarkers hydrologiska ekosystemtjänster och multifunktion},
  author = {Geranmayeh, Pia and Lannergård, Emma and Futter, Martyn},
  year = {2024},
  language = {swe},
  publisher = {Naturvårdsverket},
  abstract = {Målet med detta projekt var att förbättra möjligheterna för anläggning och design av multifunktionella våtmarker i det svenska jordbrukslandskapet. I projektet har vi genom kommunikation med olika intressenter som arbetar med våtmarker, mätningar och fältundersökningar, modellering, policyanalys och samarbete över projektgränserna arbetat för att skapa underlag för multifunktionella våtmarker. Dialog med åtgärdssamordnare, myndighetsutövare och andra berörda har kommunicerats genom workshops där den senaste forskningen presenterades i tillämpat format. Vidare har en film producerats som handlar om de positiva fördelarna som finns med våtmarker, innefattande både deras skönhet men även andra ekosystemtjänster. Projektet har bidragit till betydelsefulla resultat inom forskningsområdet genom såväl granskade artiklar och examensarbeten.Fältmätningar utfördes vid våtmarker i Mälardalen och Halland. Dessa mätningar inkluderade näringsämnen i vatten och sediment, växthusgaser, kolinlagring, vattennivå och nya mätningar av mikrobiell biodiversitet. Modellering användes för att förstå leveransen av ekosystemtjänster från våtmarker relaterade till näringsretention och buffring av högflöden. En tvärvetenskaplig policyanalys identifierade utmaningar relaterade till markägande, finansieringsprogram och rollen för våtmarksrådgivare. Många av resultaten från detta projekt som rör multifunktionalitet uppkom genom samarbete med andra projekt i forskningssatsningen om “Våtmarkers ekosystemtjänster” från Naturvårdsverket.Bakgrunden till vårt projekt är att de flesta av våtmarkerna i det svenska jordbrukslandskapet dränerats under 1800- och 1900-talet för att göra marken tillgänglig för livsmedelsproduktion. Idag har vi en ökad medvetenhet om konsekvenserna av detta, vilket medför allt fler krav på åtgärder för att anpassa landskapet till klimatförändringar, förbättra vattenkvaliteten och främja biologisk mångfald. Anlagda våtmarker kan uppfylla alla dessa nyttor och det svenska samhället investerar betydande resurser för att skapa fler våtmarker i jordbrukslandskapet. Dessa stöd fokuserar på olika nyttor med våtmarker, det är dock en stor variation i budget och vilka som får söka stöden (enskilda markägare eller kommun/vattenråd m.fl.), och därmed vilket finansieringssystem som används mest. För att öka utnyttjandet av alla stöden och för att få rätt våtmark på rätt plats, behövs öronmärkta budgetar, förtroende och samarbete mellan markägare och myndigheter. Det blir även allt viktigare (både utifrån markägar- och samhällsperspektiv) att skapa våtmarker som behåller vatten i landskapet under perioder av torka och skyddar mot översvämning.I början av vårt projekt förväntades individuella våtmarker kunna utformas och förvaltas för att leverera flera ekosystemtjänster relaterade till exempelvis näringsretention, främjande av biodiversitet och buffring av högflöden. Detta kan stämma in på vissa aspekter där våtmarker kan utformas för att främja multifunktionalitet, exempelvis genom att utforma strandnära zoner för ökad biodiversitet i våtmarker vars huvudsyfte är näringsretention. Även buffring av högflöden kan kombineras med näringsrening genom en förbättrad design.Under projektets gång blev dock två saker tydliga. För det första bör den lämpliga skalan för utvärdering av multifunktionalitet vara både den individuella våtmarken och “våtmarkslandskapet”. För det andra måste avvägningar mellan positiva och negativa aspekter också inkluderas i begreppet multifunktionalitet.Ett våtmarkslandskap liknar en stjärnbild. På samma sätt som en stjärnbild beror på stjärnornas plats och ljusstyrka inom den, kan ett våtmarkslandskap definieras av platsen och egenskaperna hos dess våtmarker. Placeringen i våtmarkslandskapet är en viktig indikator för våtmarkens funktionalitet. För att en våtmark ska rena näringsämnen effektivt måste den ha en tillräckligt hög näringsbelastning och varken för lite eller för mycket inkommande vatten. På liknande sätt beror en individuell våtmarks förmåga att buffra översvämningar och torka på placeringen i våtmarkslandskapet, med vissa våtmarker som har god potential att behålla vatten vid torka, medan andra erbjuder möjlighet att mildra lokala översvämningar.Avvägningar, eller fördelar inom ett område som är förknippade med nackdelar inom ett annat område, måste också beaktas. Våtmarker med hög näringsbelastning har hög potential för näringsrening, men innebär risk för betydande avgång av växthusgaser (särskilt metan). Våtmarker som effektivt behåller kol i sina sediment kan behöva mer frekvent underhåll än de som inte ackumulerar lika mycket sediment över tid. Våtmarker som anläggs på näringrik jord för biologisk mångfald genom dämning riskerar att bli fosforkällor, därför behövs en fosforriskbedömning göras vid projekteringen.En tredje slutsats från vårt projekt var betydelsen av de individer som arbetar med frågan och deras tillgång till relevant information. Implementeringen av våtmarker i Sverige är en frivillig aktivitet från markägarperspektiv och många personer är involverade i processen, inklusive myndighetsutövare, våtmarksrådgivare, åtgärdssamordnare, medlemmar i olika organisationer (t.ex. vattenvårdsförbund, intresseorganisationer) och markägarna själva. Alla dessa grupper har uttryckt ett behov av praktiska råd om placering, utformning, tillgängliga verktyg och eventuella avvägningar för olika våtmarkstyper samt kontinuerlig dialog med forskare och sakkunniga.Slutligen identifierade projektet områden där kunskapen är bristfällig. Faktorerna som styr växthusgasutsläpp från våtmarker kräver vidare studier. Resultat från vårt projekt visade att att det finns stora skillnader i mikrobiella samhällen mellan våtmarker. Dessa skillnader påverkar variationen i exempelvis metanproduktion och –konsumtion. Skillnaderna i mikrobiella samhällen belyser också det faktum att biodiversitet också handlar om mikroorganismer, inte bara synlig flora och fauna. Vidare behövs finansieringen för våtmarksanläggning harmoniseras på nationell nivå. Kunskapen är i dagsläget även bristfällig kring våtmarkers långsiktiga effekt, skötselbehov, synergier eller möjliga avvägningar mellan funktioner och risker. Det finns ett stort behov av långsiktiga mätningar för att följa upp anlagda våtmarkers faktiska effekt, samt att säkerställa måluppfyllelse vid anläggning av nya.}
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_keskitaloecarinah_2009,
  title = {Local adaptation to climate change in fishing villages and forest settlements in northwest Russia},
  author = {Keskitalo, E. Carina H. and Kulyasova, Antonina A.},
  year = {2009},
  journal = {The changing governance of renewable natural resources in northwest Russia},
  pages = {227--243},
  doi = {10.4324/9781315614458},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Routledge},
  abstract = {Climate change will have a large impact on community level. As the emissions causing climate change are unlikely to be halted entirely in the near future, local areas and resource users may expect to have to adapt their ongoing land use to some extent (Ford and Smit 2004). Climate change is projected to lead to a more temperate climate in northernmost Europe, resulting in a delayed autumn and milder winters with increased precipitation. This change in climate, and adaptation to it, will cause an additional stress on resource users. The winter season will be shortened by perhaps a month (Hogda et al. 2001; ACIA 2004) and the ice on rivers and lakes will break up earlier and freeze later (IPCC 2001). This in turn will impact the spring flood and the seasonality of the flood may change (Hogda et al. 2001; IPCC 2001). In summer, plants may suffer from heat stress and soil moisture deficit due to the longer growing season and changing precipitation patterns and be exposed to invading pests, pathogens and herbivores. On the other hand, growth conditions may improve as a result of warmer temperatures and the ground being snow-free longer (Krankina et al. 1997; Saelthun 1995; Watson et al. 1998; cf. Maracchi et al. 2005; ACIA 2004).}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dibaldassarregiuliano_2015,
  title = {Debates - Perspectives on socio-hydrology: Capturing feedbacks between physical and social processes},
  author = {Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Viglione, Alberto and Carr, Gemma and Kuil, Linda and Yan, Kun and Brandimarte, Luigia and Bloeschl, Guenter},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Water resources research},
  volume = {6},
  number = {51},
  pages = {4770--4781},
  doi = {10.1002/2014WR016416},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: American Geophysical Union (AGU)},
  abstract = {In flood risk assessment, there remains a lack of analytical frameworks capturing the dynamics emerging from two-way feedbacks between physical and social processes, such as adaptation and levee effect. The former, "adaptation effect", relates to the observation that the occurrence of more frequent flooding is often associated with decreasing vulnerability. The latter, "levee effect", relates to the observation that the non-occurrence of frequent flooding (possibly caused by flood protection structures, e.g. levees) is often associated to increasing vulnerability. As current analytical frameworks do not capture these dynamics, projections of future flood risk are not realistic. In this paper, we develop a new approach whereby the mutual interactions and continuous feedbacks between floods and societies are explicitly accounted for. Moreover, we show an application of this approach by using a socio-hydrological model to simulate the behavior of two main prototypes of societies: green societies, which cope with flooding by resettling out of flood-prone areas; and technological societies, which deal with flooding also by building levees or dikes. This application shows that the proposed approach is able to capture and explain the aforementioned dynamics (i.e. adaptation and levee effect) and therefore contribute to a better understanding of changes in flood risk, within an iterative process of theory development and empirical research.},
  issn = {0043-1397}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_sikorskaannae_2015,
  title = {Flood-type classification in mountainous catchments using crisp and fuzzy decision trees},
  author = {Sikorska, Anna E. and Viviroli, Daniel and Seibert, Jan},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Water resources research},
  volume = {10},
  number = {51},
  pages = {7959--7976},
  doi = {10.1002/2015WR017326},
  language = {eng},
  abstract = {Floods are governed by largely varying processes and thus exhibit various behaviors. Classification of flood events into flood types and the determination of their respective frequency is therefore important for a better understanding and prediction of floods. This study presents a flood classification for identifying flood patterns at a catchment scale by means of a fuzzy decision tree. Hence, events are represented as a spectrum of six main possible flood types that are attributed with their degree of acceptance. Considered types are flash, short rainfall, long rainfall, snow-melt, rainfall on snow and, in high alpine catchments, glacier-melt floods. The fuzzy decision tree also makes it possible to acknowledge the uncertainty present in the identification of flood processes and thus allows for more reliable flood class estimates than using a crisp decision tree, which identifies one flood type per event. Based on the data set in nine Swiss mountainous catchments, it was demonstrated that this approach is less sensitive to uncertainties in the classification attributes than the classical crisp approach. These results show that the fuzzy approach bears additional potential for analyses of flood patterns at a catchment scale and thereby it provides more realistic representation of flood processes.},
  issn = {0043-1397}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_alfonsol_2016,
  title = {Probabilistic Flood Maps to support decision-making: Mapping the Value of Information},
  author = {Alfonso, L. and Mukolwe, M. M. and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Water resources research},
  volume = {2},
  number = {52},
  pages = {1026--1043},
  doi = {10.1002/2015WR017378},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {pfms; value of information; floodplain management; decision under uncertainty; land use planning},
  abstract = {Floods are one of the most frequent and disruptive natural hazards that affect man. Annually, significant flood damage is documented worldwide. Flood mapping is a common preimpact flood hazard mitigation measure, for which advanced methods and tools (such as flood inundation models) are used to estimate potential flood extent maps that are used in spatial planning. However, these tools are affected, largely to an unknown degree, by both epistemic and aleatory uncertainty. Over the past few years, advances in uncertainty analysis with respect to flood inundation modeling show that it is appropriate to adopt Probabilistic Flood Maps (PFM) to account for uncertainty. However, the following question arises; how can probabilistic flood hazard information be incorporated into spatial planning? Thus, a consistent framework to incorporate PFMs into the decision-making is required. In this paper, a novel methodology based on Decision-Making under Uncertainty theories, in particular Value of Information (VOI) is proposed. Specifically, the methodology entails the use of a PFM to generate a VOI map, which highlights floodplain locations where additional information is valuable with respect to available floodplain management actions and their potential consequences. The methodology is illustrated with a simplified example and also applied to a real case study in the South of France, where a VOI map is analyzed on the basis of historical land use change decisions over a period of 26 years. Results show that uncertain flood hazard information encapsulated in PFMs can aid decision-making in floodplain planning.},
  issn = {0043-1397}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kessonanna_2016,
  title = {Change in streamflow response in unregulated catchments in Sweden over the last century},
  author = {Åkesson, Anna and Wörman, Anders and Riml, Joakim and Seibert, Jan},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Water resources research},
  doi = {10.1002/2015WR018116},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Blackwell Publishing},
  abstract = {A Fourier spectral analysis of 55-110 years of daily discharge time series in 79 unregulated catchments in Sweden reveals that the discharge power spectrum slope in most of the studied catchments has gradually steepened over time. This statistically significant drift in the periodicity of dominant hydrologic response processes can be attributed to a change in either climatic forcing factors or anthropogenic effects on the land surface, e.g., land-use changes. For those locations for which historical meteorological observations are available (the 41 southernmost catchments), the results of our analyses of changes in precipitation power spectra indicate that local land-use changes within the catchments may affect discharge power spectra more significantly than precipitation pattern changes (resulting from climate change).By using 1D distributed hydraulic routing, we quantitatively analyze how travel time distributions within stream networks can vary because of anthropogenic impacts, such as changes in stream network spatial coordinates (these stream networks are derived from three maps: two from the present and one from the 1880s), river width modifications, stream channel excavation, and the elimination of thresholds in stream bottom topography that cause exceedingly low local bottom slopes.The findings that the discharge power spectrum may change significantly over time, implies that conventional, statistically-based parameterization of hydrological models that rely on assumptions of stationarity may be less suited than more physically based parameterization alternatives. This essential information must be considered when performing tasks that involve (peak) flow predictions, such as those for dimensioning and flood risk management purposes. },
  issn = {0043-1397}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_teutschbeinclaudia_2017,
  title = {Future Riverine Inorganic Nitrogen Load to the Baltic Sea From Sweden: An Ensemble Approach to Assessing Climate Change Effects},
  author = {Teutschbein, Claudia and Sponseller, Ryan A. and Grabs, Thomas and Blackburn, Meredith and Boyer, Elizabeth W. and Hytteborn, Julia K. and Bishop, Kevin},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
  volume = {11},
  number = {31},
  pages = {1674--1701},
  doi = {10.1002/2016GB005598},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: American Geophysical Union (AGU)},
  keywords = {streamflow; climate change; nitrogen; baltic sea; sweden; eutrophication; hydrology; hydrologi},
  abstract = {The dramatic increase of bioreactive nitrogen entering the Earth’s ecosystems continues toattract growing attention. Increasingly large quantities of inorganic nitrogen are flushed from land towater, accelerating freshwater, and marine eutrophication. Multiple, interacting, and potentiallycountervailing drivers control the future hydrologic export of inorganic nitrogen. In this paper, we attempt toresolve these land-water interactions across boreal/hemiboreal Sweden in the face of a changing climatewith help of a versatile modeling framework to maximize the information value of existing measurementtime series. We combined 6,962 spatially distributed water chemistry observations spread over 31 years withdaily streamflow and air temperature records. An ensemble of climate model projections, hydrologicalsimulations, and several parameter parsimonious regression models was employed to project future riverineinorganic nitrogen dynamics across Sweden. The median predicted increase in total inorganic nitrogenexport from Sweden (2061–2090) due to climate change was 14% (interquartile range 0–29%), based on theensemble of 7,500 different predictions for each study site. The overall export as well as the seasonal patternof inorganic nitrogen loads in a future climate are mostly influenced by longer growing seasons and morewinter flow, which offset the expected decline in spring flood. The predicted increase in inorganic nitrogenloading due to climate change means that the political efforts for reducing anthropogenic nitrogen inputsneed to be increased if ambitions for reducing the eutrophication of the Baltic Sea are to be achieved.},
  issn = {0886-6236}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_gironslopezmarc_2017,
  title = {Impact of social preparedness on flood early warning systems},
  author = {Girons Lopez, Marc and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Seibert, Jan},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Water resources research},
  volume = {1},
  number = {53},
  pages = {522--534},
  doi = {10.1002/2016WR019387},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {damage; early warning; efficiency; flood; modeling; social preparedness; hydrology; hydrologi},
  abstract = {Flood early warning systems play a major role in the disaster risk reduction paradigm as cost-effective methods to mitigate flood disaster damage. The connections and feedbacks between the hydrological and social spheres of early warning systems are increasingly being considered as key aspects for successful flood mitigation. The behavior of the public and first responders during flood situations, determined by their preparedness, is heavily influenced by many behavioral traits such as perceived benefits, risk awareness, or even denial. In this study, we use the recency of flood experiences as a proxy for social preparedness to assess its impact on the efficiency of flood early warning systems through a simple stylized model and implemented this model using a simple mathematical description. The main findings, which are based on synthetic data, point to the importance of social preparedness for flood loss mitigation, especially in circumstances where the technical forecasting and warning capabilities are limited. Furthermore, we found that efforts to promote and preserve social preparedness may help to reduce disaster-induced losses by almost one half. The findings provide important insights into the role of social preparedness that may help guide decision-making in the field of flood early warning systems.},
  issn = {0043-1397}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_brunnermanuelai_2017,
  title = {Flood type specific construction of synthetic design hydrographs},
  author = {Brunner, Manuela I. and Viviroli, Daniel and Sikorska, Anna E. and Vannier, Olivier and Favre, Anne-Catherine and Seibert, Jan},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Water resources research},
  volume = {2},
  number = {53},
  pages = {1390--1406},
  doi = {10.1002/2016WR019535},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION},
  abstract = {Accurate estimates of flood peaks, corresponding volumes, and hydrographs are required to design safe and cost-effective hydraulic structures. In this paper, we propose a statistical approach for the estimation of the design variables peak and volume by constructing synthetic design hydrographs for different flood types such as flash-floods, short-rain floods, long-rain floods, and rain-on-snow floods. Our approach relies on the fitting of probability density functions to observed flood hydrographs of a certain flood type and accounts for the dependence between peak discharge and flood volume. It makes use of the statistical information contained in the data and retains the process information of the flood type. The method was tested based on data from 39 mesoscale catchments in Switzerland and provides catchment specific and flood type specific synthetic design hydrographs for all of these catchments. We demonstrate that flood type specific synthetic design hydrographs are meaningful in flood-risk management when combined with knowledge on the seasonality and the frequency of different flood types.},
  issn = {0043-1397}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kreibichh_2017,
  title = {Adaptation to flood risk: results of international paired flood event studies},
  author = {Kreibich, H. and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Vorogushyn, S. and Aerts, J.C.J.H. and Apel, H. and Aronica, G.T. and Arnbjerg-Nielsen, K. and Bouwer, L.M. and Bubeck, P. and Caloiero, T. and Chinh, D.T. and Cortès, M. and Gain, A.K. and Giampà, V. and Kuhlicke, C. and Kundzewicz, Z.W. and Lliasat, M.C. and Mård, Johanna and Matczak, P. and Mazzoleni, M. and Molinari, D. and Dung, N.V. and Petrucci, O. and Schröter, K. and Slager, K. and Thieken, A.H. and Ward, P.J. and Merz, B.},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Earth's Future},
  volume = {10},
  number = {5},
  pages = {953--965},
  doi = {10.1002/2017EF000606},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {flooding; vulnerability; adaptation; global environmental change},
  abstract = {As flood impacts are increasing in large parts of the world, understanding the primary drivers of changes in risk is essential for effective adaptation. To gain more knowledge on the basis of empirical case studies, we analyze eight paired floods, i.e. consecutive flood events that occurred in the same region, with the second flood causing significantly lower damage. These success stories of risk reduction were selected across different socio-economic and hydro-climatic contexts. The potential of societies to adapt is uncovered by describing triggered societal changes, as well as formal measures and spontaneous processes that reduced flood risk. This novel approach has the potential to build the basis for an international data collection and analysis effort to better understand and attribute changes in risk due to hydrological extremes in the framework of the IAHSs Panta Rhei initiative. Across all case studies, we find that lower damage caused by the second event was mainly due to significant reductions in vulnerability, e.g. via raised risk awareness, preparedness and improvements of organizational emergency management. Thus, vulnerability reduction plays an essential role for successful adaptation. Our work shows that there is a high potential to adapt, but there remains the challenge to stimulate measures that reduce vulnerability and risk in periods in which extreme events do not occur.},
  issn = {2328-4277}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dibaldassarregiuliano_2018_1,
  title = {An integrative research framework to unravel the interplay of natural hazards and vulnerabilities},
  author = {Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Nohrstedt, Daniel and Mård, Johanna and Burchardt, Steffi and Albin, Cecilia and Bondesson, Sara and Breinl, Korbinian and Deegan, Frances M. and Fuentes, Diana and Girons Lopez, Marc and Granberg, Mikael and Nyberg, Lars and Rydstedt Nyman, Monika and Rhodes, Emma and Troll, Valentin and Young, Stephanie and Walch, Colin and Parker, Charles F.},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Earth's Future},
  volume = {3},
  number = {6},
  pages = {305--310},
  doi = {10.1002/2017EF000764},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: John Wiley & Sons},
  keywords = {disaster risk analysis and assessment; disaster risk reduction; flood risk; natural hazards; risk; socio-hydrology; volcanic hazards and risks; vulnerability; statsvetenskap med inriktning mot krishantering och internationell samverkan},
  abstract = {Climate change, globalization, urbanization, social isolation, and increased interconnectednessbetween physical, human, and technological systems pose major challenges to disaster risk reduction(DRR). Subsequently, economic losses caused by natural hazards are increasing in many regions of theworld, despite scientific progress, persistent policy action, and international cooperation. We argue thatthese dramatic figures call for novel scientific approaches and new types of data collection to integratethe two main approaches that still dominate the science underpinning DRR: the hazard paradigm and thevulnerability paradigm. Building from these two approaches, here we propose a research framework thatspecifies the scope of enquiry, concepts, and general relations among phenomena. We then discuss theessential steps to advance systematic empirical research and evidence-based DRR policy action.},
  issn = {2328-4277}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_brunnermanuelai_2018,
  title = {Identification of Flood Reactivity Regions via the Functional Clustering of Hydrographs},
  author = {Brunner, Manuela I. and Viviroli, Daniel and Furrer, Reinhard and Seibert, Jan and Favre, Anne-Catherine},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Water resources research},
  volume = {3},
  number = {54},
  pages = {1852--1867},
  doi = {10.1002/2017WR021650},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {clustering; functional data analysis; hydrograph shapes; homogeneous regions; regionalization},
  abstract = {Flood hydrograph shapes contain valuable information on the flood-generation mechanisms of a catchment. To make good use of this information, we express flood hydrograph shapes as continuous functions using a functional data approach. We propose a clustering approach based on functional data for flood hydrograph shapes to identify a set of representative hydrograph shapes on a catchment scale and use these catchment-specific sets of representative hydrographs to establish regions of catchments with similar flood reactivity on a regional scale. We applied this approach to flood samples of 163 medium-size Swiss catchments. The results indicate that three representative hydrograph shapes sufficiently describe the hydrograph shape variability within a catchment and therefore can be used as a proxy for the flood behavior of a catchment. These catchment-specific sets of three hydrographs were used to group the catchments into three reactivity regions of similar flood behavior. These regions were not only characterized by similar hydrograph shapes and reactivity but also by event magnitudes and triggering event conditions. We envision these regions to be useful in regionalization studies, regional flood frequency analyses, and to allow for the construction of synthetic design hydrographs in ungauged catchments. The clustering approach based on functional data which establish these regions is very flexible and has the potential to be extended to other geographical regions or toward the use in climate impact studies.},
  issn = {0043-1397}
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_deeminghugh_2014,
  title = {Resilience and Adaptation to Hydrometeorological Hazards},
  author = {Deeming, Hugh and Fordham, Maureen and Gerger Swartling, Åsa},
  year = {2014},
  journal = {Hydrometeorological Hazards},
  pages = {291--316},
  doi = {10.1002/9781118629567.ch4b},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley-Blackwell},
  keywords = {alpine hazards; eu fp7 embrace project; flooding; hydrometeorological hazards; sustainable livelyhood approach (sla)},
  abstract = {This chapter discusses the related concepts of resilience and adaptation. The discussion in the chapter emanates from the on-going EU FP7 emBRACE project which used five case studies across Europe to investigate the role, structure and processes of ‘ community resilience’ in the face of flooding, alpine hazards (avalanche and flash flood), heatwave and earthquake. A sustainable livelihoods approach (SLA) is employed as the mechanism by which the complex mix of components and processes of relevance to community resilience is elucidated to hydrometeorological hazards. The chapter introduces a number of lenses through which it can be seen that resilient people, communities and systems require a much wider and more complex frame in which to understand how resilience is produced, reproduced, maintained or lost, than can be provided within even quite advanced socio-technical risk-management systems.}
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_godaranitesh_2024,
  title = {Geospatial Techniques for Flash Flood Hazard Assessment and Management},
  author = {Godara, Nitesh and Challana, Amit and Bansal, Tarun and Bawa, Arun},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Sustainable Development Using Geospatial Techniques},
  pages = {241--262},
  doi = {10.1002/9781394214426.ch10},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: John Wiley & Sons},
  keywords = {soil mechanics},
  abstract = {This chapter explores how geospatial tools such as remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can help handle flash flood risks. Flash floods, known for their sudden and intense nature, require precise monitoring and rapid responses. Remote sensing uses satellite or drone-observed data collected using optical, Radar, and LiDAR sensors to track precipitation patterns, water levels, and dynamic changes in terrain, enabling timely flood detection and assessment. Integration of remote sensing data with GIS techniques enhances spatial analysis, allowing for the creation of flood maps, hydrological models, and real-time monitoring systems which help in emergency response coordination. Recent advancements in flood monitoring using drone mapping have emerged as a game-changing tool in flash flood management. Drones equipped with advanced sensors provide high-resolution imagery and real-time data from hard-to-reach and hazardous areas, facilitate rapid damage assessment, aid in identifying at-risk locations, and support search and rescue operations. Combining drone-derived data with GIS layers results in more accurate 3D flood models, facilitating visualization and decision-making for emergency responders and decision-makers.The chapter delves into the significance of predictive modeling in flash flood scenarios. Remote sensing data feeds into hydrological models, enabling the simulation of flash flood events and potential outcomes. The generated information helps in preparing for flash floods by identifying vulnerable areas, predicting flood extents, and evaluating potential impacts on infrastructure and communities. The resulting data can be integrated into decision support systems, offering actionable insights for issuing timely alerts, managing evacuations, and allocating resources efficiently. Additionally, the chapter explores the socioeconomic aspects of integrating geospatial techniques in flash flood management, emphasizing the role of collaboration among disaster management agencies, meteorologists, supply chain analysts, and local communities. The power of geospatial visualizations in communicating flood risks to the public is underscored promoting awareness, preparedness, and resilience. The authorities can better reduce the effects of flash floods on vulnerable regions and communities by integrating geospatial tools such as remote sensing, GIS, and drone mapping.}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dudleyn_2016,
  title = {Natural solutions for water management of the future: freshwater protected areas at the 6th World Parks Congress},
  author = {Dudley, N. and Harrison, I. J. and Kettunen, M. and Madgwick, J. and Mauerhofer, Volker},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Aquatic conservation},
  number = {26},
  pages = {121--132},
  doi = {10.1002/aqc.2657},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: John Wiley and Sons Ltd},
  keywords = {biodiversity; catchment; ecosystem services; river; sustainability; wetland; capacity building; ecosystem service; flooding; freshwater environment; future prospect; knowledge; nature conservation; protected area; river system; water availability; water management; water quality; water supply},
  abstract = {Freshwater biodiversity continues to decline. Protected areas are recognized as critical tools in its conservation. Concurrently, despite global efforts to ensure water supplies, billions of people remain without access to pure water. Conversely, flooding kills tens of thousands of people each year. While designated primarily for nature conservation, protected areas supply a range of other ecosystem services to human society. The natural infrastructure they protect should be seen as a key component of water security and improved conservation of ecosystems, and recognized and invested in as a critical tool for water provision and regulation in the landscape. At the 2014 World Parks Congress delegates identified actions needed to maximize the potential of protected areas to contribute to water services: iKnowledge and capacity building: strengthening technical expertise and capacity building with respect to the role of protected areas in water security. iiValuation: to drive positive change in protected area management. iiiPolicy frameworks: covering legal, institutional, economic and social factors that produce a good synergy between protected area management and water security. ivPricing policy: integrating all the information from valuation of the role of protected areas in terms of water supply, regulation and quality. vWater security: considering natural infrastructure as a key investment in addressing water related risks and a legitimate component of water security strategies. viPartnerships: strengthening these across sectors with a wider group of stakeholders to promote the conservation and management of freshwater ecosystems in protected areas. viiLearning lessons from successful water management: by identifying knowledge requirements for legal, institutional, economic and social factors that synergize protected area management and water security management. None of these steps is technically impossible. Providing the right mixture of policies, legislation, economic and social approaches remains the main challenge for their achievement. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.},
  issn = {1052-7613}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_zhangq_2009,
  title = {Trends and abrupt changes of precipitation maxima in the Pearl River basin, China},
  author = {Zhang, Q and Xu, C.-Y. and Becker, S and Zhang, X and Chen, D and Coulibaly, M},
  year = {2009},
  journal = {Atmospheric Science Letters},
  volume = {2},
  number = {10},
  pages = {132--144},
  doi = {10.1002/asl.221},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {atmosphere and hydrosphere sciences},
  abstract = {We applied the Mann-Kendall (MK) test and Bayesian model to systematically explore trends and abrupt changes of the precipitation series in the Pearl River basin. The results showed that no significant trends were detected for annual precipitation and summer or winter precipitation totals. Significant negative trends were identified for the number of rainy days across the Pearl River basin; significant positive trends were observed regarding precipitation intensity (PI). In particular, the precipitation totals and frequencies of extremely high precipitation events are subject to significant positive trends. In addition, the number of extremely low precipitation events was also increasing significantly. Factors affecting the changes in precipitation patterns are the weakening Asian monsoon and consequently increasing moisture transport to Southern China and the Pearl River basin. In summary, the main findings of this study are: (1) increased precipitation variability and high-intensity rainfall was observed though rainy days and low-intensity rainfall have decreased, and (2) the amount of rainfall has changed little but its variability has increased over the time interval divided by change points. These finds indicate potentially increased risk for both agriculture and in locations subject to flooding, both urban and rural, across the Pearl River basin. Copyright (C) 2009 Royal Meteorological Society},
  issn = {1530-261X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hughesdanny_2007,
  title = {An experiment with reflective middleware to support grid-based flood monitoring},
  author = {Hughes, Danny and Greenwood, Phil and Blair, Gordon and Coulson, Geoff and Grace, Paul and Pappenberger, Florian and Smith, Paul and Beven, Keith},
  year = {2007},
  journal = {Concurrency and Computation},
  volume = {11},
  number = {20},
  pages = {1303--1316},
  doi = {10.1002/cpe.1279},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {grid; wsn; middleware},
  abstract = {Flooding is a growing problem, which affects more than 10% of the U.K. population. The cost of damage caused by flooding correlates closely with the warning time given before a flood event, making flood monitoring and prediction critical to minimizing the cost of flood damage. This paper describes a wireless sensor network (WSN) for flood warning, which is capable of not only integrating with remote fixed-network grids for computationally intensive flood modelling purposes but also performing on-site grid computation. This functionality is supported by the reflective and component-based GridKit middleware, which provides support for both WSN and grid application domains. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.},
  issn = {1532-0626}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_janssonroland_2019,
  title = {Smaller future floods imply less habitat for riparian plants along a boreal river},
  author = {Jansson, Roland and Ström, Lotta and Nilsson, Christer},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Ecological Applications},
  volume = {8},
  number = {29},
  pages = {8},
  doi = {10.1002/eap.1977},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: John Wiley & Sons},
  keywords = {climate change; flooding; inundation; niche width; riverbanks; river; water table},
  abstract = {Climate-change projections suggest large changes in riverine flow regime, which will likely alter riparian communities. In northern Europe, forecasts propose lower annual spring flood peaks and higher winter flows, resulting in narrower riparian zones. To estimate the impact of climate change on habitat extent of riparian plants, we developed a framework estimating the sensitivity and exposure of individual species to streamflow change, and surveyed five reaches along the free-flowing Vindel River in northern Sweden. We modeled the hydrologic niche of riparian plant species based on the probability of occurrence along gradients of flood frequency and duration and used predicted future water-level fluctuations (based on climate models and IPCC emission scenarios) to calculate changes in flow-related habitat availability of individual species. Despite projected increases in runoff, we predict most species to decrease in riparian elevational extent by on average 12-29% until the end of the century, depending on scenario. Species growing in the upper, spring-flood-controlled part of the riparian zone will likely lose most habitat, with the largest reductions in species with narrow ranges of inundation duration tolerance (decreases of up to 54%). In contrast, the elevational extent of most amphibious species is predicted to increase, but conditions creating isoetid vegetation will become rarer or disappear: isoetid vegetation is presently found in areas where ice formed in the fall settles on the riverbank during the winter as water levels subside. Higher winter flows will make these conditions rare. We argue that our framework is useful to project the effects of hydrologic change caused by climate change as well as other stressors such as flow regulation also in other regions. With few rivers remaining unaffected by dams and other human stressors, these results call for monitoring to detect species declines. Management to alleviate species losses might include mitigation of habitat degradation from land-use activities, more environmentally friendly flow schemes, and more intensive management options such as mowing riparian meadows no longer regularly maintained by recurrent floods.},
  issn = {1051-0761}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_peacockmichael_2024,
  title = {Water table depth and plant species determine the direction and magnitude of methane fluxes in floodplain meadow soils},
  author = {Peacock, Michael},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Ecology and Evolution},
  number = {14},
  pages = {14},
  doi = {10.1002/ece3.11147},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  abstract = {Methane (CH4) is a powerful greenhouse gas with ongoing efforts aiming to quantify and map emissions from natural and managed ecosystems. Wetlands play a significant role in the global CH4 budget, but uncertainties in their total emissions remain large, due to a combined lack of CH4 data and fuzzy boundaries between mapped ecosystem categories. European floodplain meadows are anthropogenic ecosystems that originated due to traditional management for hay cropping. These ecosystems are seasonally inundated by river water, and straddle the boundary between grassland and wetland ecosystems; however, an understanding of their CH4 function is lacking. Here, we established a replicated outdoor floodplain-meadow mesocosm experiment to test how water table depth (45, 30, 15 cm below the soil surface) and plant composition affect CH4 fluxes over an annual cycle. Water table was a major controller on CH4, with significantly higher fluxes (overall mean 9.3 mg m-2 d-1) from the high (15 cm) water table treatment. Fluxes from high water table mesocosms with bare soil were low (mean 0.4 mg m-2 d-1), demonstrating that vegetation drove high emissions. Larger emissions came from high water table mesocosms with aerenchymatous plant species (e.g. Alopecurus pratensis, mean 12.8 mg m-2 d-1), suggesting a role for plant-mediated transport. However, at low (45 cm) water tables A. pratensis mesocosms were net CH4 sinks, suggesting that there is plasticity in CH4 exchange if aerenchyma are present. Plant cutting to simulate a hay harvest had no effect on CH4, further supporting a role for plant-mediated transport. Upscaling our CH4 fluxes to a UK floodplain meadow using hydrological modelling showed that the meadow was a net CH4 source because oxic periods of uptake were outweighed by flooding-induced anoxic emissions. Our results show that floodplain meadows can be either small sources or sinks of CH4 over an annual cycle. Their CH4 exchange appears to respond to soil temperature, moisture status and community composition, all of which are likely to be modified by climate change, leading to uncertainty around the future net contribution of floodplain meadows to the CH4 cycle.Using a combination of field measurements, mesocosm experiments, and hydrological modelling, we show that UK floodplain meadows are net emitters of the powerful greenhouse gas methane. These emissions are driven by high water tables and plant species with arenchymatous tissue.image},
  issn = {2045-7758}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_lindlovisa_2014,
  title = {Effects of ice and floods on vegetation in streams in cold regions: implications for climate change},
  author = {Lind, Lovisa and Nilsson, Christer and Weber, Christine},
  year = {2014},
  journal = {Ecology and Evolution},
  volume = {21},
  number = {4},
  pages = {4173--4184},
  doi = {10.1002/ece3.1283},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: John Wiley & Sons},
  keywords = {anchor ice; climate change; in-stream mosses; northern sweden; plants; riparian vegetation; streams; winter floods; biology},
  abstract = {Riparian zones support some of the most dynamic and species-rich plant communities in cold regions. A common conception among plant ecologists is that flooding during the season when plants are dormant generally has little effect on the survival and production of riparian vegetation. We show that winter floods may also be of fundamental importance for the composition of riverine vegetation. We investigated the effects of ice formation on riparian and in-stream vegetation in northern Sweden using a combination of experiments and observations in 25 reaches, spanning a gradient from ice-free to ice-rich reaches. The ice-rich reaches were characterized by high production of frazil and anchor ice. In a couple of experiments, we exposed riparian vegetation to experimentally induced winter flooding, which reduced the dominant dwarf-shrub cover and led to colonization of a species-rich forb-dominated vegetation. In another experiment, natural winter floods caused by anchor-ice formation removed plant mimics both in the in-stream and in the riparian zone, further supporting the result that anchor ice maintains dynamic plant communities. With a warmer winter climate, ice-induced winter floods may first increase in frequency because of more frequent shifts between freezing and thawing during winter, but further warming and shortening of the winter might make them less common than today. If ice-induced winter floods become reduced in number because of a warming climate, an important disturbance agent for riparian and in-stream vegetation will be removed, leading to reduced species richness in streams and rivers in cold regions. Given that such regions are expected to have more plant species in the future because of immigration from the south, the distribution of species richness among habitats can be expected to show novel patterns.},
  issn = {2045-7758}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_granathgustaf_2014,
  title = {Hydrological feedbacks in northern peatlands},
  author = {Granath, Gustaf},
  year = {2014},
  journal = {Ecohydrology},
  number = {8},
  pages = {113--127},
  doi = {10.1002/eco.1493},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  abstract = {Northern peatlands provide important global and regional ecosystem services (carbon storage, water storage, and biodiversity). However, these ecosystems face increases in the severity, areal extent and frequency of climate-mediated (e.g. wildfire and drought) and land-use change (e.g. drainage, flooding and mining) disturbances that are placing the future security of these critical ecosystem services in doubt. Here, we provide the first detailed synthesis of autogenic hydrological feedbacks that operate within northern peatlands to regulate their response to changes in seasonal water deficit and varying disturbances. We review, synthesize and critique the current process-based understanding and qualitatively assess the relative strengths of these feedbacks for different peatland types within different climate regions. We suggest that understanding the role of hydrological feedbacks in regulating changes in precipitation and temperature are essential for understanding the resistance, resilience and vulnerability of northern peatlands to a changing climate. Finally, we propose that these hydrological feedbacks also represent the foundation of developing an ecohydrological understanding of coupled hydrological, biogeochemical and ecological feedbacks. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.},
  issn = {1936-0584}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_suxiaolei_2019,
  title = {Variation in hydrochory among lakes and streams: Effects of channel planform, roughness, and currents},
  author = {Su, Xiaolei and Lind, Lovisa and Polvi, Lina E. and Nilsson, Christer},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Ecohydrology},
  volume = {5},
  number = {12},
  pages = {5},
  doi = {10.1002/eco.2091},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: John Wiley & Sons},
  keywords = {connectivity; hydrochory; lakes; northern sweden; process domains; propagule mimics; streams; biodiversity; morphology; restoration; plants (botany); biology},
  abstract = {The configuration of channels in stream networks is vital for their connectivity, biodiversity, and metacommunity dynamics. We compared the capacity of three process domains—lakes, slow-flowing reaches, and rapids—to disperse and retain plant propagules by releasing small wooden cubes as propagule mimics during the spring flood and recording their final locations. We also measured the geomorphic characteristics (planform, longitudinal profile, cross-sectional morphology, and wood) of each process domain. The three process domains all differed in morphology and hydraulics, and those characteristics were important in shaping the transport capacity of mimics. On average, lakes retained more mimics than slow-flowing reaches but did not differ from the retainment of rapids. Living macrophytes were the most efficient element trapping mimics. In rapids and slow-flowing reaches, most trapped mimics remained floating, whereas in lakes, most mimics ended up on the banks. The decay curves of retention varied substantially among and within process domains. The results suggest that managers who rely on natural recovery of restored sites by means of plant immigration may benefit from understanding landscape patterns when deciding upon the location of restoration measures in stream networks.},
  issn = {1936-0584}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hlnimenne_2022,
  title = {Wetland position in the landscape: Impact on water storage and flood buffering},
  author = {Åhlén, Imenne and Thorslund, Josefin and Hambäck, Peter and Destouni, Georgia and Jarsjö, Jerker},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Ecohydrology},
  volume = {7},
  number = {15},
  pages = {7},
  doi = {10.1002/eco.2458},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {ecohydrology; ecosystem services; flood dynamics; nature-based solutions; water storage; wetlands; wetlandscape},
  abstract = {On-going climatic changes and land-use changes may impact water storage dynamics within wetlandscapes (defined as the entire hydrological catchments of interconnected wetland systems). These dynamics are closely linked to many wetland ecosystem services including flood buffering, nutrient retention and biodiversity support. Here, we investigate if and how current water storage dynamics can differ between wetlands within the same wetlandscape. Based on continuous monitoring of water levels in multiple wetlands throughout a growing season (spring, summer, autumn) in Vattholma, Sweden, we show that there are two distinct storage behaviours depending on the position of the wetland within the landscape. Headwater wetland regions were active in temporary storage of surplus water from regular summer rains while water levels of downstream wetlands dropped to seasonal low values without responding to individual summer precipitation events. Thereby, the downstream wetlands maintained capacity to buffer extreme floods. We also found that headwater wetlands were associated with complex and patchy inundation, which causes habitat conditions to vary over short time scales both within and among these wetlands, in contrast to the prolonged low-water state of the downstream wetlands. These differences between headwater-downstream wetlands imply that the functionality of an entire wetlandscape cannot be assessed by simple extrapolation of data from monitoring stations that typically are located downstream of headwater regions. Increased understanding of these differences can support wetland management practices that target location-specific nature-based solutions and ecosystem services. },
  issn = {1936-0584}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_lewisjoshuaa_2017,
  title = {Socioecological disparities in New Orleans following Hurricane Katrina},
  author = {Lewis, Joshua A. and Zipperer, Wayne C. and Ernstson, Henrik and Bernik, Brittany and Hazen, Rebecca and Elmqvist, Thomas and Blum, Michael J.},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Ecosphere},
  volume = {9},
  number = {8},
  pages = {9},
  doi = {10.1002/ecs2.1922},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {abandonment; disturbance; environmental justice; resilience; urban ecology; vegetation},
  abstract = {Despite growing interest in urban resilience, remarkably little is known about vegetation dynamics in the aftermath of disasters. In this study, we examined the composition and structure of plant communities across New Orleans (Louisiana, USA) following catastrophic flooding triggered by levee failures during Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Focusing on eight neighborhoods that span a range of demographic and topographical conditions, we assessed whether plant communities in post-Katrina New Orleans reflect flooding disturbance and post-disaster landscape management policies. We then contextualized vegetation patterns and associated ecosystem services and disservices with census-based demographic trends and indepth interviews to draw inferences about the drivers and outcomes of urban land abandonment in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. We found that areas subject to the greatest flooding disturbance exhibit the highest rates of vegetation response. Disturbance intensity and elevation, however, are relatively weak drivers of vegetation differences among the studied neighborhoods. Rather, we found that household income, racial demographics, and land abandonment are important drivers of vegetation community composition and structure across the city. Our findings indicate that resettlement and landscape management policies can mediate post-flooding ecological outcomes and demonstrate that unmanaged, emergent vegetation on abandoned lands can be an environmental justice concern in underserved and historically marginalized communities.},
  issn = {2150-8925}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_plummerryan_2017,
  title = {Flood Governance: A multiple country comparison of stakeholder perceptions and aspirations},
  author = {Plummer, Ryan and Baird, Julia and Bullock, Ryan and Dzyundzyak, Angela and Dupont, Diane and Gerger Swartling, Åsa and Johannessen, Åse and Huitema, Dave and Lyth, Anna and de Lourdes Melo Zurita, Maria and Munaretto, Stefania and Smith, Timothy and Thomsen, Dana},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Environmental Policy and Governance},
  volume = {2},
  number = {28},
  pages = {67--81},
  doi = {10.1002/eet.1796},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {flood governance; floods; perceptions of governance},
  abstract = {Flooding is routinely among the most disastrous annual events worldwide with extensive impacts on human wellbeing, economies and ecosystems. Thus, how decisions are made about floods (i.e. flood governance) is extremely important and evidence shows that it is changing, with non-governmental actors (civil society and the private sector) becoming involved in new and sometimes hybrid governance arrangements. This study investigates how stakeholders perceive floods to be governed and how they believe decision-making ought to occur, with the intent of determining to what extent changing governance is evident on the ground and how well (or poorly) it aligns with desired governance arrangements. Flood governance stakeholders were surveyed in five flood-prone geographical areas from Australia, Canada, Italy, the Netherlands and Sweden. The findings suggest that a reconfiguration of flood governance is underway with relatively little consensus regarding the specific arrangements and mechanisms in place during this transitionary period. Across the five cases, stakeholders indicated that they wanted flood governance to be organized at multiple levels, with strong government involvement and with diverse actor groups, and through mechanisms that match the involvement of these actors, with a lack of desirability for some specific configurations involving the private sector in particular. There was little alignment between stakeholder perceptions of governance currently in place and their desired arrangements, except for government involvement. Future research directions highlight the importance of the inclusion of stakeholder perspectives in assessing flood governance, and following the transition in flood governance over time.},
  issn = {1756-932X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_carterjeremygraham_2024,
  title = {Towards Catchment Scale Natural Flood Management: Developing evidence, funding and governance approaches},
  author = {Carter, Jeremy Graham and Karvonen, Andrew and Winter, Amanda},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Environmental Policy and Governance},
  volume = {6},
  number = {34},
  pages = {553--567},
  doi = {10.1002/eet.2101},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {catchment; climate change adaptation; co-benefits; flooding; natural flood management; nature-based solutions},
  abstract = {Natural flood management is emerging as a viable way to leverage ecological services to manage flooding. Stakeholders are progressively positioning natural flood management at the scale of river catchments to encourage a move beyond localised and opportunistic actions towards more strategic and cost-effective flood risk management responses. This reflects a broader turn towards nature-based solutions, acknowledgement of the climate change adaptation imperative, and recognition that natural flood management can achieve multiple socio-economic and biophysical co-benefits. A particular set of issues connected to the specific characteristics of natural flood management are influencing attempts to move towards the catchment scale. This paper identifies evidence, funding and governance as key to understanding the challenges facing natural flood management in this context, with these issues providing a focus for the identification of strategies to move towards catchment scale outcomes. A case study exploring the Irwell catchment in Northwest England provides empirical insights on these themes and identifies approaches that can support the transition towards catchment scale natural flood management. This paper calls for wider implementation of experimental approaches in this field focused on multi-faceted evaluation, blended financing and strategic intermediaries to help overcome overarching evidence, funding and governance challenges to making this transition.},
  issn = {1756-932X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_piretloic_2020,
  title = {High-resolution fjord sediment record of a receding glacier with growing intermediate proglacial lake (Steffen Fjord, Chilean Patagonia)},
  author = {Piret, Loic and Bertrand, Sebastien and Hawkings, Jon and Kylander, Malin E. and Torrejón, Fernando and Amann, Benjamin and Wadham, Jemma},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Earth Surface Processes and Landforms},
  volume = {1},
  number = {46},
  pages = {239--251},
  doi = {10.1002/esp.5015},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {chilean fjord; fjord sediment; grain size; glof; glacier variability},
  abstract = {Proglacial lakes are effective sediment traps but their impact on the reliability of downstream sediment records to reconstruct glacier variability remains unclear. Here, we investigate the sedimentary signature of the recent recession of Steffen Glacier (Chilean Patagonia, 47 degrees S) in downstream fjord sediments, with a focus on identifying the trapping (decreased downstream sediment yield) and filtering (removal of coarse particles) effectiveness of a growing intermediate proglacial lake. Four sediment cores were collected along a 14 km longitudinal transect in Steffen Fjord and the sediment physical and chemical properties were compared with aerial imagery at high temporal resolution. The caesium-137 (Cs-137) chronology of the most distal core and sediment trap data suggest that sediment accumulation in the fjord remained relatively stable through time, despite the accelerating glacier recession and the growth of Steffen proglacial lake. This is in contrast with many studies that indicate a decrease in sediment yield during proglacial lake expansion. It implies that the increase in sediment export due to accelerating meltwater production may be balanced by the sediment trapping effect of the growing proglacial lake. The fjord sediments show a slight fining upward accompanied by a marked decrease in flood-induced grain-size peaks, most likely due to the increasing filtering and dampening effect of the expanding proglacial lake. Our findings show that the filtering effect of the proglacial lake reached a threshold in 1985, when the lake attained an area of 2.02 km(2). The additional 5 km of glacier recession during the following 32 years did not have any significant impact on downstream sedimentation. This study confirms that proglacial lakes act as sediment traps but it indicates that (1) the trapping effect can be outpaced by accelerating glacier recession and (2) the filtering effect becomes stable once the lake attains a certain critical size.},
  issn = {0197-9337}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_johnsonmatthewf_2024,
  title = {Accounting for the power of nature: Using flume and field studies to compare the capacities of bio-energy and fluvial energy to move surficial gravels},
  author = {Johnson, Matthew F. and Albertson, Lindsey K. and Everall, Nicholas C. and Harvey, Gemma L. and Mason, Richard and Pledger, Andrew and Rice, Stephen P. and Thorne, Colin R.},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Earth Surface Processes and Landforms},
  volume = {9},
  number = {49},
  pages = {2612--2627},
  doi = {10.1002/esp.5846},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: John Wiley & Sons},
  keywords = {bedload; biogeomorphology; ecohydraulics; ecosystem engineering; gravel-bed rivers; sediment transport; stream power; zoogeomorphology},
  abstract = {River channels, riparian and floodplain forms and dynamics are all influenced strongly by biological processes. However, the influence of macroinvertebrates on entrainment and transport of river sediments remains poorly understood. We use an energy-based approach to explore the capacity of benthic animals to move surficial, gravel-bed particles in field and laboratory settings and use the results to assess the relative significance of biological and physical benthic processes. Our results showed that in 11 British gravel-bed rivers, the maximum energy content (i.e., calorific content) of macroinvertebrate communities generally matched the flow energy associated with median discharges and, at multiple sites, exceeded that of the 10-year return interval flood. A series of laboratory experiments used to estimate the minimum energy expended by signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) when performing geomorphic work established that crayfish move gravel particles at energy levels below that expected of the flow, complicating direct comparisons of the capacity for macroinvertebrates and fluvial flows to influence bed mobility. Our findings suggest that the influence of macroinvertebrate communities in either promoting or suppressing, the mobilisation of the bed may be large compared to equivalent values of fluvial energy. Based on these findings, we conclude that in the gravel-bed rivers studied, the macroinvertebrate community's potential to perform geomorphic work matches or exceeds the stream power during most of the year. Although our study examined biological and fluvial energy systems separately, it is important to recognise that in nature, these systems are highly interactive. It follows that utilising the energy framework presented in this paper could lead to rapid advances in both fluvial biogeomorphology and river management and restoration.},
  issn = {0197-9337}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_yankun_2015,
  title = {A review of low-cost space-borne data for flood modelling: topography, flood extent and water level},
  author = {Yan, Kun and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Solomatine, Dimitri P. and Schumann, Guy J-P},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Hydrological Processes},
  volume = {15},
  number = {29},
  pages = {3368--3387},
  doi = {10.1002/hyp.10449},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {low-cost space-borne data; hydraulic modelling; sar imagery; srtm topography; radar altimetry},
  abstract = {During the last two decades, remote sensing data have led to tremendous progress in advancing flood inundation modelling. In particular, low-cost space-borne data can be invaluable for large-scale flood studies in data-scarce areas. Various satellite products yield valuable information such as land surface elevation, flood extent and water level, which could potentially contribute to various flood studies. An increasing number of research studies have been dedicated to exploring those low-cost data towards building, calibration and evaluation, and remote-sensed information assimilation into hydraulic models. This paper aims at reviewing these recent scientific efforts on the integration of low-cost space-borne remote sensing data with flood modelling. Potentials and limitations of those data in flood modelling are discussed. This paper also introduces the future satellite missions and anticipates their likely impacts in flood modelling.},
  issn = {0885-6087}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_metcalfepeter_2017,
  title = {A modelling framework for evaluation of the hydrological impacts of nature-based approaches to flood risk management, with application to in-channel interventions across a 29-km(2) scale catchment in the United Kingdom},
  author = {Metcalfe, Peter and Beven, Keith and Hankin, Barry and Lamb, Rob},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Hydrological Processes},
  volume = {9},
  number = {31},
  pages = {1734--1748},
  doi = {10.1002/hyp.11140},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: WILEY},
  keywords = {flood hydraulics; natural flood risk management; nature-based solutions; semidistributed hydrological models},
  abstract = {Nature-based approaches to flood risk management are increasing in popularity. Evidence for the effectiveness at the catchment scale of such spatially distributed upstream measures is inconclusive. However, it also remains an open question whether, under certain conditions, the individual impacts of a collection of flood mitigation interventions could combine to produce a detrimental effect on runoff response. A modelling framework is presented for evaluation of the impacts of hillslope and in-channel natural flood management interventions. It couples an existing semidistributed hydrological model with a new, spatially explicit, hydraulic channel network routing model. The model is applied to assess a potential flood mitigation scheme in an agricultural catchment in North Yorkshire, United Kingdom, comprising various configurations of a single variety of in-channel feature. The hydrological model is used to generate subsurface and surface fluxes for a flood event in 2012. The network routing model is then applied to evaluate the response to the addition of up to 59 features. Additional channel and floodplain storage of approximately 70,000m(3) is seen with a reduction of around 11% in peak discharge. Although this might be sufficient to reduce flooding in moderate events, it is inadequate to prevent flooding in the double-peaked storm of the magnitude that caused damage within the catchment in 2012. Some strategies using features specific to this catchment are suggested in order to improve the attenuation that could be achieved by applying a nature-based approach.},
  issn = {0885-6087}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mattibettina_2017,
  title = {Flood seasonality across Scandinavia—Evidence of a shifting hydrograph?},
  author = {Matti, Bettina and Dahlke, Helen E. and Dieppois, Bastien and Lawler, Damian M. and Lyon, Steve W.},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Hydrological Processes},
  volume = {24},
  number = {31},
  pages = {4354--4370},
  doi = {10.1002/hyp.11365},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {circular statistics; flood seasonality; mann-kendall test; scandinavia; trend analysis},
  abstract = {Fluvial flood events have substantial impacts on humans, both socially and economically, as well as on ecosystems (e.g., hydroecology and pollutant transport). Concurrent with climate change, the seasonality of flooding in cold environments is expected to shift from a snowmelt-dominated to a rainfall-dominated flow regime. This would have profound impacts on water management strategies, that is, flood risk mitigation, drinking water supply, and hydro power. In addition, cold climate hydrological systems exhibit complex interactions with catchment properties and large-scale climate fluctuations making the manifestation of changes difficult to detect and predict. Understanding a possible change in flood seasonality and defining related key drivers therefore is essential to mitigate risk and to keep management strategies viable under a changing climate. This study explores changes in flood seasonality across near-natural catchments in Scandinavia using circular statistics and trend tests. Results indicate strong seasonality in flooding for snowmelt-dominated catchments with a single peak occurring in spring and early summer (March through June), whereas flood peaks are more equally distributed throughout the year for catchments located close to the Atlantic coast and in the south of the study area. Flood seasonality has changed over the past century seen as decreasing trends in summer maximum daily flows and increasing winter and spring maximum daily flows with 5-35% of the catchments showing significant changes at the 5% significance level. Seasonal mean daily flows corroborate those findings with higher percentages (5-60%) of the catchments showing statistically significant changes. Alterations in annual flood occurrence also point towards a shift in flow regime from snowmelt-dominated to rainfall-dominated with consistent changes towards earlier timing of the flood peak (significant for 25% of the catchments). Regionally consistent patterns suggest a first-order climate control as well as a local second-order catchment control, which causes inter-seasonal variability in the streamflow response.},
  issn = {0885-6087}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_vorobyevsergeyn_2019,
  title = {Biogeochemistry of dissolved carbon, major, and trace elements during spring flood periods on the Ob River},
  author = {Vorobyev, Sergey N. and Pokrovsky, Oleg S. and Kolesnichenko, Larisa G. and Manasypov, Rinat M. and Shirokova, Liudmila S. and Karlsson, Jan and Kirpotin, Sergey N.},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Hydrological Processes},
  volume = {11},
  number = {33},
  pages = {1579--1594},
  doi = {10.1002/hyp.13424},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: John Wiley & Sons},
  keywords = {baseflow; colloids; flood; lakes; metals; organic carbon; riparian zone; rivers; siberia; underground waters},
  abstract = {Detailed knowledge of the flood period of Arctic rivers remains one of the few factors impeding rigorous prediction of the effect of climate change on carbon and related element fluxes from the land to the Arctic Ocean. In order to test the temporal and spatial variability of element concentration in the Ob River (western Siberia) water during flood period and to quantify the contribution of spring flood period to the annual element export, we sampled the main channel year round in 2014-2017 for dissolved C, major, and trace element concentrations. We revealed high stability (approximately <= 10% relative variation) of dissolved C, major, and trace element concentrations in the Ob River during spring flood period over a 1-km section of the river channel and over 3 days continuous monitoring (3-hr frequency). We identified two groups of elements with contrasting relationship to discharge: (a) DIC and soluble elements (Cl, SO4, Li, B, Na, Mg, Ca, P, V, Cr, Mn, As, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ba, W, and U) negatively correlated (p < 0.05) with discharge and exhibited minimal concentrations during spring flood and autumn high flow and (b) DOC and particle-reactive elements (Al, Fe, Ti, Y, Zr, Nb, Cs, REEs, Hf, Tl, Pb, and Th), some nutrients (K), and metalloids (Ge, Sb, and Te), positively correlated (p < 0.05) with discharge and showed the highest concentrations during spring flood. We attribute the decreased concentration of soluble elements with discharge to dilution by groundwater feeding and increased concentration of DOC and particle-reactive metals with discharge to leaching from surface soil, plant litter, and suspended particles. Overall, the present study provides first-order assessment of fluxes of major and trace elements in the middle course of the Ob River, reveals their high temporal and spatial stability, and characterizes the mechanism of river water chemical composition acquisition.},
  issn = {0885-6087}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_wagenerthorsten_2021,
  title = {Knowledge gaps in our perceptual model of Great Britain's hydrology},
  author = {Wagener, Thorsten and Dadson, Simon J. and Hannah, David M. and Coxon, Gemma and Beven, Keith and Bloomfield, John P. and Buytaert, Wouter and Cloke, Hannah L. and Bates, Paul and Holden, Joseph and Parry, Louise and Lamb, Rob and Chappell, Nick A. and Fry, Matthew and Old, Gareth},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Hydrological Processes},
  volume = {7},
  number = {35},
  pages = {7},
  doi = {10.1002/hyp.14288},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: John Wiley & Sons},
  keywords = {catchments; hydrology; knowledge gaps; perceptual model; science questions},
  abstract = {There is a no lack of significant open questions in the field of hydrology. How will hydrological connectivity between freshwater bodies be altered by future human alterations to the hydrological cycle? Where does water go when it rains? Or what is the future space-time variability of flood and drought events? However, the answers to these questions will vary with location due to the specific and often poorly understood local boundary conditions and system properties that control the functional behaviour of a catchment or any other hydrologic control volume. We suggest that an open, shared and evolving perceptual model of a region's hydrology is critical to tailor our science questions, as it would be for any other study domain from the plot to the continental scale. In this opinion piece, we begin to discuss the elements of and point out some knowledge gaps in the perceptual model of the terrestrial water cycle of Great Britain. We discuss six major knowledge gaps and propose four key ways to reduce them. While the specific knowledge gaps in our perceptual model do not necessarily transfer to other places, we believe that the development of such perceptual models should be at the core of the debate for all hydrologic communities, and we encourage others to have a similar debate for their hydrologic domain.},
  issn = {0885-6087}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_chenaifang_2021,
  title = {Multidecadal variability of the Tonle Sap Lake flood pulse regime},
  author = {Chen, Aifang and Liu, J. G. and Kummu, M. and Varis, O. and Tang, Q. H. and Mao, G. Q. and Wang, J. and Chen, Deliang},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Hydrological Processes},
  volume = {9},
  number = {35},
  pages = {9},
  doi = {10.1002/hyp.14327},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {cambodia; climate change; inundation area; mekong; water level; mekong river-basin; water infrastructure development; asian summer; monsoon; climate-change; hydrological alterations; southeast-asia; el-nino; hydropower; impact; water resources},
  abstract = {Tonle Sap Lake (TSL) is one of the world's most productive lacustrine ecosystems, driven by the Mekong River's seasonal flood pulse. This flood pulse and its long-term dynamics under the Mekong River basin's (MRB) fast socio-economic development and climate change need to be identified and understood. However, existing studies fall short of sufficient time coverage or concentrate only on changes in water level (WL) that is only one of the critical flood pulse parameters influencing the flood pulse ecosystem productivity. Considering the rapidly changing hydroclimatic conditions in the Mekong basin, it is crucial to systematically analyse the changes in multiple key flood pulse parameters. Here, we aim to do that by using observed WL data for 1960-2019 accompanied with several parameters derived from a Digital Bathymetry Model. Results show significant declines of WL and inundation area from the late 1990s in the dry season and for the whole year, on top of increased subdecadal variability. Decreasing (increasing) probabilities of high (low) inundation area for 2000-2019 have been found, in comparison to the return period of inundation area for 1986-2000 (1960-1986). The mean seasonal cycle of daily WL in dry (wet) season for 2000-2019, compared to that for 1986-2000, has shifted by 10 (5) days. Significant correlations and coherence changes between the WL and large-scale circulations (i.e., El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)), indicate that the atmospheric circulations could have influenced the flood pulse in different time scales. Also, the changes in discharge at the Mekong mainstream suggest that anthropogenic drivers may have impacted the high water levels in the lake. Overall, our results indicate a declining flood pulse since the late 1990s.},
  issn = {0885-6087}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_lannergrdemma_2021,
  title = {Turbidity-discharge hysteresis in a meso-scale catchment: The importance of intermediate scale events},
  author = {Lannergård, Emma and Fölster, Jens and Futter, Martyn},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Hydrological Processes},
  number = {35},
  pages = {35},
  doi = {10.1002/hyp.14435},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  abstract = {In-situ sensors for riverine water quality monitoring are a powerful tool to describe temporal variations when efficient and informative analyses are applied to the large quantities of data collected. Concentration-discharge hysteresis patterns observed during storm events give insights into headwater catchment processes. However, the applicability of this approach to larger catchments is less well known. Here, we evaluate the potential for high-frequency turbidity-discharge (Q) hysteresis patterns to give insights into processes operating in a meso-scale (722 km(2)) northern mixed land use catchment. As existing event identification methods did not work, we developed a new, objective method based on hydrograph characteristics and identified 76 events for further analysis. Qualitative event analysis identified three recurring patterns. Events with low mean Q (<= 2 m(3)/s) often showed short-term, quasi-periodic turbidity variation, to a large extent disconnected from Q variation. High max Q events (>= 15 m(3)/s) were often associated with spring flood or snowmelt, and showed a disconnection between turbidity and Q. Intermediate Q events (mean Q: 2-11 m(3)/s) were the most informative when applying hysteresis indexes, since changes in turbidity and Q were actually connected. Hysteresis indexes could be calculated on a subset of 60 events, which showed heterogeneous responses: 38% had a clockwise response, 12% anticlockwise, 12% figure eight (clockwise-anticlockwise), 10% reverse figure eight (anticlockwise-clockwise) and 28% showed a complex response. Clockwise hysteresis responses were associated with the wetter winter and spring seasons. Generally, changes in Q and turbidity were small during anticlockwise hysteresis events. Precipitation often influenced figure-eight patterns, while complex patterns often occurred during summer low flows. Analysis of intermediate Q events can improve process understanding of meso-scale catchments and possibly aid in choosing appropriate management actions for targeting a specific observed pattern.},
  issn = {0885-6087}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_karimishirin_2023,
  title = {Local‐and network‐scale influence of peatlands on boreal catchment response to rainfall events},
  author = {Karimi, Shirin and Leach, Jason and Huseby Karlsen, Reinert and Seibert, Jan and Bishop, Kevin and Laudon, Hjalmar},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Hydrological Processes},
  number = {37},
  pages = {37},
  doi = {10.1002/hyp.14998},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  abstract = {Boreal catchments are composed of different land covers, such as forests, peatlands and lakes, which differ in their runoff response to rainfall events. Understanding the individual and combined responses to rainfall events of these different land cover types is crucial for predicting potential impacts of future climate conditions on boreal water cycling. A common assumption is that peatlands attenuate peak flows, which is used as a motivation to restore drained boreal wetlands. However, it remains unclear how and to what extent peatlands can affect peak flow response. Only a few previous studies have looked at the hydrologic dynamics of peatlands in response to specific rainfall events across a wide range of nested sub-catchments with varying peatland cover. In this study, we use nine years of hourly hydrometric data from 14 catchments within the Krycklan Catchment Study in northern Sweden to examine how peatlands contribute to flood attenuation at both local and stream network scales. Our analysis at the local scale demonstrated that during large events with low antecedent wetness conditions, peatland-dominated catchment exhibited more muted responses compared to the similar-sized forest-dominated catchment. However, during events with high antecedent wetness conditions, the peatland-dominated catchment exhibited flood magnitudes similar to the forest-dominated catchment, although the elevated flow condition at the peatland-dominated catchment persisted for longer periods. Finally, our analysis revealed no significant influence of peatlands on the attenuation or amplification of floods at the stream network scale.},
  issn = {0885-6087}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_zuodaxing_2024,
  title = {Spatial patterns of short-term extreme precipitation and their causes},
  author = {Zuo, Daxing and Wu, Chunyi and Wu, Lichuan and Zheng, Yanhui and Chen, Xiaohong and Wang, Lina and Zang, Chuanfu},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Hydrological Processes},
  volume = {7},
  number = {38},
  pages = {7},
  doi = {10.1002/hyp.15227},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: John Wiley & Sons},
  keywords = {extreme precipitation event; guangdong province; precipitation spatial patterns; self-organizing map neural network; weather background},
  abstract = {The spatial distribution of extreme precipitation significantly affects flow-producing processes and flooding. Previous studies on heavy rainfall have mainly emphasized the temporal distribution characteristics, with little emphasis on rainfall spatial patterns. We objectively classified 3-h scale extreme precipitation spatial patterns (EPSPs) in Guangdong Province, China. We calculated the importance of the influencing factors on EPSPs, analysed weather backgrounds corresponding to various EPSPs, and explained the causes of extreme precipitation. We found that the incidence of most EPSPs increased significantly over this 40-year period, and this increase has been particularly pronounced since the beginning of the 21st century. The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) was found to be the main factor influencing the extreme precipitation events (EPEs) in western Guangdong, and the weakening of the PDO contributed to the occurrence of EPEs in these areas. Urbanization was the main factor contributing to the increase in EPEs in the southern and coastal areas of Guangdong. The EPSPs in central Guangdong were caused by a southwest jet stream and topographic uplift. Extreme precipitation in southern and coastal Guangdong was mainly triggered by the convergent shear of southwesterly winds. The EPSPs over western Guangdong were caused by the low vortex in western Guangdong and the influx of large amounts of water vapour from the southern ocean. This study has provided new ideas for the study of the formation process and mechanism of localized heavy precipitation as well as an important reference for the simulation of runoff in coastal areas.},
  issn = {0885-6087}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_gudkanongudet_2024,
  title = {Geostatistical Interpolation Approach for Improving Flood Simulation Within a Data-Scarce Region in the Tibetan Plateau},
  author = {Guédé, Kanon Guédet and Yu, Zhongbo and Hofmeister, Florentin and Gu, Huanghe and Mohammadi, Babak and Chen, Xuegao and Lin, Hui and Shen, Tongqing and Gouertoumbo, Willy Franz},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Hydrological Processes},
  volume = {11},
  number = {38},
  pages = {11},
  doi = {10.1002/hyp.15336},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: John Wiley & Sons Inc.},
  abstract = {The complex orography of the Tibetan plateau (TP) and the scarcity and uneven spatial distribution of meteorological stations present significant challenges in accurately estimating meteorological variables for hydrological simulations. This study aims to enhance the accuracy of daily precipitation and temperature interpolation for hydrological simulations in the Lhasa River Basin (LRB), particularly during flood events. We evaluate and compare the performance of deterministic Inverse Distance Weighting—IDW and geostatistical (Ordinary Kriging—OK and Kriging with External Drift—KED) interpolation methods for estimating precipitation and temperature patterns. Subsequently, we investigate the influence of different interpolation methods on hydrological simulations by using the interpolated meteorological data as input for the Water Balance Simulation Model (WaSiM) to simulate daily discharge in the LRB. Our results revealed that geostatistical methods, specifically OK and KED, are more effective in capturing the spatial variability and anisotropy inherent in precipitation patterns influenced by the Indian summer monsoons. In addition, the KED method effectively captured the daily variation of the temperature lapse rate, indicating the inadequacy of using a constant lapse rate for hydrological modelling in high-elevation regions like the TP. The geostatistical technique outperformed the Deterministic method, with KED realising the best temperature and precipitation interpolation performance based on cross-validation results. However, although KED provides superior results based on cross-validation performance, applying its precipitation interpolation as input into WaSiM led to the poorest discharge simulation. The combination of OK for precipitation and KED for temperature produced the most accurate discharge simulations in the LRB, highlighting the importance of not solely relying on cross-validation results but also considering the practical implications of interpolation methods on hydrological model outputs. Our study offers a robust framework for improving flood simulations and water resource management in a data-scarce, high-elevation region like the TP.},
  issn = {0885-6087}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_lehningmichael_2006,
  title = {ALPINE3D: a detailed model of mountain surface processes and its application to snow hydrology},
  author = {Lehning, Michael and Voelksch, Ingo and Gustafsson, David and Nguyen, Tuan Anh and Staehli, Manfred and Zappa, Massimiliano},
  year = {2006},
  journal = {Hydrological Processes},
  volume = {10},
  number = {20},
  pages = {2111--2128},
  doi = {10.1002/hyp.6204},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {alpine3d; modelling; snow hydrology; physical snoatack model; water-balance; part i; catchment; interception; simulations; forest; sublimation; vegetation; patterns},
  abstract = {Current models of snow cover distribution, soil moisture. surface runoff and river discharge typically have very simple parameterizations of surface processes, such as degree-day factors or single-layer snow cover representation. For the purpose of reproducing catchment runoff, simple snowmelt routines have proven to be accurate, provided that they are carefully calibrated specifically for the catchment they are applied to. The use of more detailed models is, however. useful to understand and quantify the role of individual surface processes for catchment hydrology, snow cover status and soil moisture distribution. We introduce ALPINE3D, a model for the high-resolution simulation of alpine surface processes. in particular snow processes. The model can be driven by measurements from automatic weather stations or by meteorological model outputs. As a preprocessing alternative, specific high-resolution meteorological fields can be created by running a meteorological model. The core three-dimensional ALPINE3D modules consist of a radiation balance model (which uses a view-factor approach and includes shortwave scattering and Ion-wave emission from terrain and tall vegetation) and a drifting snow model solving a diffusion equation for suspended snow and a saltation transport equation. The processes in the atmosphere are thus treated in three dimensions and are coupled to a distributed (in the hydrological sense of having a spatial representation of the catchment properties) one-dimensional model of vegetation, snow and soil (SNOWPACK) using the assumption that lateral exchange is small in these media. The model is completed by a conceptual runoff module. The model can be run with a choice of modules, thus generating more or less detailed surface forcing data as input for runoff generation simulations. The model modules can be run in a parallel (distributed) mode using a GRID infrastructure to allow computationally demanding tasks. In a case study from the Dischma Valley in eastern Switzerland, we demonstrate that the model is able to simulate snow distribution as seen from a NOAA advanced very high-resolution radiometer image. We then analyse the sensitivity of simulated snow cover distribution and catchment runoff to the use of different surface process descriptions. We compare model runoff simulations with runoff data from 10 consecutive years. The quantitative analysis shows that terrain influence on the radiation processes has a significant influence on catchment hydrology dynamics. Neglecting the role of vegetation and the spatial variability of the soil, on the other hand, had a much smaller influence on the runoff generation dynamics. We conclude that ALPINE3D is a valuable tool to investigate surface dynamics in mountains. It is currently used to investigate snow cover dynamics for avalanche warning and permafrost development and vegetation changes under climate change scenarios. It could also serve to test the output of simpler soil - vegetation - atmosphere transfer schemes used in larger scale climate or meteorological models and to create accurate soil moisture assessments for meteorological and flood forecasting.},
  issn = {0885-6087}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_horrittms_2007,
  title = {Comparing the performance of a 2-D finite element and a 2-D finite volume model of floodplain inundation using airborne SAR imagery},
  author = {HORRITT, MS and DI BALDASSARRE, G and BATES, PD and BRATH, A},
  year = {2007},
  journal = {HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES},
  number = {21},
  pages = {2745--2759},
  doi = {10.1002/hyp.6486},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  abstract = {The performances of a finite volume model (SFV) and finite element model (TELEMAC‐2D) in reproducing inundation on a 16 km reach of the river Severn, United Kingdom, are compared. Predicted inundation extents are compared with 4 airborne synthetic aperture radar images of a major flood event in November 2000, and these are used to calibrate 2 values of Manning's n for the channel and floodplain. The four images are shown to have different capacities to constrain roughness parameters, with the image acquired at low flow rate doing better in determining these parameters than the image acquired at approximately peak flow. This is assigned to the valley filling nature of the flood and the associated insensitivity of flood extent to changes in water level. The level of skill demonstrated by the models, when compared with inundation derived using a horizontal water free surface, also increases as flow rate drops. The two models show markedly different behaviours to the calibration process, with TELEMAC showing less sensitivity and lower optimum values for Manning's n than SFV. When the models are used in predictive mode, calibrated against one image and predicting another, SFV performs better than TELEMAC. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.},
  issn = {0885-6087}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_wilbyrl_2007,
  title = {Climate change and fluvial flood risk in the UK: More of the same?},
  author = {Wilby, R.L. and Beven, Keith J. and Reynolds, N.S.},
  year = {2007},
  journal = {Hydrological Processes},
  volume = {14},
  number = {22},
  pages = {2511--2523},
  doi = {10.1002/hyp.6847},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {climate change; flood risk; detection; land use; adaptation; uncertainty; earth sciences},
  abstract = {The potential impact of climate change on fluvial flooding is receiving considerable scientific and political interest thanks to evidence from climate model projections and a widely held belief that flood risk may be increasing at European levels. This review compares published work on historical trends in UK rainfall and river flow records with high-resolution regional climate change projections, and attempts to reconcile apparent differences between the two. Attention is focused on the techniques used for climate change detection and attribution, as well as the potential confounding effects of land-use change. International and domestic efforts to build adaptive capacity rest on improved quantification of uncertainty in flood risk at very local, catchment and regional scales. This will involve further research to better integrate climate and land-management interactions, to understand changes in the dependence between different flood generating mechanisms, and to improve the characterization and communication of uncertainty at all stages of analysis. Resources are also needed to ensure that latest, but still uncertain, science is presented in an appropriate form to underpin policy development and is translated into sensible guidance for practitioners.},
  issn = {0885-6087}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_asokanshilpam_2008,
  title = {Analysis of water resources in the Mahanadi River Basin, India under projected climate conditions},
  author = {Asokan, Shilpa M. and Dutta, Dushmanta},
  year = {2008},
  journal = {Hydrological Processes},
  volume = {18},
  number = {22},
  pages = {3589--3603},
  doi = {10.1002/hyp.6962},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {climate change; distributed hydrologic model; general circulation model; water availability and demand; mahanadi river basin},
  abstract = {The paper presents the outcomes of a study conducted to analyse water resources availability and demand in the Mahanadi River Basin in India under climate change conditions. Climate change impact analysis was carried out for the years 2000, 2025, 2050, 2075 and 2100, for the months of September and April (representing wet and dry months), at a sub-catchment level. A physically based distributed hydrologic model (DHM) was used for estimation of the present water availability. For future scenarios under climate change conditions, precipitation output of Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis General Circulation Model (CGCM2) was used as the input data for the DHM. The model results show that the highest increase in peak runoff (38%) in the Mahanadi River outlet will occur during September, for the period 2075-2100 and the maximum decrease in average runoff (32·5%) will be in April, for the period 2050-2075. The outcomes indicate that the Mahanadi River Basin is expected to experience progressively increasing intensities of flood in September and drought in April over the considered years. The sectors of domestic, irrigation and industry were considered for water demand estimation. The outcomes of the analysis on present water use indicated a high water abstraction by the irrigation sector. Future water demand shows an increasing trend until 2050, beyond which the demand will decrease owing to the assumed regulation of population explosion. From the simulated future water availability and projected water demand, water stress was computed. Among the six sub-catchments, the sub-catchment six shows the peak water demand. This study hence emphasizes on the need for re-defining water management policies, by incorporating hydrological response of the basin to the long-term climate change, which will help in developing appropriate flood and drought mitigation measures at the basin level.},
  issn = {0885-6087}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_peacockmichael_2025,
  title = {The Sponge Analogy Problem: Moving Towards Clearer Communication of Peatland Hydrological Processes},
  author = {Peacock, Michael},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Hydrological Processes},
  number = {39},
  pages = {39},
  doi = {10.1002/hyp.70267},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Wiley: 12 months},
  abstract = {Peatlands are important habitats that provide a range of ecosystem services, one of which is hydrological regulation. Depending on landscape position, healthy peatlands can reduce flood risk and provide resilience to drought, while degraded peatlands can exacerbate these hydrological disturbances. There is, however, a lack of clear scientific communication, particularly in the media, and misguided public perceptions of the underlying processes that control peatland hydrological regulation. The 'sponge analogy', which compares peatlands to sponges which soak up water during rainfall and release it slowly later, contributes to this miscommunication by often oversimplifying the hydrological processes. In this paper we aim to understand why and how the sponge analogy is used, and to offer alternatives for clearer scientific communication. We present an analysis of media articles covering peatland hydrology, and the results of a UK survey of peatland practitioners, with a particular emphasis on the use of the sponge analogy and more descriptive alternatives. We show that the sponge analogy is widely used as a convenient explanation even when it is known to be inaccurate by practitioners. To more clearly communicate the hydrological processes in popular media, we suggest the alternative phrases 'slow the flow' and 'dampen the droughts' as more accurate descriptions of flood- limiting and drought- reducing peatland hydrological processes.},
  issn = {0885-6087}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_zhangqiang_2008,
  title = {Multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis of streamflow series of the Yangtze River basin, China},
  author = {Zhang, Qiang and Xu, Chong-Yu and Chen, David and Yu, Zuguo},
  year = {2008},
  journal = {Hydrological Processes},
  volume = {26},
  number = {22},
  pages = {4997--5003},
  doi = {10.1002/hyp.7119},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {atmosphere and hydrosphere sciences},
  abstract = {Scaling, and multifractal properties of the hydrological processes of the Yangtze River basin were explored by using a multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA) technique. Long daily streamflow series from Cuntan. Yichang Hankou and Datong stations were analyzed. Using shuffled streamflow series, the types of multifractality of streamflow series was also studied. The results indicate that the discharge series of the Yangtze River basin are non-stationary. Different correlation properties were identified within streamflow series of the upper, the middle and the lower Yangtze River basin. The discharge series of the upper Yangtze River basin Lire characterized by short memory or anti-persistence while the streamflow series of the lower Yangtze River basin is characterized by long memory or persistence. h(q) vs q curves indicate multifractality of the hydrological processes of the Yangtze River basin. h(q) curves of shuffled streamflow series suggest that the multifractality of the streamflow series is mainly due to the correlation properties within the hydrological series. This may be of practical and scientific importance in regional flood frequency analysis and water resource management in different parts of the Yangtze River basin. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.},
  issn = {0885-6087}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dibaldassarregiuliano_2009,
  title = {Near real time satellite imagery to support and verify timely flood modelling},
  author = {Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and SCHUMANN, G and BATES, P},
  year = {2009},
  journal = {Hydrological Processes},
  volume = {5},
  number = {23},
  pages = {799--803},
  doi = {10.1002/hyp.7229},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  abstract = {The study investigates the capability of coarse resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery to support flood inundation models. A hydraulic model of a 98-km reach of the River Po (Northern Italy) was calibrated on the October 2000 high-magnitude flood event with extensive and high-quality field data. During the June 2008, low-magnitude flood event a SAR image was acquired and processed in near real time (NRT) in order to provide adequate data for quick verification and recalibration of the hydraulic model.},
  issn = {0885-6087}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_westerbergida_2011,
  title = {Stage-discharge uncertainty derived with a non-stationary rating curve in the Choluteca River, Honduras},
  author = {Westerberg, Ida and Guerrero, José- Luis and Seibert, Jan and Beven, K. J. and Halldin, Sven},
  year = {2011},
  journal = {Hydrological Processes},
  volume = {4},
  number = {25},
  pages = {603--613},
  doi = {10.1002/Hyp.7848},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {discharge; uncertainty; alluvial river; stage-discharge; rating curve; fuzzy regression; linear-regression; central-america; quality; flood; model; predictions; calibration; rainfall; error; hydrology; hydrologi},
  abstract = {Uncertainty in discharge data must be critically assessed before data can be used in, e. g. water resources estimation or hydrological modelling. In the alluvial Choluteca River in Honduras, the river-bed characteristics change over time as fill, scour and other processes occur in the channel, leading to a non-stationary stage-discharge relationship and difficulties in deriving consistent rating curves. Few studies have investigated the uncertainties related to non-stationarity in the stage-discharge relationship. We calculated discharge and the associated uncertainty with a weighted fuzzy regression of rating curves applied within a moving time window, based on estimated uncertainties in the observed rating data. An 18-year-long dataset with unusually frequent ratings (1268 in total) was the basis of this study. A large temporal variability in the stage-discharge relationship was found especially for low flows. The time-variable rating curve resulted in discharge estimate differences of -60 to +90% for low flows and +/- 20% for medium to high flows when compared to a constant rating curve. The final estimated uncertainty in discharge was substantial and the uncertainty limits varied between -43 to +73% of the best discharge estimate. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.},
  issn = {0885-6087}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dibaldassarregiuliano_2011,
  title = {Is the current flood of data enough?: A treatise on research needs for the improvement of flood modelling},
  author = {Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Uhlenbrook, Stefan},
  year = {2011},
  journal = {Hydrological Processes},
  volume = {1},
  number = {26},
  pages = {153--158},
  doi = {10.1002/hyp.8226},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  abstract = {Flood disasters account for more than 40% of all natural hazardsworldwide and about half of all deaths caused by natural catastrophes(Ohl and Tapsell, 2000). For instance, in 2010, according to theEmergency Events Database (EM-DAT, 2011) floods were responsible forthe loss of more than 8000 human lives and affected about 180 millionpeople. The catastrophic floods in Pakistan and Australia are the mostrecent examples of a worldwide increasing human exposure to flood risk.Figure 1 reports the number of fatalities caused by floods in Africa inthe period 1950–2009 (EM-DAT, 2011).The diagram shows that the number of flood fatalities in Africa hasdramatically increased by more than an order of magnitude in the last60 years (Figure 1). These dramatic figures indicate a need for urgentactions to decrease these staggering numbers (Di Baldassarreet al.,2010a).The flood risk is likely to grow further because of many factors,such as changing demographics, land use changes, climate variabilityand change, technological and socio-economic conditions, industrialdevelopment, urban expansion and infrastructure construction in flood-prone areas as well as unplanned human settlement in floodplains(UN-ISDR Scientific and Technical Committee, 2009). To mitigate thecontinuously increasing flood risk the currently proposed approach isintegrated flood management (more towards ‘living with floods’) that hasreplaced the more traditional flood defense approach (‘fighting floods’).This approach aims to minimize the human, economic and ecologicallosses from extreme floods while at the same time maximising the social,economic and ecological benefits of ordinary floods (e.g. UNESCO-IFI:International Flood Initiative).In this context, the aim of this commentary is twofold. First, to criti-cally discuss the current opportunities for improving flood modelling,which are offered by the increased availability of new data sources,such as the utilisation of remote sensing data of higher resolution andthe increasing availability of globally and freely accessible space-bornedata. Second, to discuss knowledge gaps and research needs to fullyand properly exploit this current ‘flood of data’ (Lincoln, 2007) andimprove flood modelling. This leads to the proposed elements of a futureresearch agenda to support the scientific basis of integrated flood management.},
  issn = {0885-6087}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_gargkaushalk_2012,
  title = {Up-scaling potential impacts on water flows from agricultural water interventions: opportunities and trade-offs in the Osman Sagar catchment, Musi sub-basin, India},
  author = {Garg, Kaushal K. and Wani, Suhas P. and Barron, Jennie and Karlberg, Louise and Rockström, Johan},
  year = {2012},
  journal = {Hydrological Processes},
  volume = {26},
  number = {27},
  pages = {3905--3921},
  doi = {10.1002/hyp.9516},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley-Blackwell},
  keywords = {swat; trade-offs; upstream-downstream; watershed development; musi sub-basin; semi-arid india; agricultural water interventions},
  abstract = {Agricultural water management (AWM) has been shown to improve and secure yields in the tropics and has been suggested as an important way to combat poverty in the region. In this paper, we describe potential impacts on upstream and downstream flows of extensive AWM interventions, using the watershed development programme of the Osman Sagar catchment of Musi sub-basin, Andhra Pradesh semi-arid India, as an example. Various AWM interventions are compared with a non-intervention state and the current state of the study area, using 31 years of data by application of the calibrated and validated ARCSWAT 2005 (Version 2.1.4a) modelling tool. Different AWM interventions contribute to improved livelihoods of upstream smallholder farmers by increasing soil moisture availability and groundwater recharge, which can subsequently be used for irrigation. The result is higher crop production and hence larger incomes. Moreover, lower flow intensities and sediment losses reduced by 30-50%, reducing the risk of flooding and sediment accumulation in the Osman Sagar drinking water reservoir. On the other hand, AWM interventions are predicted to result in reduced total water inflows to the Osman Sagar reservoir from 11% of the total annual rainfall (754mm) recorded at present, to 8% if AWM interventions were implemented at large scale throughout the catchment. A cost-benefit analysis of AWM interventions showed that the highest net economic returns were achieved at intermediate intervention levels (only in-situ AWM).},
  issn = {0885-6087}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_masoeroalessandro_2012,
  title = {Reconstruction and analysis of the Po River inundation of 1951},
  author = {Masoero, Alessandro and Claps, Pierluigi and Asselman, Nathalie E. M. and Mosselman, Erik and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano},
  year = {2012},
  journal = {Hydrological Processes},
  volume = {9},
  number = {27},
  pages = {1341--1348},
  doi = {10.1002/hyp.9558},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  abstract = {Flood inundation models have become essential tools in flood risk management, being used also in the analysis of historical flood events, which is often needed for a reliable assessment of the potential flood hazard. This study aims at reconstructing the 1951 inundation of the Polesine Region, Italy. The 1951 flooding was a mayor natural catastrophe that caused a large inundated area (1080 km2) and produced devastating social consequences. The reconstruction of the 1951 hydraulic conditions is based on partial knowledge of discharges and water stages at the Pontelagoscuro gauging station (downstream of the 1951 levee breach) using extrapolation of the rating curves beyond the measurement range. This is, even today, something open to uncertainty. We applied a decoupled hybrid approach to the hydraulic modeling: a 1D model is used to simulate the flow into the river and to compute the flow through the levee breach; this result is then adopted as the inflow condition for a 2D model application on the inundated area. A good agreement between the patterns of the observed and reconstructed inundation areas was found, and the timing of the inundation was also found to be close to the information derived from the historical chronicles. The results of the flood inundation modelling exercise provide two practical insight: (i) obstacles in the floodplains increased the flooded area by 40% and prolonged the time to reach the sea from 5 to 15 days, (ii) the peak discharge of the event was overestimated by up to 20%. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.},
  issn = {0885-6087}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_aronicagiuseppet_2013,
  title = {HP - Special Issue on Flood Risk and Uncertainty},
  author = {Aronica, Giuseppe T. and Apel, Heiko and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Schumann, Guy J-P.},
  year = {2013},
  journal = {Hydrological Processes},
  volume = {9},
  number = {27},
  pages = {1291},
  doi = {10.1002/hyp.9812},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  issn = {0885-6087}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_zaighammehreen_2023,
  title = {Protecting pregnant women from climate disasters: Strategies in the aftermath of Pakistan's devastating flood},
  author = {Zaigham, Mehreen and Bryce-Alberti, Mayte and Campos, Letícia Nunes and Forbes, Callum and Naus, Abbie E. and Pigeolet, Manon and Hill, Sarah K. and Sana, Hamaiyal and Ehsan, Anam N. and Samad, Lubna and Uribe-Leitz, Tarsicio and McClain, Craig D. and Juran, Sabrina},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics},
  volume = {2},
  number = {163},
  pages = {348--351},
  doi = {10.1002/ijgo.14896},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley-Blackwell},
  abstract = {Sudden‐onset climate events can have a significant impact on maternal health care systems, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries where resources are limited. We outline strategic policies that can help anticipate and plan for such disasters and help minimize negative maternal outcomes.},
  issn = {0020-7292}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ridolfielena_2013,
  title = {Evaluation of rainfall thresholds through entropy: Influence of bivariate distribution selection},
  author = {Ridolfi, Elena and Montesarchio, Valeria and Rianna, Maura and Sebastianelli, Stefano and Russo, Fabio and Napolitano, Francesco},
  year = {2013},
  journal = {Irrigation and Drainage},
  number = {62},
  pages = {50--60},
  doi = {10.1002/ird.1807},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {hydrology; hydrologi},
  abstract = {Floods cause severe damage worldwide in terms of human injury and have severe economic consequences, causing landslides, road accidents and inundation of agricultural areas. Non‐structural flood protection strategies offer the possibility to protect the land, preventing flood event effects. In particular, early warning systems can inform of flood occurrences. These systems can be based on the evaluation of a rainfall threshold value that is the rainfall amount that determines a critical discharge in a given river cross‐section. The alert is issued if the observed or forecast rainfall equals the threshold value without the support of online real‐time rainfall–runoff forecasting systems.The critical rainfall threshold values are evaluated by a probabilistic methodology, considering the joint cumulative distribution of cumulated rainfall and the corresponding peak discharge, for different durations. To estimate the joint distributions two approaches are considered: the meta‐Gaussian and the copula functions.The rainfall threshold values are estimated for the Mignone River basin (Italy). Results show that both joint distribution functions perform well in estimating the rainfall threshold values, as found from reliability analysis. In particular, the copula‐based approach leads to issuing the alert in advance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.},
  issn = {1531-0353}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_zhangqiang_2009,
  title = {Multifractal analysis of measure representation of flood/drought grade series in the Yangtze Delta, China, during the past millennium and their fractal model simulation},
  author = {Zhang, Qiang and Yu, Zu-Guo and Xu, Chong-Yu and Anh, Vo},
  year = {2009},
  journal = {International Journal of Climatology},
  volume = {3},
  number = {30},
  pages = {450--457},
  doi = {10.1002/joc.1924},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {multifractal property; multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis; historical records; flood/drought variability; (recurrent) iterated function systems model; yangtze delta},
  abstract = {Based on reconstructed flood/drought grade series, IFS (iterazed function systems) and RIFS[(recurrent) iterated function systems] models were used to reconstruct their measure representations. The goodness-of-fit of the simulation indicated good performance of IFS and RIFS models in simulation of the measure representaitons of the historical flood/drought grade series in the Yangtze Delta. Multifractal properties of the measures of the flood/drought grade series were analyzed using multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA) technique. The DFA1 exponents of 0.6348 +/- 0.013 and 0.7215 +/- 0.013 indicated that the measures of the flood/drought grade series of the Yangtze Delta were characterized by long memory or persistence. Furthermore, the h(q) curves of the measure representations indicated that the measure representations of the flood/drought grade series in the Yangtze Delta were multifractal measures. The finding of this paper highlights possibility of prediction for future climatic changes based on historical records in the Yangtze Delta region. Copyright (C) 2009 Royal Meterological Society.},
  issn = {0899-8418}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dominguezcastrof_2018,
  title = {Mapping seasonal and annual extreme precipitation over the Peruvian Andes},
  author = {Dominguez-Castro, F. and Vicente-Serrano, S. M. and Lopez-Moreno, J. I. and Correa, K. and Avalos, G. and Azorin-Molina, Cesar and El Kenawy, A. and Tomas-Burguera, M. and Navarro-Serrano, F. and Pena-Gallardo, M. and Gimeno, L. and Nieto, R.},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {International Journal of Climatology},
  volume = {15},
  number = {38},
  pages = {5459--5475},
  doi = {10.1002/joc.5739},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {dry spell; extreme precipitation; generalized pareto distribution; peru; probability; universal kriging; partial duration series; dry-spell; rainfall extremes; interpolation; methods; climate variability; pareto distribution; frequency-analysis; flash-flood; distributions; temperature},
  abstract = {Seasonal and annual extreme precipitation over the Peruvian Andes have been mapped for the first time. Maps were developed using the most complete, quality-controlled and homogenous daily precipitation records in Peru from 1973 to 2016. For each observed rain gauge series, we defined parameters as the de-clustered daily intensity, total precipitation duration, total magnitude and dry-spell length. Then, we fitted the seasonal and annual series of these variables to a Generalized-Pareto distribution using a peak-over-threshold approach. We estimated the distribution parameters and validated the performance of different thresholds to obtain the best estimation of precipitation probability. We also mapped the distribution parameters obtained for the different meteorological stations using the universal kriging algorithm, accounting for elevation and the distance to the Pacific Ocean as co-variables. The accuracy of the extreme precipitation maps for a period of 25 and 50 years were validated using a jack-knife approach. Some of the maps show strong uncertainty given the random spatial distribution of the variables as a consequence of the complex topography and climate of the region. Nevertheless, the maps show a useful general assessment of the spatial distribution of the precipitation hazard probability over the region, providing a good agreement with the estimations obtained in the meteorological stations for some variables and time periods analysed. Extreme precipitation maps over this high-complex terrain of Peru are of key importance for flood risk assessment, water resources management, crop yield, soil conservation and human settlements.},
  issn = {0899-8418}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_duyiheng_2019,
  title = {Integrated large‐scale circulation impact on rainy season precipitation in the source region of the Yangtze River},
  author = {du, Yiheng and Berndtsson, Ronny and An, Dong and Zhang, Linus Tielin and Yuan, Feifei and Hao, Zhenchun},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {International Journal of Climatology},
  volume = {4},
  number = {40},
  pages = {2285--2295},
  doi = {10.1002/joc.6332},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: John Wiley & Sons Inc.},
  abstract = {Monthly precipitation data at regular grids of 0.5° × 0.5° derived from observations during June–August 1961–2016 were used to reveal characteristics of large‐scale circulations associated with rainy season precipitation over the source region of the Yangtze River (SRYR). The integrated impact of major influencing circulation patterns was examined by principal component analysis and composites. Results showed that the first rainy season precipitation mode associates with the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), explaining 64% of spatial and temporal rainy season precipitation variance in the region. Composites of precipitation pattern under different phases of SOI and PDO revealed that the effect of PDO on precipitation varies with the SOI phase. When out of phase with the SOI, PDO‐induced precipitation anomalies are magnified. When they are in phase, anomalies weaken or even disappear. Composites of moisture flux patterns show that large‐scale atmospheric circulation affects the strength of westerlies that transport moisture to the study area and formation of convergence. In coming decades, the PDO is likely to continue in a negative phase with La Niña (positive SOI) events, implying more precipitation during the rainy season. Consequently, this knowledge can be used to improve decision making regarding water supply and flood risk management in the SRYR.},
  issn = {1097-0088}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ulhassanmahmood_2021,
  title = {Regional frequency analysis of annual daily rainfall maxima in Skåne, Sweden},
  author = {Ul Hassan, Mahmood and Noreen, Zahra and Ahmed, Rashid},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {International Journal of Climatology},
  volume = {8},
  number = {41},
  pages = {4307--4320},
  doi = {10.1002/joc.7074},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {k-fold cross validation; l-moments; monte carlo simulation; quantile estimates; regional frequency analysis; spatial map},
  abstract = {Extreme daily rainfall events are critical for the urban drainage system, human life, agriculture and small catchments. The information about extreme rainfall magnitudes and frequencies is immensely important for civil engineers, city planners, scientists related to water management, rescue operations and flood control works. This study illustrates the results of regional frequency analysis of annual maximum daily rainfall (AMDR) of Skåne County, Sweden. L‐moments based heterogeneity measure (H) reveals that the Skåne County is a homogeneous region. Based on the L‐moment ratio diagram and ZDist statistic results, the generalized normal (GNO) distribution is selected as the most suitable regional distribution. The accuracy measures used in K‐fold cross validation indicate that support vector machine (SVM) model is an appropriate model to find the index rainfall at ungauged sites in the region. The sites characteristics, elevation and latitude are identified as the most important variables to explain the variation in mean annual maximum daily rainfall (MAMDR). Finally, spatial maps of predicted MAMDR for different return periods are constructed by using index rainfall combined with regional quantiles. Spatial maps offer an overall view of the expected MAMDR in the region that is helpful for multiple decision makers including infrastructure planners, city planners, emergency managers, engineers and many others.},
  issn = {0899-8418}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_lidongling_2014,
  title = {A diatom record of mid- to late Holocene palaeoenvironmental changes in the southern Okinawa Trough},
  author = {Li, Dongling and Jiang, Hui and Knudsen, Karen Luise and Björck, Svante and Olsen, Jesper and Zhao, Meixun and Li, Tiegang and Li, Jialin},
  year = {2014},
  journal = {Journal of Quaternary Science},
  volume = {1},
  number = {30},
  pages = {32--43},
  doi = {10.1002/jqs.2756},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: John Wiley & Sons Inc.},
  abstract = {Palaeoceanographic changes over the last 6800 years are documented in a diatom record from core MD05-2908 from the southern Okinawa Trough. Changes in diatom components are used to reflect variations in the strength of the Kuroshio Current and the influence of coastal waters, and these changes are compared with records of the East Asian summer monsoon, which exerts an important influence on regional climate and oceanography. A decreasing trend in the contribution of coastal diatoms during the last 6800 years is related to the weakening of the East Asian summer monsoon during the Holocene in response to diminishing insolation and a southward shift in the intertropical convergence zone. Relatively high abundances of the Kuroshio Current indicator species during the intervals 2600-2200 and 4800-3600 cal a BP, and lower abundances during the intervals 3200-2800 and 2200-1300 cal a BP, imply that there is no consistent weakening of the Kuroshio Current during the interval 4500-3000 cal a BP-the Pulleniatina Minimum Event, which is a widespread feature in the East China Sea and the South China Sea. A major reduction in coastal diatoms at 3200cal a BP and a slight decrease in the Kuroshio Current indicator species during the interval 3200-2800 cal a BP indicate that a palaeoceanographic shift occurred in the southern Okinawa Trough, which coincided with a Northern Hemisphere climatic cooling, denoted the Neoglaciation in Europe. In addition, changes in the freshwater species component of the record are suggested mainly to result from variations in flood frequency in north-eastern Taiwan caused by typhoons. A dramatic increase in the frequency of flood events during the last millennium may have been caused by relatively strong El Nino-Southern Oscillation activity, compared with the more stable period between 6800 and 1000 cal a BP, which experienced a low frequency of flood events.},
  issn = {1099-1417}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_pizarromonzom_2021,
  title = {Determining the diagenetic paths of archaeofaunal assemblages and their palaeoecology through artificial intelligence: an application to Oldowan sites from Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania)},
  author = {Pizarro-Monzo, M. and Organista, Elia and Cobo-Sánchez, L. and Baquedano, E. and Domínguez-Rodrigo, M.},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Journal of Quaternary Science},
  volume = {3},
  number = {37},
  pages = {543--557},
  doi = {10.1002/jqs.3385},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {bone surface modification; computer vision; convolutional neural nethworks; diagenesis; taphonomy},
  abstract = {The implementation of deep-learning methods to the taphonomic analysis of the microscopic modification of bone-surface modifications exposed to different chemical diagenetic pathways can effectively discriminate between acidic and alkaline soil properties, indirectly reflecting different ecological conditions. Here we use this novel method to assess the sedimentary conditions of two of the oldest Oldowan archaeofaunal records (DS and PTK, Bed I) from Olduvai Gorge Bed I in Tanzania. We show how the results support different diagenetic conditions for both penecontemporaneous sites, which are appropriate for their respective locations on the palaeolandscape to which they belonged. We also show how geochemical analyses of the clay deposit that embedded both sites indicate a similar soil pH divergence. PTK was formed on an alluvial sloping surface affected by rills but draining efficiently, which resulted in alkaline soil conditions, that optimised bone-surface preservation. DS occurred in a more depressed area that underwent intermittent flooding, affecting soil chemistry by creating more acidic conditions. This impacted on bone surfaces by dynamically modifying mark morphology. This deep-learning approach has relevance for the interpretation of the local palaeoecological conditions of both assemblages and their respective depositional loci. The results presented here open a new window to the incremental information gain through the use of artificial intelligence methods in taphonomic and palaeoecological research. },
  issn = {0267-8179}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_yushiyong_2003,
  title = {Radiocarbon constraints on the Holocene flood deposits of the Ning-Zhen Mountains, lower Yangtze River area of China},
  author = {Yu, Shiyong and Zhu, C and Wang, FB},
  year = {2003},
  journal = {Journal of Quaternary Science},
  volume = {6},
  number = {18},
  pages = {521--525},
  doi = {10.1002/jqs.767},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: John Wiley & Sons Inc.},
  abstract = {Lying athwart both the temperate and subtropical zones, the Ning-Zhen Mountains are particularly prone to extreme floods in the summer months when cold fronts collide with the subtropics-derived warm airmasses. The Holocene flood deposits in the region may provide a long-term perspective on hydrographical change and its palaeoclimatic implications. Radiocarbon dates on carbonised wood preserved in flooding sediments reveal that the region has experienced a number of catastrophic floods throughout the middle Holocene. These extreme flooding events cluster into three periods: (i) 9200-8200 cal. yr BP, (ii) 7600-5800 cal. yr BP and (iii) 5200-4000 cal. yr BP, corresponding to the times when the East Asian monsoon has been intensified under warm conditions. The significant falls in flooding frequency around 8200 cal. yr BP, 5800 cal. yr BP and 4000 cal. yr BP may have resulted from Substantial reduction in regional precipitation, probably associated with meridional displacement of the planetary frontal system. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.},
  issn = {1099-1417}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_quinandrew_2018,
  title = {Large-scale comparison of flow-variability dampening by lakes and wetlands in the landscape},
  author = {Quin, Andrew and Destouni, Georgia},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Land Degradation and Development},
  volume = {10},
  number = {29},
  pages = {3617--3627},
  doi = {10.1002/ldr.3101},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {ecosystem service; flow-variability regulation; nature-based solution; wetlands; lakes},
  abstract = {Considering the potential of wetlands to dampen temporal variability of water flow through the landscape, they are increasingly considered as possible nature-based solutions to mitigate risks of flooding and drought. In this study, we investigate flow variability by means of a flow dampening factor and use observation data from 1984 to 2013 for 82 Swedish catchments to statistically and comparatively analyze the large-scale effects on this factor of multiple wetlands and lakes in the landscape. The results show good correlation between large-scale flow dampening and relative area of lakes and floodplain wetlands within a catchment. An increase in relative area up to around 15% for lakes and 0.5% for floodplain wetlands lowers the temporal standard deviation of runoff (R) to around 10%-15% of that for precipitation (P), compared with a common flow-variability dampening of around 35% for catchments with lake-wetland area close to zero. Further increase in these relative areas, or in those of wetland types other than floodplain wetlands, has little or no flow dampening effect. The results indicate that the large-scale flow dampening effect of lakes and floodplain wetlands is mainly due to their water-storage capacity and less due to their possible effects on the partitioning of P between R and evapotranspiration. Overall, the results emphasize the importance of accounting for the problem scale and relative water-storage capacity of wetlands when considering their large-scale efficiency as possible nature-based solutions for large-scale flow-variability regulation in whole catchments.},
  issn = {1085-3278}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_panhaozhi_2018,
  title = {Sociohydrology modeling for complex urban environments in support of integrated land and water resource management practices},
  author = {Pan, Haozhi and Deal, Brian and Destouni, Georgia and Zhang, Yalei and Kalantari, Zahra},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Land Degradation and Development},
  volume = {10},
  number = {29},
  pages = {3639--3652},
  doi = {10.1002/ldr.3106},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {hydrological modeling; integrated water resource management; land use modeling; regional economy; stormwater management},
  abstract = {This paper argues that a systems' thinking and explicit modeling approach is needed to address noted weaknesses (in terms of practicality and usefulness) in integrated water resource management. A process of coupling complex regional land use, economy, and water system interactions in integrated modeling is demonstrated with proof-of-concept applications to two urban cases (Chicago and Stockholm). In this uniquely coupled systems model, urban land use scenarios are considered a complex urban system represented by dynamic systems models of land use, economics, and water with a focus on urban environments that include drivers and system feedbacks with implications focused on urban water systems. The integrated model results reveal that the physical availability of land for economic activities (forecasted via a bottom-up land use change model) and their locations differ sharply from top-down sectoral-based economic forecasts. This shows that both human systems (economic and land use planning) and natural systems (land use limitations and associated water implications) need to be considered in order to accurately account for system(s) impacts. For example, flood zone regulations divert land use to other locations, whereas land cover changes can greatly affect the water infiltration characteristics of land surfaces and thereby alter hydrological outcomes. Our results indicate that modeling social and natural processes using a systems approach can provide a more comprehensive understanding of coupled causal mechanisms, impacts, and feedbacks in applications of integrated water resource management.},
  issn = {1085-3278}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_herreroortegasonia_2017,
  title = {High methylmercury formation in ponds fueled by fresh humic and algal derived organic matter},
  author = {Herrero Ortega, Sonia and Catalán, Núria and Björn, Erik and Gröntoft, Hannes and Hilmarsson, Torfi Geir and Bertilsson, Stefan and Wu, Pianpian and Bishop, Kevin and Levanoni, Oded and Bravo, Andrea Garcia},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
  number = {63},
  pages = {53},
  doi = {10.1002/lno.10722},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  abstract = {Neurotoxic methylmercury causes adverse effects to ecosystem viability and human health. Previous studies have revealed that ponding alters natural organic matter (NOM) composition and increase methylmercury concentrations in rivers, especially in the first years after flooding. Here, we investigate the influence of NOM composition (i.e., sources and degradation status) on mercury methylation rate constants in nine boreal beaver ponds of different ages across Sweden. We show that increased methylmercury concentrations in surface waters is a consequence of enhanced mercury methylation in the pond sediments. Moreover, our results reveal that during the first years after the initial flooding, mercury methylation rates are fueled by the amount of fresh humic substances released from the flooded soils and by an increased production of algal-derived NOM triggered by enhanced nutrient availability. Our findings indicate that impoundment-induced changes in NOM composition control mercury methylation processes, causing the raise in MeHg levels in ponds.},
  issn = {0024-3590}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_myrstenermaria_2020,
  title = {Nutrients influence seasonal metabolic patterns and total productivity of Arctic streams},
  author = {Myrstener, Maria and Gómez-Gener, Lluís and Rocher-Ros, Gerard and Giesler, Reiner and Sponseller, Ryan A.},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
  number = {66},
  pages = {196},
  doi = {10.1002/lno.11614},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: John Wiley & Sons},
  abstract = {The seasonality of gross primary production (GPP) in streams is driven by multiple physical and chemical factors, yet incident light is often thought to be most important. In Arctic tundra streams, however, light is available in saturating amounts throughout the summer, but sharp declines in nutrient supply during the terrestrial growing season may constrain aquatic productivity. Given the opposing seasonality of these drivers, we hypothesized that "shoulder seasons"-spring and autumn-represent critical time windows when light and nutrients align to optimize rates of stream productivity in the Arctic. To test this, we measured annual patterns of GPP and biofilm accumulation in eight streams in Arctic Sweden. We found that the aquatic growing season length differed by 4 months across streams and was determined largely by the timing of ice-off in spring. During the growing season, temporal variability in GPP for nitrogen (N) poor streams was correlated with inorganic N concentration, while in more N-rich streams GPP was instead linked to changes in phosphorus and light. Annual GPP varied ninefold among streams and was enhanced by N availability, the length of ice-free period, and low flood frequency. Finally, network scale estimates of GPP highlight the overall significance of the shoulder seasons, which accounted for 48% of annual productivity. We suggest that the timing of ice off and nutrient supply from land interact to regulate the annual metabolic regimes of nutrient poor, Arctic streams, leading to unexpected peaks in productivity that are offset from the terrestrial growing season.},
  issn = {0024-3590}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_rehnlukas_2022,
  title = {Long-term changes in dissolved inorganic carbon across boreal streams caused by altered hydrology},
  author = {Rehn, Lukas and Sponseller, Ryan A. and Laudon, Hjalmar and Wallin, Marcus},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Limnology and Oceanography},
  volume = {2},
  number = {68},
  pages = {409--423},
  doi = {10.1002/lno.12282},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: John Wiley & Sons},
  abstract = {A major challenge for predicting future landscape carbon (C) balances is to understand how environmental changes affect the transfer of C from soils to surface waters. Here, we evaluated 14 yr (2006–2019) of stream dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration and export data for 14 nested boreal catchments that are subject to climatic changes, and compared long-term patterns in DIC with patterns in dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Few streams displayed significant concentration or export trends in DIC at annual time scales. However, most streams showed decreasing DIC concentrations during spring flood over this 14-yr period, and about half showed declines during summer. Although annual runoff has generally not changed during this period, an intra-annual redistribution in runoff, with increases in spring flood discharge, explained much of the seasonal changes in DIC concentration. We observed negative DIC–discharge relationships in most streams, suggesting source limitation of DIC, whereas DOC mostly showed chemostatic behavior. The different trends and patterns observed for DIC vs. DOC underpin intra-annual changes in the composition of the total C pool (i.e., the DIC/DOC ratio) and reflect fundamental differences in how these C forms are produced, stored in riparian soils, and mobilized by hydrological events. Collectively, our results highlight the sensitivity of riverine DIC to the intra-annual distribution of runoff, but also important heterogeneity across the network that suggests local processes can also modify the mobilization of DIC in boreal landscapes.},
  issn = {0024-3590}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_rocherrosgerard_2024,
  title = {Enhanced stream greenhouse gas emissions at night and during flood events},
  author = {Rocher-Ros, Gerard},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Limnology and Oceanography Letters},
  number = {9},
  pages = {276--285},
  doi = {10.1002/lol2.10374},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  abstract = {Headwater streams play a large role in aquatic greenhouse gas emissions. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and dissolved oxygen in streams often undergo changes through diel cycles. However, methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) have unknown diel dynamics. Here, we reveal consistent patterns in CO2, CH4, and N2O over diel cycles and during flood events using high-frequency continuous observations in a subtropical headwater stream. Diel cycles were most pronounced during baseflow. Increased nighttime discharge due to higher groundwater inputs enhanced gas transfer velocities and concentrations. Overall nocturnal emissions were 31%, 68%, and 32% greater than daytime for CO2, CH4, and N2O, respectively. Floods dampened diel signals. If both flood events and diel patterns are neglected, estimates of greenhouse gas emissions from headwaters may be greatly underestimated. Overall, CH4 and N2O emissions from headwater streams may be underestimated by similar to 20-40% due to a lack of observations during nighttime, floods, and in warmer climates.},
  issn = {2378-2242}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_smithpaulj_2009,
  title = {Towards the provision of site specific flood warnings using wireless sensor networks},
  author = {Smith, Paul J and Hughes, Danny and Beven, Keith J. and Cross, Philip and Tych, Wlodek and Coulson, Geoff and Blair, Gordon},
  year = {2009},
  journal = {Meteorological Applications},
  number = {16},
  pages = {57--64},
  doi = {10.1002/met.130},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {meteorology; meteorologi},
  abstract = {An important aspect of flood risk management is the issuing of timely flood alerts. The spatial, as well as temporal, scale of these warnings is important. In many situations efficient risk management may be aided by the provision of local flood predictions at a high spatial resolution. Examples of such situations include issuing warnings for small groups of outlying houses or key infrastructure locations Such as power sub-stations. In this paper a methodology for providing automated, detailed and location specific warnings which are computed ‘on-site’ is presented. Copyright (C) 2009 Royal Meteorological Society},
  issn = {1350-4827}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_breinlkorbinian_2014,
  title = {Simulating daily precipitation and temperature: a weather generation framework for assessing hydrometeorological hazards},
  author = {Breinl, Korbinian and Turkington, Thea and Stowasser, Markus},
  year = {2014},
  journal = {Meteorological Applications},
  volume = {3},
  number = {22},
  pages = {334--347},
  doi = {10.1002/met.1459},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  abstract = {Stochastic weather generators simulate synthetic weather data while maintaining statistical properties of the observations. A new semi-parametric algorithm for multi-site precipitation has been published recently by Breinl et al. (2013), who used a univariate Markov process to simulate precipitation occurrence at multiple sites for two small rain gauge networks. Precipitation amounts were simulated in a two-step process by first resampling observations and then sampling and reshuffling of parametric precipitation amounts. In the present study, the precipitation model by Breinl et al. (2013, J. Hydrol. 498: 23–35) is implemented in a weather generation framework for daily precipitation and temperature. It is extended to a considerably larger gauge station network of 19 stations and further improved to reduce the duplication of historical records in the simulation. Autoregressive-moving-average models (ARMA) are used to simulate mean daily temperature at three sites. Power transformations reduce the bias of simulated temperature extremes. Precipitation amounts are simulated by means of hybrid distributions consisting of a Weibull distribution for low precipitation amounts and a generalized Pareto distribution (GPD) for moderate and extreme precipitation amounts. The proposed weather generator is particularly suitable for assessing hydrometeorological hazards such as flooding as it reproduces the spatial variability of precipitation very well and can generate unobserved extremes.},
  issn = {1350-4827}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_townerjamie_2020,
  title = {Attribution of Amazon floods to modes of climate variability: A review},
  author = {Towner, Jamie and Cloke, Hannah L. and Lavado, Waldo and Santini, William and Bazo, Juan and Coughlan de Perez, Erin and Stephens, Elisabeth M.},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Meteorological Applications},
  volume = {5},
  number = {27},
  pages = {5},
  doi = {10.1002/met.1949},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: WILEY},
  keywords = {amazon basin; el ni&#241; o southern oscillation; floods; hydroclimatic drivers; madden&#8211; julian oscillation; river flow},
  abstract = {Anomalous conditions in the oceans and atmosphere have the potential to be used to enhance the predictability of flood events, enabling earlier warnings to reduce risk. In the Amazon basin, extreme flooding is consistently attributed to warmer or cooler conditions in the tropical Pacific and Atlantic oceans, with some evidence linking floods to other hydroclimatic drivers such as the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). This review evaluates the impact of several hydroclimatic drivers on rainfall and river discharge regimes independently, aggregating all the information of previous studies to provide an up-to-date depiction of what we currently know and do not know about how variations in climate impact flooding in the Amazon. Additionally, 34 major flood events that have occurred since 1950 in the Amazon and their attribution to climate anomalies are documented and evaluated. This review finds that despite common agreement within the literature describing the relationship between phases of climate indices and hydrometeorological variables, results linking climate anomalies and flood hazard are often limited to correlation rather than to causation, while the understanding of their usefulness for flood forecasting is weak. There is a need to understand better the ocean-atmosphere response mechanisms that led to previous flood events. In particular, examining the oceanic and atmospheric conditions preceding individual hydrological extremes, as opposed to composite analysis, could provide insightful information into the magnitude and spatial distribution of anomalous sea surface temperatures required to produce extreme floods. Importantly, such an analysis could provide meaningful thresholds on which to base seasonal flood forecasts.},
  issn = {1350-4827}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_youngerpm_2008,
  title = {The usability of 250 m resolution data from the UK Meteorological Office Unified Model as input data for a hydrological model},
  author = {Younger, P. M. and Gadian, A. M. and Wang, C-G and Freer, J. E. and Beven, Keith},
  year = {2008},
  journal = {Meteorological Applications},
  volume = {2},
  number = {15},
  pages = {207--217},
  doi = {10.1002/met.46},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {very-high resolution; numerical weather prediction; precipitation; hydrological modelling},
  abstract = {This article examines whether very-high resolution (250 m) data provided by the United Kingdom Meteorological Office Unified Model (UM) could be used as an input to a hydrological model for hydrological forecasting purposes. A summer convective event and a winter stratiform event are both considered and it is found that in these two cases, despite errors in both the positioning and timing of storms the predictions were of a sufficient quality to provide beneficial inputs for hydrological modelling. There are encouraging indications that this technique may be valuable in improving flood forecasting generally. Copyright (C) 2008 Royal Meteorological Society.},
  issn = {1350-4827}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_castellarina_2011,
  title = {Floodplain management strategies for flood attenuation in the river Po},
  author = {Castellarin, A. and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Brath, A.},
  year = {2011},
  journal = {Rivers Research and Applications},
  volume = {8},
  number = {27},
  pages = {1037--1047},
  doi = {10.1002/rra.1405},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  abstract = {This paper analyses the effects of different floodplain management policies on flood hazard using a 350 km reach of the river Po (Italy) as a case study. The river Po is the longest Italian river, and the largest in terms of streamflow. The middle-lower Po flows East some 350 km in the Pianura Padana (Po Valley), a very important agricultural region and industrial heart of Northern Italy. This portion of the river consists of a main channel (200–500 m wide) and a floodplain (overall width from 200 m to 5 km) confined by two continuous artificial embankments. Floodplains are densely cultivated, and a significant portion of these areas is protected against frequent flooding by a system of minor dykes, which impacts significantly the hydraulic behaviour of the middle-lower Po during major flood events. This study aims at investigating the effects of the adoption of different floodplain management strategies (e.g. raising, lowering or removing the minor dyke system) on the hydrodynamics of the middle-lower Po and, in particular, on flood-risk mitigation. This is a crucial task for institutions and public bodies in charge of formulating robust flood risk management strategies for the river Po. Furthermore, the results of this study are of interest for other European water-related public bodies managing large river basins, in the light of the recent European Directive 2007/60/EC on the assessment and management of flood risks. The analysis is performed by means of a quasi-2D hydraulic model, which has been developed on the basis of a laser-scanning DTM and a large amount of calibration data recorded during the significant flood event of October 2000.},
  issn = {1535-1459}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_deleeuwjoep_2012,
  title = {GEOMORPHOLOGY AND FLOODING SHAPE FISH DISTRIBUTION IN A LARGE-SCALE TEMPERATE FLOODPLAIN},
  author = {De Leeuw, Joep},
  year = {2012},
  journal = {River Research and Applications},
  number = {29},
  pages = {1226--1236},
  doi = {10.1002/rra.2610},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  abstract = {Natural river-floodplain systems are characterized by their dynamic hydrology and diverse geomorphology resulting in a wide range of habitats that support high fish diversity and production. Various factors (e.g. hydrological dynamics, water quality, and biotic processes) have been proposed to explain fish distribution in large river floodplains, but it is still widely acknowledged that the mechanisms involved may vary in diverse floodplain systems and that they are not fully understood. To determine how flooding dynamics and floodplain geomorphology influence fish species distributions across the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain, Russian Federation, we examined the distributions of eight species with respect to variables reflecting floodplain hydrology and geomorphology. On the basis of fish catches in 40 floodplain water bodies at the end of summer in 2006-2008, we found that frequency of occurrence of most fish species remained stable along the time. The distribution of fish species was strongly influenced by the size and shape of water bodies as well as flood extent. Therefore, the long-term flood variability that drives the geomorphic heterogeneity of the floodplain creates suitable habitats across ranges of fish flow guilds (rheophilic, eurytopic, and limnophilic), resulting in high diversity of the floodplain ichthyofauna. We conclude that this diverse habitat availability is a highly significant factor influencing fish distribution in the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.},
  issn = {1535-1459}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_peeljohns_2016,
  title = {Gastropods from the carboniferous (namurian) of congleton edge, cheshire, uk},
  author = {Peel, John S.},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Papers in Palaeontology},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {399--438},
  doi = {10.1002/spp2.1047},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {gastropods; taxonomy; late carboniferous; namurian; pennsylvanian},
  abstract = {Gastropod assemblages of late Carboniferous age (Namurian; Chokierian-Alportian) from the Morridge Formation at Pot Bank Quarry, Congleton Edge, Cheshire, contain 27 species, the most diverse gastropod fauna known from the Silesian of the southern UK. Chokierian sandstones yield a sparse assemblage of mainly high-spired Stegocoelia and bivalves, but flooding associated with the Hudsonoceras proteus marine band (basal Alportian) introduced a diverse invertebrate fauna in which the gastropod fraction is dominated by the bellerophontoideans Bellerophon, Retispira, Euphemites and Patellilabia, and the eotomarioid Angyomphalus. A later, previously unrecognized marine assemblage of probable Alportian age contains numerous small pleurotomariiform gastropods, but bellerophontoideans are less common and Angyomphalus is absent. In formal international usage the assemblages are of Pennsylvanian (Bashkirian Stage) age. One new genus Liraloron cornoviorum gen. et sp. nov. and the following new species are described: Retispira mowensis, Patellilabia britannica, Angyomphalus congletonensis, Neilsonia coatesi, N. ganneyica, Eirlysia ceramicorum, Meekospira acrolopha.},
  issn = {2056-2799}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_paganothomasc_2016,
  title = {Automation and human expertise in operational river forecasting},
  author = {Pagano, Thomas C. and Pappenberger, Florian and Wood, Andrew W. and Ramos, Maria-Helena and Persson, Anders and Anderson, Brett},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-WATER},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {692--705},
  doi = {10.1002/wat2.1163},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  abstract = {Increased automation and use of computer-aided decision support systems are attractive options for hydrologic forecasting agencies faced with growing product complexity and institutional resourcing pressures. Although the hydrologic literature has been nearly silent on the roles of expertise and automation in forecasting, other disciplines such as meteorology have had decades of open discussion on the topic. To address the lack of dialogue in hydrology on automation, this article seeks to contextualize relevant findings from similar disciplines, including meteorology, psychology, decision support systems, and interface design. We predict which aspects of operational hydrology have the greatest chance for successfully increasing automation in the near future. Some applications have employed higher levels of automation, notably flash flood forecasting which requires rapid response times, and extended prediction which requires heavy emphasis on uncertainty quantification. Short-range flood forecasting may be more challenging to automate and traditionally has been less automated than other types of forecasts, partly because of existing practices of interfacing with meteorologists and water system operators, and the difficulties in modeling human impacts on the water cycle. Overall, we suggest that the design of computer-aided decision support systems for forecasting systems should consider three factors: (1) processes change under automation and people may require new roles; (2) automation changes the way people behave, sometimes negatively; and (3) people may not have accurate perceptions of the quality of the automated guidance. Seven lessons learned from automation in meteorology are highlighted and translated into a hydrologic forecasting context, leading to a set of recommendations for how to make best use of expertise in increasingly automated systems.}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_brunnermanuelairene_2016,
  title = {Bivariate return periods and their importance for flood peak and volume estimation},
  author = {Brunner, Manuela Irene and Seibert, Jan and Favre, Anne-Catherine},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {WIREs Water},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {819--833},
  doi = {10.1002/wat2.1173},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  abstract = {Estimates of flood event magnitudes with a certain return period are required for the design of hydraulic structures. While the return period is clearly defined in a univariate context, its definition is more challenging when the problem at hand requires considering the dependence between two or more variables in a multivariate framework. Several ways of defining a multivariate return period have been proposed in the literature, which all rely on different probability concepts. Definitions use the conditional probability, the joint probability, or can be based on the Kendall's distribution or survival function. In this study, we give a comprehensive overview on the tools that are available to define a return period in a multivariate context. We especially address engineers, practitioners, and people who are new to the topic and provide them with an accessible introduction to the topic. We outline the theoretical background that is needed when one is in a multivariate setting and present the reader with different definitions for a bivariate return period. Here, we focus on flood events and the different probability concepts are explained with a pedagogical, illustrative example of a flood event characterized by the two variables peak discharge and flood volume. The choice of the return period has an important effect on the magnitude of the design variable quantiles, which is illustrated with a case study in Switzerland. However, this choice is not arbitrary and depends on the problem at hand.},
  issn = {2049-1948}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kapovisolomunmarijana_2021,
  title = {Flood legislation and land policy framework of EU and non-EU countries in Southern Europe},
  author = {Kapović Solomun, Marijana and Ferreira, Carla S. S. and Zupanc, Vesna and Ristić, Ratko and Drobnjak, Aleksandar and Kalantari, Zahra},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {WIREs Water},
  volume = {1},
  number = {9},
  pages = {1},
  doi = {10.1002/wat2.1566},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {eu flood legislation; land governance; policy framework; southern europe},
  abstract = {Floods are a widespread natural hazard affecting people and their assets in regions worldwide, including Southern Europe. Besides coastal floods, the Mediterranean region is highly prone to flash floods driven by short but intense precipitation events. With increasing flood risk due to climate change and socio-economic conditions, governments are under pressure to reinforce flood protection measures, which could be a great challenge for the weak economies of non-EU developing countries. This is of particular relevance to achieving international commitments such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Several policy frameworks have been developed to mitigate flooding risk, at European Union (EU) and global level. These frameworks call for a holistic risk reduction approach where governments, institutions, and households are all responsible for reducing risk. In practice, however, gray infrastructure remains the prevailing flood risk management measure in many countries. Incorporation into national legislation and implementation of the EU policy framework will increase constraints and pressures for non-EU countries, particularly those strongly committed to becoming EU members in future. This article provides a comprehensive review of policies and measures implemented in four different southern European countries to mitigate flood hazard, and compares governance aspects between EU (Portugal and Slovenia) and non-EU countries (B&H and Serbia). Understanding governance aspects and the status of flood-related policy implementation is of critical importance in protecting people and enhancing resilience to climate change impacts. Programs of improvement measures and further integration of sustainable water management with other sectoral policies are required to reduce flood risks.},
  issn = {2049-1948}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_barendrechtmarliesh_2024,
  title = {Exploring drought‐to‐flood interactions and dynamics: A global case review},
  author = {Barendrecht, Marlies H. and Matanó, Alessia and Mendoza, Heidi and Weesie, Ruben and Rohse, Melanie and Koehler, Johanna and de Ruiter, Marleen and Garcia, Margaret and Mazzoleni, Maurizio and Aerts, Jeroen C. J. H. and Ward, Philip J. and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Day, Rosie and Van Loon, Anne F.},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {WIREs Water},
  volume = {4},
  number = {11},
  pages = {4},
  doi = {10.1002/wat2.1726},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Online : John Wiley & Sons},
  abstract = {This study synthesizes the current understanding of the hydrological, impact, and adaptation processes underlying drought-to-flood events (i.e., consecutive drought and flood events), and how they interact. Based on an analysis of literature and a global assessment of historic cases, we show how drought can affect flood risk and assess under which circumstances drought-to-flood interactions can lead to increased or decreased risk. We make a distinction between hydrological, socio-economic and adaptation processes. Hydrological processes include storage and runoff processes, which both seem to mostly play a role when the drought is a multiyear event and when the flood occurs during the drought. However, which process is dominant when and where, and how this is influenced by human intervention needs further research. Processes related to socio-economic impacts have been studied less than hydrological processes, but in general, changes in vulnerability seem to play an important role in increasing or decreasing drought-to-flood impacts. Additionally, there is evidence of increased water quality problems due to drought-to-flood events, when compared to drought or flood events by themselves. Adaptation affects both hydrological (e.g., through groundwater extraction) or socio-economic (e.g., influencing vulnerability) processes. There are many examples of adaptation, but there is limited evidence of when and where certain processes occur and why. Overall, research on drought-to-flood events is scarce. To increase our understanding of drought-to-flood events we need more comprehensive studies on the underlying hydrological, socio-economic, and adaptation processes and their interactions, as well as the circumstances that lead to the dominance of certain processes.},
  issn = {2049-1948}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_lahsenmyanna_2021,
  title = {Politics of attributing extreme events and disasters to climate change},
  author = {Lahsen, Myanna and Ribot, Jesse},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews},
  volume = {1},
  number = {13},
  pages = {1},
  doi = {10.1002/wcc.750},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {blaming politics; causal attribution; climate change; disaster; experience; extreme events; media; vulnerability},
  abstract = {Climate change certainly shapes weather events. However, describing climate and weather as the cause of disasters can be misleading, since disasters are caused by pre-existing fragilities and inequalities on the ground. Analytic frames that attribute disaster to climate can divert attention from these place-based vulnerabilities and their socio-political causes. Thus, while politicians may want to blame crises on climate change, members of the public may prefer to hold government accountable for inadequate investments in flood or drought prevention and precarious living conditions. To be both strategic and moral, framing choices must therefore be sensitive to context-dependent political meanings and particularities, and to how the values implicit within analytic frames about the causes of disasters shape policy responses. Such sensitivity requires multicausal analysis of weather-linked disasters to illuminate a broader range of means to reduce the damages associated with climate change and weather extremes. Through examples from around the world, and especially Brazil, we discuss how and why climate-centric disaster framing can erase from view-and, thus, from policy agendas-the very socio-economic and political factors that most centrally cause vulnerability and suffering in weather extremes and disasters. We also offer a theoretical discussion of why attribution is not neutral. Analytic frameworks always embed choices about factors that matter, and thus are inherently normative and consequential for understandings of responsibility and action. This article is categorized under: Social Status of Climate Change Knowledge > Climate Science and Decision Making Highlight Attributing crises only to climate is inadequate from a mechanical, moral, and strategic policy points of view.},
  issn = {1757-7780}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_javelinedebra_2023,
  title = {Russia in a changing climate},
  author = {Javeline, Debra and Orttung, Robert and Robertson, Graeme and Arnold, Richard and Barnes, Andrew and Henry, Laura and Holland, Edward and Omelicheva, Mariya and Rutland, Peter and Schatz, Edward and Schenk, Caress and Semenov, Andrei and Sperling, Valerie and McIntosh Sundstrom, Lisa and Troitskiy, Mikhail and Twigg, Judyth and Wengle, Susanne},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews},
  volume = {2},
  number = {15},
  pages = {2},
  doi = {10.1002/wcc.872},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: John Wiley & Sons},
  keywords = {adaptation; agriculture; arctic; authoritarianism; civil society; climate change; disaster; flooding; forestry; fossil fuels; health; mitigation; russia; ukraine; urban; wildfire},
  abstract = {Climate change will shape the future of Russia, and vice versa, regardless of who rules in the Kremlin. The world's largest country is warming faster than Earth as a whole, occupies more than half the Arctic Ocean coastline, and is waging a carbon-intensive war while increasingly isolated from the international community and its efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Officially, the Russian government argues that, as a major exporter of hydrocarbons, Russia benefits from maintaining global reliance on fossil fuels and from climate change itself, because warming may increase the extent and quality of its arable land, open a new year-round Arctic sea route, and make its harsh climate more livable. Drawing on the collective expertise of a large group of Russia-focused social scientists and a comprehensive literature review, we challenge this narrative. We find that Russia suffers from a variety of impacts due to climate change and is poorly prepared to adapt to these impacts. The literature review reveals that the fates of Russia's hydrocarbon-dependent economy, centralized political system, and climate-impacted population are intertwined and that research is needed on this evolving interrelationship, as global temperatures rise and the international economy decarbonizes in response.},
  issn = {1757-7780}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_englundoskar_2020,
  title = {Multifunctional perennial production systems for bioenergy: performance and progress},
  author = {Englund, Oskar and Dimitriou, Ioannis and Dale, Virginia H. and Kline, Keith L. and Mola-Yudego, Blas and Murphy, Fionnuala and English, Burton and McGrath, John and Busch, Gerald and Negri, Maria Cristina and Brown, Mark and Goss, Kevin and Jackson, Sam and Parish, Esther S. and Cacho, Jules and Zumpf, Colleen R. and Quinn, John and Mishra, Shruti K.},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews},
  doi = {10.1002/wene.375},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {biomass; land use; multifunctional production systems; perennial crops},
  abstract = {As the global population increases and becomes more affluent, biomass demands for food and biomaterials will increase. Demand growth is further accelerated by the implementation of climate policies and strategies to replace fossil resources with biomass. There are, however, concerns about the size of the prospective biomass demand and the environmental and social consequences of the corresponding resource mobilization, especially concerning impacts from the associated land-use change. Strategically integrating perennials into landscapes dominated by intensive agriculture can, for example, improve biodiversity, reduce soil erosion and nutrient emissions to water, increase soil carbon, enhance pollination, and avoid or mitigate flooding events. Such ?multifunctional perennial production systems? can thus contribute to improving overall land-use sustainability, while maintaining or increasing overall biomass productivity in the landscape. Seven different cases in different world regions are here reviewed to exemplify and evaluate (a) multifunctional production systems that have been established to meet emerging bioenergy demands, and (b) efforts to identify locations where the establishment of perennial crops will be particularly beneficial. An important barrier towards wider implementation of multifunctional systems is the lack of markets, or policies, compensating producers for enhanced ecosystem services and other environmental benefits. This deficiency is particularly important since prices for fossil-based fuels are low relative to bioenergy production costs. Without such compensation, multifunctional perennial production systems will be unlikely to contribute to the development of a sustainable bioeconomy.},
  issn = {2041-8396}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dottorif_2013,
  title = {Detailed data is welcome, but with a pinch of salt: Accuracy, precision, and uncertainty in flood inundation modeling},
  author = {Dottori, F. and Di Baldassarre, G. and Todini, E.},
  year = {2013},
  journal = {Water resources research},
  volume = {9},
  number = {49},
  pages = {6079--6085},
  doi = {10.1002/wrcr.20406},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: American Geophysical Union (AGU)},
  issn = {0043-1397}
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ferreiracarlasofiasantos_2021,
  title = {Nature-Based Solutions for Flood Mitigation and Resilience in Urban Areas},
  author = {Ferreira, Carla Sofia Santos and Potočki, Kristina and Kapović-Solomun, Marijana and Kalantari, Zahra},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Nature-Based Solutions for Flood Mitigation},
  pages = {59--78},
  doi = {10.1007/698_2021_758},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Cham : Springer Nature},
  keywords = {flood mitigation; nature-based solutions; urban areas; urban resilience; water pollution},
  abstract = {Urban areas face several environmental problems and risks related to water management, such as floods and degradation of water quality, enhancing population vulnerability and threatening urban sustainability. These problems are expected to be exacerbated with increasing urbanization and climate change, which leads to higher frequency and intensity of hydrometeorological extremes. Moving towards more flood resilient cities has proven a major challenge, particularly considering the high concentration of population and economic activities and, thus, high pressure on limited available space. Nature-based solutions (NBS) in urban areas favour stormwater retention, infiltration, and filtration, contributing to flood mitigation and enhancement of water quality. The effectiveness of different NBS on stormwater management, however, is influenced by design and placement aspects, but a network of connected NBS elements can improve flood mitigation and enhance urban resilience. Stronger evidence of the advantages of NBS, however, is still required to overcome the current challenges and barriers impairing their wider implementation in urban areas.}
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_pintolusvalena_2021,
  title = {Assessment of NBS Impact on Pluvial Flood Regulation Within Urban Areas: A Case Study in Coimbra, Portugal},
  author = {Pinto, Luís Valença and Pereira, Paulo and Gazdic, Milan and Ferreira, António and Ferreira, Carla S.S.},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Nature-Based Solutions for Flood Mitigation},
  pages = {289--312},
  doi = {10.1007/698_2021_769},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Cham : Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},
  keywords = {co-benefits; green infrastructure; nature-based solutions; pluvial floods; runoff management; urban areas},
  abstract = {The majority of the world population is living in urban areas. As cities expand, soil sealing increases the vulnerability of urban areas to pluvial floods, and the consequent impacts on social and economic domains. Flood mitigation typically relies on grey infrastructures, but the implementation of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) can be critical to cope with increasing flood hazard driven by urbanization and climate change. By mimicking natural hydrological processes, NBS enhance water retention, infiltration and evapotranspiration through greening, leading to lower runoff and flood hazard. The effectiveness of NBS on flood mitigation is affected by several factors including the type of NBS and the biophysical characteristics of the area. Nevertheless, a relatively limited number of studies have monitored the impact of NBS, and thus the lack of knowledge is still a barrier to the widespread implementation of this approach. This chapter assesses the impact of a Green Infrastructure (GI) located in Coimbra (Portugal), which performs as a NBS for runoff management and flood hazard mitigation. The study applies the widely used Curve Number method to estimate runoff within the Quinta de São Jerónimo study site, driven by rainfall events of 2-, 5-, 10- and 20-years recurrence, based on Intensity–Duration–Frequency precipitation curves. The results show that the implemented NBS can retain runoff produced by 20-years flood, decreasing the flood peak and flood hazard in downstream urban areas. This efficiency is achieved by combining blue, green and grey elements, and proved useful to enhance urban resilience. Furthermore, the green and blue elements of the NBS provide additional ecosystem services, including environmental, social and economic benefits (co-benefits), relevant for human well-being in urban areas.}
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kalantarizahra_2021,
  title = {Using Landscape Connectivity to Identify Suitable Locations for Nature-Based Solutions to Reduce Flood Risk},
  author = {Kalantari, Zahra and Seifollahi-Aghmiuni, Samaneh and Nordin von Platen, Malin and Gustafsson, Matilda and Rahmati, Omid and Santos Ferreira, Carla Sofia and Nordin von Platen, Hanna},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Handbook of Environmental Chemistry},
  pages = {339--354},
  doi = {10.1007/698_2021_771},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Cham : Springer Nature},
  keywords = {connectivity; flood risk mitigation; nature-based solutions; urban areas; wetlands},
  abstract = {Climate change and population growth are exacerbating environmental challenges and natural hazards. Extreme events such as flooding due to heavy precipitation are occurring more frequently and becoming more severe throughout the world. Future projections indicate increasing risks and serious threats to human societies, particularly those living in urban areas. To mitigate associated socio-economic challenges and support sustainable urban development, nature-based solutions (NBS) are being introduced in mitigation and adaptation strategies. However, NBS need to be carefully located and suitably designed to achieve their full potential in terms of flood mitigation. Landscape connectivity, addressing various landscape processes and components, can potentially be utilized for land management and biodiversity conservation. For instance, hydrological connectivity within a catchment, as part of the landscape connectivity, describes the main water flow pathways and areas where runoff tends to accumulate, and can thus be useful in identifying the best locations for NBS from a hydrological viewpoint. In this chapter, we describe use of landscape connectivity to identify suitable locations for NBS to reduce flood risk in urban areas, and exemplify the process for two distinct urban catchments, located in Sweden and Portugal. The results showed good usefulness of the method and revealed the importance of integrating connectivity mapping into future NBS planning practices and decision support systems.}
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ferreiracarlass_2021,
  title = {Introduction: Nature-Based Solutions for Flood Mitigation},
  author = {Ferreira, Carla S. S. and Kalantari, Zahra and Hartmann, Thomas and Pereira, Paulo},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Nature-Based Solutions for Flood Mitigation},
  pages = {1--7},
  doi = {10.1007/698_2021_776},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Cham : Springer Nature},
  keywords = {flood mitigation; nature-based solutions; socio-economic aspects; water management; water quality},
  abstract = {Floods are one of the most common natural disasters affecting numerous people worldwide. Over the last years, Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) have gained attention as an emerging approach for flood mitigation that can complement traditional grey infrastructures. NBS provide several ecosystem services, including flood mitigation and improved water quality. Increasing political awareness and interest from the scientific community have led to the implementation of NBS worldwide. This contribution provides an overview of the concept of NBS for flood mitigation, focusing on (1) the environmental impacts of NBS, (2) the effectiveness of NBS in flood mitigation based on several case studies, and (3) the socio-economic aspects of NBS. Compiling the latest research, this book furthers our understanding of the role of NBS for flood mitigation and its relation to environmental aspects, to guide students, managers, practitioners, policy-makers, and scientists in future NBS projects.}
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ferreiracarlass_2021_1,
  title = {Conclusions},
  author = {Ferreira, Carla S. S. and Kalantari, Zahra and Hartmann, Thomas and Pereira, Paulo},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Nature-Based Solutions for Flood Mitigation},
  pages = {507--513},
  doi = {10.1007/698_2021_777},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Cham : Springer},
  keywords = {barriers; flood mitigation; multifunctionality; nature-based solutions; transdiciplinarity},
  abstract = {Mitigating and adapting to increasing flood risk driven by climate change and growing urbanization is still a challenge for humanity. Over the last decades, the Nature Based Solutions (NBS) approach has received increasing interest from governments, academia and society, but its implementation is still in its infancy. This volume presented an up-to-date compilation about the current knowledge on NBS regarding their potential to mitigate several types of floods recorded in different environments, the associated advantages and limitations, and the barriers affecting their wider implementation. This concluding chapter provides a synthesis of the main messages of the chapters included in this volume, and it highlights the relevant aspects that must be considered for an effective and broader application of NBS. In this regard, particular attention is given to the need to maximize their multifunctionality and to consider the transdisciplinary nature of the NBS approach. }
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_cederwallklas_2012,
  title = {Dams, flood protection, and risk},
  author = {Cederwall, klas},
  year = {2012},
  journal = {Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series},
  pages = {207--212},
  doi = {10.1007/978-1-4020-4410-6_17},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands}
}

@misc{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_futtermartyn_2019,
  title = {Commentary: A (Mostly) Hydrological Commentary on the Small Retention Programs in the Polish Forests},
  author = {Futter, Martyn},
  year = {2019},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-23842-1_4},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  abstract = {From a hydrological perspective, flood risk management (FRM) is simple: reduce the height of the flood peak and the flood risk is reduced. In reality, a huge number of biophysical and societal factors complicate the process and many of the possible solutions are documented in national languages or otherwise inaccessible to a broad international audience. The Polish forest small retention program is unique in its manner of addressing these factors. The contribution of Matczak et al. (this volume) is especially welcome as it contributes to the English language literature on practical measures for upstream water retention so as to reduce downstream flood risk. While there are a few publications in English about the Polish programme, the voluminous Polish language literature is a treasure trove of useful information for forest managers interested in water retention as well as water managers who are interested in the flood reduction potential of the forest landscape.}
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bundschuhmirco_2020,
  title = {Pathways of Contaminant Transport Across the Aquatic-Terrestrial Interface: Implications for Terrestrial Consumers, Ecosystems, and Management},
  author = {Bundschuh, Mirco},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Contaminants and Ecological Subsidies : The Land-Water Interface},
  pages = {35--57},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-49480-3_3},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Cham : Springer International Publishing},
  abstract = {The role of freshwater ecosystems as a source of nutrients, energy, and contaminants to terrestrial ecosystems is relatively underappreciated compared with the impact of catchment properties on inputs to receiving surface waters. Aquatic contaminants can reach terrestrial ecosystems through biologically mediated pathways, such as emerging adult aquatic insects or aquatic prey consumed by terrestrial predators. Alternatively, contaminant transfer from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems occurs through abiotic pathways such as aqueous-phase or particle-bound contaminants transported via flood events to the surrounding terrestrial habitats. Once contaminants reach the terrestrial ecosystem, they may lead to top-down (consumer-driven) or bottom-up (producer-driven) effects on the terrestrial ecosystem/food web, yet our knowledge of these effects is still limited. In this chapter, we review the relative importance of these pathways of contaminant exposure in driving effects of aquatic contaminants on terrestrial ecosystems. We also summarize current knowledge about the effects of these exposures on terrestrial food webs. In this context, we discuss how the use of tools, such as stable isotope analysis, that untangle the complexity of aquatic contaminant effects on terrestrial ecosystems may support informed decision-making as part of chemical risk assessment or ecosystem management.}
}

@book{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_2025,
  title = {Climate change adaptation in the built environment: Transdisciplinary and Innovative Learning},
  year = {2025},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-031-75826-3},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  abstract = {Global climate change is one of the greatest environmental threats facing humanity and it is affecting every country on every continent. Recent evidence confirms a close liaison between climate change induced hazards and the built environment, as the built environment demonstrates a high fragility and vulnerability to hazardous situations. The impact of climate change is particularly pertinent to the built environment given the life expectancy of buildings and the fact that it is essential to adapt the existing built environment to deal with a climate that may be significantly different from that in which it evolved. Coastal regions are highly vulnerable to climate change because, in addition to changes in temperature, precipitation, and more frequent flooding, they will be affected by rising sea levels, wave heights, and accelerated coastal erosion. The built environment exerts considerable influence over coastal communities' local climate and environment. Coastal areas also tend to be highly populated, withmany vulnerable urban centres located near the coastal belt. In addressing such challenges, it is important to better understand the impacts of climate change on the built environment and to develop tangible climate adaptation measures for the built environment.}
}

@book{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_2014,
  title = {Adapting to an Uncertain Climate -Lessons from Practice},
  year = {2014},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-04876-5},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Springer},
  abstract = {Benefits policy developers and advisors, practitioners, researchers and others interested in dealing with uncertainty in climate adaptation decision-making Offers case studies from different geographical regions and a wide variety of real-life adaptation situations Presents a new support framework for climate change adaptation decisions under uncertainty Climate change highlights the challenges for long-term policy making in the face of persistent and irreducible levels of uncertainties. It calls for the development of flexible approaches, innovative governance and other elements that contribute to effective and adaptive decision-making. Exploring these new approaches is also a challenge for those involved in climate research and development of adaptation policy. Targeted specifically at policy developers and advisors, practitioners, climate knowledge brokers, researchers and interested adaptation decision-makers, this book differs from other titles addressing climate change adaptation anduncertainty by using real life cases to address distinct and pertinent uncertainties in actual adaptation situations. The editors introduce the role of uncertainties in informing adaptation decisions, showing why and how this is important, and why decisions do not have to wait until uncertainties are resolved. They go on to explore uncertainty assessments supporting decision-making on climate change adaptation, with sections on variability, uncertainty typology, climate change and projection of risks. A discussion of national adaptation planning follows with sections on sources and levels of uncertainty, communication of uncertainty and guidance for adaptation planning under uncertainty. The book provides a dozen real-life examples of adaptation decision making in the form of case studies: · Studies on water supply management in Portugal, England and Wales and Hungary · Studies on flooding, including flood risk in Ireland, coastal flooding and erosion in Southwest France and flood management in New Zealand’s Hutt River region · Studies on transport and utilities, including the Austrian Federal railway system and public transit in Dresden, and Québec hydro-electric power · A report examining communication of large numbers of climate scenarios in Dutch climate adaptation workshops The concluding section outlines a new support framework for adaptation decisions under uncertainty, as well as guidance, recommendations and decision support for readers to apply in their own work. In the spirit of the newly adopted EU Strategy on Adaptation to Climate Change, the book aims - as does the CIRCLE-2 project from which it emanates - to assist informed decision-making, and to provide added value through increased knowledge sharing.}
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_tessemaselomem_2015,
  title = {Watershed modeling as a tool for sustainable water resources management: SWAT model application in the Awash River basin, Ethiopia},
  author = {Tessema, Selome M. and Setegn, Shimelis G. and Mörtberg, Ulla},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Sustainability of Integrated Water Resources Management},
  pages = {579--606},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-12194-9_30},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Switzerland : Springer},
  keywords = {hydrological characteristics; distributed hydrological modeling; rainfall-runoff correlation; stream flow prediction; awash river basin; hydrology; hydrologi; mark- och vattenteknik; land and water resources engineering},
  abstract = {Improving the reliability of streamflow prediction under limited data conditions is a vital step to achieve a sustainable water management system. In many areas, when planning for balancing water demands for hydropower, irrigation, and ecosystem services as well as preventing flood risk, major gaps exist on baseline information of water resources. The prediction of streamflow requires adequate understanding of the characteristics of the river basin. Awash River basin has been a subject of large-scale flooding for several years mainly due to heavy rains and inadequate water resource management. The lack of decision support tools and limitation of available data hinder research and development in the area. The main objective of this study was to characterize the hydrological components of the upper part of Awash River basin under limited data condition. The optimal approach for this purpose was considered to be statistical analysis of the time series hydrometeorological data and to adapt existing hydrological models. The physically based Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was successfully calibrated and validated in the watershed. The performance of the model was evaluated based on the streamflow prediction at four subbasin outlets and the main outlet of the river basin. Model validation indicated that daily streamflows were predicted reasonably which was verified by Nash-Sutcliffe values ranging from 0.55 to 0.71. The evaluations from tributary rivers indicate that the drainage area is one of the important factors that affect the direct transferring of parameter values from one watershed to another. The catchment characteristics and its different hydrological components of the water balance are discussed.}
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bhattacharyaprosun_2010,
  title = {Natural Arsenic in Coastal Groundwaters in the Bengal Delta Region in West Bengal, India},
  author = {Bhattacharya, Prosun and Jacks, Gunnar and Nath, Bibhas and Chatterjee, Debashis and Biswas, Ashis and Halder, Dipti and Majumder, Santanu A. and Bhowmick, Subhamoy K. and Ramanathan, AL L.},
  year = {2010},
  journal = {Management and Sustainable Development of Coastal Zone Environments},
  pages = {146--160},
  doi = {10.1007/978-90-481-3068-9_10},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands},
  abstract = {Bengal Delta region is currently confronted with largest groundwater arsenic calamity in history of human kind (BGS-DPHE, 2001; Mukherjee and Bhattacharya, 2001; Bhattacharya et al., 2002a; McArthur et al., 2001; Smedley and Kinniburgh, 2002; Mukherjee et al., 2006; Nath et al., 2005, 2007, 2008). Concentrations of arsenic in drinking water wells in the region often exceed the WHO drinking water guideline value (10 μg L-1) and the national safe limit of both India and Bangladesh for arsenic in drinking water (Smedley and Kinniburgh, 2002; RGNDWM, 2002; CGWB, 1999; Bhattacharya et al., 2002a). About one third (35 million) population inhabiting in this region (West Bengal and Bangladesh), currently at risk of long-term arsenic exposure (Bhattacharya et al., 2001; RGNDWM, 2002; Chakraborti et al., 2004; Kapaj et al., 2006), are being diagnosed with a wide spectrum of adverse health impacts including skin disorders such as hyper/hypo-pigmentation, keratosis and melanosis and are also in hot-spot areas of BDP which is reflected in a rise in the number of cancer cases (Guha Mazumdar et al., 1988). The distribution pattern of arsenic occurrence in BDP is patchy and there are numerous hotspots of arsenic contamination in the semi-confined shallow Holocene aquifer (Bhattacharya et al., 1997; Smedley and Kinniburgh, 2002). The scale of the problem is serious both in terms of hotspots and geographic area coverage (173 × 10 3 km2, eastern part of Hoogly-Bhagirathi/Western part of Ganga-Padma-lower Meghna flood plains).}
}

@book{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_chendeliang_2024,
  title = {Water Resources in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin: Impact of Climate Change and Human Interventions},
  author = {Chen, Deliang and Liu, Junguo and Tang, Qiuhong},
  year = {2024},
  doi = {10.1007/978-981-97-0759-1},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Springer Singapore},
  keywords = {arsenic pollution; flood and droughts; open access; river basin governance; sdg13; sdg6; sustainable development; water-food-energy nexus},
  abstract = {This open access book provides a comprehensive, up-to-date picture of the current state of knowledge covering climate change, surface water change, arsenic pollution, water utilization, water-food-energy nexus, water related hazards, water management, and water governance in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin. Considering the widely concerned fact that the climate change and human intervention induced impacts on water will bring unprecedented threats to human societies and ecosystems, the book intends to support UN’s sustainable development goals through sustainable use of water by providing the most accurate and updated information on climate and water changes in a consistent way. Underlying all aspects of the book is a strong commitment to assessing the science comprehensively, without bias and in a way that is relevant to policy but not policy prescriptive. It can provide implications to support decision-makers and stakeholders for integrated water resources management and sustainable development at all levels.}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hyttineno_2016,
  title = {Holocene stratigraphy of the Ångermanälven River estuary, Bothnian Sea},
  author = {Hyttinen, O. and Kotilainen, A. T. and Virtasalo, J. J. and Kekäläinen, P. and Snowball, Ian and Obrochta, S. and Andrén, Thomas},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Geo-Marine Letters},
  volume = {3},
  number = {37},
  pages = {273--288},
  doi = {10.1007/s00367-016-0490-2},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer},
  keywords = {environmental studies; miljövetenskapliga studier; politik; ekonomi och samhällets organisering; politics; economy and the organization of society; östersjö- och östeuropaforskning; baltic and east european studies},
  abstract = {This study explores the Holocene depositional succession at the IODP Expedition 347 sites M0061 and M0062 in the vicinity of the Ångermanälven River estuary in the Bothnian Sea sector of the Baltic Sea in northern Scandinavia. Site M0061 is located in a coastal offshore setting (87.9 m water depth), whereas site M0062 is fully estuarine (69.3 m water depth). The dataset comprises acoustic profiles and sediment cores collected in 2007 and late 2013 respectively. Three acoustic units (AUs) were recognized. Lowermost AU1 is interpreted as a poorly to discontinuous stratified glaciofluvial deposit, AU2 as a stratified conformable drape of glaciolacustrine origin, and AU3 as a poorly stratified to stratified mud drift. A strong truncating reflector separates AU2 and AU3. Three lithological units (LUs) were defined in the sediment cores. LU1 consists of glaciofluvial sand and silt gradating into LU2, which consists of glaciolacustrine varves. A sharp contact interpreted as a major unconformity separates LU2 from the overlying LU3 (brackish-water mud). In the basal part of LU3, one debrite (site M0061) or two debrites (site M0062) were recognized. Information yielded from sediment physical properties (magnetic susceptibility, natural gamma ray, dry bulk density), geochemistry (total carbon, total organic carbon, total inorganic carbon and nitrogen), and grain size support the LU division. The depositional succession was formally subdivided into two alloformations: the Utansjö Alloformation and overlying Hemsön Alloformation; the Utansjö Alloformation was further subdivided into two lithostratigraphic formations: the Storfjärden and Åbordsön formations. The Storfjärden (sandy outwash) and Åbordsön (glaciolacustrine rhythmite) formations represent a glacial retreat systems tract, which started at ca. 10.6 kyr BP. Their deposition was mainly controlled by meltwater from the retreating ice margin, glacio-isostatic land uplift and the regressive (glacial) lake level. The Hemsön Alloformation (organic-rich brackish-water mud) represents a period of forced regression, starting possibly at ca. 9.5 kyr BP. At about 7 kyr BP, brackish water reached the study area as a result of the mid-Holocene marine flooding of the Baltic Sea Basin, but the rapid land uplift soon surpassed the associated (Littorina) transgression. Changed near-bottom current patterns, caused by the establishment of a permanent halocline, and the reduced sediment consistency caused by increased organic deposition resulted in a sharp and erosional base of the brackish-water mud. Estuarine processes and salinity stratification at site M0062 started to play a more important role. This study applies a combined allostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic approach over the conventional Baltic Sea stages. This approach makes it more straightforward to study this Baltic Sea deglaciation–postglacial sequence and compare it to other formerly glaciated shallow sea estuaries.},
  issn = {0276-0460}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_teutschbeinclaudia_2011,
  title = {Evaluation of different downscaling techniques for hydrological climate-change impact studies at the catchment scale},
  author = {Teutschbein, Claudia and Wetterhall, Fredrik and Seibert, Jan},
  year = {2011},
  journal = {Climate Dynamics},
  volume = {9},
  number = {37},
  pages = {2087--2105},
  doi = {10.1007/s00382-010-0979-8},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  keywords = {gcm; statistical downscaling; hydrological impact modeling; precipitation; temperature; streamflow; hbv; climate change; sweden; atmospheric circulation patterns; change scenarios; central sweden; daily precipitation; analog method; runoff model; gcm output; uncertainty; predictions; calibration},
  abstract = {Hydrological modeling for climate-change impact assessment implies using meteorological variables simulated by global climate models (GCMs). Due to mismatching scales, coarse-resolution GCM output cannot be used directly for hydrological impact studies but rather needs to be downscaled. In this study, we investigated the variability of seasonal streamflow and flood-peak projections caused by the use of three statistical approaches to downscale precipitation from two GCMs for a meso-scale catchment in southeastern Sweden: (1) an analog method (AM), (2) a multi-objective fuzzy-rule-based classification (MOFRBC) and (3) the Statistical DownScaling Model (SDSM). The obtained higher-resolution precipitation values were then used to simulate daily streamflow for a control period (1961-1990) and for two future emission scenarios (2071-2100) with the precipitation-streamflow model HBV. The choice of downscaled precipitation time series had a major impact on the streamflow simulations, which was directly related to the ability of the downscaling approaches to reproduce observed precipitation. Although SDSM was considered to be most suitable for downscaling precipitation in the studied river basin, we highlighted the importance of an ensemble approach. The climate and streamflow change signals indicated that the current flow regime with a snowmelt-driven spring flood in April will likely change to a flow regime that is rather dominated by large winter streamflows. Spring flood events are expected to decrease considerably and occur earlier, whereas autumn flood peaks are projected to increase slightly. The simulations demonstrated that projections of future streamflow regimes are highly variable and can even partly point towards different directions.},
  issn = {0930-7575}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bartlettrachele_2017,
  title = {Do differences in future sulfate emission pathways matter for near-term climate? A case study for the Asian monsoon},
  author = {Bartlett, Rachel E. and Bollasina, Massimo A. and Booth, Ben B. B. and Dunstone, Nick J. and Marenco, Franco and Messori, Gabriele and Bernie, Dan J.},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Climate Dynamics},
  volume = {5},
  number = {50},
  pages = {1863--1880},
  doi = {10.1007/s00382-017-3726-6},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  keywords = {anthropogenic aerosols; asian monsoon; atmospheric circulation; precipitation; climate model; future scenarios},
  abstract = {Anthropogenic aerosols could dominate over greenhouse gases in driving near-term hydroclimate change, especially in regions with high present-day aerosol loading such as Asia. Uncertainties in near-future aerosol emissions represent a potentially large, yet unexplored, source of ambiguity in climate projections for the coming decades. We investigated the near-term sensitivity of the Asian summer monsoon to aerosols by means of transient modelling experiments using HadGEM2-ES under two existing climate change mitigation scenarios selected to have similar greenhouse gas forcing, but to span a wide range of plausible global sulfur dioxide emissions. Increased sulfate aerosols, predominantly from East Asian sources, lead to large regional dimming through aerosol-radiation and aerosol-cloud interactions. This results in surface cooling and anomalous anticyclonic flow over land, while abating the western Pacific subtropical high. The East Asian monsoon circulation weakens and precipitation stagnates over Indochina, resembling the observed southern-flood-northern-drought pattern over China. Large-scale circulation adjustments drive suppression of the South Asian monsoon and a westward extension of the Maritime Continent convective region. Remote impacts across the Northern Hemisphere are also generated, including a northwestward shift of West African monsoon rainfall induced by the westward displacement of the Indian Ocean Walker cell, and temperature anomalies in northern midlatitudes linked to propagation of Rossby waves from East Asia. These results indicate that aerosol emissions are a key source of uncertainty in near-term projection of regional and global climate; a careful examination of the uncertainties associated with aerosol pathways in future climate assessments must be highly prioritised.},
  issn = {0930-7575}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_wangxuejia_2021,
  title = {Historical and future climates over the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin simulated by a regional climate model in CORDEX},
  author = {Wang, Xuejia and Chen, Deliang and Pang, Guojin and Gou, X. H. and Yang, M. X.},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Climate Dynamics},
  number = {56},
  pages = {2749--2771},
  doi = {10.1007/s00382-020-05617-4},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  keywords = {climate projection; yellow river basin; remo; extreme temperature; extreme precipitation; rcp scenario; meteorology & atmospheric sciences},
  abstract = {Despite the importance of the Yellow River to China, climate change for the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin (YRB) has been investigated far less than for other regions. This work focuses on future changes in mean and extreme climate of the YRB for the near-term (2021-2040), mid-term (2041-2060), and far-term (2081-2100) future, and assesses these with respect to the reference period (1986-2005) using the latest REgional MOdel (REMO) simulations, driven by three global climate models (GCMs) and assuming historical and future [Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 2.6 and 8.5] forcing scenarios, over the CORDEX East Asia domain at 0.22 degrees horizontal resolution. The results show that REMO reproduces the historical mean climate state and selected extreme climate indices reasonably well, although some cold and wet biases exist. Increases in mean temperature are strongest for the far-term in winter, with an average increase of 5.6 degrees C under RCP 8.5. As expected, the future temperatures of the warmest day (TXx) and coldest night (TNn) increase and the number of frost days (FD) declines considerably. Changes to mean temperature and FD depend on elevation, which could be explained by the snow-albedo feedback. A substantial increase in precipitation (34%) occurs in winter under RCP 8.5 for the far-term. Interannual variability in precipitation is projected to increase, indicating a future climate with more extreme events compared to that of today. Future daily precipitation intensity and maximum 5-day precipitation would increase and the number of consecutive dry days would decline under RCP 8.5. The results highlight that pronounced warming at high altitudes and more intense rainfall could cause increased future flood risk in the YRB, if a high GHG emission pathway is realized.},
  issn = {0930-7575}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_heinonenjussis_2018,
  title = {Enrichment of 18O in the mantle sources of the Antarctic portion of the Karoo large igneous province},
  author = {Heinonen, Jussi S. and Luttinen, Arto V. and Whitehouse, Martin J.},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology},
  volume = {3},
  number = {173},
  pages = {3},
  doi = {10.1007/s00410-018-1447-4},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  keywords = {the changing earth; den föränderliga jorden},
  abstract = {Karoo continental flood basalt (CFB) province is known for its highly variable trace element and isotopic composition, often attributed to the involvement of continental lithospheric sources. Here, we report oxygen isotopic compositions measured with secondary ion mass spectrometry for hand-picked olivine phenocrysts from ~ 190 to 180 Ma CFBs and intrusive rocks from Vestfjella, western Dronning Maud Land, that form an Antarctic extension of the Karoo province. The Vestfjella lavas exhibit heterogeneous trace element and radiogenic isotope compositions (e.g., εNd from − 16 to + 2 at 180 Ma) and the involvement of continental lithospheric mantle and/or crust in their petrogenesis has previously been suggested. Importantly, our sample set also includes rare primitive dikes that have been derived from depleted asthenospheric mantle sources (εNd up to + 8 at 180 Ma). The majority of the oxygen isotopic compositions of the olivines from these dike rocks (δ18O = 4.4–5.2‰; Fo = 78–92 mol%) are also compatible with such sources. The olivine phenocrysts in the lavas, however, are characterized by notably higher δ18O (6.2–7.5‰; Fo = 70–88 mol%); and one of the dike samples gives intermediate compositions (5.2‒6.1‰, Fo = 83–87 mol%) between the other dikes and the CFBs. The oxygen isotopic compositions do not correlate with radiogenic isotope compositions susceptible to crustal assimilation (Sr, Nd, and Pb) or with geochemical indicators of pyroxene-rich mantle sources. Instead, δ18O correlates positively with enrichments in large-ion lithophile elements (especially K) and 187Os. We suggest that the oxygen isotopic compositions of the Vestfjella CFB olivines primarily record large-scale subduction-related metasomatism of the sub-Gondwanan mantle (base of the lithosphere or deeper) prior to Karoo magmatism. The overall influence of such sources to Karoo magmatism is not known, but, in addition to continental lithosphere, they may be responsible for some of the geochemical heterogeneity observed in the CFBs.},
  issn = {0010-7999}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_peateiu_2005,
  title = {Volcanic stratigraphy of large-volume silicic pyroclastic eruptions during Oligocene Afro-Arabian flood volcanism in Yemen},
  author = {Peate, I U and Baker, J A and Al-Kadasi, M and Al-Subbary, A and Knight, K B and Riisager, Peter and Thirlwall, M F and Peate, D W and Renne, P R and Menzies, M A},
  year = {2005},
  journal = {Bulletin of Volcanology},
  volume = {2},
  number = {68},
  pages = {135--156},
  doi = {10.1007/s00445-005-0428-4},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer},
  abstract = {A new stratigraphy for bimodal Oligocene flood volcanism that forms the volcanic plateau of northern Yemen is presented based on detailed field observations, petrography and geochemical correlations. The > 1 km thick volcanic pile is divided into three phases of volcanism: a main basaltic stage ( 31 to 29.7 Ma), a main silicic stage ( 29.7 to 29.5 Ma), and a stage of upper bimodal volcanism ( 29.5 to 27.7 Ma). Eight large-volume silicic pyroclastic eruptive units are traceable throughout northern Yemen, and some units can be correlated with silicic eruptive units in the Ethiopian Traps and to tephra layers in the Indian Ocean. The silicic units comprise pyroclastic density current and fall deposits and a caldera-collapse breccia, and they display textures that unequivocally identify them as primary pyroclastic deposits: basal vitrophyres, eutaxitic fabrics, glass shards, vitroclastic ash matrices and accretionary lapilli. Individual pyroclastic eruptions have preserved on-land volumes of up to similar to 850 km(3). The largest units have associated co-ignimbrite plume ash fall deposits with dispersal areas > 1 x 10(7) km(2) and estimated maximum total volumes of up to 5,000 km(3), which provide accurate and precisely dated marker horizons that can be used to link litho-, bio- and magnetostratigraphy studies. There is a marked change in eruption style of silicic units with time, from initial large-volume explosive pyroclastic eruptions producing ignimbrites and near-globally distributed tuffs, to smaller volume (< 50 km(3)) mixed effusive-explosive eruptions emplacing silicic lavas intercalated with tuffs and ignimbrites. Although eruption volumes decrease by an order of magnitude from the first stage to the last, eruption intervals within each phase remain broadly similar. These changes may reflect the initiation of continental rifting and the transition from pre-break-up thick, stable crust supporting large-volume magma chambers, to syn-rift actively thinning crust hosting small-volume magma chambers.},
  issn = {0258-8900}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_simmonsisla_2017,
  title = {Extended SO2 outgassing from the 2014–2015 Holuhraun lava flow field, Iceland},
  author = {Simmons, Isla and Pfeffer, M. A. and Calder, Eliza and Galle, Bo and Arellano, Santiago and Coppola, D. and Barsotti, S.},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Bulletin of Volcanology},
  volume = {11},
  number = {79},
  pages = {11},
  doi = {10.1007/s00445-017-1160-6},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  keywords = {so2; doas; post-eruption outgassing; lava},
  abstract = {The 2014–2015 Holuhraun eruption was the largest fissure eruption in Iceland in the last 200 years. This flood basalt eruption produced ~ 1.6 km3 of lava, forming a lava flow field covering an area of ~ 84 km2. Over the 6-month course of the eruption, ~ 11 Mt of SO2 were released from the eruptive vents as well as from the cooling lava flow field. This work examines the post-eruption SO2 flux emitted by the Holuhraun lava flow field, providing the first study of the extent and relative importance of the outgassing of a lava flow field after emplacement. We use data from a scanning differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) instrument installed at the eruption site to monitor the flux of SO2. In this study, we propose a new method to estimate the SO2 emissions from the lava flow field, based on the characteristic shape of the scanned column density distribution of a homogenous source close to the ground. Post-eruption outgassing of the lava flow field continued for at least 3 months after the end of the eruption, with SO2 flux between < 1 and 9 kg/s. The lava flow field post-eruption emissions were not a significant contributor to the total SO2 released during the eruption; however, the lava flow field was still an important polluter and caused high concentrations of SO2 at ground level after lava effusion ceased.},
  issn = {0258-8900}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_yangtao_2008,
  title = {Spatio-temporal changes of hydrological processes and underlying driving forces in Guizhou region, Southwest China},
  author = {Yang, Tao and Chen, Xi and Xu, Chong-Yu and Zhang, Zhi-Cai},
  year = {2008},
  journal = {Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment (Print)},
  volume = {8},
  number = {23},
  pages = {1071--1087},
  doi = {10.1007/s00477-008-0278-7},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  keywords = {atmosphere and hydrosphere sciences},
  abstract = {Understanding the changes in streamflow and associated driving forces is crucial for formulating a sustainable regional water resources management strategy in the environmentally fragile karst area of the southwest China. This study investigates the spatio-temporal changes in streamflow of the Guizhou region and their linkage with meteorological influences using the Mann-Kendall trend analysis, singular-spectrum analysis (SSA), Lepage test, and flow duration curves (FDCs). The results demonstrate that: (1) the streamflow in the flood-season (June-August) during 1956-2000 increased significantly (confidence level a parts per thousand yen95%) in most catchments, closely consistent with the distinct increasing trend of annual rainfall over wet-seasons. The timings of abrupt change for streamflow in most catchments are found to occur at 1986; (2) streamflow in the Guizhou region experiences significant seasonal changes prior/posterior to 1986, and in most catchments the coefficient of variation of monthly streamflow increases; (3) spatial changes in streamflow indicate that monthly streamflow in the north-west decreases but increases in other parts; (4) the spatial high- and low-flow map (Q (5) and Q (95)) reveals an increase in the extremely large streamflow in the five eastern catchments but a decrease in the extremely low streamflow in the four eastern catchments and three western catchments during 1987-2000. An increase in streamflow, particularly extreme flows, during the flood season would increase the risk of extreme flood events, while a decrease in streamflow in the dry season is not beneficial to vegetation restoration in this ecologically fragile region.},
  issn = {1436-3240}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_yangtao_2009,
  title = {Regional flood frequency and spatial patterns analysis in the Pearl River Delta region using L-moments approach},
  author = {Yang, Tao and Xu, Chong-Yu and Shao, Quan-Xi and Chen, Xi},
  year = {2009},
  journal = {Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment (Print)},
  volume = {2},
  number = {24},
  pages = {165--182},
  doi = {10.1007/s00477-009-0308-0},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  keywords = {atmosphere and hydrosphere sciences},
  abstract = {The Pearl River Delta (PRD) has one of the most complicated deltaic drainage systems with probably the highest density of crisscross-river network in the world. This article presents a regional flood frequency analysis and recognition of spatial patterns for flood-frequency variations in the PRD region using the well-known index flood L-moments approach together with some advanced statistical test and spatial analysis methods. Results indicate that: (1) the whole PRD region is definitely heterogeneous according to the heterogeneity test and can be divided into three homogeneous regions; (2) the spatial maps for annual maximum flood stage corresponding to different return periods in the PRD region suggest that the flood stage decreases gradually from the riverine system to the tide dominated costal areas; (3) from a regional perspective, the spatial patterns of flood-frequency variations demonstrate the most serious flood-risk in the coastal region because it is extremely prone to the emerging flood hazards, typhoons, storm surges and well-evidenced sea-level rising. Excessive rainfall in the upstream basins will lead to moderate floods in the upper and middle PRD region. The flood risks of rest parts are identified as the lowest in entire PRD. In order to obtain more reliable estimates, the stationarity and serial-independence are tested prior to frequency analysis. The characterization of the spatial patterns of flood-frequency variations is conducted to reveal the potential influences of climate change and intensified human activities. These findings will definitely contribute to formulating the regional development strategies for policymakers and stakeholders in water resource management against the menaces of frequently emerged floods and well-evidenced sea level rising.},
  issn = {1436-3240}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ngongondocosmos_2011,
  title = {Regional frequency analysis of rainfall extremes in Southern Malawi using the index rainfall and L-moments approaches},
  author = {Ngongondo, Cosmo S. and Xu, Chong-Yu and Tallaksen, Lena M. and Alemaw, Berhanu and Chirwa, Tobias},
  year = {2011},
  journal = {Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment (Print)},
  volume = {7},
  number = {25},
  pages = {939--955},
  doi = {10.1007/s00477-011-0480-x},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  keywords = {cluster analysis; l-moments; regional frequency analysis; index rainfall; malawi; earth sciences},
  abstract = {Rainfall extremes often result in the occurrence of flood events with associated loss of life and infrastructure in Malawi. However, an understanding of the frequency of occurrence of such extreme events either for design or disaster planning purposes is often limited by data availability at the desired temporal and spatial scales. Regionalisation, which involves "trading time for space" by pooling together observations for stations with similar behavior, is an alternative approach for more accurate determination of extreme events even at ungauged areas or sites with short records. In this study, regional frequency analysis of rainfall extremes in Southern Malawi, large parts of which are flood prone, was undertaken. Observed 1-, 3-, 5- and 7-day annual maximum rainfall series for the period 1978-2007 at 23 selected rainfall stations in Southern Malawi were analysed. Cluster analysis using scaled at-site characteristics was used to determine homogeneous rainfall regions. L-moments were applied to derive regional index rainfall quantiles. The procedure also validated the three rainfall regions identified through homogeneity and heterogeneity tests based on Monte Carlo simulations with regional average L-moment ratios fitted to the Kappa distribution. Based on assessments of the accuracy of the derived index rainfall quantiles, it was concluded that the performance of this regional approach was satisfactory when validated for sites not included in the sample data. The study provides an estimate of the regional characteristics of rainfall extremes that can be useful in among others flood mitigation and engineering design.},
  issn = {1436-3240}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ngongondocosmo_2013,
  title = {Flood frequency under changing climate in the upper Kafue River basin, southern Africa: a large scale hydrological model application},
  author = {Ngongondo, Cosmo and Li, Lu and Gong, Lebing and Xu, Chong-Yu and Alemaw, Berhanu F.},
  year = {2013},
  journal = {Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment (Print)},
  volume = {8},
  number = {27},
  pages = {1883--1898},
  doi = {10.1007/s00477-013-0724-z},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  keywords = {climate change; floods; wasmod-d; peak over threshold; kafue river; southern africa},
  abstract = {The projected impacts of climate change and variability on floods in the southern Africa has not been well studied despite the threat they pose to human life and property. In this study, the potential impacts of climate change on floods in the upper Kafue River basin, a major tributary of the Zambezi River in southern Africa, were investigated. Catchment hydrography was delineated using the Hydro1k at a spatial resolution of 1 km. The daily global hydrological model WASMOD-D model was calibrated and validated during 1971-1986 and 1987-2001 with the simple-split sample test and during 1971-1980 and 1981-1990 with the differential split sample test, against observed discharge at Machiya gauging station. Predicted discharge for 2021-2050 and 2071-2100 were obtained by forcing the calibrated WASMOD-D with outputs from three GCMs (ECHAM, CMCC3 and IPSL) under the IPCC's SRES A2 and B1 scenarios. The three GCMs derived daily discharges were combined by assigning a weight to each of them according to their skills to reproduce the daily discharge. The two calibration and validation tests suggested that model performance based on evaluation criteria including the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient, Pearson's correlation coefficient (r), Percent Bias and R (2) was satisfactory. Flood frequency analysis for the reference period (1960-1990) and two future time slices and climate change scenarios was performed using the peak over threshold analysis. The magnitude of flood peaks was shown to follow generalised Pareto distribution. The simulated floods in the scenario periods showed considerable departures from the reference period. In general, flood events increased during both scenario periods with 2021-2050 showing larger change. The approach in our study has a strong potential for similar assessments in other data scarce regions.},
  issn = {1436-3240}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_brandtsanders_2016,
  title = {Modeling and visualizing uncertainties of flood boundary delineation: algorithm for slope and DEM resolution dependencies of 1D hydraulic models},
  author = {Brandt, S. Anders},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment (Print)},
  volume = {6},
  number = {30},
  pages = {1677--1690},
  doi = {10.1007/s00477-016-1212-z},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer},
  keywords = {1d hydraulic modeling; river flood inundation; uncertainty; quantile regression; geographical information systems (gis); digital elevation model (dem)},
  abstract = {As flood inundation risk maps have become a central piece of information for both urban and risk management planning, also a need to assess the accuracies and uncertainties of these maps has emerged. Most maps show the inundation boundaries as crisp lines on visually appealing maps, whereby many planners and decision makers, among others, automatically believe the boundaries are both accurate and reliable. However, as this study shows, probably all such maps, even those that are based on high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs), have immanent uncertainties which can be directly related to both DEM resolution and the steepness of terrain slopes perpendicular to the river flow direction. Based on a number of degenerated DEMs, covering areas along the Eskilstuna River, Sweden, these uncertainties have been quantified into an empirically-derived disparity distance equation, yielding values of distance between true and modeled inundation boundary location. Using the inundation polygon, the DEM, a value representing the DEM resolution, and the desired level of confidence as inputs in a new-developed algorithm that utilizes the disparity distance equation, the slope and DEM dependent uncertainties can be directly visualized on a map. The implications of this strategy should benefit planning and help reduce high costs of floods where infrastructure, etc., have been placed in flood-prone areas without enough consideration of map uncertainties.},
  issn = {1436-3240}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_brunnermanuelai_2018_1,
  title = {Synthetic design hydrographs for ungauged catchments: a comparison of regionalization methods},
  author = {Brunner, Manuela I. and Furrer, Reinhard and Sikorska, Anna E. and Viviroli, Daniel and Seibert, Jan and Favre, Anne-Catherine},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment (Print)},
  volume = {7},
  number = {32},
  pages = {1993--2023},
  doi = {10.1007/s00477-018-1523-3},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  keywords = {regionalization; ungauged catchments; design hydrographs; flood estimation; regression trees},
  abstract = {Design flood estimates for a given return period are required in both gauged and ungauged catchments for hydraulic design and risk assessments. Contrary to classical design estimates, synthetic design hydrographs provide not only information on the peak magnitude of events but also on the corresponding hydrograph volumes together with the hydrograph shapes. In this study, we tested different regionalization approaches to transfer parameters of synthetic design hydrographs from gauged to ungauged catchments. These approaches include classical regionalization methods such as linear regression techniques, spatial methods, and methods based on the formation of homogeneous regions. In addition to these classical approaches, we tested nonlinear regression models not commonly used in hydrological regionalization studies, such as random forest, bagging, and boosting. We found that parameters related to the magnitude of the design event can be regionalized well using both linear and nonlinear regression techniques using catchment area, length of the main channel, maximum precipitation intensity, and relief energy as explanatory variables. The hydrograph shape, however, was found to be more difficult to regionalize due to its high variability within a catchment. Such variability might be better represented by looking at flood-type specific synthetic design hydrographs.},
  issn = {1436-3240}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_passosmarlonvieira_2024,
  title = {Identifying regional hotspots of heatwaves, droughts, floods, and their co-occurrences},
  author = {Passos, Marlon Vieira and Kan, Jung-Ching and Destouni, Georgia and Barquet, Karina and Kalantari, Zahra},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment (Print)},
  volume = {10},
  number = {38},
  pages = {3875--3893},
  doi = {10.1007/s00477-024-02783-3},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  keywords = {compound extreme land weather events; hazard mapping; hydroclimatic hazard on land; index of land climate},
  abstract = {In this paper we present a framework to aid in the selection of optimal environmental indicators for detecting and mapping extreme events and analyzing trends in heatwaves, meteorological and hydrological droughts, floods, and their compound occurrence. The framework uses temperature, precipitation, river discharge, and derived climate indices to characterize the spatial distribution of hazard intensity, frequency, duration, co-occurrence, and dependence. The relevant climate indices applied are Standardized Precipitation Index, Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), Standardized Streamflow Index, heatwave indices based on fixed (HWIS) and anomalous temperatures (HWIE), and Daily Flood Index (DFI). We selected suitable environmental indicators and corresponding thresholds for each hazard based on estimated extreme event detection performance using receiver operating characteristics (ROC), area under curve (AUC), and accuracy, which is defined as the proportion of correct detections. We assessed compound hazard dependence using a Likelihood Multiplication Factor (LMF). We tested the framework for the case of Sweden, using daily data for the period 1922–2021. The ROC results showed that HWIS, SPEI12 and DFI are suitable indices for representing heatwaves, droughts, and floods, respectively (AUC > 0.83). Application of these indices revealed increasing heatwave and flood occurrence in large areas of Sweden, but no significant change trend for droughts. Hotspots with LMF > 1, mostly concentrated in Northern Sweden from June to August, indicated that compound drought-heatwave and drought-flood events are positively correlated in those areas, which can exacerbate their impacts. The novel framework presented here adds to existing hydroclimatic hazard research by (1) using local data and historical records of extremes to validate indicator-based hazard hotspots, (2) evaluating compound hazards at regional scale, (3) being transferable and streamlined, (4) attaining satisfactory performance for indicator-based hazard detection as demonstrated by the ROC method, and (5) being generalizable to various hazard types.},
  issn = {1436-3240}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_armandochaibojose_2021,
  title = {Formation and track of tropical cyclones Eline (2000) and Bonita (1996)},
  author = {Armando, Chaibo Jose and Yu, Zhao and Mavume, Alberto F. and Ongoma, Victor and Nyongesa, Aston Matwayi},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Meteorology and atmospheric physics (Print)},
  volume = {6},
  number = {133},
  pages = {1691--1706},
  doi = {10.1007/s00703-021-00835-9},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer},
  abstract = {The occurrence of extreme rainfall events over mainland Mozambique associated with tropical cyclones (TC) Eline and Bonita is studied. Bonita caused catastrophic flooding in the central and some parts of northern Mozambique, thus forming the basis of the present study. Results show that the intensity of these TCs was maintained by the easterly wind from the Mascarene High. The northeasterly monsoon wind and northwesterlies from the Benguela current converged at the center of the TC, acting as a moisture source. The rainfall related to the two TCs befell in three stages and its magnitude attenuated progressively from the coastal region toward inland, concurring with the degeneration of the TCs. In stage one, for Eline, rainfall mainly concentrated in Tete, Manica, Niassa, North of Gaza provinces, the coastal Nampula, Zambezia, Sofala and Inhambane provinces. During Bonita’s inner-core circulation landfall, the northern and few parts of central Bonita were directly inundated. In the second stage, for Eline, the center of concentration of rainfall was in the central and southern parts of Mozambique. The mechanisms, including warm-air advection, vertical wind shear, could have contributed at the same time to the lifting vital for the generation of the storm during the second stage. The information herein is essential for future forecasting and monitoring of TC over the Indian Ocean. The findings form a good reference in the understanding of the recent cyclones, Kenneth and Idai that were destructive over Mozambique.},
  issn = {0177-7971}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kundzewiczzw_2007,
  title = {Impacts of climate extremes on activity sectors: stakeholders' perspective},
  author = {Kundzewicz, Z. W. and Giannakopoulos, C. and Schwarb, M. and Stjernquist, Ingrid and Schlyter, Peter and Szwed, M. and Palutikof, J.},
  year = {2007},
  journal = {Journal of Theoretical and Applied Climatology},
  volume = {2},
  number = {93},
  pages = {117--132},
  doi = {10.1007/s00704-007-0327-z},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  keywords = {earth sciences},
  abstract = {Significant changes in the climatic system have been observed, which may be attributed to human-enhanced greenhouse effect. Even stronger changes are projected for the future, impacting in an increasing way on human activity sectors. The present contribution, prepared in the framework of the MICE (Modelling the Impact of Climate Extremes) Project of the European Union, reviews how climate change may impact on winter tourism in the Alpine region, intense precipitation and flood potential in central Europe, forest damage in Scandinavia and beach holidays in the Mediterranean coast. Impacts are likely to be serious and largely adverse. Due to a lack of adequate information and lack of broadly accepted and reliable mathematical models describing the impact of changes in climate extremes on these activity sectors, it has been found useful to use expert judgement based impact assessment. Accordingly, regional mini-workshops were organized serving as platforms for communication between scientists and stakeholders, vehicles for dissemination of the state-of-the-art of the scientific understanding and for learning stakeholders' view on extreme events, their impacts and the preparedness system. Stakeholders had the opportunity to react to the scientific results and to reflect on their perception of the likely impacts of projected changes in extremes on relevant activity sectors and the potential to adapt and avert adverse consequences. The results reported in this paper present the stakeholders' suggestions for essential information on different extreme event impacts and their needs from science.},
  issn = {0177-798X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_westerbergida_2010,
  title = {Precipitation data in a mountainous catchment in Honduras: quality assessment and spatiotemporal characteristics},
  author = {Westerberg, Ida and Walther, Alexander and Guerrero, José-Luis and Coello Midence Balthasar, Zairis Aida and Halldin, S. and Xu, Chong-Yu and Chen, Deliang and Lundin, Lars-Christer},
  year = {2010},
  journal = {Theoretical and Applied Climatology},
  volume = {3},
  number = {101},
  pages = {381--396},
  doi = {10.1007/s00704-009-0222-x},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Nature},
  keywords = {precipitation; interpolation; gap-filling; south america; earth sciences},
  abstract = {An accurate description of temporal and spatial precipitation variability in Central America is important for local farming, water supply and flood management. Data quality problems and lack of consistent precipitation  data impede hydrometeorological analysis in the 7,500 km2 Choluteca River basin in central Honduras, encompassing the capital  Tegucigalpa. We used precipitation data from 60 daily and 13 monthly stations in 1913–2006 from five local authorities and NOAA's Global  Historical Climatology Network. Quality control routines were developed to tackle the specific data quality problems. The quality-controlled data were characterised spatially and temporally, and compared with regional and  larger-scale studies. Two gapfilling methods for daily data and three interpolation methods for monthly and mean annual precipitation were compared. The coefficient-of-correlation-weighting method provided the best results for  gap-filling and the universal kriging method for spatial interpolation. In-homogeneity in the time series was the main quality problem, and 22% of the daily precipitation data were too poor to be used. Spatial autocorrelation for monthly precipitation was low during the dry season, and correlation increased markedly when data were temporally aggregated from a daily time scale to 4–5 days. The analysis manifested the high spatial and temporal variability caused by the diverse precipitationgenerating mechanisms and the need for an improved monitoring network.},
  issn = {0177-798X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bartelspia_2018,
  title = {Allochthonous Organic Matter Supports Benthic but Not Pelagic Food Webs in Shallow Coastal Ecosystems},
  author = {Bartels, Pia and Ask, Jenny and Andersson, Agneta and Karlsson, Jan and Giesler, Reiner},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Ecosystems (New York. Print)},
  volume = {7},
  number = {21},
  pages = {1459--1470},
  doi = {10.1007/s10021-018-0233-5},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer},
  keywords = {climate change; terrestrial organic carbon; stable isotope analysis; autochthonous production; benthic-pelagic coupling; food webs; bothnian sea},
  abstract = {Rivers transport large amounts of allochthonous organic matter (OM) to the ocean every year, but there are still fundamental gaps in how allochthonous OM is processed in the marine environment. Here, we estimated the relative contribution of allochthonous OM (allochthony) to the biomass of benthic and pelagic consumers in a shallow coastal ecosystem in the northern Baltic Sea. We used deuterium as a tracer of allochthony and assessed both temporal variation (monthly from May to August) and spatial variation (within and outside river plume). We found variability in allochthony in space and time and across species, with overall higher values for zoobenthos (26.2 +/- 20.9%) than for zooplankton (0.8 +/- 0.3%). Zooplankton allochthony was highest in May and very low during the other months, likely as a result of high inputs of allochthonous OM during the spring flood that fueled the pelagic food chain for a short period. In contrast, zoobenthos allochthony was only lower in June and remained high during the other months. Allochthony of zoobenthos was generally higher close to the river mouth than outside of the river plume, whereas it did not vary spatially for zooplankton. Last, zoobenthos allochthony was higher in deeper than in shallower areas, indicating that allochthonous OM might be more important when autochthonous resources are limited. Our results suggest that climate change predictions of increasing inputs of allochthonous OM to coastal ecosystems may affect basal energy sources supporting coastal food webs.},
  issn = {1432-9840}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hoppenreijsjacquelineht_2025,
  title = {Hydrochoric Seed Dispersal of Riparian Plants Follows Hydrological Patterns Closer Than Geomorphic Variation},
  author = {Hoppenreijs, Jacqueline H. T. and Eckstein, Rolf Lutz and Su, Xiaolei and Nilsson, Christer and Polvi, Lina E. and Lind, Lovisa},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Ecosystems},
  volume = {3},
  number = {28},
  pages = {3},
  doi = {10.1007/s10021-025-00972-x},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Nature},
  keywords = {dispersal; riparian vegetation; hydrology; geomorphology; seeds; plant diversity; germination; biology},
  abstract = {Water is an important dispersal vector for seeds of riparian plants, but little is known on how this form of dispersal, called hydrochory, varies throughout seasons and through geomorphically different areas. Therefore, we trapped seeds in 25 x 25 Astroturf mats along a free-flowing boreal river for an entire year. Sites mirrored the full range of geomorphic variation in the area and traps were emptied before and after the annual peak flow. The traps collected 2,062 seeds before the spring flood and 16,157 during the spring flood. While most of the seeds were deposited in the summer-low water traps (from now on "water edge") before the spring flood, they were distributed more equally in the riparian traps (defined as the level 40 cm above the water edge; from now on "riparian zone") during the spring flood. We found 77 species in total, of which 71 were at least recorded during the spring flood. Species numbers were higher at the water edge than at the riparian zone before and during the spring flood. Only 6.6% of the seeds, from 26 species, were viable. Most viable seeds were found in the water edge traps and, during the spring flood, in the riparian zone traps. While species that are primarily dispersed by water were not the most abundant among the viable seeds, they were the most species-rich group. This means that hydrochory is an important dispersal mechanism for riparian vegetation and an important contributor to riparian plant diversity in free-flowing rivers, and that changes in flow regimes, such as by flow regulation, can affect riparian vegetation composition.},
  issn = {1432-9840}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_storbjrksofie_2014,
  title = {The practice of settling and enacting strategic guidelines for climate adaptation in spatial planning: lessons from ten Swedish municipalities},
  author = {Storbjörk, Sofie and Uggla, Ylva},
  year = {2014},
  journal = {Regional Environmental Change},
  volume = {6},
  number = {15},
  pages = {1133--1143},
  doi = {10.1007/s10113-014-0690-0},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  keywords = {climate adaptation; spatial planning; implementation; waterfron developmnet; strategic guidelines; negotiating order; enviromental science},
  abstract = {Spatial planning is increasingly expected to address climate change adaptation. In a Swedish context, this has meant a predominant focus on risks of flooding, erosion and sea-level rise. Gradually, regulatory mechanisms and concrete strategies are evolving to support practical mainstreaming. The aim of this paper was to analyze how frontline planners approach climate change adaptation in an urban context, emphasizing the process of settling and enacting strategic guidelines in spatial planning. The study suggests that municipalities are being preactive, i.e., preparing to act by settling guidelines rather than proactively implementing change when planning for new settlements. Further, the process of accommodating climate risks involves problems. Settling strategic guidelines and determining appropriate levels for what to adapt to are but the start of approaching climate change. Guidelines represent more of an endeavor than settling absolute limits and actually applying the guidelines involves challenges of accessibility and esthetics where the new waterfront limits meets older city structures. Further, guidelines are seen as negotiable since an overarching principle is to maintain flexibility in planning to allow for continued waterfront planning. Pursuing this path is motivated by current demand and previous urban settlement patterns. Also, as future protective measures are needed to secure existing urban areas at risk of flooding and erosion, planners see no use in preventing further waterfront development. Although settling guidelines are important in preparing to act, their practical effectiveness all fall back to how they are actually implemented in daily planning. This leads us to problematize the role of strategic guidelines to secure a climate-proof spatial planning.},
  issn = {1436-3798}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_liskianjahelena_2019,
  title = {Governance and stakeholder perspectives of managed re-alignment: adapting to sea level rise in the Inner Forth estuary, Scotland},
  author = {Liski, Anja Helena and Ambros, Pontus and Metzger, Marc j. and Nicholas, Kimberly and W. Wilson, A. Meriwether and Krause, Torsten},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Regional Environmental Change},
  volume = {8},
  number = {19},
  pages = {2231--2243},
  doi = {10.1007/s10113-019-01505-8},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media B.V.},
  abstract = {With climate change, coastal areas are faced with unprecedented sea level rise and flooding, raising questions as to how societies will choose to adapt. One option is to strengthen existing sea walls to maintain current land uses; however, scientists, policy-makers and conservationists increasingly see the benefits of managed realignment, which is a nature-based coastal adaptation that involves the conversion of reclaimed farmland back to wetlands, allowing periodic local flooding in designated areas to reduce the risk of flooding downstream. We interviewed 16 local organisations, landowners and farmers and held workshops with 109 citizens living the Inner Forth estuary in eastern Scotland, to examine how managed realignment is supported by stakeholder attitudes and their engagement. Most of the farmers we interviewed prefer strengthened sea walls, to maintain their livelihoods and agricultural heritage. Citizens and local organisations were mainly supportive of managed realignment, because it provided wildlife and flood regulation benefits. However, we identified several barriers that could present obstacles to implementing managed realignment, for example, uncertainty whether it would support their principles of economic and rational decision-making. Our findings suggest that the local capacity to cope with rising sea levels is limited by lack of engagement with all relevant stakeholder groups, the limited scope of existing stakeholder partnerships and poor short-term funding prospects of landscape partnerships that would facilitate collaboration and discussion. We suggest that including citizens, landowners, farmers and industries would strengthen existing stakeholder deliberation and collaboration, and support the Inner Forth’s transition towards a more sustainable future shoreline.},
  issn = {1436-378X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ferdousmdruknul_2020,
  title = {The interplay between structural flood protection, population density, and flood mortality along the Jamuna River, Bangladesh},
  author = {Ferdous, Md Ruknul and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Brandimarte, Luigia and Wesselink, Anna},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Regional Environmental Change},
  volume = {1},
  number = {20},
  pages = {1},
  doi = {10.1007/s10113-020-01600-1},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: SPRINGER HEIDELBERG},
  keywords = {flood risk management; socio-hydrology; levee effect; bangladesh},
  abstract = {Levees protect floodplain areas from frequent flooding, but they can paradoxically contribute to more severe flood losses. The construction or reinforcement of levees can attract more assets and people in flood-prone area, thereby increasing the potential flood damage when levees eventually fail. Moreover, structural protection measures can generate a sense of complacency, which can reduce preparedness, thereby increasing flood mortality rates. We explore these phenomena in the Jamuna River floodplain in Bangladesh. In this study area, different levels of flood protection have co-existed alongside each other since the 1960s, with a levee being constructed only on the right bank and its maintenance being assured only in certain places. Primary and secondary data on population density, human settlements, and flood fatalities were collected to carry out a comparative analysis of two urban areas and two rural areas with different flood protection levels. We found that the higher the level of flood protection, the higher the increase of population density over the past decades as well as the number of assets exposed to flooding. Our results also show that flood mortality rates associated with the 2017 flooding in Bangladesh were lower in the areas with lower protection level. This empirical analysis of the unintended consequences of structural flood protection is relevant for the making of sustainable policies of disaster risk reduction and adaptation to climate change in rapidly changing environments.},
  issn = {1436-3798}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_pickeringkerrie_2023,
  title = {Socio-ecological challenges and food security in the 'salad bowl' of Fiji, Sigatoka Valley},
  author = {Pickering, Kerrie and Pearce, Tristan and Manuel, Lui and Doran, Brendan and Smith, Timothy F.},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Regional Environmental Change},
  volume = {2},
  number = {23},
  pages = {2},
  doi = {10.1007/s10113-023-02059-6},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Nature},
  keywords = {adaptation; fiji; food security; climate change; resilience; vulnerability},
  abstract = {This article examines food security in the Sigatoka Valley, one of the most productive food regions in Fiji, in the context of recent socio-ecological challenges through a case study of Narewa village. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews (n = 25), a fixed question food insecurity experience survey (n = 25), and a free listing exercise about preferred and consumed foods (n = 24). Results revealed that while most households had access to sufficient food, the increased frequency and intensity of droughts, tropical cyclones, and flooding caused almost half to worry about meeting their future food needs. To date, a culture of sharing within the village has helped most households access food but this will likely be inadequate to meet future needs as climate change is projected to impact food production. Given that the foundation of food production in Narewa, like other villages in the valley, relies on the long-term viability of agricultural systems, better focus needs to be placed on the natural resources that form the backbone of these systems such as water availability, soil health, and slope stability and their resilience to anthropogenic and natural stressors. Efforts that focus on protecting and enhancing local ecosystems in light of expected future climate change, combined with greater attention on food storage and the use of resilient crops, and enhancing social cohesion and sharing networks are needed to avoid breaching tipping points in the food system.},
  issn = {1436-3798}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kongsagerrico_2025,
  title = {Place Attachment and Climate-Related Hazards in Small Remote Communities in the Nordic Countries},
  author = {Kongsager, Rico and Baron, Nina and Harnesk, David and Kokorsch, Matthias and Heidenreich, Sara and Eriksson, Kerstin and Nedergaard, Mikkel and Vermina Plathner, Frida and Sjöström, Johan and Næss, Robert and de Korte, Laurien and Gisladottir, Johanna and Quinn, Tara and Bakke Lie, LB.},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Regional Environmental Change},
  volume = {3},
  number = {25},
  pages = {3},
  doi = {10.1007/s10113-025-02441-6},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media B.V.},
  abstract = {Global climate change is characterized by increasing and differentiated exposure to climate-related hazards such as floods, landslides, avalanches, storms, and wildfires (IPCC 2018, 2022). There is a significant volume of research on the effects of such events, and over the last decade, much of this research has been directed at where most lives and values can be saved by protective measures (e.g., Heikkinen et al. 2020; Dodman et al. 2022). However, there is less knowledge about how small and remote communities in the Nordic countries are affected by, perceive, and deal with the effects of a changing climate with increasing hazard exposure (Næss and Solli 2013). This Topical Collection focuses on such communities given that they also face climate-related hazards and in ways that cannot be solved with the same approaches as those in cities—since such approaches are not directly transferable for several reasons, such as available funding for robust infrastructure and mitigation measures as well as limited access to emergency services (Amundsen 2014; Baron 2020). In national and international political debates about climate change, some argue that climate-related risks could be eliminated by relocating the communities (Warner et al. 2013; UNHCR 2014; Nalau and Handmer 2018). When such arguments are proposed, they are often met with strong opposition from people in the affected local communities (Bonaiuto et al. 2016). This is unsurprising for many reasons, including that relocation also carries many risks and obstacles (Matti et al. 2023) and that relocation programs have been used to harm and oppress marginalized communities (see Lantto 2014). Studies of climate adaptation in small and remote communities benefit from understanding why people live where they do. This is important not only to understand better resistance against relocation from areas with high exposure to risk but also because an understanding of people’s ties to a place can provide a better insight into local risk perceptions and practices for dealing with hazards. The argument of the papers in this Topical Collection takes its starting point in the assumption that research can be designed to provide concrete support to small and remote communities on how they can prevent, prepare for, respond to, and recover from events and engage in political advocacy to expand on their capacities when local initiatives are insufficient (see also Waugh 2012; Cox and Hamlen 2015). The challenges related to climate change adaptation are complex and associated with natural processes as well as with social aspects. Hence, an interdisciplinary approach that integrates perspectives from natural and social sciences is required. The presented papers build on a multi-layered research approach that focuses on developing the capacity to deal with hazards in small communities, which are characterized by their remoteness. The papers limit their argument to the Nordic countries, since these countries share histories of welfare state models and are therefore largely comparable in the form of their public support systems and the citizens’ overall trust in the state (Esping-Andersen 1990, 2015). The papers in this Topical Collection were developed as a part of the “Climate Change Resilience in Small Communities in the Nordic Countries” (CliCNord—www.clicnord.org) research project, which aims to understand the effects of climate change on small communities in the Nordic countries. The project was initiated due to the limited knowledge about how small remote communities experience, perceive, and deal with the effects of a changing climate on themselves and on the ways that society can support their way of life. By collecting accounts and experiences about extreme events (floods, pluvial flooding, wildfires, landslides, flash floods, avalanches, and storms) or impacts (basal ice formation) that have affected communities in remote parts of Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Iceland, and the Faroe Islands (Fig. 1), the project aims to improve our understanding of how these communities have coped so far and perceive their present and future ability to cope with these changes.},
  issn = {1436-3798}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_calnermikael_2009,
  title = {Carbonate mud mounds, conglomerates, and sea-level history in the Katian (Upper Ordovician) of central Sweden},
  author = {Calner, Mikael and Lehnert, Oliver and Joachimski, Michael},
  year = {2009},
  journal = {Facies},
  volume = {1},
  number = {56},
  pages = {157--172},
  doi = {10.1007/s10347-009-0192-6},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media B.V.},
  abstract = {The Katian (Upper Ordovician) facies succession of the Siljan district, central Sweden, records some of the most prominent environmental changes in the Ordovician of Baltoscandia. These changes include two separate phases of major sea-level drawdown that were of basinwide and presumably global importance. The first regression and lowstand terminated an entire generation of carbonate mud mounds (the Kullsberg Limestone) and resulted in the formation of polymict carbonate conglomerates (SkAyenlberg Limestone) belonging to the Amorphognathus superbus Zone. New stable isotope data from the Amtjarn quarry shows that this is immediately after the peak of the Guttenberg Carbon Isotope Excursion (GICE), which reaches a delta C-13 peak value at 3.3aEuro degrees in the uppermost Amorphognathus tvaerensis Conodont Zone. A second major regression and sea-level lowstand is manifested by palaeokarst morphologies in the Slandrom Limestone, which formed close in time to the comparably minor Waynesville positive carbon excursion in the basal Amorphognathus ordovicicus Conodont Zone. The widespread exposure associated with this latter lowstand terminated carbonate production in much of the basin, and, during the subsequent flooding, organic-rich, graptolitic shale formed across most of Baltoscandia. The two corresponding sequence boundaries are amalgamated at the top of truncated carbonate mud mounds in the Siljan district, resulting in a pronounced Middle Katian hiatus in the immediate mound areas.},
  issn = {0172-9179}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ingrijohan_2005,
  title = {Geochemistry of major elements in a pristine boreal river system: hydrological compartments and flow paths},
  author = {Ingri, Johan and Widerlund, Anders and Land, M.},
  year = {2005},
  journal = {Aquatic geochemistry},
  volume = {1},
  number = {11},
  pages = {57--88},
  doi = {10.1007/s10498-004-2248-0},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  keywords = {applied geology; tillämpad geologi},
  abstract = {Once or twice weekly, water sampling was undertaken for a two and a half year period in the Kalix River, northern Sweden. Soil water, groundwater, water in tributaries and mire water were also sampled at several occasions. Samples were filtered and analysed for major dissolved elements and TOC. Although only 5 of the bedrock in the Kalix River drainage basin is situated in the Caledonian mountains (mostly schist, with some outcrops of dolomite and limestone), the chemical composition of the river, at the river mouth, is clearly influenced by water from the mountain areas. High dissolved Ca/Mg ratios in June and July indicate a large influence of water from the mountain areas during summer. The dissolved Si/Mg ratio increases when water from the woodland (bedrock consisting of Precambrian granitoids) predominates during snowmelt in May, but the ratio is low during summer when water from the mountains is increased. However, the low Si concentrations in the mountain areas are probably not primarily the result of the different rocks but more a reflection of the less intense weathering of silicate minerals in the mountains. High Si/Mg ratios are closely related to high TOC. All the major dissolved elements, except TOC, are diluted by snowmelt in May. However, the dilution varies for different elements. Based on the interpretations of major element ratios the melt water discharge in May reflects two major compartments in the woodland; peatland areas and the upper section of the soil. During summer and autumn storm events in the woodland most of the storm water originated from peatland. High K/Mg ratios in the river in May are related to water discharge from the upper section of the till. Low S/Mg ratios in the river indicate an influence of mire water from the woodland both during melt water discharge in May and during increased water discharge in autumn. The Ca/Mg ratios in tributaries in the woodland are consistently lower during melt water discharge compared with values in August. The lower Ca/Mg ratio in May probably reflects water that has been in contact with the B-horizon in the till during spring flood. Data show that the TOC discharged during spring flood originates from two major compartments in the landscape, the upper soil profile and peatland. Storm discharge of TOC during the rest of the year originates mostly from peatland.},
  issn = {1380-6165}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_conradsarah_2019_1,
  title = {The stability of Fe isotope signatures during low salinity mixing in subarctic estuaries},
  author = {Conrad, Sarah and Wuttig, Kathrin and Jansen, Nils and Rodushkin, Ilia and Ingri, Johan},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Aquatic geochemistry},
  volume = {5},
  number = {25},
  pages = {195--218},
  doi = {10.1007/s10498-019-09360-z},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer},
  keywords = {fe-isotopes; fe geochemistry; dissolved and particulate fe; organically complexed fe; fe(oxy)hydroxides; salinity gradient; spring flood; tillämpad geokemi; applied geochemistry},
  abstract = {We have studied iron (Fe)-isotope signals in particles (> 0.22 µm) and the dissolved phase (< 0.22 µm) in two subarctic, boreal rivers, their estuaries and the adjacent sea in northern Sweden. Both rivers, the Råne and the Kalix, are enriched in Fe and organic carbon (up to 29 µmol/L and up to 730 µmol/L, respectively). Observed changes in the particulate and dissolved phase during spring flood in May suggest different sources of Fe to the rivers during different seasons. While particles show a positive Fe-isotope signal during winter, during spring flood, the values are negative. Increased discharge due to snowmelt in the boreal region is most times accompanied by flushing of the organic-rich sub-surface layers. These upper podzol soil layers have been shown to be a source for Fe-organic carbon aggregates with a negative Fe-isotope signal. During winter, the rivers are mostly fed by deep groundwater, where Fe occurs as Fe(oxy)hydroxides, with a positive Fe-isotope signal. Flocculation during initial estuarine mixing does not change the Fe-isotope compositions of the two phases. Data indicate that the two groups of Fe aggregates flocculate diversely in the estuaries due to differences in their surface structure. Within the open sea, the particulate phase showed heavier δ56Fe values than in the estuaries. Our data indicate the flocculation of the negative Fe-isotope signal in a low salinity environment, due to changes in the ionic strength and further the increase of pH.},
  issn = {1380-6165}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kekuewasamuel_2021,
  title = {Temporal and Spatial Variabilities of Chemical and Physical Parameters on the Heron Island Coral Reef Platform},
  author = {Kekuewa, Samuel and Courtney, Travis and Cyronak, Tyler and Kindeberg, Theodor and Eyre, Bradley and Stoltenberg, Laura and Andersson, Andreas},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Aquatic Geochemistry},
  volume = {4},
  number = {27},
  pages = {241--268},
  doi = {10.1007/s10498-021-09400-7},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer},
  abstract = {Globally, coral reefs are threatened by ocean warming and acidification. The degree to which acidification will impact reefs is dependent on the local hydrodynamics, benthic community composition, and biogeochemical processes, all of which vary on different temporal and spatial scales. Characterizing the natural spatiotemporal variability of sea- water carbonate chemistry across different reefs is critical for elucidating future impacts on coral reefs. To date, most studies have focused on select habitats, whereas fewer studies have focused on reef scale variability. Here, we investigate the temporal and spatial seawa- ter physicochemical variability across the entire Heron Island coral reef platform, Great Barrier Reef, Australia, for a limited duration of six days. Autonomous sensor measure- ments at three sites across the platform were complemented by reef-wide boat surveys and discrete sampling of seawater carbonate chemistry during the morning and evening. Vari- ability in both temporal and spatial physicochemical properties were predominantly driven by solar irradiance (and its effect on biological activity) and the semidiurnal tidal cycles but were influenced by the local geomorphology resulting in isolation of the platform dur- ing low tide and rapid flooding during rising tides. As a result, seawater from previous tidal cycles was sometimes trapped in different parts of the reef leading to unexpected bio- geochemical trends in space and time. This study illustrates the differences and limitations of data obtained from high-frequency measurements in a few locations compared to low- frequency measurements at high spatial resolution and coverage, showing the need for a combined approach to develop predictive capability of seawater physicochemical proper- ties on coral reefs.},
  issn = {1380-6165}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_schindlers_2016,
  title = {Multifunctional floodplain management and biodiversity effects: a knowledge synthesis for six European countries},
  author = {Schindler, S. and O’Neill, F. H. and Biró, M. and Damm, C. and Gasso, V. and Kanka, R. and van der Sluis, T. and Krug, A. and Lauwaars, S. G. and Sebesvari, Z. and Pusch, M. and Baranovsky, B. and Ehlert, T. and Neukirchen, B. and Martin, J. R. and Euller, K. and Mauerhofer, Volker and Wrbka, T.},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation},
  volume = {7},
  number = {25},
  pages = {1349--1382},
  doi = {10.1007/s10531-016-1129-3},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Netherlands},
  keywords = {ecosystem services; flood protection; green infrastructure; river regulation; river restoration; water framework directive; anthropogenic effect; biodiversity; economic activity; ecosystem service; environmental policy; flood control; floodplain; knowledge; policy implementation; river management; service provision; stakeholder; europe},
  abstract = {Floodplain ecosystems are biodiversity hotspots and supply multiple ecosystem services. At the same time they are often prone to human pressures that increasingly impact their intactness. Multifunctional floodplain management can be defined as a management approach aimed at a balanced supply of multiple ecosystem services that serve the needs of the local residents, but also those of off-site populations that are directly or indirectly impacted by floodplain management and policies. Multifunctional floodplain management has been recently proposed as a key concept to reconcile biodiversity and ecosystem services with the various human pressures and their driving forces. In this paper we present biophysics and management history of floodplains and review recent multifunctional management approaches and evidence for their biodiversity effects for the six European countries Ireland, the Netherlands, Germany, Slovakia, Hungary and the Ukraine. Multifunctional use of floodplains is an increasingly important strategy in some countries, for instance in the Netherlands and Hungary, and management of floodplains goes hand in hand with sustainable economic activities resulting in flood safety and biodiversity conservation. As a result, biodiversity is increasing in some of the areas where multifunctional floodplain management approaches are implemented. We conclude that for efficient use of management resources and ecosystem services, consensual solutions need to be realized and biodiversity needs to be mainstreamed into management activities to maximize ecosystem service provision and potential human benefits. Multifunctionality is more successful where a broad range of stakeholders with diverse expertise and interests are involved in all stages of planning and implementation.},
  issn = {0960-3115}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hodsonandy_2009,
  title = {Glacier ecosystem response to episodic nitrogen enrichment in Svalbard, European High Arctic},
  author = {Hodson, Andy and Roberts, Tjarda Jane and Engvall, Anne-Christin and Holmen, Kim and Mumford, Paul},
  year = {2009},
  journal = {Biogeochemistry},
  volume = {3},
  number = {98},
  pages = {171--184},
  doi = {10.1007/s10533-009-9384-y},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  keywords = {nitrogen enrichment; arctic ecosystems; arctic glaciers; meltwater biogeochemistry; meteorology; meteorologi},
  abstract = {We describe the climatology, hydrology and biogeochemistry of an extreme nitrogen deposition event that occurred in the highly glacierised environment of the European High Arctic during June 1999. Meteorological analysis, three-dimensional air mass trajectories and a 3D transport model show that blocking high pressures over Scandinavia and the rapid advection of western European pollution toward Svalbard were sufficient to cause the most concentrated (1.15 ppm NO3-N and 1.20 ppm NH4-N), high magnitude (total 26 mm and up to 2.4 mm h(-1) at 30 m above sea level) nitrogen deposition event on record in this sensitive, high Arctic environment (78.91A degrees A N, 11.93A degrees A E). Since the event occurred when much of the catchment remained frozen or under snow cover, microbial utilisation of nitrogen within snowpacks and perennially unfrozen subglacial sediments, rather than soils, were mostly responsible for reducing N export. The rainfall event occurred long before the annual subglacial outburst flood and so prolonged (ca. 10 day) water storage at the glacier bed further enhanced the microbial assimilation. When the subglacial outburst eventually occurred, high runoff and concentrations of NO3 (-) (but not NH4 (+)) returned in the downstream rivers. Assimilation accounted for between 53 and 72% of the total inorganic nitrogen deposited during the event, but the annual NO3 (-) and NH4 (+) runoff yields were still enhanced by up to 5 and 40 times respectively. Episodic atmospheric inputs of reactive nitrogen can therefore directly influence the biogeochemical functioning of High Arctic catchments, even when microbial activity takes place beneath a glacier at a time when terrestrial soil ecosystems remain frozen and unresponsive.},
  issn = {0168-2563}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hinkeljochen_2012,
  title = {The effects of adaptation and mitigation on coastal flood impacts during the 21st century. An application of the DIVA and IMAGE models},
  author = {Hinkel, Jochen and van Vuuren, Detlef P. and Nicholls, Robert J. and Klein, Richard J. T.},
  year = {2012},
  journal = {Climatic Change},
  volume = {4},
  number = {117},
  pages = {783--794},
  doi = {10.1007/s10584-012-0564-8},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Verlag (Germany)},
  keywords = {medicine; atmosfärvetenskap},
  abstract = {This paper studies the effects of mitigation and adaptation on coastal flood impacts. We focus on a scenario that stabilizes concentrations at 450 ppm-CO2-eq leading to 42 cm of global mean sea-level rise in 1995-2100 (GMSLR) and an unmitigated one leading to 63 cm of GMSLR. We also consider sensitivity scenarios reflecting increased tropical cyclone activity and a GMSLR of 126 cm. The only adaptation considered is upgrading and maintaining dikes. Under the unmitigated scenario and without adaptation, the number of people flooded reaches 168 million per year in 2100. Mitigation reduces this number by factor 1.4, adaptation by factor 461 and both options together by factor 540. The global annual flood cost (including dike upgrade cost, maintenance cost and residual damage cost) reaches US$ 210 billion per year in 2100 under the unmitigated scenario without adaptation. Mitigation reduces this number by factor 1.3, adaptation by factor 5.2 and both options together by factor 7.8. When assuming adaptation, the global annual flood cost relative to GDP falls throughout the century from about 0.06 % to 0.01-0.03 % under all scenarios including the sensitivity ones. From this perspective, adaptation to coastal flood impacts is meaningful to be widely applied irrespective of the level of mitigation. From the perspective of a some less-wealthy and small island countries, however, annual flood cost can amount to several percent of national GDP and mitigation can lower these costs significantly. We conclude that adaptation and mitigation are complimentary policies in coastal areas.},
  issn = {0165-0009}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kebedeas_2015,
  title = {Direct and indirect impacts of climate and socio-economic change in Europe : a sensitivity analysis for key land- and water-based sectors},
  author = {Kebede, A. S. and Dunford, R. and Mokrech, M. and Audsley, E. and Harrison, P. A. and Holman, I. P. and Nicholls, R. J. and Rickebusch, S. and Rounsevell, M. D. A. and Sabaté, S. and Sallaba, Florian and Sanchez, A. and Savin, C. and Trnka, M. and Wimmer, F.},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Climatic Change},
  volume = {3},
  number = {128},
  pages = {261--277},
  doi = {10.1007/s10584-014-1313-y},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media B.V.},
  abstract = {Integrated cross-sectoral impact assessments facilitate a comprehensive understanding of interdependencies and potential synergies, conflicts, and trade-offs between sectors under changing conditions. This paper presents a sensitivity analysis of a European integrated assessment model, the CLIMSAVE integrated assessment platform (IAP). The IAP incorporates important cross-sectoral linkages between six key European land- and water-based sectors: agriculture, biodiversity, flooding, forests, urban, and water. Using the IAP, we investigate the direct and indirect implications of a wide range of climatic and socioeconomic drivers to identify: (1) those sectors and regions most sensitive to future changes, (2) the mechanisms and directions of sensitivity (direct/indirect and positive/negative), (3) the form and magnitudes of sensitivity (linear/non-linear and strong/weak/insignificant), and (4) the relative importance of the key drivers across sectors and regions. The results are complex. Most sectors are eitherdirectly or indirectly sensitive to a large number of drivers (more than 18 out of 24 drivers considered). Over twelve of these drivers have indirect impacts on biodiversity, forests, land use diversity, and water, while only four drivers have indirect effects on flooding. In contrast, for the urban sector all the drivers are direct. Moreover, most of the driver indicator relationships are non-linear, and hence there is the potential for ‘surprises’. This highlights the importance of considering cross-sectoral interactions in future impact assessments. Such systematic analysis provides improved information for decision-makers to formulate appropriate adaptation policies to maximise benefits and minimise unintended consequences.},
  issn = {0165-0009}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_alfierilorenzo_2016,
  title = {Increasing flood risk under climate change: a pan-European assessment of the benefits of four adaptation strategies},
  author = {Alfieri, Lorenzo and Feyen, Luc and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Climatic Change},
  volume = {3},
  number = {136},
  pages = {507--521},
  doi = {10.1007/s10584-016-1641-1},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  abstract = {Future flood risk in Europe is likely to increase due to a combination of climatic and socio-economic drivers. Effective adaptation strategies need to be implemented to limit the impact of river flooding on population and assets. This research builds upon a recently developed flood risk assessment framework at European scale to explore the benefits of adaptation against extreme floods. The effect of implementing four different adaptation measures is simulated in the modeling framework. Measures include the rise of flood protections, reduction of the peak flows through water retention, reduction of vulnerability and relocation to safer areas. Their sensitivity is assessed in several configurations under a high-end global warming scenario over the time range 1976-2100. Results suggest that the future increase in expected damage and population affected by river floods can be compensated through different configurations of adaptation measures. The adaptation efforts should favor measures targeted at reducing the impacts of floods, rather than trying to avoid them. Conversely, adaptation plans only based on rising flood protections have the effect of reducing the frequency of small floods and exposing the society to less-frequent but catastrophic floods and potentially long recovery processes.},
  issn = {0165-0009}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_johnsonfiona_2016,
  title = {Natural hazards in Australia: floods},
  author = {Johnson, Fiona and White, Christopher J. and van Dijk, Albert and Ekstrom, Marie and Evans, Jason P. and Jakob, Dörte and Kiem, Anthony S. and Leonard, Michael and Rouillard, Alexandra and Westra, Seth},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Climatic Change},
  volume = {1},
  number = {139},
  pages = {21--35},
  doi = {10.1007/s10584-016-1689-y},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Nature},
  abstract = {Floods are caused by a number of interacting factors, making it remarkably difficult to explain changes in flood hazard. This paper reviews the current understanding of historical trends and variability in flood hazard across Australia. Links between flood and rainfall trends cannot be made due to the influence of climate processes over a number of spatial and temporal scales as well as landscape changes that affect the catchment response. There are also still considerable uncertainties in future rainfall projections, particularly for sub-daily extreme rainfall events. This is in addition to the inherent uncertainty in hydrological modelling such as antecedent conditions and feedback mechanisms. Research questions are posed based on the current state of knowledge. These include a need for high-resolution climate modelling studies and efforts in compiling and analysing databases of sub-daily rainfall and flood records. Finally there is a need to develop modelling frameworks that can deal with the interaction between climate processes at different spatio-temporal scales, so that historical flood trends can be better explained and future flood behaviour understood.},
  issn = {0165-0009}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_depietriyaella_2018,
  title = {Changing urban risk: 140 years of climatic hazards in New York City},
  author = {Depietri, Yaella and McPhearson, Timon},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Climatic Change},
  volume = {1},
  number = {148},
  pages = {95--108},
  doi = {10.1007/s10584-018-2194-2},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  abstract = {Weather-related disasters are on the rise. The causes, whether driven by climate change or changes in exposure and vulnerability of social-ecological-technological systems are still uncertain. Here, we address this issue with an in-depth study of the variability in climate-related extreme events which have impacted New York City (NYC) over the past 140 years. NYC has not historically been viewed as a particularly hazard prone region. However, this perspective is changing, particularly after the disastrous consequences of Hurricane Sandy (2012). We constructed a systematic database of impactful climatic events and assessed multi-sector impacts. Results indicate that hazards have systematically affected the city, with heat waves as the deadliest events and hurricanes as the costliest. We analyzed climatic hazard trends focusing on heat waves and flooding only, since data for these events are available over the full-time frame of the study. We then examined impacts of the most severe of these two hazards using data from The New York Times. Our analyses show that flooding and heat wave extreme events have regularly affected the city over its history with a trend toward increasing mean number of hazards per decade. We highlight a trend of decreased mortality due to heat waves over time and increase in the impacts of heavy precipitation, primarily related to the expansion of the transportation system and potentially to climate change over this time period. We suggest that, especially in urban areas of developed countries such as NYC, changes in built up infrastructure may be the primary drivers of risk to natural hazards.},
  issn = {0165-0009}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_jimneznavarroinmaculadac_2025,
  title = {Modeling climate impacts on ecosystem services in an anthropized coastal lagoon for effective planning and adaptation},
  author = {Jiménez-Navarro, Inmaculada C. and López-Ballesteros, Adrián and Mesman, Jorrit P. and Trolle, Dennis and Pierson, Don and Senent-Aparicio, Javier},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Climatic Change},
  volume = {5},
  number = {178},
  pages = {5},
  doi = {10.1007/s10584-025-03926-3},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer},
  keywords = {gotm-wet; hydrological modelling; nutrients dynamics; swat +; water availability; water conditions},
  abstract = {Ecosystem services (ES) are nature's positive contributions to people, and recognizing them aids in landscape planning and management, highlighting the importance of preserving ecosystems. Understanding the relationship between ES and climate change is crucial for effective land management, making scenario simulation a valuable method for analyzing ES. This study focuses on analyzing regulation ES (RES) in the Mar Menor and its basin (El Campo de Cartagena) developing a satisfactory SWAT + and GOTM-WET model. Meteorological data from five global climate models were used to simulate two scenarios for long-term RES predictions. Our results show that climate change will raise temperatures by approximately 2 degrees C and reduce precipitation by 4-19% in Campo de Cartagena, despite an increase in torrential days. This will adversely affect all analyzed regulation ecosystem services (RES), altering nutrient dynamics (phosphorus input up by over 100%, nitrogen input down by 38%), decreasing water availability (water inflow reduced by 6-23%, green water by up to 6%, and blue water by up to 43%), and increasing flood risk, thereby compromising ecosystem resilience. Additionally, we anticipate worsened RES water conditions due to changes in the lagoon's physical, chemical, and biological characteristics, including a temperature rise of 2.2-3.7 degrees C, decreased oxygen levels, and an increase in chlorophyll by around 1 mg/m3. As a result, hypoxia and algae blooms are anticipated to become more frequent, further stressing the ecosystem.},
  issn = {0165-0009}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bhattacharyaprosun_2009,
  title = {Groundwater chemistry and arsenic mobilization in the Holocene flood plains in south-central Bangladesh},
  author = {Bhattacharya, Prosun and Hasan, Md Aziz and Sracek, Ondra and Smith, Euan and Ahmed, K. Matin and von Brömssen, Mattias and Huq, S. M. Imamul and Naidu, Ravi},
  year = {2009},
  journal = {Environmental Geochemistry and Health},
  number = {31},
  pages = {23--43},
  doi = {10.1007/s10653-008-9230-5},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  keywords = {groundwater; bangladesh; arsenic; redox buffering; speciation; precipitation of secondary minerals; sedimentary organic-carbon; bengal basin; drinking-water; southeastern; aquifer sediments; matlab upazila; ganges delta; west-bengal; shallow; india},
  abstract = {A comparative study of arsenic enrichment in the Bengal Delta (BD) was carried Out in three alluvial aquifers in south-central Bangladesh. Investigated sites included Sonargaon in Narayanganj, Chandina in Comilla and Sirajdikhan in Munshiganj districts. At all sites samples from different depths were collected, and water chemistry and redox status vs. depth trends were determined. The concentrations of DOC and HCO3- were highest at Sirajdikhan site, while at the Sonargaon and Chandina sites the concentrations were lower. On the contrary, the NH4+ concentration was high at the Chandina site as compared to the other sites. There was a good match between dissolved As and Fe at the Sirajdikhan and Sonargaon sites, but not at the Chandina site. The dissolved aqueous concentration of Mn was low at the Chandina site, which suggested that the Mn(IV) redox buffering step was missing. Speciation modeling indicated a possibility of siderite precipitation at all sites, but precipitation of rhodochrosite only at the Sonargaon and Sirajdikhan sites. At the Sirajdikhan site, the log P-CO2 values were very high (-1.37), which revealed the production Of CO2 in redox processes. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated an impact of sea water and redox status of different samples. These results suggest that the dissolved As is de-coupled from dissolved Mn because when released, As is re-adsorbed onto the Fe(Ill) minerals in solid phase, as well as from dissolved Fe when precipitation of Fe(II) minerals controls the aqueous concentrations of Fe. In addition, several other concurrent redox processes may exert kinetic constraints depending on refractory characteristics of Fe(II) minerals.},
  issn = {0269-4042}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bundschuhjochen_2010,
  title = {Targeting arsenic-safe aquifers for drinking water supplies},
  author = {Bundschuh, Jochen and Litter, Marta I. and Bhattacharya, Prosun},
  year = {2010},
  journal = {Environmental Geochemistry and Health},
  volume = {4},
  number = {32},
  pages = {307--315},
  doi = {10.1007/s10653-010-9308-8},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  keywords = {safe aquifers; arsenic; mitigation option; drinking water; groundwater; environmental chemistry},
  abstract = {At present, 70 countries worldwide are affected by groundwater contamination by arsenic (As) released from predominantly geogenic sources. Consequently, the As problem is becoming a global issue. The option to target As-safe aquifers, which uses geological, geochemical, hydrogeological, morphological and climatic similarities to delimit As-safe aquifers, appears as a sustainable mitigation option. Two pilot areas, Meghna Flood Plain in Matlab Upazila, representative of Bengal Delta in Bangladesh, and Rio Dulce Alluvial Cone, representing a typical aquifer setting in the Chaco-Pampean Plain in Argentina groundwater As occurrence, were compared. In rural Bangladesh, As removal techniques have been provided to the population, but with low social acceptance. In contrast, "targeting As-safe aquifers" was socially accepted in Bangladesh, where sediment color could be used to identify As-safe aquifer zones and to install safe wells. The investigation in Argentina is more complex because of very different conditions and sources of As. Targeting As-safe aquifers could be a sustainable option for many rural areas and isolated peri-urban areas.},
  issn = {0269-4042}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dibaldassarregiuliano_2011_1,
  title = {Timely Low Resolution SAR Imagery To Support Floodplain Modelling: a Case Study Review},
  author = {Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Schumann, G. and Brandimarte, Luigia and Bates, P.},
  year = {2011},
  journal = {Surveys in geophysics},
  volume = {3},
  number = {32},
  pages = {255--269},
  doi = {10.1007/s10712-011-9111-9},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  keywords = {hydrology; flood monitoring; inundation modelling; floodplain mapping},
  issn = {0169-3298}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_cuencacambronerom_2023,
  title = {Challenges and opportunities in the use of ponds and pondscapes as Nature-based Solutions},
  author = {Cuenca-Cambronero, M. and Blicharska, Malgorzata and Perrin, J. -a. and Davidson, T. A. and Oertli, B. and Lago, M. and Beklioglu, M. and Meerhoff, M. and Arim, M. and Teixeira, J. and De Meester, L. and Biggs, J. and Robin, J. and Martin, B. and Greaves, H. M. and Sayer, C. D. and Lemmens, P. and Boix, D. and Mehner, T. and Bartrons, M. and Brucet, S.},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Hydrobiologia},
  volume = {15},
  number = {850},
  pages = {3257--3271},
  doi = {10.1007/s10750-023-05149-y},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Nature},
  keywords = {ponds and pondscapes; nature-based solutions; nature contributions to people; freshwater biodiversity; climate change; societal challenges},
  abstract = {Ponds and "pondscapes" (networks of ponds) are crucial habitats for biodiversity and for delivering multiple benefits to humans, so-called "Nature's Contribution to People", such as climate mitigation and adaptation to climate change, creation, and maintenance of habitat for biodiversity, water purification, flood mitigation and cultural benefits (e.g., recreational possibilities). However, ponds are not often considered as Nature-based Solutions to provide all these benefits. In addition, there is insufficient knowledge on how to manage and restore ponds to maximise their role to increase the resilience of ecosystems and society to climate change. To facilitate improved implementation of ponds as Nature-based Solutions for the delivery of a wide range of Nature Contributions to People, it is important to generate and integrate biodiversity, ecosystems, societal, economic and policy knowledge. Hence, there is a need for evidence-based guidance to support the broader use of ponds. Here, we review the role of ponds and pondscapes in delivering Nature's Contributions to People and provide an overview of the challenges and opportunities for their broader implementation as Nature-based Solutions. Finally, we propose a conceptual framework that can help the implementation of pond Nature-based Solutions, and that outlines future research needs.},
  issn = {0018-8158}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_starrscottm_2014,
  title = {Spatial and temporal organization of macroinvertebrate assemblages in a lowland floodplain ecosystem},
  author = {Starr, Scott M. and Benstead, Jonathan P. and Sponseller, Ryan A.},
  year = {2014},
  journal = {Landscape Ecology},
  volume = {6},
  number = {29},
  pages = {1017--1031},
  doi = {10.1007/s10980-014-0037-8},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer},
  keywords = {connectivity; flood pulse; floodplain; invertebrate communities; spatiotemporal},
  abstract = {An important goal in ecology is to understand controls on community structure in spatially and temporally heterogeneous landscapes, a challenge for which riverine floodplains provide ideal laboratories. We evaluated how spatial position, local habitat features, and seasonal flooding interact to shape aquatic invertebrate community composition in an unregulated riverine floodplain in western Alabama (USA). We quantified sediment invertebrate assemblages and habitat variables at 23 sites over a 15-month period. Dissolved oxygen (DO) varied seasonally and among habitats, with sites less connected to the river channel experiencing frequent hypoxia (< 2 mg O-2 L-1) at the sediment-water interface. Differences in water temperature among sites were lowest (< 1 A degrees C) during winter floodplain inundation, but increased to > 14 A degrees C during spring and summer as sites became isolated. Overall, local habitat conditions were more important in explaining patterns in assemblage structure than was spatial position in the floodplain (e.g., distance to the main river channel). DO was an important predictor of taxonomic richness among sites, which was highest where hydrologic connections to the main river channel were strongest. Compositional heterogeneity across the floodplain was lowest immediately following inundation and increased as individual sites became hydrologically isolated. Our results illustrate how geomorphic structure and seasonal flooding interact to shape floodplain aquatic assemblages. The flood pulse of lowland rivers influences biodiversity through effects of connectivity on hydrologic flushing in different floodplain habitats, which may prevent the development of harsh environmental conditions that exclude certain taxa. Such interactions highlight the ongoing consequences of river regulation for taxonomically diverse floodplain ecosystems.},
  issn = {0921-2973}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dibaldassarregiuliano_2009_1,
  title = {Probability-weighted hazard maps for comparing different flood risk management strategies: a case study},
  author = {Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and CASTELLARIN, A and MONTANARI, A and BRATH, A},
  year = {2009},
  journal = {Natural Hazards},
  volume = {3},
  number = {50},
  pages = {479--496},
  doi = {10.1007/s11069-009-9355-6},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  abstract = {The study proposes an original methodology for producing probability-weighted hazard maps based on an ensemble of numerical simulations. These maps enable one to compare different strategies for flood risk management. The methodology was applied over a 270-km2 flood-prone area close to the left levee system of a 28-km reach of the river Reno (Northern Central Italy). This reach is characterised by the presence of a weir that allows controlled flooding of a large flood-prone area during major events. The proposed probability-weighted hazard maps can be used to evaluate how a structural measure such as the mentioned weir alters the spatial variability of flood hazard in the study area. This article shows an application by constructing two different flood hazard maps: a first one which neglects the presence of the weir using a regular levee system instead, and a second one that reflects the actual geometry with the weir. Flood hazard maps were generated by combining the results of several inundation scenarios, simulated by coupling 1D- and 2D-hydrodynamic models.},
  issn = {0921-030X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_keskitaloecarinah_2013,
  title = {Adaptation to climate change in the insurance sector: examples from the UK, Germany and the Netherlands},
  author = {Keskitalo, E Carina H and Vulturius, Gregor and Scholten, Peter},
  year = {2013},
  journal = {Natural Hazards},
  volume = {1},
  number = {71},
  pages = {315--334},
  doi = {10.1007/s11069-013-0912-7},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  keywords = {climate change; adaptation; insurance; the uk; germany; the netherlands},
  abstract = {Adaptation to climate change, particularly flood risks, may come to pose large challenges in the future and will require cooperation among a range of stakeholders. However, there presently exists little research especially on the integration of the private sector in adaptation. In particular, recently developed state programs for adaptation have so far been focused on the public sector. Insurance providers may have much to contribute as they offer other parts of society services to appropriately identify, assess and reduce the financial impacts of climate change-induced risks. This study aims to explore how the institutional distribution of responsibility for flood risk is being renegotiated within the UK, Germany and Netherlands. Examining how the insurance industry and the public sector can coordinate their actions to promote climate change adaptation, the study discusses how layered natural hazard insurance systems may result from attempts to deal with increasing risks due to increasing incidences of extreme events and climate change. It illustrates that concerns over the risks from extreme natural events have prompted re-assessments of the current systems, with insurance requiring long-term legislative frameworks that defines the objectives and responsibilities of insurers and the different political authorities.},
  issn = {0921-030X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_montesarchiovaleria_2014,
  title = {Comparison of methodologies for flood rainfall thresholds estimation},
  author = {Montesarchio, Valeria and Napolitano, Francesco and Rianna, Maura and Ridolfi, Elena and Russo, Fabio and Sebastianelli, Stefano},
  year = {2014},
  journal = {Natural Hazards},
  volume = {1},
  number = {75},
  pages = {909--934},
  doi = {10.1007/s11069-014-1357-3},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Netherlands},
  keywords = {hydrology; hydrologi},
  abstract = {A flood warning system based on rainfall thresholds makes it possible to issue alarms via an off-line approach. This technique is useful for mitigating the effects of flooding in small-to-medium-sized basins characterized by an extremely rapid response to rainfall. Rainfall threshold values specify the amount of precipitation that occurs over a given period of time and are dependent on both the amount of soil moisture and the spatiotemporal distribution of the rainfall. The precipitation generates a critical discharge in a particular river cross section. Exceeding these values can produce a critical situation in river sites that make them susceptible to flooding. In this work, we present a comparison of methodologies for estimating rainfall thresholds. Critical precipitation amounts are evaluated using empirical data, hydrological simulations and probabilistic methods. The study focuses on three small-to-medium-sized basins located in central Italy. For each catchment, historical data are first used to theoretically evaluate the empirical rainfall thresholds. Next, we calibrate a semi-distributed hydrological model that is validated using rain gauge and weather radar data. Critical rainfall depths over 30 min and 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h durations are then evaluated using the hydrological simulation. In the probabilistic approach, rainfall threshold values result from a minimization of two different functions, one following the Bayesian decision theory and the other following the informative entropy concept. In order to implement both functions, it is necessary to evaluate the joint probability function. The joint probability function is built up as a bivariate distribution of rainfall depth for a given duration with the corresponding flow peak value. Finally, in order to assess the performance of each methodology, we construct contingency tables to highlight the system performance.},
  issn = {0921-030X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_collenteurra_2014,
  title = {The failed-levee effect: Do societies learn from flood disasters?},
  author = {Collenteur, R. A. and de Moel, H. and Jongman, B. and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano},
  year = {2014},
  journal = {Natural Hazards},
  volume = {1},
  number = {76},
  pages = {373--388},
  doi = {10.1007/s11069-014-1496-6},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  keywords = {flood risk; population dynamics; demographic change; natural disasters},
  abstract = {Human societies have learnt to cope with flood risks in several ways, the most prominent ways being engineering solutions and adaptive measures. However, from a more sustainable point of view, it can be argued that societies should avoid or at least minimize urban developments in floodplain areas. While many scientists have studied the impact of human activities on flood risk, only a few studies have investigated the opposite relationships, i.e. the impacts of past flood events on floodplain development. In this study, we make an initial attempt to understand the impact of the occurrence of flood disasters on the spatial distribution of population dynamics in floodplain areas. Two different methodologies are used to uncover this relationship, a large-scale study for the USA and a case-study analysis of the 1993 Mississippi flood. The large-scale analysis is performed at county level scale for the whole of the USA and indicates a positive relationship between property damage due to flood events and population growth. The case-study analysis examines a reach of the Mississippi river and the territory, which was affected by flooding in 1993. Contrary to the large-scale analysis, no significant relationship is found in this detailed study. However, a trend of dampened population growth right after the flood followed by an accelerated growth a decade later could be identified in the raw data and linked to explanations found in the literature.},
  issn = {0921-030X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_prtzruben_2021,
  title = {A GIS-based approach to compare economic damages of fluvial flooding in the Neckar River basin under current conditions and future scenarios},
  author = {Prütz, Ruben and Månsson, Peter},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Natural Hazards},
  volume = {2},
  number = {108},
  pages = {1807--1834},
  doi = {10.1007/s11069-021-04757-y},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media B.V.},
  abstract = {Fluvial floods can cause significant damages and are expected to increase in magnitude and frequency throughout the twenty-first century due to global warming. Alongside hazard characteristics, damage potentials depend on exposure and vulnerability, which are changing in the wake of socio-economic developments. In the context of continuously evolving damage-causing factors, assessments of future changes in flood damage potentials are increasingly asked for by decision-makers in flood risk management. This study addresses this need by (a) providing a systematic review of contemporary assessment approaches to quantitatively compare direct economic losses from fluvial flooding under current and future conditions and (b) combining the reviewed approaches to an applicable methodology which is used in a case study to quantify changing flood damage potentials in the Neckar River basin in southern Germany. Therefore, a scoping study of contemporary flood damage assessment approaches supported by geographic information systems (GIS) is performed. The subsequent case study of the Neckar River prognoses a significant increase in average annual flood damages in the study area throughout the twenty-first century. The case study produces valid results with regards to current precipitation data, whereas the absence of verification data makes the validation of projected scenarios more difficult. To account for uncertainties surrounding these future projections, a nascent qualitative confidence estimation is introduced to reflect on the strength of knowledge underlying the used flood damage assessment methodology.},
  issn = {0921-030X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_aiyelokunoluwatobi_2021,
  title = {Credibility of design rainfall estimates for drainage infrastructures: extent of disregard in Nigeria and proposed framework for practice},
  author = {Aiyelokun, Oluwatobi and Pham, Quoc Bao and Aiyelokun, Oluwafunbi and Malik, Anurag and Adarsh, S. and Mohammadi, Babak and Linh, Nguyen Thi Thuy and Zakwan, Mohammad},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Natural Hazards},
  volume = {2},
  number = {109},
  pages = {1557--1588},
  doi = {10.1007/s11069-021-04889-1},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media B.V.},
  abstract = {Rainfall intensity or depth estimates are vital input for hydrologic and hydraulic models used in designing drainage infrastructures. Unfortunately, these estimates are susceptible to different sources of uncertainties including climate change, which could have high implications on the cost and design of hydraulic structures. This study adopts a systematic literature review to ascertain the disregard of credibility assessment of rainfall estimates in Nigeria. Thereafter, a simple framework for informing the practice of reliability check of rainfall estimates was proposed using freely available open-source tools and applied to the north central region of Nigeria. The study revealed through a synthesis matrix that in the last decade, both empirical and theoretical methods have been applied in predicting design rainfall intensities or depths for different frequencies across Nigeria, but none of the selected studies assessed the credibility of the design estimates. This study has established through the application of the proposed framework that drainage infrastructure designed in the study area using 100–1000-year return periods are more susceptible to error. And that the extent of the credibility of quantitative estimates of extreme rains leading to flooding is not equal for each variability indicator across a large spatial region. Hence, to optimize informed decision-making regarding flood risk reduction by risk assessor, variability and uncertainty of rainfall estimates should be assessed spatially to minimize erroneous deductions.},
  issn = {0921-030X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_paryanisina_2022,
  title = {Hybrid-based approaches for the flood susceptibility prediction of Kermanshah province, Iran},
  author = {Paryani, Sina and Bordbar, Mojgan and Jun, Changhyun and Panahi, Mahdi and Bateni, Sayed M. and Neale, Christopher M. U. and Moeini, Hamidreza and Lee, Saro},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Natural Hazards},
  volume = {1},
  number = {116},
  pages = {837--868},
  doi = {10.1007/s11069-022-05701-4},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  keywords = {flood susceptibility; support vector regression (svr); harris hawks optimization (hho); roc},
  abstract = {This study aims at optimizing the support vector regression (SVR) model using four metaheuristic methods, Harris hawks optimization (HHO), particle swarm optimization (PSO), gray wolf optimizer (GWO), and bat algorithm (BA). The intent is to create a reliable flood susceptibility map (FSM). In this regard, a flood inventory map for 617 flood locations was generated from the Google earth engine (GEE). Four hundred and thirty-two random locations (70%) were used for spatial flood susceptibility modeling, and 185 random locations (30%) were selected for testing hybrid approaches. Based on the available data and literature, the following eleven factors were selected: altitude, slope angle, slope aspect, plan curvature, stream power index (SPI), topographic wetness index (TWI), distance to river, lithology, drainage density, land use, and rainfall. The normalized frequency ratio (NFR) method was used to obtain a weight for each class of each factor. Next, flood susceptibility maps were produced by SVR-HHO, SVR-PSO, SVR-GWO, and SVR-BA hybrid models. The prediction power of hybrid models was assessed using various indicators of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, kappa coefficient, receiver operating curve (ROC) diagram, mean square error (MSE), and root-mean-square error (RMSE). Validation results indicated the area under the curve (AUC) of 85.8%, 85.7%, 85.5%, and 84.6% for the SVR-HHO, SVR-GWO, SVR-BA, and SVR-PSO hybrid models, respectively. The results from testing phase reveal the best performance of the SVR-HHO model (RMSE = 0.401, MSE = 0.160, sensitivity = 0.822, specificity = 0.800, accuracy = 0.811, and kappa = 0.622). The SVR-PSO model had a poor performance (RMSE = 0.406, MSE = 0.164, sensitivity = 0.827, specificity = 0.773, accuracy = 0.80, and kappa = 0.60). It can be concluded that the map produced by SVR-HHO is a feasible approach for modeling flood susceptibility. },
  issn = {0921-030X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_qasimiabdulbaser_2023,
  title = {Flood susceptibility prediction using MaxEnt and frequency ratio modeling for Kokcha River in Afghanistan},
  author = {Qasimi, Abdul Baser and Isazade, Vahid and Berndtsson, Ronny},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Natural Hazards},
  volume = {2},
  number = {120},
  pages = {28--28},
  doi = {10.1007/s11069-023-06232-2},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media B.V.},
  abstract = {Flooding is a natural but unavoidable disaster that occurs over time. Flooding threatens human life, property, and resources and affects regional and national economies. Through frequency ratio and MaxEnt modeling, flood sensitivity was determined in the Amu Darya River Basin in Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan. Slope, plan curvature, distance to river, rainfall, aspect, land use, elevation, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), soil type, lithology, Topographic Humidity Index (TWI), and drainage density were used to quantify flood susceptibility. In total, 88 flood points collected from Google Earth were used to train the frequency ratio model to predict flood susceptibility, and 34 GPS-recorded points of the flooded area were used to evaluate the model’s performance. The frequency ratio model displayed a success rate of above 86%. However, using a jackknife entropy test, the MaxEnt model yielded a 97% success rate. The results showed that rainfall, land use, distance to river, and soil type were the most important parameters for evaluating flood sensitivity. The developed models can help planners and decision-makers perform flood susceptibility mapping in the region by determining locations of flooding sensitivity.},
  issn = {0921-030X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_rislingaxel_2024,
  title = {A comparison of global flood models using Sentinel-1 and a change detection approach},
  author = {Risling, Axel and Lindersson, Sara and Brandimarte, Luigia},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Natural Hazards},
  volume = {12},
  number = {120},
  pages = {11133--11152},
  doi = {10.1007/s11069-024-06629-7},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer},
  keywords = {geovetenskap med inriktning mot miljöanalys; earth science with specialization in environmental analysis},
  abstract = {Advances in numerical algorithms, improvement of computational power and progress in remote sensing have led to the development of global flood models (GFMs), which promise to be a useful tool for large-scale flood risk management. However, performance and reliability of GFMs, especially in data-scarce regions, is still uncertain, as they are difficult to validate. Here we aim at contributing to develop alternative, more flexible, and consistent methods for GFM validation by applying a change detection analysis on synthetic aperture radar (CD-SAR) imagery obtained from the Sentinel-1 imagery, on a cloud-based geospatial analysis platform. The study addresses two main objectives. First, to validate four widely adopted GFMs with flood maps generated through the proposed CD-SAR approach. This exercise was conducted for eight different large river basins on four continents, to account for a diverse range of hydro-climatic environments. Second, to compare CD-SAR-derived flood maps with those obtained from alternative remote sensing sources. These comparative results offer valuable insights into the reliability of CD-SAR data as a validation tool, more specifically how it stacks up against flood maps generated by other remote sensing techniques.},
  issn = {0921-030X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_sarneeljmjudith_2017,
  title = {Legacy effects of altered flooding regimes on decomposition in a boreal floodplain},
  author = {Sarneel, J. M. Judith and Veen, Ciska},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Plant and Soil},
  volume = {1},
  number = {421},
  pages = {57--66},
  doi = {10.1007/s11104-017-3382-y},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer},
  keywords = {river management; ecosystem function; tbi; tea bag method; floodplain; boreal zone},
  abstract = {Since long-term experiments are scarce, we have poor understanding of how changed flooding regimes affect processes such as litter decomposition. We simulated short- and long-term changed flooding regimes by transplanting turfs between low (frequently flooded) and high (in-frequently flooded) elevations on the river bank in 2000 (old turfs) and 2014 (young turfs). We tested how incubation elevation, turf origin and turf age affected decomposition of standard litter (tea) and four types of local litter. For tea, we found that the initial decomposition rate (k) and stabilization (S) of labile material during the second decomposition phase were highest at high incubation elevation. We found intermediate values for k and S in young transplanted turfs, but turf origin was not important in old turfs. Local litter mass loss was generally highest at high incubation elevations, and effects of turf origin and turf age were litter-specific. We conclude that incubation elevation, i.e., the current flooding regime, was the most important factor driving decomposition. Soil origin (flooding history) affected decomposition of tea only in young turfs. Therefore, we expect that changes in flooding regimes predominantly affect decomposition directly, while indirect legacy effects are weaker and litter- or site-specific.},
  issn = {0032-079X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_floresbernardom_2019,
  title = {Soil erosion as a resilience drain in disturbed tropical forests},
  author = {Flores, Bernardo M. and Staal, Arie and Jakovac, Catarina C. and Hirota, Marina and Holmgren, Milena and Oliveira, Rafael S.},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Plant and Soil},
  volume = {1},
  number = {450},
  pages = {11--25},
  doi = {10.1007/s11104-019-04097-8},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  keywords = {dynamics; ecosystem services; feedback; forest restoration; global change; secondary forests},
  abstract = {Background Tropical forests are threatened by intensifying natural and anthropogenic disturbance regimes. Disturbances reduce tree cover and leave the organic topsoil vulnerable to erosion processes, but when resources are still abundant forests usually recover. Scope Across the tropics, variation in rainfall erosivity - a measure of potential soil exposure to water erosion - indicates that soils in the wetter regions would experience high erosion rates if they were not protected by tree cover. However, twenty-first-century global land cover data reveal that in wet South America tropical tree cover is decreasing and bare soil area is increasing. Here we address the role of soil erosion in a positive feedback mechanism that may persistently alter the functioning of disturbed tropical forests. Conclusions Based on an extensive literature review, we propose a conceptual model in which soil erosion reinforces disturbance effects on tropical forests, reducing their resilience with time and increasing their likelihood of being trapped in an alternative vegetation state that is persistently vulnerable to erosion. We present supporting field evidence from two distinct forests in central Amazonia that have been repeatedly disturbed. Overall, the strength of the erosion feedback depends on disturbance types and regimes, as well as on local environmental conditions, such as topography, flooding, and soil fertility. As disturbances intensify in tropical landscapes, we argue that the erosion feedback may help to explain why certain forests persist in a degraded state and often undergo critical functional shifts.},
  issn = {0032-079X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_wanxinyu_2010,
  title = {Similarity-Based Optimal Operation of Water and Sediment in a Sediment-Laden Reservoir},
  author = {Wan, Xin Yu and Wang, Guang Qian and Yi, Peng and Bao, Wei Min},
  year = {2010},
  journal = {Water resources management},
  volume = {15},
  number = {24},
  pages = {4381--4402},
  doi = {10.1007/s11269-010-9664-2},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Nature},
  keywords = {flood clustering; operation of water and sediment; sediment process at dam; sediment laden reservoir; similarity; total flow model; earth sciences},
  abstract = {Reservoir sedimentation is a severe problem because it leads to the loss of reservoir storage capacity Therefore, the sustainable management of water and sediment constitutes a critical measure in reservoir operation In this research, a model of similarity-based operation method of water and sediment which can improve the efficiency of reservoir operation strategies is presented Two parts comprise this method a similarity-based forecasting model for the sediment process at the dam, and a new operation mode of water and sediment based on the sediment process at the dam The similarity-based forecasting model is built on the total flow model of water and sediment, which requires less data Using the similarity among flood cases, the parameters of the model are calibrated by group, and are dynamically selected, an approach which enforces the suitability of parameters and improves the forecasting accuracy In terms of the sediment process at the dam the proposed optimal operation model of water and sediment improves the sediment venting efficiency and saves the water resource.},
  issn = {0920-4741}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_rezaiefatemeh_2026,
  title = {Evaluating the Impact of Climate and Land-Use Change on Flood Susceptibility on a Global Scale},
  author = {Rezaie, Fatemeh and Janizadeh, Saeid and Bateni, Sayed M. and Jun, Changhyun and Kim, Dongkyun and Kalantari, Zahra and Heggy, Essam},
  year = {2026},
  journal = {Water resources management},
  volume = {3},
  number = {40},
  pages = {3},
  doi = {10.1007/s11269-025-04404-2},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Nature},
  keywords = {flood; global climate model; machine learning algorithm; representative concentration pathway; shared socioeconomic pathway; susceptibility mapping},
  abstract = {The primary objective of this study was to investigate, for the first time on a global scale, the effects of spatial and temporal variability in climate and land use on the occurrence of floods in the twenty-first century using different shared socioeconomic pathway-representative concentration pathway (SSP-RCP) scenarios (i.e., SSP1-RCP2.6 and SSP5-RCP8.5). Uncertainties in climate and land-use change projections were considered using an average of 13 global climate models (GCMs) and the Land-Use Harmonization 2 (LUH2) dataset. Eight dynamic precipitation variables, seven land-use fractions, and seven topographic factors were used to generate flood susceptibility maps based on different current and future scenarios (2041–2060 and 2061–2080). Predictive models were developed using three machine learning algorithms (regularized logistic regression, boosted classification tree, and random forest [RF]). The predictive ability of these models was assessed in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The results indicated that RF outperformed the other models and had the highest predictive ability during the testing phase (sensitivity = 0.91, specificity = 0.86, PPV = 0.88, NPV = 0.90, and AUC = 0.96). In all current and future scenarios, the results revealed the impacts of land use and climate change in expanding the area characterized by high/very high flood susceptibility, particularly in Oceania (New Zealand, Fiji, Guam, and the Solomon Islands), Europe, and several Asian and African countries. Relative importance analysis based on the results of the best-performing model (RF) revealed the significant role of managed pasture, urban land, and precipitation-related variables in mapping flood-prone areas, while topographic variables played a comparatively minor role. These results provide a more accurate basis for assessing and mitigating the impact of floods, enhancing resilience, and ensuring public safety by considering future changes in land use and climate conditions.},
  issn = {0920-4741}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_rigetfrank_2011,
  title = {Mercury (Hg) Transport in a High Arctic River in Northeast Greenland},
  author = {Riget, Frank and Tamstorf, Mikkel P. and Larsen, Martin M. and Sondergaard, Jens and Asmund, Gert and Falk, Julie Maria and Sigsgaard, Charlotte},
  year = {2011},
  journal = {Water, Air and Soil Pollution},
  volume = {1},
  number = {222},
  pages = {233--242},
  doi = {10.1007/s11270-011-0819-4},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer},
  abstract = {In a warming climate, mercury (Hg) pathways in the Arctic can be expected to be affected. The Hg transport from the high arctic Zackenberg River Basin was assessed in 2009 in order to describe and estimate the mercury transported from land to the marine environment. A total of 95 water samples were acquired and filtered (0.4 mu m pore size), and Hg concentrations were determined in both the filtered water and in the sediment. A range of other elements were also measured in the water samples. Hg concentrations in the filtered water were in general highest in the beginning of the season when the water came mainly from melted snow. THg concentrations in the sediment were in general relatively constant or slightly decreasing until mid-August, where after the concentrations increased. A principal component analysis separated the samples into spring, summer and autumn samples indicating seasonal characteristics of the patterns of element concentrations. The total amount of Hg in the sediment transported was estimated to 2.6 kg. Approximately 60% of the sediment-transported Hg occurred during a 24-h flood in the beginning of August caused by a glacial lake outburst flood. The total amount of transported dissolved Hg was estimated to 46 g, and 13% of this transport occurred during the 24-h flood. If it is assumed that the Hg transport by Zackenberg River is representative for the general glacial rivers in East Greenland, the total Hg transport into the North Atlantic from Greenland alone is approximately 4.6 tons year(-1) with an estimated annual freshwater discharge of similar to 440 km(3).},
  issn = {1573-2932}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_lundstrmjano_2014,
  title = {Lower abundance of flood water mosquito larvae in managed wet meadows in the lower Dalalven floodplains, Sweden},
  author = {Lundström, Jan O. and Wengström, Åsa and Grandin, Ulf and Wissman, Jörgen and Schafer, Martina},
  year = {2014},
  journal = {Wetlands Ecology and Management},
  volume = {2},
  number = {23},
  pages = {257--267},
  doi = {10.1007/s11273-014-9377-z},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  keywords = {grassland management; control; floods; floodplain; mosquito; nuisance},
  abstract = {To investigate the effect of vegetation management on mosquito abundance on the floodplains of the River Dalalven, central Sweden, we studied abundance of floodwater mosquito larvae (mainly Aedes sticticus) using a paired design, comparing flooded wet meadows that were mowed or grazed by cattle to those that were unmanaged. Two floods occurred during the study year (2012), the first in conjunction with the spring flood in May and the second after heavy rainfall in July. We used the standard mosquito dipper to estimate mosquito larval abundance along transects from the shore towards permanent water on each meadow. The number of mosquito larvae was on average lower in each managed wet meadow compared to the corresponding unmanaged meadow, both in May (71 % reduction, SD = 28 %) and in July (35 % reduction, SD = 79 %). However, there was substantial variation in the difference between managed and unmanaged meadows among pairs. We measured water depth, temperature, estimated proportion of open water surface, soil nutrient levels and micro-topology. Some of the variation in larval abundance could be explained by differences in local conditions. Mosquito larval abundance increased with nutrient levels and occurrence of tussocks, and decreased with water depth and percentage open water surface, especially among unmanaged wetlands. This study suggests that mowing or grazing may reduce the abundance of floodwater mosquito larvae in flooded wet meadows. In addition, vegetation management seem to have the greatest effect on mosquito larval abundance in nutrient-rich wet meadows where tussocks are abundant.},
  issn = {0923-4861}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_granathgustaf_2014_1,
  title = {Assessment of an integrated peat-harvesting and reclamation method: peatland-atmosphere carbon fluxes and vegetation recovery},
  author = {Granath, Gustaf},
  year = {2014},
  journal = {Wetlands Ecology and Management},
  number = {23},
  pages = {491--504},
  doi = {10.1007/s11273-014-9399-6},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  abstract = {We document a two-year experimental trial of a recently-developed integrated peat-harvesting and reclamation technique at a poor fen in northern Ontario, Canada. We removed and conserved the uppermost similar to 0.3 m of peat in blocks while deeper peat was harvested from the resultant pit. We allowed the extraction pit to flood with shallow groundwater, and then reclaimed the conserved surficial peat blocks by transplanting them into the flooded pit where they formed a low, floating mat. In the 2nd year after harvest average Sphagnum cover in our experimental plot was intermediate (similar to 25 %) between hummocks (similar to 100 %) and hollows (similar to 10 %) at an adjacent unharvested reference plot. Mean rates of Sphagnum productivity were greater in the experimental plot (65-86 g m(-2) month(-1)) than in the reference plot (45-55 g m(-2) month(-1)) for both hummock (S. fuscum) and lawn (S. magellanicum) species, although not significantly so, indicating that the transplant had no adverse effects on Sphagnum health. The inundated soil conditions in the trial pit prevented the large carbon dioxide emissions that are characteristic of many harvested peatlands. During the second growing season midday net ecosystem exchange at the experimental plot was similar to that at hollows in the reference plot. However, the anoxic soil conditions in the experimental plot led to highly elevated methane emissions in both years. Our results demonstrate that the method can enable rapid re-establishment of a healthy Sphagnum mat and carbon dioxide sequestration function in harvested peatlands, although the global warming potential of our experimental trial was high due to elevated methane emissions.},
  issn = {0923-4861}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_wlzjan_2008,
  title = {Changes in toxicity and Ah receptor agonist activity of suspended particulate matter during flood events at the rivers Neckar and Rhine - a mass balance approach using in vitro methods and chemical analysis},
  author = {Wölz, Jan and Engwall, Magnus and Maletz, Sibylle and Olsman Takner, Helena and van Bavel, Bert and Kammann, Ulrike and Klempt, Martin and Weber, Roland and Braunbeck, Thomas and Hollert, Henner},
  year = {2008},
  journal = {Environmental Science and Pollution Research},
  volume = {7},
  number = {15},
  pages = {536--553},
  doi = {10.1007/s11356-008-0056-6},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Berlin / Heidelberg : Springer},
  keywords = {environmental chemistry},
  abstract = {Background, aim, and scope  As a consequence of flood events, runoff and remobilized sediments may cause an increase of ecotoxicologically relevant effects from contaminant reservoirs. Aquatic and terrestrial organisms as well as cattle and areas of settlement are exposed to dislocated contaminants during and after flood events. In this study, the impacts of two flood events triggered by intense rain at the rivers Neckar and Rhine (Southern Germany) were studied. Effects in correlation to flood flow were assessed at the river Neckar using samples collected at frequent intervals. River Rhine suspended particulate matter (SPM) was sampled over a longer period at normal flow and during a flood event. Three cell lines (H4L1.1c4, GPC.2D.Luc, RTL-W1) were used to compare Ah receptor agonist activity in different biotest systems. Multilayer fractionation was performed to identify causative compounds, focusing on persistent organic contaminants. Materials and methods  Native water and SPM of flood events were collected at the river Neckar and at the monitoring station (Rheinguetestation, Worms, Germany) of the river Rhine. Water samples were XAD-extracted. SPM were freeze-dried and Soxhlet-extracted using acetone and finally dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide. Resulting crude extracts were analyzed for cytotoxicity with the neutral red assay. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist activity was measured in a set of biological test systems (DR-CALUX, GPC.2D, and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assay) and different cell lines. In addition, crude extracts were fractionated using a combined method of multilayer (sequence of acidified silica layers) and carbon fractionation. Fractions from the multilayer fractionation contained persistent organic compounds (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs)); fractions from the carbon fractionation were separated into a PCDD/F and a PCB fraction. Dioxin-like activity of multilayer and carbon fractions was determined in the EROD assay and expressed as biological toxicity equivalency concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (bio-TEQs). The calculation of chemical equivalency concentrations (chem-TEQs) and comparison to bio-TEQ values allowed the determination of the contribution of the analyzed persistent compounds to the total biological effects measured. Results  Soluble compounds in native and extracted water samples resulted in no or minor activity in the toxicity tests, respectively. Filter residues of native water caused increased AhR-mediated activity at the peak of the flood. Activities of SPM of the river Neckar correlated well with the flow rate indicating a flood-dependent increase of toxicity culminating at the peak of flow. River Rhine SPM showed a decrease of activity regarding an SPM sample of the flood event compared to a long-term sample. Excellent correlations with AhR agonistic activity were determined for DR-CALUX and EROD assay, while the GPC.2D assay did not correlate with both other biotests. The activity of persistent dioxin-like acting compounds in multilayer and carbon fractionated PCDD/F and PCB fractions was low if compared to corresponding crude extracts. The congener pattern of PCDD/F revealed that the contaminations mainly originated from products and productions of the chlorine and organochlorine industries. Discussion  Native and extracted water samples could be shown to contain little or no cytotoxic or AhR agonistic compounds. In contrast, particle-bound compounds were shown to be the relevant effect-causing fraction, as indicated by the activities of filter residues of native water and SPM. Compounds other than fractionated persistent PCBs and PCDD/Fs were more relevant to explain AhR-mediated activities of crude flood SPM at both rivers assessed. Biologically detected activities could at least in part be traced back to chemically analyzed and quantified compounds. Conclusions  The calculation of the portion of persistent PCBs and PCDD/Fs in multilayer fractions causing the high inductions in the EROD assay in combination with chemical analysis provides a suitable tool to assess dioxin-like activity of persistent compounds in SPM sampled over the course of flood events. Depending on the catchment area and annual course of flood events, end points may either indicate an increase or a decrease of activity. In order to determine the ecological hazard potential of mobilized contaminants during flood events, the focus should be set on particle-bound pollutants. Furthermore, PCDD/Fs and PCBs, commonly expected to be the most relevant pollutants in river systems, could be shown to contribute only to a minor portion of the overall AhR-mediated activity. However, they might be most relevant for human exposure when considering persistence and bioaccumulation–biomagnification in the food chain. Recommendations and perspectives  As a consequence of climate change, flood events will increase in frequency and intensity at least in some regions such as Central Europe. Thus, it is crucial to identify the potential hazard of (re-)mobilized contaminants from reservoirs dislocated via floods and threatening especially aquatic organisms and cattle grazing in flood plains. Since other less persistent compounds seem to be more relevant to explain AhR-mediated activities in flood SPM, nonconventional PAHs and more polar compounds also need to be considered for risk assessment. Effect-directed analysis using broad-range fractionation methods taking into account compounds from polar to nonpolar should be applied for identification of pollutants causing biological effects, thus integrating biological and chemical parameters.},
  issn = {0944-1344}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hambergroger_2018_2,
  title = {The formation of unsaturated zones within cemented paste backfill mixtures: Effects on the release of copper, nickel, and zinc},
  author = {Hamberg, Roger and Maurice, Christian and Alakangas, Lena},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Environmental Science and Pollution Research},
  volume = {21},
  number = {25},
  pages = {20809--20822},
  doi = {10.1007/s11356-018-2222-9},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer},
  keywords = {tailings management; cement; trace metal leaching; tillämpad geokemi; applied geochemistry},
  abstract = {Flooding of cemented paste backfill (CPB) filled mine workings is, commonly, a slow process and could lead to the formation of unsaturated zones within the CPB-fillings. This facilitates the oxidation of sulfide minerals, and thereby increases the risk of trace-metal leaching. Pyrrhotitic tailings from a gold mine (CT), containing elevated concentrations of Ni, Cu and Zn, were mixed with cement and/or fly ash (1-3 wt. %) to form CT-CPB-mixtures. Pyrrhotite oxidation progressed more extensively during unsaturated conditions, where acidity resulted in dissolution of the Ni, Cu, and Zn associated with amorphous Fe-precipitates and/or cementitious phases. The establishment of acidic, unsaturated conditions in CT-CBP:s with low fractions (1 wt. %) of binders increased the Cu-release (to be higher than that from CT), owing to the dissolution of Cu-associated amorphous Fe-precipitates. In CT-CPB:s with relatively high proportions of binder, acidity from pyrrhotite oxidation was buffered to a greater extent. At this stage, Zn-leaching increased due the occurrence of fly ash-specific Zn-species soluble in alkaline conditions. Irrespective of binder proportion and water saturation level, the Ni- and Zn-release were lower, compared to that in CT. Fractions of Ni, Zn, and Cu associated with acid-soluble phases or amorphous Fe-precipitates, susceptible to remobilization under acidic conditions, increased in tandem with binder fractions. Pyrrhotite oxidation occurred irrespective of the water saturation level in the CPB-mixtures. That in turn, poses an environmental risk, whereas a substantial proportion of Ni, Cu and Zn were associated with acid-soluble phases.},
  issn = {0944-1344}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_waarasylvia_2021,
  title = {Ecological risk assessment of trace elements accumulated in stormwater ponds within industrial areas},
  author = {Waara, Sylvia and Johansson, Frida},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Environmental Science and Pollution Research},
  number = {29},
  pages = {27026--27041},
  doi = {10.1007/s11356-021-18102-0},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Heidelberg : Springer},
  keywords = {detention ponds; geoaccumulation index; metalloids; metals; risk quotients; sediment quality},
  abstract = {Stormwater ponds can provide flood protection and efficiently treat stormwater using sedimentation. As the ponds also host aquatic biota and attract wildlife, there is a growing concern that the sediment bound pollutants negatively affect aquatic organisms and the surrounding ecosystem. In this study, we used three methods to assess the accumulation and the potential ecological risk of 13 different heavy metals and metalloids (e.g. trace elements) including both elements that are frequently monitored and some which are rarely monitored in sediment from 5 stormwater ponds located within catchments with predominately industrial activities. Ecological risk for organisms in the older ponds was observed for both commonly (e.g. Cd, Cu, Zn) and seldom (e.g. Ag, Sb) monitored trace elements. The 3 methods ranked the degree of contamination similarly. We show that methods usually used for sediment quality assessment in aquatic ecosystems can also be used for screening the potential risk of other trace elements in stormwater ponds and may consequently be useful in stormwater monitoring and management. Our study also highlights the importance of establishing background conditions when conducting ecological risk assessment of sediment in stormwater ponds. © 2021, The Author(s).},
  issn = {0944-1344}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_joycepeterjames_2019,
  title = {Computer vision for LCA foreground modelling-an initial pipeline and proof of concept software, lcopt-cv},
  author = {Joyce, Peter James},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment},
  volume = {12},
  number = {24},
  pages = {2173--2190},
  doi = {10.1007/s11367-019-01636-4},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: SPRINGER HEIDELBERG},
  keywords = {process flow diagram; computer vision; lca foreground modelling; open-source software},
  abstract = {Purpose The majority of LCA studies begin with the drawing of a process flow diagram, which then needs to be translated manually into an LCA model. This study presents an initial image processing pipeline, implemented in an open-source software package, called lcopt-cv, which can be used to identify the boxes and links in a photograph of a hand-drawn process flow diagram and automatically create an LCA foreground model. Methods The computer vision pipeline consists of a total of 15 steps, beginning with loading the image file and conversion to greyscale. The background is equalised, then the foreground of the image is extracted from the background using thresholding. The lines are then dilated and closed to account for drawing errors. Contours in the image are detected and simplified, and rectangles (contours with four corners) are identified from the simplified contours as 'boxes'. Links between these boxes are identified using a flood-filling technique. Heuristic processing, based on knowledge of common practice in drawing of process flow diagrams, is then performed to more accurately identify the typology of the identified boxes and the direction of the links between them. Results and discussion The performance of the image processing pipeline was tested on four flow diagrams of increasing difficulty: one simple computer drawn diagram and three photographs of hand-drawn diagrams (a simple diagram, a complex diagram and a diagram with merged lines). A set of default values for the variables which define the pipeline was developed through trial and error. For the two simple flow charts, all boxes and links were identified using the default settings. The complex diagram required minor tweaks to the default values to detect all boxes and links. An 'unstacking' heuristic allowed the diagram with merged lines to be correctly processed. After some manual reclassification of link directions and process types, the diagrams were turned into LCA models and exported to open-source LCA software packages (lcopt and Brightway) to be verified and analysed. Conclusions This study demonstrates that it is possible to generate a fully functional LCA model from a picture of a flow chart. This has potentially important implications not only for LCA practitioners as a whole, but in particular for the teaching of LCA. Skipping the steep learning curve required by most LCA software packages allows teachers to focus on important LCA concepts, while participants maintain the benefits of experiential learning by doing a 'real' LCA.},
  issn = {0948-3349}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bevenkeithj_2014,
  title = {Hyperresolution information and hyperresolution ignorance in modelling the hydrology of the land surface},
  author = {Beven, Keith J. and Cloke, Hannah and Pappenberger, Florian and Lamb, Rob and Hunter, Neil},
  year = {2014},
  journal = {SCIENCE CHINA-EARTH SCIENCES},
  volume = {1},
  number = {58},
  pages = {25--35},
  doi = {10.1007/s11430-014-5003-4},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  keywords = {hyperresolution models; epistemic uncertainties; models of everywhere; communicating uncertainty; flood risk},
  abstract = {There is a strong drive towards hyperresolution earth system models in order to resolve finer scales of motion in the atmosphere. The problem of obtaining more realistic representation of terrestrial fluxes of heat and water, however, is not just a problem of moving to hyperresolution grid scales. It is much more a question of a lack of knowledge about the parameterisation of processes at whatever grid scale is being used for a wider modelling problem. Hyperresolution grid scales cannot alone solve the problem of this hyperresolution ignorance. This paper discusses these issues in more detail with specific reference to land surface parameterisations and flood inundation models. The importance of making local hyperresolution model predictions available for evaluation by local stakeholders is stressed. It is expected that this will be a major driving force for improving model performance in the future.},
  issn = {1674-7313}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_jiantingchu_2010,
  title = {Spatial and temporal variability of daily precipitation in Haihe River basin, 1958-2007},
  author = {Jianting, Chu and Jun, Xia and Chongyu, Xu and Lu, Li and Zhonggen, Wang},
  year = {2010},
  journal = {J GEOGR SCI},
  volume = {2},
  number = {20},
  pages = {248--260},
  doi = {10.1007/s11442-010-0248-0},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  keywords = {climate change; spatial and temporal variability of precipitation; mann-kendall method; kolmogorov-smirnov test; z test; f test; haihe river basin},
  abstract = {The seasonal variability and spatial distribution of precipitation are the main cause of flood and drought events. The study of spatial distribution and temporal trend of precipitation in river basins has been paid more and more attention. However, in China, the precipitation data are measured by weather stations (WS) of China Meteorological Administration and hydrological rain gauges (RG) of national and local hydrology bureau. The WS data usually have long record with fewer stations, while the RG data usually have short record with more stations. The consistency and correlation of these two data sets have not been well understood. In this paper, the precipitation data from 30 weather stations for 1958-2007 and 248 rain gauges for 1995-2004 in the Haihe River basin are examined and compared using linear regression, 5-year moving average, Mann-Kendall trend analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Z test and F test methods. The results show that the annual precipitation from both WS and RG records are normally distributed with minor difference in the mean value and variance. It is statistically feasible to extend the precipitation of RG by WS data sets. Using the extended precipitation data, the detailed spatial distribution of the annual and seasonal precipitation amounts as well as their temporal trends are calculated and mapped. The various distribution maps produced in the study show that for the whole basin the precipitation of 1958-2007 has been decreasing except for spring season. The decline trend is significant in summer, and this trend is stronger after the 1980s. The annual and seasonal precipitation amounts and changing trends are different in different regions and seasons. The precipitation is decreasing from south to north, from coastal zone to inland area.},
  issn = {1009-637X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_schulzkirstin_2020,
  title = {The Fate of Mud Nourishment in Response to Short-Term Wind Forcing},
  author = {Schulz, Kirstin and Klingbeil, Knut and Morys, Claudia and Gerkema, Theo},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Estuaries and Coasts},
  number = {44},
  pages = {88--102},
  doi = {10.1007/s12237-020-00767-4},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  keywords = {mud motor; wadden sea; numerical model; sediment transport},
  abstract = {In this study, results from a realistic 3D hydrodynamic and sediment transport model, applied to a channel in the Dutch Wadden Sea, are analyzed in order to assess the effect of short-term wind forcing, the impact of fresh water effects, and the variability induced by the spring-neap cycle on the transport of suspended sediment. In the investigated region, a pilot study for sediment nourishment, the so-called Mud Motor, is executed. This project aims for the beneficial re-use of dredged harbor sediments through the disposal of these sediments at a location where natural currents are expected to transport them toward a nearby salt marsh area. The model results presented in this study advance the understanding of the driving forces that determine sediment transport in shallow, near-coastal zones, and can help to improve the design of the Mud Motor. In the investigated channel, which is oriented parallel to the coastline, tidal asymmetries generally drive a transport of sediment in flood direction. It was found that already moderate winds along the channel axis reverse (wind in ebb direction), or greatly enhance this transport, up to an export of sediment over the adjacent water shed (wind in flood direction). The most beneficial wind conditions (moderate westerly winds) can cause an accumulation of more than 90% of the initial 200 tons sediment pool on the intertidal area; during less favorable conditions (northeasterly winds), less than a third of the dumped sediment is transported onto the mudflat. On-shore winds induce a transport toward the coast. Surprisingly, sediment pathways are only sensitive to the exact disposal location in the channel during wind conditions that counteract the tidally driven transport, and freshwater effects play no significant role for the dispersal of sediment.},
  issn = {1559-2723}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kamisahmedsamy_2020,
  title = {Effect of reservoir models and climate change on flood analysis in arid regions},
  author = {Kamis, Ahmed Samy and Al-Wagdany, Abdullah and Bahrawi, Jarbou and Latif, Muhammad and Elfeki, Amro and Hannachi, Abdel},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Arabian Journal of Geosciences},
  volume = {16},
  number = {13},
  pages = {16},
  doi = {10.1007/s12517-020-05760-6},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  keywords = {reservoir model; climate change; infrastructures; routing; transmission losses},
  abstract = {Dams are built in arid regions across watersheds for flood control among other purposes. Capacity-elevation (C-E) curves are vital for reservoir routing and dam operation. Different models are available for representing C-E relationships. Power and logarithmic laws are evaluated and tested for reservoir routing. The evaluation is based on the analysis of 136 reservoirs across different regions of Saudi Arabia (SA). The analysis revealed that 75.7% of the reservoirs are of flood plain foothill type. A case study on Al-Lith dam basin is utilized for application based on measured events. The resulting routed outflow hydrographs showed that the logarithmic law is better to represent the reservoir than the power law. With respect to the climate change effect, the results show that the predicted rainfall from Representative Concentration Pathways scenario (RCP4.5) increased by about 20 to 31.4% from 5 to 100 years return periods respectively with an average of 27%. While for scenario RCP8.5, the predicted rainfall increased by 42% to about 55% from 5 to 100 years return periods respectively with an average of 49%. For the RCP4.5 scenario, the peak flows,Q(p), and volumes,W, increased by an average of 69% and 67% respectively. While for the RCP8.5 scenario, the same parameters increased by an average of 139% and 134% respectively. The effect of transmission losses in the results seems to be minor with respect to climate change signal (for RCP4.5,Q(p)andWare lowered on average by 2% and 0.5% respectively, and for RCP8.5,Q(p)andWare lowered on average by 4.5% and 1.3% respectively). The results of this research recommend to use the logarithmic law and to take into account the effect of climate change on future dam projects in SA.},
  issn = {1866-7511}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_steinthorsdottirmargret_2017,
  title = {Cuticle surfaces of fossil plants as a potential proxy for volcanic SO2 emissions: observations from the Triassic-Jurassic transition of East Greenland},
  author = {Steinthorsdottir, Margret and Elliott-Kingston, Caroline and Bacon, Karen L.},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments},
  volume = {1},
  number = {98},
  pages = {49--69},
  doi = {10.1007/s12549-017-0297-9},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Berlin : Springer},
  keywords = {fossil plant cuticle; sulphur dioxide; end-triassic mass extinction; camp; ginkgoales; bennettitales; so2 proxy; flood basalt volcanism; triassic–jurassic boundary; the changing earth; den föränderliga jorden},
  abstract = {Flood basalt volcanism has been implicated in several episodes of mass extinctions and environmental degradation in the geological past, including at the Triassic–Jurassic (Tr–J) transition, through global warming caused by massive outgassing of carbon dioxide. However, the patterns of biodiversity loss observed are complicated and sometimes difficult to reconcile with the effects of global warming alone. Recently, attention has turned to additional volcanic products as potential aggravating factors, in particular sulphur dioxide (SO2). SO2 acts both directly as a noxious environmental pollutant and indirectly through forming aerosols in the atmosphere, which may cause transient global dimming and cooling. Here, we present a range of morphological changes to fossil plant leaf cuticle surfaces of hundreds of Ginkgoales and Bennettitales specimens across the Tr–J boundary of East Greenland. Our results indicate that morphological structures of distorted cuticles near the Tr–J boundary are consistent with modern cuticle SO2-caused damage and supported by recent leaf-shape SO2 proxy results, thus identifying cuticle surface morphology as a potentially powerful proxy for SO2. Recording the timing and duration of SO2 emissions in the past may help distinguish between the driving agents responsible for mass extinction events and thus improve our understanding of the Earth System.},
  issn = {1867-1594}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_slatersamm_2017,
  title = {Dinosaur-plant interactions within a Middle Jurassic ecosystem—palynology of the Burniston Bay dinosaur footprint locality, Yorkshire, UK},
  author = {Slater, Sam M and Wellman, Charles H and Romano, Michael and Vajda, Vivi},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments},
  number = {98},
  pages = {139--151},
  doi = {10.1007/s12549-017-0309-9},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Berlin : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg},
  keywords = {jurassic; palynology; spores and pollen; dinosaur footprints; yorkshire; ravenscar group; scalby formation; ecosystems and species history; ekosystem och arthistoria},
  abstract = {Dinosaur footprints are abundant in the Middle Jurassic Ravenscar Group of North Yorkshire, UK. Footprints are particularly common within the Bathonian Long Nab Member of the Scalby Formation and more so within the so called ‘Burniston footprint bed’ at Burniston Bay. The Yorkshire Jurassic is also famous for its exceptional plant macrofossil and spore-pollen assemblages. Here we investigate the spore-pollen record from the dinosaur footprint-bearing successions in order to reconstruct the vegetation and assess possible dinosaur-plant interactions. We also compare the spore-pollen assemblages with the macroflora of the Scalby Ness Plant Bed, which occurs within the same geological member as the Burniston succession. The spore-pollen assemblages are dominated by Deltoidospora spp., the majority of which were probably produced by Coniopteris. Lycophyte spores (including megaspores) are common in the Yorkshire Jurassic, but lycophyte parent plants are extremely poorly represented in the macroflora. Seed ferns, represented by Alisporites spp., are moderately abundant. Conifer pollen assemblages are dominated by Araucariacites australis (probably produced by Brachyphyllum mamillare), Perinopollenites elatoides and Classopollis spp., with additional bisaccate pollen taxa. Abundant Ginkgo huttonii in themacroflora suggests that much of the monosulcate pollen was produced by ginkgoes. The diverse vegetation of the Cleveland Basin presumably represented an attractive food source for herbivorous dinosaurs. The dinosaurs probably gathered at the flood plains for fresh-water and also used the non-vegetated plains and coastline as pathways. Although assigning specific makers to footprints is difficult, it is clear that a range of theropod, ornithopod and sauropod dinosaurs inhabited the area.},
  issn = {1867-1594}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mishrabhupendrak_2014,
  title = {Concentration of arsenic by selected vegetables cultivated in the Yamuna flood plains (YFP) of Delhi, India},
  author = {Mishra, Bhupendra K. and Dubey, Chandra S. and Shukla, Dericks P. and Bhattacharya, Prosun and Usham, Arnold L.},
  year = {2014},
  journal = {Environmental Earth Sciences},
  volume = {9},
  number = {72},
  pages = {3281--3291},
  doi = {10.1007/s12665-014-3232-7},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  keywords = {arsenic; vegetables; ground water; yamuna flood plain; dietary intake},
  abstract = {High Arsenic (As) concentrations have been reported in superficial water in the Yamuna flood plains (YFP), Delhi, which is being extensively used for agriculture. The concentration of As in some common vegetables such as Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), Abelmoschus esculentus (lady's finger), Solanum melongena (brinjal), Lagenaria siceraria (bottle gourd), Raphanus sativus (radish), Zea mays (corn), and Luffa acutangula (ridge gourd) has been studied in this work. The range of As concentrations (dry weight) varies from 0.6 to 2.52 mg/kg with the highest accumulation of 2.52 mg/kg in radish followed by tomato (2.36 mg/kg). The order of As concentration in the decreasing order is R. sativus>S. lycopersicum>Z. mays>L. acutangula>L. siceraria>S. melongena>A. esculentus. Thus, As accumulation is the highest in roots and the lowest in least juicy fruits. The daily dietary intake of As through the consumption of various vegetables was also calculated. Though the mean As concentration was the highest in radish (2.52 mg/kg) but the highest amount of As is being consumed through tomato (0.383 mg/day), which is nearly three times the World Health Organization's provisional maximum tolerable daily intake limit of 0.126 mg/day for a 60 kg person. High concentration of As in vegetables grown in YFP, Delhi is being reported here. This high contamination is primarily due to the presence of As in irrigation water having its source from coal-based thermal power plants in the vicinity of the area. If not checked properly, it will pose a serious health risk to people living in these densely populated areas surrounding YFP.},
  issn = {1866-6280}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ahlmrannaklara_2018,
  title = {Soil moisture remote-sensing applications for identification of flood-prone areas along transport infrastructure},
  author = {Ahlmér, Anna Klara and Cavalli, Marco and Hansson, Klas and Koutsouris, Alexander J. and Crema, Stefano and Kalantari, Zahra},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Environmental Earth Sciences},
  volume = {14},
  number = {77},
  pages = {14},
  doi = {10.1007/s12665-018-7704-z},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer},
  keywords = {flooding; road infrastructure; soil moisture; precipitation},
  abstract = {The expected increase in precipitation and temperature in Scandinavia, and especially short-time heavy precipitation, will increase the frequency of flooding. Urban areas are the most vulnerable, and specifically, the road infrastructure. The accumulation of large volumes of water and sediments on road-stream intersections gets severe consequences for the road drainage structures. This study integrates the spatial and temporal soil moisture properties into the research about flood prediction methods by a case study of two areas in Sweden, Vastra Gotaland and Varmland, which was affected by severe flooding in August 2014. Soil moisture data are derived from remote-sensing techniques, with a focus on the soil moisture-specific satellites ASCAT and SMOS. Furthermore, several physical catchments descriptors (PCDs) are analyzed and the result shows that larger slopes and drainage density, in general, mean a higher risk of flooding. The precipitation is the same; however, it can be concluded that more precipitation in most cases gives higher soil moisture values. The lack, or the dimensioning, of road drainage structures seems to have a large impact on the flood risk as more sediment and water can be accumulated at the road-stream intersection. The results show that the method implementing soil moisture satellite data is promising for improving the reliability of flooding.},
  issn = {1866-6280}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_rudolphmaxgustav_2023,
  title = {A data-driven approach for modelling karst spring discharge using transfer function noise models},
  author = {Rudolph, Max Gustav and Collenteur, Raoul Alexander and Kavousi, Alireza and Giese, Markus and Wöhling, Thomas and Birk, Steffen and Hartmann, Andreas and Reimann, Thomas},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Environmental Earth Sciences},
  number = {82},
  pages = {82},
  doi = {10.1007/s12665-023-11012-z},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  keywords = {modelling; karst; uncertainty quantification; transfer functions; spring discharge},
  abstract = {Karst aquifers are important sources of fresh water on a global scale. The hydrological modelling of karst spring discharge, however, still poses a challenge. In this study we apply a transfer function noise (TFN) model in combination with a bucket-type recharge model to simulate karst spring discharge. The application of the noise model for the residual series has the advantage that it is more consistent with assumptions for optimization such as homoscedasticity and independence. In an earlier hydrological modeling study, named Karst Modeling Challenge (KMC; Jeannin et al., J Hydrol 600:126–508, 2021), several modelling approaches were compared for the Milandre Karst System in Switzerland. This serves as a benchmark and we apply the TFN model to KMC data, subsequently comparing the results to other models. Using different data-model-combinations, the most promising data-model-combination is identified in a three-step least-squares calibration. To quantify uncertainty, the Bayesian approach of Markov-chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling is subsequently used with uniform priors for the previously identified best data-model combination. The MCMC maximum likelihood solution is used to simulate spring discharge for a previously unseen testing period, indicating a superior performance compared to all other models in the KMC. It is found that the model gives a physically feasible representation of the system, which is supported by field measurements. While the TFN model simulated rising limbs and flood recession especially well, medium and baseflow conditions were not represented as accurately. The TFN approach poses a well-performing data-driven alternative to other approaches that should be considered in future studies.},
  issn = {1866-6280}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kammerbauermark_2018,
  title = {Risikomanagement ohne Risikominderung? Soziale Verwundbarkeit im Wiederaufbau nach Hochwasser in Deutschland},
  author = {Kammerbauer, Mark and Wamsler, Christine},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Raumforschung und Raumordnung: spatial research and planning},
  volume = {6},
  number = {76},
  pages = {485--496},
  doi = {10.1007/s13147-018-0556-x},
  language = {deu},
  publisher = {: Oekom - Gesellschaft fuer Oekologische Kommunikation mbH},
  abstract = {Environmental and climate hazards, such as floods, increasingly cause damages in cities and urbanised areas in Germany. The capacity of the impacted populations to cope with the outcome of related disasters is, amongst others, influenced by their vulnerability. Vulnerability reduction is thus key for creating social or structural resilience. This is particularly the case during post-disaster recovery and reconstruction. Recovery planning is, per definition, supposed to enable improvement, rather than a reconstruction of the status quo. However, which role does vulnerability play in recovery projects, and what kind of a recovery can improved planning lead to as a result? Based on a case study of the flood disaster of the river Danube in 2013, and particularly the Bavarian city of Deggendorf, we investigate these questions. From 2013 to 2018, data was collected by means of a survey, a spatial analysis and qualitative interviews. The results show how particular social vulnerabilities strongly influence the individual access to resources required during recovery and reconstruction as well as the capacity to deal with long-term disaster impacts. We conclude that recovery and development planning needs to acknowledge such vulnerabilities to a higher degree. The article contributes to discussions on the societal and governance causes for social vulnerability and is oriented towards actors responsible for planning and disaster management as well as the increasingly impacted public.},
  issn = {0034-0111}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_beltmanb_2014,
  title = {Phosphate Release Upon Long- and Short -Term Flooding of Fen Meadows Depends on Land Use History and Soil pH},
  author = {Beltman, B. and Van Der Ven, P. J. M. and Verhoeven, J. T. A. and Sarneel, Judith M.},
  year = {2014},
  journal = {Wetlands (Wilmington, N.C.)},
  volume = {5},
  number = {34},
  pages = {989--1001},
  doi = {10.1007/s13157-014-0563-9},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Netherlands},
  keywords = {flooding; fen meadow; turlough; experiments; time-effects; ph; phosphate release; sulfate; iron},
  abstract = {Flooding of acidified and desiccated fen meadows is a management approach for mitigating loss of plant species as well as a short-term measure to prevent flooding in urban areas. Studies have shown that flooding events can cause extreme P release from soils. We questioned whether the occurrence of this 'internal eutrophication' from flooding depended on fertilization history and soil pH. A greenhouse experiment with soil cores from Ireland (turloughs) and from the Netherlands, exposed to flooding for 216 days (long-term) showed a substantial P release for sites with a history of fertilizer use only. Short-term flooding (20-25 days) caused little P release in all soils. There was no correlation between P release and initial soil pH (range 4.1-7.1). All flooded soils showed a significant decline in sulfate and increased iron in the pore water upon flooding. Field trials applying short term flooding to sites differing in soil pH, average soil moisture and history of fertilizer application showed there was no overall effect of flooding on phosphate, nitrate, ammonium, iron concentrations and pH of pore water. Sulfate concentrations significantlyincreased. Hence, problematic phosphate release is only induced by long term flooding of fen meadows with a history of fertilization.},
  issn = {0277-5212}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hlnimenne_2023,
  title = {Connecting Wetland Flooding Patterns to Insect Abundance Using High-Resolution Inundation Frequency Data},
  author = {Åhlén, Imenne and Jarsjö, Jerker and Hambäck, Peter A.},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Wetlands (Wilmington, N.C.)},
  volume = {6},
  number = {43},
  pages = {6},
  doi = {10.1007/s13157-023-01716-0},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  keywords = {insect biodiversity; hydrology; ecohydrology; wetlands; spatial ecology},
  abstract = {Flood dynamics are important drivers of wetland biodiversity. With current climate and land-use changes affecting overall water cycling, many wetland ecosystems are at risk of degradation, affecting biodiversity support negatively. This emphasizes a need for understanding possible correlations between specific hydrological conditions and biodiversity support in wetlands, at least in terms of species composition. In this study, we used high resolution hydrological monitoring of water levels and insect sampling in a depressional wetland to investigate possible correlations between inundation patterns and insect abundance. Our results show that there is a high spatial and temporal heterogeneity in wetland inundation patterns and that this heterogeneity explains variation in insect abundance. This creates episodes of downstream wet and upstream dry conditions. In addition, the spatial variability was high between grid cells of 2 meter’s resolution. There were also indications that distance to stream affected insect community structure. The findings from this work show that that the local hydrological conditions can create heterogeneity in habitat conditions, which in turn lead to refuge habitats for species vulnerable to changes in inundation condition. This study also highlights the importance of acknowledging quantitative hydrological methods when assessing the relation to insect communities. },
  issn = {0277-5212}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_prowseterry_2012,
  title = {Past and Future Changes in Arctic Lake and River Ice},
  author = {Prowse, Terry and Alfredsen, Knut and Beltaos, Spyros and Bonsal, Barrie and Duguay, Claude and Korhola, Atte and McNamara, Jim and Pienitz, Reinhard and Vincent, Warwick F. and Vuglinsky, Valery and Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.},
  year = {2012},
  journal = {Ambio},
  number = {40},
  pages = {53--62},
  doi = {10.1007/s13280-011-0216-7},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  keywords = {lake ice; river ice; climate change; paleohydrology; arctic; trends},
  abstract = {Paleolimnological evidence from some Arctic lakes suggests that longer ice-free seasons have been experienced since the beginning of the nineteenth century. It has been inferred from some additional records that many Arctic lakes may have crossed an important ecological threshold as a result of recent warming. In the instrumental record, long-term trends exhibit increasingly later freeze-ups and earlier break-ups, closely corresponding to increasing air temperature trends, but with greater sensitivity at the more temperate latitudes. Broad spatial patterns in these trends are also related to major atmospheric circulation patterns. Future projections of lake ice indicate increasingly later freeze-ups and earlier break-ups, decreasing ice thickness, and changes in cover composition, particularly white-ice. For rivers, projected future decreases in south to north air-temperature gradients suggest that the severity of ice-jam flooding may be reduced but this could be mitigated by changes in the magnitude of spring snowmelt.},
  issn = {0044-7447}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_moorhelen_2015,
  title = {Predicting climate change effects on wetland ecosystem services using species distribution modeling and plant functional traits},
  author = {Moor, Helen and Hylander, Kristoffer and Norberg, Jon},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Ambio},
  number = {44},
  pages = {113--126},
  doi = {10.1007/s13280-014-0593-9},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  keywords = {functional traits; ecosystem services; climate change; species distribution modeling; wetlands; sweden; naturresurshushållning; natural resources management},
  abstract = {Wetlands provide multiple ecosystem services, the sustainable use of which requires knowledge of the underlying ecological mechanisms. Functional traits, particularly the community-weighted mean trait (CWMT), provide a strong link between species communities and ecosystem functioning. We here combine species distribution modeling and plant functional traits to estimate the direction of change of ecosystem processes under climate change. We model changes in CWMT values for traits relevant to three key services, focusing on the regional species pool in the Norrstrom area (central Sweden) and three main wetland types. Our method predicts proportional shifts toward faster growing, more productive and taller species, which tend to increase CWMT values of specific leaf area and canopy height, whereas changes in root depth vary. The predicted changes in CWMT values suggest a potential increase in flood attenuation services, a potential increase in short (but not long)-term nutrient retention, and ambiguous outcomes for carbon sequestration.},
  issn = {0044-7447}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ruangpanladdaporn_2020,
  title = {Incorporating stakeholders’ preferences into a multi-criteria framework for planning large-scale Nature-Based Solutions},
  author = {Ruangpan, Laddaporn and Vojinovic, Zoran and Plavšić, Jasna and Doong, Dong-Jiing and Bahlmann, Tobias and Alves, Alida and Tseng, Leng-Hsuan and Randelovic, Anja and Todorović, Andrijana and Kocic, Zvonimir and Beljinac, Vladimir and Wu, Meng-Hsuan and Lo, Wei-Cheng and Perez-Lapeña, Blanca and Franca, Mário J.},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Ambio},
  doi = {10.1007/s13280-020-01419-4},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  keywords = {climate change mitigation; flood risk reduction; multi-criteria analysis; nature-based solutions; river basin},
  abstract = {Hydro-meteorological risks are a growing issue for societies, economies and environments around the world. An effective, sustainable response to such risks and their future uncertainty requires a paradigm shift in our research and practical efforts. In this respect, Nature-Based Solutions (NBSs) offer the potential to achieve a more effective and flexible response to hydro-meteorological risks while also enhancing human well-being and biodiversity. The present paper describes a new methodology that incorporates stakeholders’ preferences into a multi-criteria analysis framework, as part of a tool for selecting risk mitigation measures. The methodology has been applied to Tamnava river basin in Serbia and Nangang river basin in Taiwan within the EC-funded RECONECT project. The results highlight the importance of involving stakeholders in the early stages of projects in order to achieve successful implementation of NBSs. The methodology can assist decision-makers in formulating desirable benefits and co-benefits and can enable a systematic and transparent NBSs planning process.},
  issn = {0044-7447}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ridolfielena_2024,
  title = {The interplay between the urban development of Rome (Italy) and the Tiber River floods: A review of two millennia of socio-hydrological history},
  author = {Ridolfi, Elena and Lucantonio, Mara and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Moccia, Benedetta and Napolitano, Francesco and Russo, Fabio},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Ambio},
  volume = {2},
  number = {54},
  pages = {198--210},
  doi = {10.1007/s13280-024-02078-5},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer},
  keywords = {adaptation; flood risk; levee system; flood risk mitigation; socio-hydrology; long-term interaction},
  abstract = {The urban development of Rome (Italy) has been intertwined with the dynamics of the Tiber River since its foundation. In this review paper, we analyse more than 2500 years of flood history and urban development to untangle the dynamics of flood risk and assess the resulting socio-hydrological phenomena. Until the 1800s, urban dwellers living in the riparian areas of the Tiber River were accustomed to frequent flooding. From the 1900s, the construction of flood walls reshaped the co-evolution of hydrological, economic, political, technological, and social processes. As a result, while the probability of flooding is currently very low, its potential adverse consequences would be catastrophic. From the analysis of the long-term feedback between urban development of Rome and flood events from ancient times to present days, it emerges the crucial need for an effective flood risk mitigation strategy that combines structural and non-structural measures. In particular, heightened flood risk awareness and preparedness to cope with rare but potentially devastating events is key to alleviate flood risk.},
  issn = {0044-7447}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_granssongunnel_2021,
  title = {Territorial governance of managed retreat in Sweden: addressing challenges},
  author = {Göransson, Gunnel and Van Well, Lisa and Bendz, David and Danielsson, Per and Hedfors, Jim},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {11},
  pages = {376--391},
  doi = {10.1007/s13412-021-00696-z},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer},
  keywords = {territorial governance; managed retreat; flooding; climate adaptation; sea; coast; river; case history; sweden; english},
  abstract = {Many climate adaptation options currently being discussed in Sweden to meet the challenge of surging seas and inland flooding advocate holding the line through various hard and soft measures to stabilize the shoreline, while managed retreat is neither considered as feasible option nor has it been explicitly researched in Sweden. However, failure to consider future flooding from climate change in municipal planning may have dangerous and costly consequences when the water does come. We suggest that managed retreat practices are challenging in Sweden, not only due to public opinions but also because of a deficit of uptake of territorial knowledge by decision-makers and difficulties in realizing flexible planning options of the shoreline. A territorial governance framework was used as a heuristic to explore the challenges to managed retreat in four urban case studies (three municipalities and one county) representing different territorial, hydrological and oceanographic environments. This was done through a series of participatory stakeholder workshops. The analysis using a territorial governance framework based on dimensions of coordination, integration, mobilization, adaptation and realization presents variations in how managed retreat barriers and opportunities are perceived among case study sites, mainly due to the differing territorial or place-based challenges. The results also indicate common challenges regardless of the case study site, including coordination challenges and unclear responsibility, the need for integrated means of addressing goal conflicts and being able to adapt flexibly to existing regulations and plans. Yet rethinking how managed retreat could boost community resilience and help to implement long-term visions was seen as a way to deal with some of the territorial challenges.},
  issn = {2190-6483}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_anderssonskldyvonne_2016,
  title = {Effective and Sustainable Flood and Landslide Risk Reduction Measures: An Investigation of Two Assessment Frameworks},
  author = {Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne and Nyberg, Lars},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {International Journal of Disaster Risk Science},
  volume = {4},
  number = {7},
  pages = {374--392},
  doi = {10.1007/s13753-016-0106-5},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  keywords = {landslide; flooding; evaluation (assessment); efficiency; sustainability; method; 37 road: drainage and runoff; risk- och miljöstudier},
  abstract = {Natural events such as floods and landslides can have severe consequences. The risks are expected to increase, both as a consequence of climate change and due to increased vulnerabilities, especially in urban areas. Although preventive measures are often cost-effective, some measures are beneficial to certain values, while some may have negative impacts on other values.The aim of the study presented here was to investigate two frameworks used for assessing the effectiveness and sustainability of physical and nonphysical flood and landslide risk reduction measures. The study is based on literature, available information from authorities and municipalities, expert knowledge and experience, and stakeholder views and values. The results indicate that the risks for suboptimization or maladaptation are reduced if many aspects are included and a broad spectrum of stakeholders are involved.The sustainability assessment tools applied here can contribute to a more transparent and sustainable risk management process by assessing strategies and interventions with respect to both short- and long-term perspectives, including local impacts and wider environmental impacts caused by climate change, for example. The tools can also cover social and economic aspects. The assessment tools provide checklists that can support decision processes, thus allowing for more transparent decisions.},
  issn = {2095-0055}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_almasalmeho_2021,
  title = {Soil erosion and sediment transport modelling using hydrological models and remote sensing techniques in Wadi Billi, Egypt},
  author = {Almasalmeh, O and Saleh, Ahmed Adel and Mourad, Khaldoon A.},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Modeling Earth Systems and Environment},
  volume = {1},
  number = {8},
  pages = {1215--1226},
  doi = {10.1007/s40808-021-01144-1},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  abstract = {Modelling soil erosion and sediment transport are vital to assess the impact of the flash floods. However, limited research works have studied sediment transport, especially in Egypt. This paper employs the HEC-HMS lumped hydrological model to predict the sediment load due to the flood event of 9th March 2014 in Wadi Billi, Egypt. The Modified USLE model has been used to calculate the total upland erosion, while Laursen-Copeland has been used to simulate load streams' sediment transport potential. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) has been applied over Landsat 8 image captured on 20th February 2014 using ArcMap 10.5 to determine the vegetation cover based on its spectral footprint. The resulted sedigraph showed accumulation of more than five thousand tons of sediments at the Wadi's outlet. The results are crucial to design a suitable stormwater management system to protect the downstream urban area and to use flood water for groundwater recharge.},
  issn = {2363-6203}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mohammadibabak_2021,
  title = {A review on the applications of machine learning for runoff modeling},
  author = {Mohammadi, Babak},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Sustainable Water Resources Management},
  volume = {6},
  number = {7},
  pages = {6},
  doi = {10.1007/s40899-021-00584-y},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer International Publishing},
  abstract = {The growing menace of global warming and restrictions on access to water in each region is a huge threat to global hydrological sustainability. Hence, the perspective at which hydrological studies are currently being carried out across the world to quantify and understand the water cycle modeling requires a further boost. In the past few decades, the theoretical understanding of machine learning (ML) algorithms for solving engineering issues, and the application of this method to practical problems have made very significant progress. In the field of hydrology, ML has been using for a better understanding of hydrological complexities. Then, using ML-based approaches for hydrological simulation have been a popular method for runoff modeling in recent years; it seems necessary to understand the application of ML in runoff modeling fully. Current research seeks to have an overview for rainfall–runoff modeling using ML approaches in recent years, including integrated and ordinary ML techniques (such as ANFIS, ANN, and SVM models). The main hydrological topics in this review study include surface hydrology, streamflow, rainfall–runoff, and flood modeling via ML approaches. Therefore, in this study, the author has critically reviewed the characteristics of machine learning models in runoff simulation, including advantages and disadvantages of three widely used machine learning models.},
  issn = {2363-5037}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_garcamillnvirginiae_2018,
  title = {Monitoring Flooding Damages in Vegetation Caused by Mining Activities Using Optical Remote Sensing},
  author = {García Millán, Virginia E. and Faude, Ulrike and Bicsan, Alexandra and Klink, Adrian and Teuwsen, Sebastian and Pakzad, Kian and Müterthies, Andreas},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {PFG - Journal of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Geoinformation Science},
  volume = {1},
  number = {86},
  pages = {1--13},
  doi = {10.1007/s41064-018-0042-7},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer},
  abstract = {Ground removal during the mineral extraction in mine galleries provokes permanent changes in ground compacting during mine exploitation and after mine closure. In extreme cases, the loss of cohesion in ground layer over mines causes surface subsidence and eventually the emergence of flooded areas on the surface. Mining companies are obligated to the surveillance and mending of damages caused by the mines during and after the exploitation of the mine. For that reason, it is necessary to determine accurately if the causes of a flooding are related to their activity or to other causes. The objective of the present study is to locate mine-related flooding using a two-step workflow that involves remote sensing data. First, a screening on water bodies was applied using multispectral data at landscape level followed by a multi-temporal analysis to detect changes in the distribution of water bodies. A second step addressed the differentiation of mine-related flooded areas from other dynamic water bodies using high-resolution hyperspectral data over vegetation affected by flooding. The proposed workflow reduces costs of monitoring for mining companies by identifying potential flooding areas, while an exhaustive study can be done in few selected areas to assure the causes of the flooding using technology that is more sophisticated. Even though supervision by experts is required at some steps of the workflow, the proposed methods can be integrated in a geoportal to permit a broad spectrum of users the access to the information.},
  issn = {2512-2789}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_limnancyjoy_2024,
  title = {Assessment of how uncertainty representation in flood maps can affect geographic-based decisions},
  author = {Lim, Nancy Joy and Brandt, S. Anders and Seipel, Stefan},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Discover Water},
  volume = {1},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1},
  doi = {10.1007/s43832-024-00170-1},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer},
  keywords = {decision-making; flood uncertainty; map; user evaluation; visual variable; hållbar stadsutveckling; sustainable urban development},
  abstract = {Flood maps that show predicted flood extents will always be uncertain regardless of how the modelling is conducted. It is therefore important that these uncertainties are represented and communicated in the maps, and that map users understand the presented information. Through an online user survey, this study evaluates how users make geographic decisions based on nine flood uncertainty maps, represented and designed according to data scheme and semantics associated with their values (dual-ended, sequential and binary), and applied with different mapping techniques (continuous surface, choropleth and graduated symbol mapping). The results show that the type of map and the visual variable used for representation (in terms of colours and values) became important when deciding locations. Higher decision confidence was shown when dual-ended and sequential probability maps were used. Medium-to-dark blue regions in these maps made participants avoid locations, while white, brown and the lightest blue colours made them select locations. The usage of a sequential map represented by grey scale colour showed to be less intuitive for the participants, leading to lower task performance and less confidence in decisions. Despite the different backgrounds of participants, comprehension of the uncertainty maps and the tasks did not vary much from each other. Differences among them were observed in location preferences and time to solve the tasks. The user group that had the most professional experience with maps and GIS was most conservative in their site choices, and took longest time to solve the tasks. Students, on the other hand, opted to take more risk in their decisions and preferred more uncertain locations. Apparently, the effectiveness of the flood uncertainty maps used in this study varied mainly on the representations used. Appropriate design made them comprehendible by different users. However, making decisions based on these maps, as well as confidence in decisions and time to solve the task, may also be dependent on other factors such as domain knowledge, line of work, practical experience in handing problems or making decisions, and possibly culture.},
  issn = {2730-647X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kawamuraakira_1996,
  title = {Parameterization of rain cell properties using an advection-diffusion model and rain gage data},
  author = {Kawamura, Akira and Jinno, Kenji and Berndtsson, Ronny and Furukawa, Takashi},
  year = {1996},
  journal = {Atmospheric Research},
  volume = {1},
  number = {42},
  pages = {67--73},
  doi = {10.1016/0169-8095(95)00053-4},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  abstract = {To reduce flooding risks and improve urban drainage management, there is a need to increase the forecasting accuracy for rainfall models on small typical urban time and space scales. Increased rainfall forecasting accuracy will in turn improve runoff prediction and thus, prevent flooding hazards, decrease pollution discharge through combined sewers, increase waste water treatment efficiency, etc. For this purpose, we analyzed the parameters of a two-dimensional stochastic advection-diffusion model including a Fourier domain method and an extended Kalman filter algorithm for investigation of motion, shape, size, and intensity distribution of convective rainfall. The resulting set of model parameters (advective velocity, apparent turbulent diffusion, and development/decay of rainfall rate) is used to study convective rainfall variability. It appears that the speed at which the rainfall cell is advected is not dependent on the cell development stage or apparent diffusion. Instead, there is a dependence between the source/sink term and apparent diffusion. This can be explained by the turbulent updraft of warm air which results in large rainfall intensity increase. This strong turbulence results in larger diffusion (and vice versa). The behavior of the model parameters is therefore physically explainable and relevant. The results can be used as first choice of parameter values when modeling convective rainfall over ungaged areas.},
  issn = {0169-8095}
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_yank_2015,
  title = {Global and Low-Cost Topographic Data to Support Flood Studies},
  author = {Yan, K. and Neal, J. C. and Solomatine, D. P. and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Hydro-Meteorological Hazards, Risks, and Disasters},
  pages = {105--123},
  doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-394846-5.00004-7},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {ers-2 sar imagery; glue; hydraulic modeling; lisflood-fp; srtm topography; uncertainty analysis},
  abstract = {This chapter provides an overview of global and low-cost topographic data to support flood studies, with a focus on usefulness of shuttle radar topography mission (SRTM) topography in supporting two-dimensional hydraulic modeling of floods. In particular, flood propagation and inundation modeling of a 10-km reach of the River Dee (United Kingdom) was performed by using LISFLOOD-FP to simulate the December 2006 flood event. Flood extent maps from satellite imagery (ERS-2 Synthetic Aperture Radar SAR) and hydrometric information (downstream water levels) were used as evaluation data. Uncertainty analysis was carried out within the generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation framework using the roughness coefficients and downstream water surface slope as free parameters. The results of this study showed: (1) the potentials and limitations of SRTM topographic data in flood inundation modeling; (2) the value of downstream water levels in constraining uncertainty in hydraulic model of floods; (3) the impact of setting a water surface slope as downstream boundary on the results of the hydraulic model (e.g., predictions of water stages and flood extent). © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.}
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mukolwem_2015,
  title = {KULTURisk Methodology Application: Ubaye Valley (Barcelonnette, France). Ubaye Valley (Barcelonnette, France).},
  author = {Mukolwe, M. and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Bogaard, T.},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Hydro-Meteorological Hazards, Risks, and Disasters},
  pages = {201--211},
  doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-394846-5.00007-2},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {kulturisk methodology; levee effect; regional risk assessment; ubaye valley; value of statistical life},
  abstract = {The growing coincidence of occurrence of natural hazards and vulnerable societies, leading to economic damages and fatalities, has triggered more studies on benefits of prevention measures. This chapter describes a study that aims to demonstrate benefits of risk-prevention measures by applying the KULTURisk methodology (see Chapter 6). The demonstration was implemented in the Ubaye Valley (Barcelonnette town), France. Our findings show that the methodology is an adaptable decision-making tool that may be used to support the analysis of alternative scenarios for flood-risk reduction. © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.}
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mondinoelena_2023,
  title = {Droughts and floods: people's perception of hydrological risk},
  author = {Mondino, Elena},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Hydro-Meteorological Hazards, Risks, and Disasters},
  pages = {335--355},
  doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-819101-9.00003-0},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {disaster risk reduction; drought; experience floods; integrated hydrological risk management; knowledge; preparedness; risk perception},
  abstract = {Since ancient times, drought and floods have caused enormous damage worldwide. Thus, understanding how people perceive drought and flood risk can help researchers, practitioners, and policymakers assist communities at risk and identify vulnerable areas. With the support of national survey data on risk perception, knowledge, and preparedness in Italy and Sweden, this study shows that the perceptions of drought and flood risk are heavily intertwined. Especially concerning drought, the geographical location of respondents plays an important role in the perception of risk. This may constitute a critical issue, considering that climate change and the intensifying anthropogenic influence on the hydrological cycle may expose to hydrological extremes areas that were previously not considered at risk. These results and their implications bring evidence in favor of an integrated hydrological risk management to overcome the limitations of focusing risk reduction efforts toward one of the two extremes.}
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mukolwemicah_2023,
  title = {Flood risk assessment in the Ubaye Valley (Barcelonnette, France)},
  author = {Mukolwe, Micah and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Bogaard, Thom},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Hydro-Meteorological Hazards, Risks, and Disasters},
  pages = {191--201},
  doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-819101-9.00006-6},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {early warning; flood; levees; risk; vulnerability},
  abstract = {The growing coincidence of occurrence of natural hazards and vulnerable societies, leading to economic damages and fatalities, has triggered more studies on benefits of prevention measures. This chapter describes a study that aims to demonstrate benefits of risk-prevention measures by applying the KULTURisk methodology (see Chapter 6). The demonstration was implemented in the Ubaye Valley (Barcelonnette town), France. Our findings show that the methodology is an adaptable decision-making tool that may be used to support the analysis of alternative scenarios for flood-risk reduction.}
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ekstrmelin_2024,
  title = {Flood mitigation at catchment scale: assessing the effectiveness of constructed wetlands},
  author = {Ekström, Elin and Brandimarte, Luigia and Ferreira, Carla Sofia Santos},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Nature-Based Solutions in Supporting Sustainable Development Goals},
  pages = {53--81},
  doi = {10.1016/B978-0-443-21782-1.00005-1},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {catchment; flood management; hydrological modeling; nature-based solutions; performance indicators; swat; wetlands},
  abstract = {This chapter contributes to assessing the effectiveness of constructed wetlands as flood mitigation measures at catchment scale. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT+) was used to model the Råån catchment in southwest Sweden where construction of wetlands has been ongoing since the 1990s. The assessment was based on a paired simulation scenario (with and without wetlands), and performance as nature-based solutions (NbS) was evaluated based on impacts on the downstream river hydrograph (including event-based), descriptive, consequential, and social indicators. The results implied that the flow-regulating capability of the modeled wetlands was directly related to their outflow mechanisms. Because the wetlands seemed to frequently exceed their maximum storage capacity and the excess water was immediately spilled downstream, the wetlands provided limited flood regulation services. However, lack of wetland-specific data motivated a low confidence grade for the indicators. If indicator values are to be useful tools in the future integration of wetlands as NbS, onsite monitoring data and further research are required to assess their impact on upstream-downstream processes.}
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bhattacharyaprosun_2011,
  title = {Arsenic in Groundwater of India},
  author = {Bhattacharya, Prosun and Mukherjee, A. and Mukherjee, A. B.},
  year = {2011},
  journal = {Encyclopedia of Environmental Health},
  pages = {150--164},
  doi = {10.1016/B978-0-444-52272-6.00345-7},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier Inc.},
  keywords = {aquifers; arsenic; arsenic exposure; arsenic-contaminated groundwater sources for arsenic exposure risks; biogeochemical triggers; brahmaputra basin; central indian igneous terrain; competitive ion-exchange; contamination; fe-oxyhydroxides; food chain; ganges-brahmaputra and meghna (gbm) alluvial system; groundwater; groundwater irrigation; holocene sediments; india; lower gangetic plain and delta; middle and lower ganges plain; modern flood and delta plains; north-eastern india; oxidation of pyrite; paleogeomorphology; public health pleistocene uplands; quaternary stratigraphy; reductive dissolution; rice; rice consuming population; sulfate reduction; upper brahmaputra plain; upper ganges plain; western bengal basin}
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_nilssonchrister_2009,
  title = {Reservoirs},
  author = {Nilsson, Christer},
  year = {2009},
  journal = {Encyclopedia of inland waters},
  pages = {625--633},
  doi = {10.1016/B978-012370626-3.00039-9},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {global warming; invasive species; landscape ecology; number of dams; reservoir distribution; reservoir ecology; reservoir function; reservoir geology; reservoir hydrology; reservoir size; run-of-river impoundment; storage capacity; storage reservoir},
  abstract = {This article provides an overview of the water reservoirs in the world. There are nearly 50 000 large dams in the world, retaining more than 6500 km3 of water. Creation of reservoirs has inundated an area like the size of France or California and has forced 40–80 million people to resettle. The majority of these reservoirs have been built during the last 50 years, but new reservoirs are still constructed at a rate of nearly one new reservoir per day. Reservoirs are used for irrigation, hydroelectric power generation, domestic purposes, flood control, and recreation. The world's largest reservoir is Lake Volta in Ghana, retaining 148 km3 of water. The world's largest dam is the 2309 m long at crest and 185 m high from crest to base. Three Gorges Dam in China. Reservoirs may show large fluctuations in water level, especially hydroelectric reservoirs in regions where large volumes of flood water are stored for use during dry periods. New reservoirs undergo ecological succession during which original communities are destroyed and new ones struggle to become established, coping with artificial environmental conditions. Reservoirs trap large amounts of sediments, causing coastal deltas to shrink, and they affect the nutrient balance in the sea. Some reservoirs also produce considerable amounts of greenhouse gases and speed up the dispersal of exotic species.}
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ferreiracss_2022,
  title = {Hydrological challenges in urban areas},
  author = {Ferreira, C. S. S. and Duarte, A. C. and Kasanin-Grubin, M. and Kapovic-Solomun, M. and Kalantari, Zahra},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Advances in Chemical Pollution, Environmental Management and Protection},
  pages = {47--67},
  doi = {10.1016/bs.apmp.2022.09.001},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier B.V.},
  keywords = {flood resilience; flood risk assessment; hydrological processes; sustainable water management; urban areas},
  abstract = {Urbanization alters hydrological processes and is often associated with increasing flood risks, which threaten human wellbeing and social and economic development. The conventional paradigm of flood protection relying on structural measures based on hard engineering solutions (e.g., dams, piped systems) has proven insufficient to mitigate floods. Sustainable water management, including solutions to enhance natural processes within urban areas, is a promising approach to enhance flood resilience and address the multiple sustainability challenges faced by cities. However, implementation of solutions based on mimicking natural processes has been slow. Mainstreaming of urban sustainable flood management is inhibited by governance aspects (e.g., limited collaborative governance), and knowledge gaps on effectiveness compared with conventional engineering approaches. The increasing flood hazards driven by growing urban populations and climate change projections of increasing frequency and intensity of large precipitation events demand improvements in spatial planning. This also provides opportunities for sustainable water management mainstreaming in order to complement the relatively limited drainage capacity of conventional systems. }
}

@book{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_2023_1,
  title = {Hydro-Meteorological Hazards, Risks, and Disasters},
  year = {2023},
  doi = {10.1016/C2018-0-05038-0},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  abstract = {Hydro-Meteorological Hazards, Risks, and Disasters, 2e, provides an integrated look at the major disasters that have had, and continue to have, major implications for many of the world’s people, such as floods and droughts. This new edition takes a geoscientific approach to the topic, while also covering current thinking about some scientific issues that are socially relevant and can directly affect human lives and assets. This new edition showcases both academic and applied research conducted in developed and developing countries, allowing readers to see the most updated flood and drought modeling research and their applications in the real world, including for humanitarian emergency purposes.Hydro-Meteorological Hazards, Risks, and Disasters, 2e, also contains new insights about how climate change affects hazardous processes. For the first time, information on the many diverse topics relevant to professionals is aggregated into one volume. It is a valuable reference to researchers, graduates, scientists, physical geographers, urban planners, landscape architects, and other people who work on the build environments of the world.}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_xiaoh_2021,
  title = {Saltwater intrusion into groundwater systems in the Mekong Delta and links to global change},
  author = {Xiao, H. and Tang, Y. and Li, H. M. and Zhang, L. and Ngo-Duc, T. and Chen, Deliang and Tang, Q. H.},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Advances in Climate Change Research},
  volume = {3},
  number = {12},
  pages = {342--352},
  doi = {10.1016/j.accre.2021.04.005},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {human activity; climate change; saltwater intrusion; groundwater system; mekong delta (southern vietnam); south china sea; climate-change; seawater intrusion; tropical cyclones; tibetan plateau; surface-water; level rise; coastal; management; impact; environmental sciences & ecology; meteorology & atmospheric sciences},
  abstract = {In recent decades, changes in temperature, wind, and rainfall patterns of Southeast Asia induced by climate warming in the Tibetan Plateau result in many environmental changes that have serious impacts on the lower reach of the Mekong River basin, a region already battling severe water-related environmental problems such as pollution, saltwater intrusion, and intensified flooding. In the densely populated Mekong Delta located at the mouth of the Mekong River basin in southern Vietnam, the hydrogeological systems have been transformed from an almost undisturbed to a human-impacted state and saltwater intrusion into surface water and groundwater systems has grown to be a detrimental issue recently, seriously threatening freshwater supply and degrading the eco-environment. In this article, the impacts of human activities and climate change (e.g., groundwater over-exploitation, relative sea-level rise, storm surge, changing precipitation and temperature regimes, uncontrolled drainage canals, operation of hydropower dams, and rapid development of aquaculture) on saltwater intrusion into groundwater systems in the Mekong Delta are briefly reviewed. Based on current status of research findings regarding saltwater intrusion and the subsequent groundwater quality degradation under the impacts of human activities and climate change, major knowledge gaps and challenges are identified and discussed, including thickness and permeability of the silt and clay aquitard, present-day highly heterogeneous 3D distribution of saline groundwater zones, dynamic variation of saltwater/freshwater transition zone, and the most effective and economical control measure. To bridge these gaps, future work should: 1) apply environmental isotope techniques in combination with borehole tests to gain detailed hydrogeological information regarding spatial variation of permeability and thickness of the silt and clay aquitard; 2) intensify regular groundwater monitoring and collect as much groundwater samples from multiple hydro-stratigraphic units at different depths as possible to visualize the present-day highly heterogeneous 3D distribution of saline groundwater; 3) develop a series of variable-density coupled groundwater flow and salt transport models representing various scenarios of human activities and climate change for predicting future extent of saltwater intrusion; and 4) identify the dominant factor causing saltwater intrusion and determine the most effective and economical engineering technique to address saltwater intrusion problems in the Mekong Delta.},
  issn = {1674-9278}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_sunhe_2024,
  title = {Increased glacier melt enhances future extreme floods in the southern Tibetan Plateau},
  author = {Sun, He and Yao, Tan Dong and Su, Feng Ge and Ou, Tinghai and He, Zhihua and Tang, Guoqiang and Chen, Deliang},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Advances in Climate Change Research},
  volume = {3},
  number = {15},
  pages = {431--441},
  doi = {10.1016/j.accre.2024.01.003},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  abstract = {Mountainous areas are of special hydrological concern because topography and atmospheric conditions can result in large and sudden floods, posing serious risks to water-related safety in neighbouring countries. The Yarlung Zangbo (YZ) River basin is the largest river basin on the Tibetan Plateau (TP), but how floods will discharge in this basin and how the role of glacier melt in floods will change throughout the 21st-century under shared socioeconomic pathways scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5) remain unclear. Here, we comprehensively address this scientific question based on a well-validated large-scale glacier-hydrology model. The results indicate that extreme floods was projected to increase in the YZ basin, and was mainly reflected in increased duration (4–10 d per decade) and intensity (153–985 m3 s−1 per decade). Glacier runoff was projected to increase (2–30 mm per decade) throughout the 21st-century, but there was also a noticeable decrease or deceleration in glacier runoff growth in the late first half of the century under the SSP2-4.5, and in the latter half of the century under the SSP5-8.5. Glacier melt was projected to enhance the duration (12%–23%) and intensity (15%–21%) of extreme floods under both SSPs, which would aggravate the impact of future floods on the socioeconomics of the YZ basin. This effect was gradually overwhelmed by precipitation-induced floods from glacier areas to YZ outlet. This study takes the YZ basin as a projection framework example to help enrich the understanding of future flood hazards in basins affected by rainfall- or meltwater across the TP, and to help policy-makers and water managers develop future plans.},
  issn = {1674-9278}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_pappenbergerflorian_2006,
  title = {Influence of uncertain boundary conditions and model structure on flood inundation predictions},
  author = {Pappenberger, Florian and Matgen, Patrick and Beven, Keith J. and Henry, Jean-Baptiste and Pfister, Laurent and de, Paul Fraipont},
  year = {2006},
  journal = {Advances in Water Resources},
  volume = {10},
  number = {29},
  pages = {1430--1449},
  doi = {10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.11.012},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {flooding; uncertainty analysis; free surface flow; sensitivity analyse; modelling},
  abstract = {In this study, the GLUE methodology is applied to establish the sensitivity of flood inundation predictions to uncertainty of the upstream boundary condition and bridges within the modelled region. An understanding of such uncertainties is essential to improve flood forecasting and floodplain mapping. The model has been evaluated on a large data set. This paper shows uncertainty of the upstream boundary can have significant impact on the model results, exceeding the importance of model parameter uncertainty in some areas. However, this depends on the hydraulic conditions in the reach e.g. internal boundary conditions and, for example, the amount of backwater within the modelled region. The type of bridge implementation can have local effects, which is strongly influenced by the bridge geometry (in this case the area of the culvert). However, the type of bridge will not merely influence the model performance within the region of the structure, but also other evaluation criteria such as the travel time. This also highlights the difficulties in establishing which parameters have to be more closely examined in order to achieve better fits. In this study no parameter set or model implementation that fulfils all evaluation criteria could be established. We propose four different approaches to this problem: closer investigation of anomalies; introduction of local parameters; increasing the size of acceptable error bounds; and resorting to local model evaluation. Moreover, we show that it can be advantageous to decouple the classification into behavioural and non-behavioural model data/parameter sets from the calculation of uncertainty bounds. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
  issn = {0309-1708}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_pappenbergerflorian_2008,
  title = {Multi-method global sensitivity analysis of flood inundation models},
  author = {Pappenberger, Florian and Beven, Keith J. and Ratto, Marco and Matgen, Patrick},
  year = {2008},
  journal = {Advances in Water Resources},
  volume = {1},
  number = {31},
  pages = {1--14},
  doi = {10.1016/j.advwatres.2007.04.009},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {global sensitivity analysis; flood modelling; uncertainty; inundation model; decision support; flood risk; earth sciences},
  abstract = {Global sensitivity analysis is a valuable tool in understanding flood inundation models and deriving decisions on strategies to reduce model uncertainty. In this paper, a sensitivity analysis of a one-dimensional flood inundation model (HEC-RAS) on the River Alzette, Luxembourg, is presented. It is impossible to define sensitivity in a unique way and different methods can lead to a difference in ranking of importance of model factors. In this paper five different methods (Sobol, Kullback-Leibler entropy, Morris, regionalised sensitivity analysis and regression) are applied and the outcomes on selected examples compared. It is demonstrated that the different methods lead to completely different ranking of importance of the parameter factors and that it is impossible to draw firm conclusions about the relative sensitivity of different factors. Moreover, the uncertainty inherent in the sensitivity methods is highlighted.},
  issn = {0309-1708}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_romanowiczrenataj_2008,
  title = {A data based mechanistic approach to nonlinear flood routing and adaptive flood level forecasting},
  author = {Romanowicz, Renata J. and Young, Peter C. and Beven, Keith J. and Pappenberger, Florian},
  year = {2008},
  journal = {Advances in Water Resources},
  volume = {8},
  number = {31},
  pages = {1048--1056},
  doi = {10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.04.015},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {flood forecasting; state dependent parameter; on-line data assimilation; uncertainty; earth sciences},
  abstract = {Operational flood forecasting requires accurate forecasts with a suitable lead time, in order to be able to issue appropriate warnings and take appropriate emergency actions. Recent improvements in both flood plain characterization and computational capabilities have made the use of distributed flood inundation models more common. However, problems remain with the application of such models. There are still uncertainties associated with the identifiability of parameters, with the computational burden of calculating distributed estimates of predictive uncertainty, and with the adaptive use of such models for operational, real-time flood inundation forecasting. Moreover, the application of distributed models is complex, costly and requires high degrees of skill. This paper presents an alternative to distributed inundation models for real-time flood forecasting that provides fast and accurate, medium to short-term forecasts. The Data Based Mechanistic (DBM) methodology exploits a State Dependent Parameter (SDP) modelling approach to derive a nonlinear dependence between the water levels measured at gauging stations along the river. The transformation of water levels depends on the relative geometry of the channel cross-sections, without the need to apply rating curve transformations to the discharge. The relationship obtained is used to transform water levels as an input to a linear, on-line, real-time and adaptive stochastic DBM model. The approach provides an estimate of the prediction uncertainties, including allowing for heterescadasticity of the multi-step-ahead forecasting errors. The approach is illustrated using an 80 km reach of the River Severn, in the UK.},
  issn = {0309-1708}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ridolfielena_2016,
  title = {A new methodology to define homogeneous regions through an entropy based clustering method},
  author = {Ridolfi, Elena and Rianna, M. and Trani, G. and Alfonso, L. and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Napolitano, F. and Russo, F.},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Advances in Water Resources},
  number = {96},
  pages = {237--250},
  doi = {10.1016/j.advwatres.2016.07.007},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {regionalization; similarity measures; region of influence; entropy; flood; ungauged basins},
  abstract = {One of the most crucial steps in flow frequency studies is the definition of Homogenous Regions (HRs), i.e. areas with similar hydrological behavior. This is essential in ungauged catchments, as HR allows information to be transferred from a neighboring river basin. This study proposes a new, entropy-based approach to define HRs, in which regions are defined as homogeneous if their hydrometric stations capture redundant information. The problem is handled through the definition of the Information Transferred Index (ITI) as the ratio between redundant information and the total information provided by pairs of stations. The methodology is compared with a traditional, distance-based clustering method through a Monte Carlo experiment and a jack-knife procedure. Results indicate that the ITI-based method performs Well, adding value to current methodologies to define HRs.},
  issn = {0309-1708}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_gobeynsacha_2017,
  title = {Impact of the timing of a SAR image acquisition on the calibration of a flood inundation model},
  author = {Gobeyn, Sacha and Van Wesemael, Alexandra and Neal, Jeffrey and Lievens, Hans and Van Eerdenbrugh, Katrien and De Vleeschouwer, Niels and Vernieuwe, Hilde and Schumann, Guy J. -P. and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and De Baets, Bernard and Bates, Paul D. and Verhoest, Niko E. C.},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Advances in Water Resources},
  number = {100},
  pages = {126--138},
  doi = {10.1016/j.advwatres.2016.12.005},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: ELSEVIER SCI LTD},
  keywords = {flood inundation; hydraulic modelling; calibration},
  abstract = {Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data have proven to be a very useful source of information for the calibration of flood inundation models. Previous studies have focused on assigning uncertainties to SAR images in order to improve flood forecast systems (e.g. Giustarini et al. (2015) and Stephens et al. (2012)). This paper investigates whether the timing of a SAR acquisition of a flood has an important impact on the calibration of a flood inundation model. As no suitable time series of SAR data exists, we generate a sequence of consistent SAR images through the use of a synthetic framework. This framework uses two available ERS-2 SAR images of the study area, one taken during the flood event of interest, the second taken during a dry reference period. The obtained synthetic observations at different points in time during the flood event are used to calibrate the flood inundation model. The results of this study indicate that the uncertainty of the roughness parameters is lower when the model is calibrated with an image taken before rather than during or after the flood peak. The results also show that the error on the modelled extent is much lower when the model is calibrated with a pre-flood peak image than when calibrated with a near-flood peak or a post-flood peak image. It is concluded that the timing of the SAR image acquisition of the flood has a clear impact on the model calibration and consequently on the precision of the predicted flood extent.},
  issn = {0309-1708}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_quesadamontanobeatriz_2018,
  title = {Hydrological change: Towards a consistent approach to assess changes on both floods and droughts},
  author = {Quesada Montano, Beatriz and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Rangecroft, Sally and Van Loon, Anne},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Advances in Water Resources},
  number = {111},
  pages = {31--35},
  doi = {10.1016/j.advwatres.2017.10.038},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {hydrological changes; threshold level method; floods; droughts},
  abstract = {Several studies have found that the frequency, magnitude and spatio-temporal distribution of droughts and floods have significantly increased in many regions of the world. Yet, most of the methods used in detecting trends in hydrological extremes 1) focus on either floods or droughts, and/or 2) base their assessment on characteristics that, even though useful for trend identification, cannot be directly used in decision making, e.g. integrated water resources management and disaster risk reduction. In this paper, we first discuss the need for a consistent approach to assess changes on both floods and droughts, and then propose a method based on the theory of runs and threshold levels. Flood and drought changes were assessed in terms of frequency, length and surplus/deficit volumes. This paper also presents an example application using streamflow data from two hydrometric stations along the Po River basin (Italy), Piacenza and Pontelagoscuro, and then discuss opportunities and challenges of the proposed method.},
  issn = {0309-1708}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_brunnermanuelairene_2018,
  title = {Representative sets of design hydrographs for ungauged catchments: A regional approach using probabilistic region memberships},
  author = {Brunner, Manuela Irene and Seibert, Jan and Favre, Anne-Catherine},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Advances in Water Resources},
  number = {112},
  pages = {235--244},
  doi = {10.1016/j.advwatres.2017.12.018},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {classification; random forest; homogeneous regions; regionalization; mixtures; floods},
  abstract = {Traditional design flood estimation approaches have focused on peak discharges and have often neglected other hydrograph characteristics such as hydrograph volume and shape. Synthetic design hydrograph estimation procedures overcome this deficiency by jointly considering peak discharge, hydrograph volume, and shape. Such procedures have recently been extended to allow for the consideration of process variability within a catchment by a flood-type specific construction of design hydrographs. However, they depend on observed runoff time series and are not directly applicable in ungauged catchments where such series are not available. To obtain reliable flood estimates, there is a need for an approach that allows for the consideration of process variability in the construction of synthetic design hydrographs in ungauged catchments. In this study, we therefore propose an approach that combines a bivariate index flood approach with event-type specific synthetic design hydrograph construction. First, regions of similar flood reactivity are delineated and a classification rule that enables the assignment of ungauged catchments to one of these reactivity regions is established. Second, event-type specific synthetic design hydrographs are constructed using the pooled data divided by event type from the corresponding reactivity region in a bivariate index flood procedure. The approach was tested and validated on a dataset of 163 Swiss catchments. The results indicated that 1) random forest is a suitable classification model for the assignment of an ungauged catchment to one of the reactivity regions, 2) the combination of a bivariate index flood approach and event-type specific synthetic design hydrograph construction enables the consideration of event types in ungauged catchments, and 3) the use of probabilistic class memberships in regional synthetic design hydrograph construction helps to alleviate the problem of misclassification. Event-type specific synthetic design hydrograph sets enable the inclusion of process variability into design flood estimation and can be used as a compromise between single best estimate synthetic design hydrographs and continuous simulation studies.},
  issn = {0309-1708}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_huirui_2018,
  title = {Adaptive water infrastructure planning for nonstationary hydrology},
  author = {Hui, Rui and Herman, Jonathan and Lund, Jay and Madani, Kaveh},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Advances in Water Resources},
  number = {118},
  pages = {83--94},
  doi = {10.1016/j.advwatres.2018.05.009},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {nonstationary hydrology; uncertain nonstationarity; water infrastructure planning; stochastic dynamic programming; risk-based analysis},
  abstract = {The uncertainty of a changing climate raises challenges for water infrastructure planning and design. Not accounting for nonstationarity may result in under-designed structures that fail too frequently, or over-designed structures that are economically inefficient. This concern is magnified by uncertainty in the long-term frequency and magnitude of future extreme events. Planning strategies that allow adaptations over a structure's life could improve both reliability and economic efficiency. This study develops a method to inform adaptive water infrastructure planning with uncertain hydrologic and other forms of nonstationarity, applied to levee system planning. A stochastic dynamic programming model including a Markov process is developed for infrastructure planning with uncertain nonstationarity in flood frequency. Bayes' theorem is used to update peak flow probabilities conditioned on observed past peak flows and to update expected residual flood damages over time. A levee system planning problem with a numerical example from California illustrates the approach to derive optimal levee heights over time, and economic values of adapting to uncertain nonstationary flood risk. The projected range of probabilistic hydrology scenarios affects the optimal results, particularly in later planning stages as hydrology scenarios diverge with time. Adaptive planning strategies allowing more levee upgrades over time slightly lowers the overall cost and provides better flood protection than one-time construction under nonstationary hydrology for any climate in the example. Compared to a known future nonstationary hydrology, incorporating uncertain nonstationary climate results in higher levees being planned for observed severe hydrology scenarios in later stages. The overall present value cost with uncertain nonstationary climate depends on rates of change in peak flow distribution parameters in future hydrology scenarios.},
  issn = {0309-1708}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_coryneil_2009,
  title = {Particulate aluminium in boreal streams: Towards a better understanding of its sources and influence on dissolved aluminium speciation},
  author = {Cory, Neil and Buffam, Ishi and Laudon, Hjalmar and SUBBjorkvald, Louise and Mörth, Carl-Magnus and Koehler, Stephan and Bishop, Kevin},
  year = {2009},
  journal = {Applied Geochemistry},
  volume = {9},
  number = {24},
  pages = {1677--1685},
  doi = {10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.038},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {organic-carbon; northern sweden; spring flood; water samples; trace-metals; river; catchment; runoff; fractionation; variability; earth sciences},
  abstract = {The adverse impacts of the inorganic labile monomeric Al (Al-i) fraction on aquatic organisms have meant that Al (Al-tot) determination and even speciation has become a routine part of environmental monitoring and assessment. However, if samples are not filtered prior to analysis then particulate Al (Al-tot(p)) could influence the determination of Al-tot, and therefore the determination of the more toxicologically important (Al-i), both when it is measured analytically or modelled from Al-tot. This paper shows that the Al/DOC ratio in unfiltered samples can identify the Al-tot(p) fraction, and thus improve the speciation of Al-i. These findings are based on data from a study in a 67 km(2) catchment in northern Sweden during the snowmelt-driven spring flood of two consecutive years. Filtered and unfiltered samples were studied to determine the spatial and temporal patterns in Al-tot(p). The concentrations of Al-tot(p) were greatest in larger downstream sites where significant silt deposits are located. The sites with no silt in their drainage area showed a mean difference between filtered (Al-tot(f)) and unfiltered (Al-tot(uf)) samples of 6%, while sites with silt deposits had a mean difference of 65%. The difference between filtered and unfiltered samples was greatest at peak flow. Spikes in Al-tot(p) did not behave consistently during fractionation with a cation exchange column, resulting in increases in either measured Al-i(f) or non-labile monomeric Al (Al-o(f)). Al-tot(p) spikes were associated with sharp increases in the Al:DOC ratio. The baseflow Al:DOC ratio could be used to model filtered Al-tot from DOC with a Spearman rho of 0.75. },
  issn = {0883-2927}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_wortbergkatharina_2017,
  title = {Strontium isotopes: A tracer for river suspended iron aggregates},
  author = {Wortberg, Katharina and Conrad, Sarah and Andersson, Per S. and Ingri, Johan},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Applied Geochemistry},
  number = {79},
  pages = {85--90},
  doi = {10.1016/j.apgeochem.2017.02.012},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {tillämpad geokemi; applied geochemistry; the changing earth},
  abstract = {The Kalix River shows distinct temporal variations in the Sr-isotope ratio in filtered water (0.726–0.732). During base flow in winter the 87Sr/86Sr ratio is on average 0.730. When discharge increases and peaks during spring flood the 87Sr/86Sr ratio shows the most radiogenic (0.732) values. The temporal variations in the 87Sr/86Sr ratio in the Kalix River can be explained by mixing of water from the woodlands and the mountain areas.During high water discharge in May the 87Sr/86Sr ratios are more radiogenic in the suspended phase (1 kDa - 70 μm) compared to the truly dissolved phase (<1 kDa). The difference in 87Sr/86Sr ratio between the two phases (Δ 87Sr/86Sr) is linearly correlated with the suspended iron concentration. During spring flood Sr and Fe derived from an additional source, reach the river. Deep groundwater has a more radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio than the Kalix River during spring flood and thus, represents a possible source for the suspended Fe and the associated Sr. Strontium can be coprecipitated with and adsorbed to different types of Fe aggregates. We propose that the Sr-isotope ratio in the suspended phase reflects the isotopic composition of the water at the interface between anoxic groundwater and oxic stream water in the riparian zone, where the Fe aggregates are formed. These particles dominate the suspended phase in the river and the mixing with mountain waters, poor in Fe, produces the difference in the isotopic signature.The different signatures in suspended and truly dissolved fraction indicate that these aggregates are relatively stable during stream-river transport. As such the 87Sr/86Sr can be used to trace the origin of the non-detrital suspended phase.},
  issn = {0883-2927}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_gustafssonjonpetter_2019,
  title = {Vanadium geochemistry in the biogeosphere -speciation, solid-solution interactions, and ecotoxicity},
  author = {Gustafsson, Jon Petter},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY},
  number = {102},
  pages = {1--25},
  doi = {10.1016/j.apgeochem.2018.12.027},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD},
  keywords = {vanadate; vanadyl; water; soil; sediment; bioavailability},
  abstract = {Vanadium is a metal that receives increasing attention due to its possible toxicity and its increased use in society, i.e. in high-grade steel and in vanadium redox-flow batteries. Already today, the global biogeochemical cycle of vanadium is heavily impacted by human activities, and these impacts will probably increase. The total V concentration in the upper part of the Earth's crust, and in soils, is near 100 mg V kg(-1). Usually, the dissolved V concentration is low. In seawater the mean dissolved V concentration is 1.8 mu g L-1, and in freshwaters the concentration is commonly below 1 mu g L-1 although in areas with volcanic and sedimentary rocks it may be much higher, i.e. at the slopes of Mt. Etna, Italy, concentrations of up to 180 mu g V L-1 have been recorded. Vanadium is a redox-sensitive element, which occurs in three oxidation states (+III, +IV and +V) in the environment. Whereas vanadium(V) usually occurs as the oxyanion vanadate(V) under most environmental conditions, vanadyl(IV) is an oxocation that is stable at low pH and/or mildly reducing conditions, particularly when the organic matter concentration is high. Vanadium(III), which is the least studied form of vanadium, occurs under strongly reducing conditions. All vanadium forms are strongly bound to environmental sorbents: vanadate(V) is bound as a bidentate complex to iron, aluminium, and titanium (hydr)oxides, and with a stronger affinity than that of orthophosphate (o-phosphate). Vanadyl(IV) is strongly complexed to natural organic matter, while vanadium(III) may substitute for other trivalent ions in mineral structures. Despite this, vanadium may be mobilized to the aqueous phase, for example under high-pH conditions. Studies with V K-edge XANES spectroscopy have shown that most oxic soils usually contain a mixture of vanadium(IV) that is octahedrally coordinated in primary minerals, and surface-bound vanadate(V) on iron and aluminium (hydr) oxides, although acid organic soils are dominated by organically complexed vanadyl(IV). In reduced environments, such as in sediments and black shales, available evidence suggests that the V consists of a mixture of organically complexed vanadyl(IV) and unknown vanadium(III) species. However, considerable uncertainty exists on the V speciation under reducing conditions, and additional research is recommended. Vanadium is essential for some species of cyanolichens and algae due to its presence in vanadium nitrogenase, which can be important for N fixation in boreal ecosystems, and in vanadium haloperoxidases, which mediate the oxidation of halides, particularly iodine and bromine. In certain organisms vanadium is accumulated for unknown reasons, e.g. in ascidians, where V accumulates as a vanadium(III) complex with organic S, and in Amanita mushrooms, in which amavadin, a stable vanadium(IV)-organic complex, is accumulated. However, at high concentrations vanadium is toxic to many organisms. This is mostly due to its interference with o-phosphate in a number of biomolecules. Available evidence shows that toxic effects appear in the mg V L-1 range for most studied species. However, some organisms, i.e. algae and possibly some soil bacteria, are more sensitive. In soils, the toxic response is related to the soil solution V concentration, rather than to the solid-phase concentration. The o-phosphate concentration has been identified as a parameter that influences toxicity, but the relationship between the P status and the environmental risk of V toxicity is not yet well determined - as a result risk-based guidelines remain uncertain. There is urgent need for more research on this topic. Vanadium, being a redox-sensitive element, responds to sudden environmental change such as flooding that leads to decreased redox potential. In most, but not all, cases, an increased solubilisation of vanadium is observed after flooding, which can be attributed to reductive dissolution of vanadate(V)-sorbing iron (hydr)oxides and to vanadate(V) reduction to vanadyl(IV) that forms stable complexes with dissolved organic matter. The vanadium redox conversions are carried out by a large number of genera of bacteria. Bioremediation methods are being developed that may reduce vanadate(V) to vanadyl(IV), which may reduce the bioavailability of vanadium in many soils.},
  issn = {0883-2927}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_herzogsimond_2019,
  title = {Spring flood induced shifts in Fe speciation and fate at increased salinity},
  author = {Herzog, Simon D. and Conrad, Sarah and Ingri, Johan and Persson, Per and Kritzberg, Emma S.},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Applied Geochemistry},
  number = {109},
  pages = {109},
  doi = {10.1016/j.apgeochem.2019.104385},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {fe geochemistry; fe speciation; fe isotopes; organically complexed fe; fe (oxy)hydroxides; boreal; sub-arctic; transport capacity; salinity gradient; xas; tillämpad geokemi; applied geochemistry},
  abstract = {Rivers have traditionally been viewed as negligible sources of iron (Fe) to marine waters, as most Fe gets lost during estuarine mixing. However, recent findings demonstrate that Fe from boreal rivers display a higher resistance towards salinity-induced aggregation, presumably due to stabilizing interactions with organic matter. Previous studies have shown that Fe (oxy)hydroxides are selectively removed by aggregation processes, and that organic Fe complexes are less affected by increasing salinity. It has been further proposed that Fe speciation varies in response to seasonal differences in hydrology. In this study X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was used to determine the temporal variation in Fe speciation and the connection to Fe stability in response to increasing salinity in two boreal rivers (Kalix and Råne River), with the purpose to better understand the fate of riverine Fe export. Sampling was done from winter pre-flood, over the spring flood, to post-flood conditions (early April until mid June). In addition, parallel analyses for Fe speciation and isotope composition (δ56Fe relative to IRMM-14) were made on river samples, as well as salinity-induced aggregates and the fraction remaining in suspension, with the main objective to test if δ56Fe reflect the speciation of Fe.The contribution of organically complexed Fe increased during spring flood compared to the pre- and post-flood, as did Fe transport capacity. However, since Fe (oxy)hydroxides were dominating throughout the sampling period, the seasonal variability was small. Interestingly, salinity-induced aggregation experiments revealed that Fe (oxy)hydroxides, which dominated aggregates, displayed lower δ56Fe than in the river samples Fe, while organic Fe complexes in suspension had higher δ56Fe values. The seasonal variability in Fe isotope signature could not be simply linked to Fe speciation, but was probably also influenced by variation in source areas of Fe and processes along the flow-path that alter both Fe speciation and isotopic composition.},
  issn = {0883-2927}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hiddingbert_2014,
  title = {Flooding tolerance and horizontal expansion of wetland plants: facilitation by floating mats?},
  author = {Hidding, Bert and Sarneel, Judith M and Bakker, Elisabeth S},
  year = {2014},
  journal = {Aquatic Botany},
  number = {113},
  pages = {83--89},
  doi = {10.1016/j.aquabot.2013.11.003},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  abstract = {Water level fluctuations (WLF) can be important disturbances promoting the diversity of riparian plant communities, but are currently absent from many managed aquatic ecosystems. A lack of WLF is thought to reduce plant diversity and hamper hydrosere succession. However, a positive impact of WLF on plant diversity may crucially depend on nutrient availability and the presence of a potential ecosystem engineer, the floating plant Strati otes abides, that may provide structural support to riparian plants. We tested the interactive effects of 40 cm flooding, presence of S. abides and sediment nutrient availability (N and P) on growth and horizontal expansion of eight wetland plant species in a 10 week experiment. Seven out of eight species showed a significant elongation response to flooding. Compared to stagnant water levels, flooding in combination with high nutrient availability decreased horizontal expansion in two short species and increased it in two tall species, whereas flooding decreased horizontal expansion in two other short species under both nutrient levels. In this 10 week experiment, we observed no effect of S. abides on the measured plant parameters. This experiment shows short-term negative effects of flooding on most of the short species. On the long-term, we hypothesize that improvements in water quality and seedling recruitment due to drawdown may result in net positive effects of WLF in the riparian zone, but as the species that were rare in the field happened to be short, care should be taken to maintain rare species when allowing more WLF.(C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
  issn = {0304-3770}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_lfgrenjohan_2011,
  title = {Monitoring coastal sea level using reflected GNSS signals},
  author = {Löfgren, Johan and Haas, Rüdiger and Johansson, Jan},
  year = {2011},
  journal = {Advances in Space Research},
  volume = {2},
  number = {47},
  pages = {213--220},
  doi = {10.1016/j.asr.2010.08.015},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {local sea level monitoring; gnss; tide gauge; reflected signals},
  abstract = {A continuous monitoring of coastal sea level changes is important for human society since it is predicted that up to 332 million people in coastal and low-lying areas will be directly affected by flooding from sea level rise by the end of the 21st century. The traditional way to observe sea level is using tide gauges that give measurements relative to the Earth’s crust. However, in order to improve the understanding of the sea level change processes it is necessary to separate the measurements into land surface height changes and sea surface height changes. These measurements should then be relative to a global reference frame. This can be done with satellite techniques, and thus a GNSS-based tide gauge is proposed. The GNSS-based tide gauge makes use of both GNSS signals that are directly received and GNSS signals that are reflected from the sea surface. An experimental installation at the Onsala Space Observatory (OSO) shows that the reflected GNSS signals have only about 3 dB less signal-to-noise-ratio than the directly received GNSS signals. Furthermore, a comparison of local sea level observations from the GNSS-based tide gauge with two stilling well gauges, located approximately 18 km and 33 km away from OSO, gives a pairwise root-mean-square agreement on the order of 4 cm. This indicates that the GNSS-based tide gauge gives valuable results for sea level monitoring.},
  issn = {1879-1948}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_chenaifang_2019,
  title = {Tropical cyclone rainfall in the Mekong River Basin for 1983–2016},
  author = {Chen, Aifang and Ho, C-H and Chen, Deliang and Azorin-Molina, Cesar},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Atmospheric Research},
  number = {226},
  pages = {66--75},
  doi = {10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.04.012},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {mekong river basin; occurrence; rainfall; tropical cyclones; hurricanes; rivers; sediment transport; storms; tropics; watersheds; extreme precipitation; fresh water resources; heavy precipitation; mainland southeast asia; mekong river basins; total precipitation; tropical cyclone; rain},
  abstract = {As home to about 70 million people, the Mekong River Basin (MRB), located in Mainland Southeast Asia, is often influenced by tropical cyclones (TCs) landfalling. The TCs not only cause flood and storm hazards, but also play important roles in providing freshwater resource and welcomed sediment transports. Our study focuses on the climatology of TCs and associated rainfall (TCR) in the MRB for 1983–2016. Results show that: (i) the mean landfall occurrence of TCs is 6.2 yr −1 , leading to 36.7 mm yr −1 of annual mean TCR (2.5% of the annual total precipitation), which mainly occur in monsoon-TC season (i.e., June–November); (ii) TCs highly concentrate on the lower eastern MRB, generating the largest TCR contribution of 12.4% to the annual total precipitation; (iii) the annual mean contribution of TCs induced extreme precipitation - R20mm and R50mm (days of heavy precipitation rate ≥20 mm day −1 and ≥50 mm day −1 , respectively) - to that from annual total precipitation is large in the lower eastern MRB; (iv) over 60% of the basin area is influenced by TCR on average; and (v) a significant weakening trend of the TC frequency has been observed. The present findings lay a foundation for further in-depth research of the potential influence of the dynamic TCs and the associated rainfall in the MRB. © 2019},
  issn = {0169-8095}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_yuyf_2023,
  title = {Compound climate extremes in China: Trends, causes, and projections},
  author = {Yu, Y. F. and You, Q. L. and Zuo, Z. Y. and Zhang, Y. Q. and Cai, Z. Y. and Li, W. and Jiang, Z. H. and Ullah, S. and Tang, X. and Zhang, R. H. and Chen, Deliang and Zhai, P. M. and Shrestha, S.},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Atmospheric Research},
  number = {286},
  pages = {286},
  doi = {10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.106675},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {compound climate extremes; climate change; trends and projections; china; heat waves; storm-surge; atmospheric circulation; temperature extremes; urban expansion; hot extremes; human health; east-asia; precipitation; impact; meteorology & atmospheric sciences},
  abstract = {Human society and ecosystems are impacted by climate extremes more than by climate averages. In contrast with climate extremes that are driven by individual climatic variables, compound climate extremes stem from a combination of multiple climatic drivers and usually lead to more severe risks than the former extremes do. The influences of the drivers for compound climate extremes are strengthening under global warming. Firstly, this review details the development of the definition of compound climate extremes over recent years and describes different types of events, such as compound drought and heatwave extremes (CDHEs), compound day and night heat extremes (CDNHEs), and compound flooding (CF). Secondly, historical trends in compound climate ex-tremes in China over the past half-century, and projections of future trends under different scenarios, are dis-cussed. For example, this study points out that a large part of China has experienced longer, stronger, and more frequent CDHEs than other parts of the country. CDHEs have followed a significantly increasing trend since the 1990s, and this trend is projected to strengthen further under different scenarios in the future. Thirdly, this study reviews different potential causes for compound climate extremes, including the internal variability of the climate system (e.g., land and atmosphere feedbacks, large-scale circulation patterns) and external anthropo-genic forcings (e.g., urbanization and anthropogenic emissions). In this study, we summarize risks from different perspectives by considering interactions between hazards, vulnerability, and exposure. Many studies show that risks to infrastructural damage and population exposure are projected to increase in the future, and that crop yields and ecosystem gross primary production are likely to reduce. Finally, we generalize our study and show that there is an urgent need for a comprehensive study of different combinations of compound events. We argue that it is important that we understand the key dynamic and thermal processes that are modulated by specific drivers and investigate the uncertainty in the projected variabilities for compound climate extremes. This re-quires interdisciplinary collaboration and will allow appropriate risk adaptation strategies to be developed. There has been great progress in research into compound climate extremes; however, an improved understanding of the mechanisms and risks is necessary as a theoretical basis for more effective climate adaptation policies.},
  issn = {0169-8095}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hlndavid_2024,
  title = {Hydrological dynamics, wetland morphology and vegetation structure determine riparian arthropod communities in constructed wetlands},
  author = {Åhlén, David and Hedman, Sofia and Tack, Ayco J. M. and Klatt, Björn K. and Schneider, Lea D. and Strand, John and Tack, Ayco and Åhlén, Imenne and Hambäck, Peter A.},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Basic and Applied Ecology},
  number = {81},
  pages = {7--16},
  doi = {10.1016/j.baae.2024.09.010},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Munich : Elsevier},
  keywords = {arthropod communities; hydrological dynamics; constructed wetlands; disturbance; riparian ecology; habitat filtering},
  abstract = {Wetland hydrological dynamics often dictate the composition of biological communities found in or near wetlands, either directly or through changes in vegetation composition. However, much remains unknown, particularly regarding how riparian arthropods respond to such dynamics. In this study, we used high-resolution hydrological data, along with presence of grazing livestock and shoreline vegetation height from 41 constructed wetlands in south-western Sweden to explore flood zone areas, flood frequencies, vegetation and grazing as drivers of the resident arthropod communities. The collected material consisted of 26,817 arthropods, where the dominant groups were Diptera (13,258 specimens), spiders (6,207) and Coleoptera (2,858), which were collected using SLAM (Sea Land and Air Malaise) trapping, along with pitfall trapping and vacuum sampling of riparian arthropods. We found group-specific responses to inundation frequencies, where wetlands with higher frequencies had lower abundances of some beetles and tipulids, and where wetlands with longer low-water table periods contained less trichopterans and heteropterans. In contrast, the size of flood zone areas only affected some wolf spider groups, that were more abundant in wetlands with intermediately sized flood zones. Shoreline vegetation height affected multiple groups, spiders, beetles and dipterans, but in different directions, whereas presence of grazing livestock had limited impact on abundances and community compositions. Given the variable responses to wetland hydrological and structural drivers, it seems that wetland arthropod communities would benefit from a high local wetland habitat variability, or wetlandscapes where individual wetlands have differing hydrological dynamics, morphology and vegetation. © 2024 The Authors.},
  issn = {1439-1791}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_cintassanchezolivia_2021,
  title = {Geospatial supply-demand modeling of lignocellulosic biomass for electricity and biofuels in the European Union},
  author = {Cintas Sanchez, Olivia and Berndes, Göran and Englund, Oskar and Johnsson, Filip},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Biomass and Bioenergy},
  number = {144},
  pages = {144},
  doi = {10.1016/j.biombioe.2020.105870},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {geographic information system; forestry; residues; lignocellulosic energy crops; agriculture},
  abstract = {Bioenergy can contribute to achieving European Union (EU) climate targets while mitigating impacts from current agricultural land use. A GIS-based modeling framework (1000 m resolution) is employed to match biomass supply (forest and agricultural residues, complemented by lignocellulosic energy crops where needed) with biomass demand for either electricity or bio-oil production on sites currently used for coal power in the EU-28, Norway, and Switzerland. The framework matches supply and demand based on minimizing the field-to-gate costs and is used to provide geographically explicit information on (i) plant-gate supply cost; (ii) CO2 savings; and (iii) potential mitigation opportunities for soil erosion, flooding, and eutrophication resulting from the introduction of energy crops on cropland. Converting all suitable coal power plants to biomass and assuming that biomass is sourced within a transport distance of 300 km, would produce an estimated 150 TW h biomass-derived electricity, using 1365 PJ biomass, including biomass from energy crops grown on 6 Mha. Using all existing coal power sites for bio-oil production in 100-MW pyrolysis units could produce 820 PJ of bio-oil, using 1260 PJ biomass, including biomass from energy crops grown on 1.8 Mha. Using biomass to generate electricity would correspond to an emissions reduction of 135 MtCO2, while using biomass to produce bio-oil to substitute for crude oil would correspond to a reduction of 59 MtCO2. In addition, energy crops can have a positive effect on soil organic carbon in most of the analyzed countries. The mitigation opportunities investigated range from marginal to high depending on location.},
  issn = {1873-2909}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_rothsara_2024,
  title = {The compound impact of rainfall, river flow and sea level on a watercourse through a coastal city: Methodology in making},
  author = {Roth, Sara and Söderberg, Louise and Aspegren, Henrik and Haghighatafshar, Salar},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {City and Environment Interactions},
  number = {23},
  pages = {16--16},
  doi = {10.1016/j.cacint.2024.100153},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  abstract = {Due to climate change, future weather conditions will become more extreme. During recent years, several severe damages have been caused by heavy rainfalls in combination with riverine events. Even though the effects of compound events are known to be influential for flood hazard, the method for investigating these types of events is a novel area of expertise. In this study, a methodology was developed to investigate a watercourse, acting as a part of a stormwater drainage system in an urban coastal area, in a hydrodynamic model to find areas prone to flooding. The method was applied for Ståstorpsån in Trelleborg, Sweden. The model was a unified model for seasonal variability and compound events with scenarios developed based on series of data representing normal values of the boundary conditions rainfall, river flow and sea level. The result was analysed graphically and statistically as a flood hazard. The data used was based on data collected during the past 10 years for rain and sea level and 16 years of simulated river flow. The constructed rain events from gauge data all had a return time of less than 10 years. Therefore, the chosen events are considered to represent normal levels. For Trelleborg, the results from the hydrodynamic model indicate that compound events will increase the flood hazard with anincreasing time horizon. The visual analysis converges with earlier flood events, and hotspots are generally seen around bridges and culverts. For the studied area, there is a large seasonal variation in the flood hazard and with climate change, all seasons will cause more severe flood hazards. The effects experienced during a summer event, which is the most severe event today, are to be expected for all seasons in 2100. The effect seen during summer eventsis a combination of all three drivers. However, rain intensity is likely to be more influential for normal events. When a certain threshold value for sea level is reached, sea level becomes the most influential driver, overtaking the other drivers in importance.},
  issn = {2590-2520}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_rodriguesleonor_2015,
  title = {Pre-Columbian agriculture in the Bolivian Lowlands: Construction history and management of raised fields in Bermeo},
  author = {Rodrigues, Leonor and Lombardo, Umberto and Fehr, Seraina and Preusser, Frank and Veit, Heinz},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Catena (Cremlingen. Print)},
  number = {132},
  pages = {126--138},
  doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2014.08.021},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {amazonia; llanos de moxos; raised fields; pre-columbian archaeology},
  abstract = {Recent archaeological research suggests that some parts of the Amazon Basin were significantly modified by pre-Columbian populations. One of the most impressive examples of such transformations is the raised fields of south-western Amazonia, in the Llanos de Moxos in the Bolivian Lowlands. Despite a growing interest in raised field agriculture, due to the important role it seems to have played in the development of pre-Columbian complex societies, very few field-based investigations have been performed in the Amazon Basin. As a result, there is limited knowledge of how these fields were constructed, managed and within which time-frame they were in use. This study provides a new interpretation of how pre-Columbian raised fields were managed and a chronological sequence of their utilisation and eventual abandonment. Fieldwork was carried out in the indigenous community of Bermeo, in the vicinity of San Ignacio de Moxos, where some of the best preserved fields in the Llanos Moxos are found. Magnetic susceptibility and the geochemistry of the sediments, combined with radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence dating, show that the raised fields were in intermittent use since as early as AD 570-770. The original surface on which the fields were built and distinct periods of construction and use have been identified. The data suggests that raised fields were built during a few separate construction events, probably linked to periods of more frequent and severe floods. The study challenges the most widely accepted theory that suggests that pre-Columbians were able to cultivate these fields on a continuous basis by transferring nutrient-rich sediments from the canals to the fields. We conclude that pre-Columbians built raised fields to overcome periods of increased flooding, with the main objective of improving drainage.},
  issn = {0341-8162}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ralsitoesandra_2015,
  title = {Paleo-environment and flooding of the Limpopo River-plain, Mozambique, between c. AD 1200-2000},
  author = {Raúl Sitoe, Sandra and Risberg, Jan and Norström, Elin and Snowball, Ian and Holmgren, Karin and Achimo, Mussa and Mugabe, João},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Catena (Cremlingen. Print)},
  number = {126},
  pages = {105--116},
  doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2014.10.038},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {flooding events; mineral magnetism; limpopo river; diatoms; mozambique; kvartärgeologi; quaternary geology},
  abstract = {Multi-proxy analysis was performed on a radiocarbon-dated core, collected from a relic oxbow lake in theLimpopo River-plain, Mozambique, with the aim to reconstruct paleo-environment and past flooding of thelower river system over the past c. 800 years. An additional objective was to evaluate and investigate the potentialuse of different proxies as recorders of paleo-flooding events and paleo-environmental variability within thefloodplain. The proxies applied in this study were: mineral magnetic properties, grain-size distribution, organiccarbon content and diatom microfossil assemblages.We found that sediment grain-size and mineral magneticproperties of the minerogenic fraction were the most sensitive proxies in terms of detecting signals from highintensityriver-discharge events. In the 800 year long sequence, variations in sand content, magnetic susceptibilityand saturation isothermal remnant magnetization suggest at least four major flooding events at the siteduring the reconstructed period; in the mid-1200, late-1300, mid-1500 AD and during the last century. Thediatom proxy reflects the development of the site from an open oxbow lake to a mainly terrestrial area. Thediatom assemblage indicates that open lake conditions prevailed at the site between c. AD 1200–1400, withperiodic inundation by marine water, most likely due to late Holocene sea-level changes. From c. AD 1400 andonwards, diatoms were rarely deposited at the site, which indicates drier conditions. This was a result of soilformation and gradual in-filling of the lake, a processwhich possiblywas accentuated by a regionally dry climatesituation. Our study shows that oxbow lakes and the proxies used here have great potential for reconstructingflooding events, a knowledge that is crucial for potential prediction and mitigation of flooding events inMozambique in the future. Although chronological uncertainties limit comparisons to other paleoenvironmentalrecords, it seems that the flooding events recorded at our site occurred both during regionallywet and dry periods. Our data infer however, that flooding was probably more clearly recorded during thelake-stages than during infilled stage, probably as the terrestrial environment was more exposed to erosion.},
  issn = {0341-8162}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_westerberglarsove_2018,
  title = {Geomorphology and pedology of the Engaruka archaeological environment, Tanzania, and the effects of the 1997-1998 El Nino flash-flood},
  author = {Westerberg, Lars-Ove and Hagberg, Emilia},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Catena (Cremlingen. Print)},
  number = {163},
  pages = {244--256},
  doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2017.12.024},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {el nino; flash-flood; soil; irrigation; tanzania; engaruka},
  abstract = {Here we analyse geomorphic, pedologic and hydrologic processes of relevance to archaeological research on the pre-colonial irrigation system at Engaruka, Tanzania. Although archaeological studies have been carried out in Engaruka for several decades; geophysical processes have not been in focus, despite having the potential to contribute to the understanding of both the ancient irrigation system and the current land use in Engaruka. Geomorphology and pedology were explored through field surveys and mapping using air photos and satellite images. The effects of the flash-flood during the 1997-1998 El Nino were mapped and quantified in the field. Maximum flash-flood discharge in Engaruka River was estimated using Marming's Equation. The geomorphic study revealed that Engaruka is an environment where high-magnitude processes (debris flows, flash-floods, rock slides) dominate landform development. Low-magnitude processes (sheet-wash, wind erosion), transfer fine-textured sediment to low terrain, causing successive coarsening of soil texture in fields of the ancient irrigation system. Andisol occurrence in the dry environment is associated with current irrigation, indicating incremental improvement of arable land resulting from human land use. Andisols appear transient; discontinuation of irrigation has caused a reversion to Entisols, as water retention and structure deteriorate upon drying. A flash-flood during the 1997-1998 El Nino caused destruction of parts of the archaeological remains, with severe impact on current land use and settlements. Approximately 80 ha (4%) of the total area of the ancient remains were covered by debris flow deposits and alluvium, or scoured by new drainage lines of the water courses. The denudation caused by the single flash-flood is estimated to 9 mm in the catchment of Engaruka River. Manning's Equation yielded a least possible maximum discharge in Engaruka River, in the order of 270 m(3)/s, some 600-700 times higher than normal, dry season discharge.},
  issn = {0341-8162}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_renxu_2025,
  title = {Does the Three Gorges Dam cause significant loss in mass accumulation rate and organic carbon accumulation rate?-Insights from the largest salt marsh in the Yangtze River},
  author = {Ren, Xu and Mei, Xuefei and Sobek, Sebastian and Du, Jinzhou and Li, Yue},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Catena (Cremlingen. Print)},
  number = {258},
  pages = {258},
  doi = {10.1016/j.catena.2025.109277},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {salt marsh; 210pb chronology; three-endmember mixing model; organic carbon mass accumulation rate; three gorges dam},
  abstract = {The Three Gorges Dam (TGD), as one of the world's largest water conservancy projects, plays an important role in flood control and disaster resistance. This study evaluated the accumulation rate, sources and influencing factors of organic carbon in the Eastern Chongming Wetland (ECW) before and after the construction of the TGD. The organic carbon accumulation rate (OC-MAR) was estimated using 210Pb radionuclide dating, delta 13C and C/N ratio mixing model, and the contribution of rivers, vegetation and ocean to organic carbon in the ECW was quantified. Research shows that the mass accumulation rates (MAR) in the Phragmites australis zone (CM-1), Scirpus mariqueter zone (CM-2), and mudflat (CM-3) are 2.88 f 1.32 g cm-2 yr-1, 1.95 f 0.45 g cm-2 yr-1 and 1.51 f 1.22 g cm-2 yr-1 and OC-MAR are 185 f 97 g C m-2 yr-1, 80 f 34 g C m-2 yr-1, and 33 f 15 g C m-2 yr-1, respectively. Integrated analysis of MAR, OC-MAR, and the three-end-member mixing model indicates that, although the construction of the TGD and other reservoirs/dams in the Yangtze River basin has reduced sediment discharge and particulate organic carbon (POC) flux in the Yangtze River, MAR and OC-MAR in the study area did not respond promptly in the short term. This may be attributed to: (1) sampling area being situated within a sedimentary belt formed by flood-dominant tidal currents; (2) a vegetation-dominated sediment trapping mechanism; and (3) continuous sediment supply from the submerged delta (below the spring low tide line). Results from the three-end-member model demonstrate that the increase in riverine OC input driven by finer sediment grain size and the rise in plant OC due to expanded vegetated area are the primary reasons for the OC-MAR increase. The current global annual carbon loss from mudflats (4.8 Tg C yr-1) has reached 330 times the annual carbon burial in the ECW (1.5 x 10-2 Tg C yr-1).},
  issn = {0341-8162}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_lidmanfredrik_2016,
  title = {U-234/U-238 in a boreal stream network: relationship to hydrological events, groundwater and scale},
  author = {Lidman, Fredrik and Peralta Tapia, Andres and Vesterlund, Anna and Laudon, Hjalmar},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Chemical Geology},
  number = {420},
  pages = {240--250},
  doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2015.11.014},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {uranium; isotope; stream; boreal; groundwater; oxygen},
  abstract = {Uranium isotopes (U-234/U-238) were measured in eight well-studied boreal streams of different sizes and characters and in seven deep groundwater wells (up to 11m deep) adjacent to these streams. The measurements covered an entire spring flood cycle, from winter baseflow conditions, through the peak flow and into the early summer, thereby capturing much of the hydrological dynamics in these systems. To deepen the interpretation of the spatiotemporal variability of the U-234/U-238 ratio a wide range of hydrochemical and geographical data were included in the analysis. Special attention was given to delta O-18, the most widely used isotopic tracer for hydrological pathways and groundwater transit times, because high U-234/U-238 ratios have often traditionally been attributed to input of deep groundwater and long transit times. The results demonstrated that there was generally a gradual increase in U-234/U-238 ratios in groundwater with increasing catchment area, which based on delta O-18 data was caused by deeper groundwater pathways and longer residence times in larger catchments. A similar dependence on the catchment area was observed in the streams, which during baseflow conditions generally displayed higher U-234/U-238 ratios in the larger streams. This relationship remained as the peak flow arrived, although it coincided with a general decrease in the U-234/U-238 ratios. Simultaneously, the delta O-18 signal dropped, indicating a greater influence of meltwater and younger groundwater. When combined, this confirmed that the activation of shallower groundwater pathways in connection with the spring flood also activated shallower sources of uranium. In connection with the spring flood there was a strong, nearly 1:1 relationship between the streams and the adjacent groundwater wells in terms of U-234/U-238 ratios, suggesting that the Quaternary deposits were the main source for uranium. Despite large differences in uranium concentrations between different landscape types no effects could be seen on the isotope signature, indicating that the U-234/U-238 ratio is a reliable tracer for the primary source and that the fractionation after mobilisation probably is negligible. All in all, the results demonstrated that U-234/U-238 ratios and delta O-18 generally provide a consistent picture of the hydrological and bio-geochemical functioning of the investigated catchment.},
  issn = {0009-2541}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_boloubibolouemile_2022,
  title = {Use of stable Mg isotope ratios in identifying the base cation sources of stream water in the boreal Krycklan catchment (Sweden)},
  author = {Bolou-Bi, Bolou Emile and Legout, Arnaud and Laudon, Hjalmar and Louvat, Pascale and Pollier, Benoit and Gaillardet, Jerome and Bishop, Kevin and Köhler, Stephan J.},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Chemical Geology},
  number = {588},
  pages = {588},
  doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2021.120651},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {magnesium; stable isotope; soil; riparian soil; watershed; krycklan},
  abstract = {The knowledge of the sources of base cations in stream water is a prerequisite to assess potential effects of changing environmental conditions such as changing rainfall, weathering or groundwater flows on cation export with stream water. This study use stable Mg isotopes to identify potential sources in the well-studied catchment of Krycklan located on gneissic bedrock covered by quaternary sediments in Sweden. Samples were collected from open filed rain, throughfall, stream, soil, rock and litterfall. The delta Mg-26 values of these samples was determined and the contributions of different sources to Mg fluxes in the stream were determined from the variation of the Mg isotope and Sr / Mg ratios. The results show an overall variation of 1.10 parts per thousand between all samples. In addition, Magnesium isotope ratios varied little in the streamwater and in soil solution, except during snowmelt periods during which a large portion of the annual runoff occurs. Magnesium in the streamwater is explained as a mixture of three pools (open field rain, soil solution and groundwater) with the latter two influenced by catchment processes. Outside the snow-melt period, Mg in streamwater mainly derived from the groundwater, assumed to be mineral weathering signature in this catchment, with a contribution ranging from 12 to 63% to Mg fluxes. Open field rain dominates Mg fluxes in streamwater during spring flood (0 to 78%) and may contribute significantly during larger summer and autumn rainfall events. Soil solution input to streamwater range from 16 to 59% of Mg fluxes in streamwater. Our results demonstrate that delta Mg-26 values together with Mg concentrations and Sr/Mg ratios can be used to constrain the Mg sources of stream water and quantify weathering release rates.},
  issn = {0009-2541}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_sunxiaole_2024,
  title = {Increase of chemical weathering in the Lena River Catchment under a warmer climate},
  author = {Sun, Xiaole and Mörth, Carl-Magnus and Porcelli, Don and Humborg, Christoph and Kutscher, Liselott and Hirst, Catherine and Murphy, Melissa J. and Maximov, Trofim and Petrov, Roman E. and Andersson, Per S.},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Chemical Geology},
  number = {662},
  pages = {662},
  doi = {10.1016/j.chemgeo.2024.122248},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {silicate and carbonate weathering; total inorganic solids; co 2 consumption; lena river; arctic},
  abstract = {Permafrost degradation has led to increased riverine ion concentrations and export to the sea. This study uses major ion data collected in summer in 2012 and 2013 and during spring flood in 2015 to investigate the spatiotemporal variability in chemical weathering patterns and the associated CO2 consumptions in one of the major Arctic Rivers - the Lena River and its tributaries. The catchment shows strong spatial variations in major ion concentrations in the main river and tributaries. The weathering flux represented by TIS (total inorganic solids) is calculated to be 112 Tg/yr, which is almost double that calculated in an earlier study 20 years ago for the same region. The CO2 consumption is estimated to be 4.9 Tg C/yr, which is approximately equally shared between weathering of carbonates and silicates, despite two thirds of TIS derived from carbonates and the rest of TIS by silicates and evaporites. Our results suggest an enhanced role for silicate weathering in elemental export and CO2 drawdown due to the ongoing transition from a near surface-dominated system towards a deep groundwater dominated system caused by permafrost degradation in the Arctic region under a warmer climate. Such an enhanced weathering pattern is also expected in other Arctic rivers; hence, a re-evaluation of the weathering budgets is clearly needed. Our findings improve our understanding of the response of the weathering regime in large Arctic river catchments to ongoing climate-driven permafrost loss, which also sheds lights into the role of land-sea element fluxes in sustaining primary production and carbon cycling on the Arctic shelf seas.},
  issn = {0009-2541}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kumarmanish_2016,
  title = {Coupling fractionation and batch desorption to understand arsenic and fluoride co-contamination in the aquifer system},
  author = {Kumar, Manish and Das, Nilotpal and Goswami, Ritusmita and Sarma, Kali Prasad and Bhattacharya, Prosun and Ramanathan, A. L.},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Chemosphere},
  number = {164},
  pages = {657--667},
  doi = {10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.075},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE},
  keywords = {co-occurrence; sequential extraction; desorption; fe (hydr)oxide; batch-desorption},
  abstract = {The present work is an attempt to study As and F+ coevality using laboratory based assays which couples fractionation and batch dissolution experiments. Sequential extraction procedure (SEP) resulting into five "operationally defined phases", was performed on sediment and soil samples collected from the Brahmaputra flood plains, Assam, India. High correlation between the Fe (hydr)oxide fraction and total As content of the soil/sediment sample indicates the involvement of Fe (hydr)oxides as the principal source of As. F- being an anion has high potential to be sorbed onto positively charged surfaces. Findings of the SEP were used to design the batch desorption experiments by controlling the Fe (hydr)oxide content of the soil/sediment. Desorption of As and F- was observed under acidic, neutral and alkaline pH from untreated and Fe (hydr)oxide removed samples. Highest amount of As and F- were found to be released from untreated samples under alkaline pH, while the amount leached from samples with no Fe (hydr) oxide was low. The study showed that the Fe (hydr)oxide fraction commonly found in the soils and sediments, had high affinity for negatively charged species like F- oxyanions of As, AsO43- (arsenate) and AsO33- (arsenite). Fe (hydr)oxide fraction was found to play the major role in co-evolution of As and F-. Two sorption coefficients were proposed based on easily leachable fraction and As present in the groundwater of sampling location for understanding of contamination vulnerability from the leaching.},
  issn = {0045-6535}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_olssonjonas_2026,
  title = {Ready for the flood? Assessing the applicability of pluvial flood mapping based on the worst urban flood in Sweden},
  author = {Olsson, Jonas and Kjellin, Johan and Tunjic Ekeroth, Sara and Stahl, Fanny Jeppson and Glaas, Erik},
  year = {2026},
  journal = {Climate Services},
  number = {42},
  pages = {42},
  doi = {10.1016/j.cliser.2026.100645},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {climate adaptation; extreme rainfall; flooding},
  abstract = {Pluvial flood mapping is a common way to identify locations at risk of being flooded in connection with an extreme short-duration rainfall. As rainfall extremes are expected to intensify in a warmer climate, more and more cities and municipalities are performing pluvial flood mapping, in Sweden and elsewhere. Often a rainfall with a return period of 100–200 years is used in the mapping, and the main question underlying this study is to which extent such conventional flood mapping can provide useful indications also of the consequences of a far more severe rainfall. To investigate this question we use the worst urban flooding in Sweden to date as a case study. In Aug 2021, a record-breaking rainfall with a return period > 1000 years hit Gävle city on the east coast, resulting in widespread flooding and massive damages. We reconstruct the space–time evolution of this event by combining different rainfall observations and using them as input to a high-resolution hydrodynamic model. The reconstruction was overall successfully validated using municipal and citizen observations. Different representations of the rainfall had limited impact on the average flood response, but distinct local differences were found. Comparing the reconstructed flooding with the results from a conventional 100-year flood mapping revealed that overall the worst flooded locations during the actual event were also pointed out in the conventional mapping, albeit with some differences. We recommend to always include assessments of fluxes and water velocities as well as sensitivity tests of very extreme rainfalls in pluvial flood mapping.},
  issn = {2405-8807}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hallincaroline_2025,
  title = {RoadRAT – A new framework to assess the probability of inundation, wave runup, and erosion impacting coastal roads},
  author = {Hallin, Caroline and Adell, Anna and Almström, Björn and Kroon, Aart and Larson, Magnus},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Coastal Engineering},
  number = {199},
  pages = {199},
  doi = {10.1016/j.coastaleng.2025.104741},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  abstract = {This paper introduces a new framework – RoadRAT - to calculate the probability of inundation, wave runup, and storm erosion impacting coastal roads. Extreme value analysis is applied to annual maxima of observed and simulated still water level levels (SWL), total water levels (SWL + runup), and storm erosion volumes. The probability of impact on the road is derived both for the present conditions and for future conditions considering long-term evolution of the coastline in response to sea level rise and projected continuation of historical trends. RoadRAT is intended for screening at a regional scale (>100 km) to identify vulnerable road segments that need further attention. A case study was conducted on the south coast of Sweden to demonstrate the framework. The results indicate that the main coastal road has a low probability of impact under present conditions, but that it will increase in the future under changing climatic conditions. In 2150, which is the target year for the analysis, several kilometres of the road will be lost to erosion, and flooding and runup will frequently impact parts of the remaining road. In future applications, RoadRAT could be coupled with models that describe the consequences of inundation, wave runup, and storm erosion for road serviceability and transport.},
  issn = {0378-3839}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_davidspeterr_2024,
  title = {Multi-, inter-, and transdisciplinary approaches to nature-based flood risk management},
  author = {Davids, Peter R. and Hartmann, Thomas and Ferreira, Carla S.S. and Kalantari, Zahra and Pereira, Paulo},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Current Opinion in Environmental Science and Health},
  number = {38},
  pages = {38},
  doi = {10.1016/j.coesh.2024.100537},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {boundary concept; flood risk management; governance; nature-based solutions; transdisciplinary},
  abstract = {Nature-based solutions (NBS) can act as a valuable complement to conventional ‘grey’ infrastructure for stormwater management (e.g. dams and dikes) in reducing flood risks as these ‘green’ solutions are perceived to be more flexible and multifunctional. However, to achieve effective NBS, a multi-actor approach in developing appropriate measures for specific sites is required as NBS occupy more space than ‘grey’ infrastructure and often overlap with private land. NBS also necessitate a multidisciplinary approach, to maximise environmental, social, and economic benefits. Thus, a transdisciplinary approach is needed for the effective implementation of NBS. Viewing NBS as a boundary concept, focusing on the common ground for different disciplines and actors, can facilitate communication and provide a first step towards effective flood risk mitigation.},
  issn = {2468-5844}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_riisejan_2015,
  title = {Case study: Makoko floating school},
  author = {Riise, Jan and Adeyemi, Kunle},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability},
  number = {13},
  pages = {58--67},
  doi = {10.1016/j.cosust.2015.02.002},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  abstract = {Makoko is a slum community living in wooden buildings on stilts over the water of Lagos Lagoon in Nigeria, and canoes are the residents' primary means of transportation. The challenges are significant, socially, economically and not least environmentally in view of changing climate and frequent flooding. In search of an appropriate solution, Amsterdam-based architects NLE have demonstrated a new form of floating buildings for Makoko and similar water cities in Africa and elsewhere. The first prototype is a Floating School, addressing appropriately not only building technology but also environmental issues and the everyday lives of people living in Makoko.},
  issn = {1877-3435}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_anderssonskldyvonne_2015,
  title = {An integrated method for assessing climate related risks and adaptation alternatives in urban areas},
  author = {Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne and Thorsson, Sofia and Rayner, D.P. and Lindberg, Fredrik and Janhäll, Sara and Jonsson, Anna C and Moback, Ulf and Bergman, Ramona and Granberg, Mikael},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Climate Risk Management},
  number = {7},
  pages = {31--50},
  doi = {10.1016/j.crm.2015.01.003},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {climate change; adaptation (gen); urban area; method; flooding; air pollution; 15 road: environment; adaption measures; heat; integrated assessment; urban climate},
  abstract = {The urban environment is a complex structure with interlinked social, ecological and technical structures. Global warming is expected to have a broad variety of impacts, which will add to the complexity. Climate changes will force adaptation, to reduce climate-related risks. Adaptation measures can address one aspect at the time, or aim for a holistic approach to avoid maladaptation. This paper presents a systematic, integrated approach for assessing alternatives for reducing the risks of heat waves, flooding and air pollution in urban settings, with the aim of reducing the risk of maladaptation.The study includes strategies covering different spatial scales, and both the current climate situation and the climate predicted under climate change scenarios. The adaptation strategies investigated included increasing vegetation; selecting density, height and colour of buildings; and retreat or resist (defend) against sea-level rise. Their effectiveness was assessed with regard to not only flooding, heat stress and air quality but also with regard to resource use, emissions to air (incl. GHG), soil and water, and people’s perceptions and vulnerability. The effectiveness of the strategies were ranked on a common scale (from −3 to 3) in an integrated assessment. Integrated assessments are recommended, as they help identify the most sustainable solutions, but to reduce the risk of maladaptation they require experts from a variety of disciplines.The most generally applicable recommendation, derived from the integrated assessment here, taking into account both expertise from different municipal departments, literature surveys, life cycle assessments and publics perceptions, is to increase the urban greenery, as it contributes to several positive aspects such as heat stress mitigation, air quality improvement, effective storm-water and flood-risk management, and it has several positive social impacts. The most favourable alternative was compact, mid-rise, light coloured building design with large parks/green areas and trees near buildings.},
  issn = {2212-0963}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_granssongunnel_2023_1,
  title = {Opportunities for planned retreat and flexible land use in Sweden: Local, regional and national governance perspectives},
  author = {Göransson, Gunnel and Van Well, Lisa and Bendz, David and Hedfors, Jim and Danielsson, P},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Climate Risk Management},
  number = {41},
  pages = {41},
  doi = {10.1016/j.crm.2023.100530},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {climate adaptation; dynamic adaptation; flooding; relocation; sea level rise; survey questionnaire; managed retreat; climate-change; adaptation strategy; uncertainty},
  abstract = {As the sea level rises and the frequency of intense rains increase, so does the need for climate adaptation. Planning for a successive development of society away from current and future flood prone areas to give room for water is not seen as an alternative in Sweden today, although it could be a strategy that creates long-term security. In this study, we investigated Swedish public authorities' perceptions of planned retreat and flexible land use. This was done through an online survey and interviews directed to officials directly involved in climate adaptation work, at municipalities, County Administration Boards (CABs), Regions, national authorities (NAs), and industry organizations (IOs). The responses were analyzed through the lens of a windows of opportunity approach. The study indicates that the extent to which climate scenarios are used and how far into the future the planning horizon extends in the practical work, varies between governance level which also have impact on the perspectives on planned retreat. The openness for planned retreat and flexible strategies seemed to differ slightly between governance levels in an ascending scale from regions, IOs / NAs, municipalities, to CABs. The survey has generated insights from a large number of respondents at different governance levels sharing their perceptions of retreat and adaptation in Sweden as a main contribution of this work.Difficulties to deal with uncertainties in climate scenarios and considering long-term perspectives were identified as some reasons that close the window for planned retreat. Enabling a flexible use of the land that will gradually become more exposed to flooding and sea level rise could be an intermediate step towards retreat. This would be a way to reframe a closed window of opportunity and begin the process of turning it into something transformative. It could be where the short- and long-term planning meet and a way to reframe our way of thinking about how we live and reside in dynamic waterfront areas, and perhaps lead to a more transformative, safe, and sustainable society for future generations.},
  issn = {2212-0963}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_nesettinasimone_2024,
  title = {Artificial Intelligence in Support of Weather Warnings and Climate Adaptation},
  author = {Neset, Tina-Simone and Vrotsou, Katerina and Andersson, Lotta and Navarra, Carlo and Schück, Fredrik and Edström, Magnus Mateo and Rydholm, Caroline and Greve Villaro, Clara and Kucher, Kostiantyn and Linnér, Björn-Ola},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Climate Risk Management},
  number = {46},
  pages = {46},
  doi = {10.1016/j.crm.2024.100673},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {extreme weather events; impact-based weather warnings; machine learning; flooding; climate resilience; boundary object},
  abstract = {In October 2021, the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI) launched a novel national system for impact-based weather warnings, moving from the traditional format for meteorological, hydrological, and oceanographic warnings towards an assessment process that includes collaboration and consultation with regional stakeholders. For certain types of warnings, joint assessments of the potential impacts of weather events for a specific geographic area and time frame are made in collaboration with local and regional actors. As part of this new system, local and regional administrative efforts are made to create assessment-support documentation which are collated by practitioners at the municipal or organizational level, drawing on local knowledge, and subsequently compiled by the County Administrative Board. This process aims to support the collaborative decision-making processes ahead of the publication and in the evaluation of issued weather warnings. This paper explores the potential of integrating long- and short-term perspectives in societal response to climate change impacts with focus on extreme weather events. We present a case of AI-based technology to support processes linked to the national system for impact-based weather warnings and its integration with local and regional climate adaptation processes. We explore opportunities to integrate an AI-based pipeline, employing AI-based image and text analysis of crowdsourced data, in the processes of the warning system, and analyse barriers and enablers identified by local, regional, and national stakeholders. We further discuss to what extent data and knowledge of historical extreme weather events can be integrated with local and regional climate adaptation efforts, and whether these efforts could bridge the divide between long-term adaptation strategies and short-term response measures related to extreme weather events. Thus, this study unfolds the existing and perceived barriers to this integration and discusses possible synergies and ways forward in risk management and climate adaptation practice.},
  issn = {2212-0963}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bendzdavid_2025,
  title = {Citizen concerns about climate change impact and perception of planned retreat in Swedish waterfront municipalities},
  author = {Bendz, David and Göransson, Gunnel and Van Well, Lisa},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Climate Risk Management},
  number = {50},
  pages = {50},
  doi = {10.1016/j.crm.2025.100750},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {climate adaptation; flooding; place-based characteristics; survey questionnaire},
  abstract = {This study examines citizen concern of extreme events and their views of planned retreat as a climate adaptation strategy to reduce the risk of flooding in five Swedish waterfront municipalities. Data were collected using a survey questionnaire (n = 1000). Sociodemographic and place-based characteristics were included in a basic framework of analysis. The data were statistically processed using the chi-squared test of independence and T-test for comparison of means. Place-based characteristics revealed themselves as important variables that are associated with awareness and concern of climate change. The respondents in all municipalities shared a concern for flooding and water scarcity. The concerns of storms, forest fires and erosion were clearly linked to place-based characteristics such as land use and geography. Variables such as age, gender, education, and income did not reveal themselves as significant for the rating of which types of serious events that were of concern to the respondents. The opinion of planned retreat as an adaptation strategy also reflected place-based characteristics, and there were significant differences between the municipalities. Preferences for adaptation through protection, relocation or no action were associated with the hypothetical flooding frequency, gender, age and education. Women and young respondents were more likely to consider the possibilities of a retreat strategy for creating attractive natural and recreation areas than other demographic groups. The main obstacles for planned retreat were shown to be financial, followed by technical and political issues. The findings highlight the need for policy- and decision-makers to recognize local/regional geography and settlement patterns in tailoring adaptation and preparedness strategies.},
  issn = {2212-0963}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_macklinpa_2020,
  title = {Carbon dioxide dynamics in a tropical estuary over seasonal and rain-event time scales},
  author = {Macklin, P. A. and Suryaputra, Igna and Maher, D. T. and Sidik, F. and Santos, Isaac R.},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Continental Shelf Research},
  number = {206},
  pages = {206},
  doi = {10.1016/j.csr.2020.104196},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {estuaries; greenhouse gas emissions; mangroves; submarine groundwater; discharge; blue carbon; coastal carbon; groundwater discharge; gas-exchange; co2; river; land; aquaculture; storage; driven; fluxes; waters; oceanography},
  abstract = {Tropical estuaries may release large amounts of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, but remain understudied relative to temperate systems. Here, we investigate hydrological drivers of pCO(2) along similar to 22 km of an aquatic continuum from the mountain river to the coastal ocean, including highly modified aquaculture and urban zones (Perancak Estuary, Ijo Gading River, Bali, Indonesia). We report seasonal spatial surveys (n = 8) and stationary time series observations (n = 4 days) during a rain event. Overall, pCO(2) ranged from 330 mu atm to 12,126 mu atm, with the lowest values observed near the estuary mouth and in the river upstream of the urban zone, and the highest values in the upper estuary where radon (Rn-222, a natural groundwater tracer) revealed elevated groundwater discharge. Average atmospheric CO2 fluxes in the upper estuary (107.3 mmol m(-2 )d(-1)) were -5-fold greater than in the lower estuary (19.1 mmol m(-2 )d(-1)), while the river was a minor atmospheric CO2 sink (-0.2 mmol m(-2 )d(-1)). Overall, the estuary was a source of CO2 to the atmosphere with area-weighted emissions of similar to 67 mmol m(-2 )d(-1). Seasonal spatial surveys revealed strong correlations between antecedent rainfall and pCO(2) and Rn-222 in the estuary, implying pCO(2) responds to delayed groundwater discharge. A detailed 4-day time series covering an episodic flooding event revealed sharp transitions in CO2 drivers, including dilution by rainfall followed by inputs of CO2-enriched groundwater. Groundwater discharge, as traced by radon, explained most of pCO(2) variability in dry and wet conditions. Overall, we highlight the importance of seasonal and episodic rainfall and how delayed groundwater seepage may drive CO2 distribution in a highly modified tropical estuary.},
  issn = {0278-4343}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_walshjohne_2020,
  title = {Extreme weather and climate events in northern areas: A review},
  author = {Walsh, John E. and Ballinger, Thomas J. and Euskirchen, Eugenie S. and Hanna, Edward and Mård, Johanna and Overland, James E. and Tangen, Helge and Vihma, Timo},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Earth-Science Reviews},
  number = {209},
  pages = {209},
  doi = {10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103324},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {climate; weather; extremes; storms; northern regions},
  abstract = {The greatest impacts of climate change on ecosystems, wildlife and humans often arise from extreme events rather than changes in climatic means. Northern high latitudes, including the Arctic, experience a variety of climate-related extreme events, yet there has been little attempt to synthesize information on extreme events in this region. This review surveys work on various types of extreme events in northern high latitudes, addressing (1) the evidence for variations and changes based on analyses of recent historical data and (2) projected changes based primarily on studies utilizing global climate models. The survey of extreme weather and climate events includes temperature, precipitation, snow, freezing rain, atmospheric blocking, cyclones, and wind. The survey also includes cryospheric and biophysical impacts: sea ice rapid loss events, Greenland Ice Sheet melt, floods, drought, wildfire, coastal erosion, terrestrial ecosystems, and marine ecosystems. Temperature and sea ice rank at the high end of the spectra of evidence for change and confidence in future change, while drought, flooding and cyclones rank at the lower end. Research priorities identified on the basis of this review include greater use of high-resolution models and observing system enhancements that target extreme events. There is also a need for further work on attribution, impacts on ecosystems and humans, and thresholds or tipping points that may be triggered by extreme events in high latitudes.},
  issn = {0012-8252}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_leszczyskak_2025,
  title = {A review of storms and marine coastal flooding in the Baltic Sea: Insights from instrumental, historical and sedimentary record},
  author = {Leszczyńska, K. and Alexanderson, H. and Clemmensen, L. B. and Giza, A. and Lorenz, S. and Moskalewicz, D. and Oliński, P. and Paprotny, D. and Rosentau, A. and Rutgersson, Anna and Stattegger, K. and Szczuciński, W. and Terefenko, P. and Uścinowicz, G. and Uścinowicz, S. and Wolski, T.},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Earth-Science Reviews},
  number = {266},
  pages = {266},
  doi = {10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105137},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {marine coastal flooding; coastal hazards; coastal disasters; storm deposits; storminess; historical archives; holocene; meteorology; meteorologi},
  abstract = {This paper reviews the state of knowledge on past and present storms and marine coastal flooding (MCF) events of various origins within the Baltic Sea, which is an economically and environmentally important part of northwestern Europe. We show that the combination of sedimentary, historical and instrumental records provides the most comprehensive insight into the history of storms and MCF. The frequency and intensity of these events vary considerably throughout the region and over the time (past 7000 years). The southwestern and southern Baltic Sea coasts are identified as the area most vulnerable to hazard posed by storms and MCF, both in the past and in the future. The best records of storms come from urbanized areas where long tide-gauge and historical records are available, while storminess history is best reconstructed from inland sedimentary and peat archives. Archives of MCF have been preserved only in a few locations and represent local, but temporaly comprehensive record of the most severe events. However, it remains challenging to relate records of storms, storminess, and storm-induced MCF to each other.},
  issn = {0012-8252}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_thorslundjosefin_2017,
  title = {Wetlands as large-scale nature-based solutions: Status and challenges for research, engineering and management},
  author = {Thorslund, Josefin and Cohen, Matthew J and Jaramillo, Fernando and Jawitz, James W. and Manzoni, Stefano and Basu, Nandita B. and Chalov, Sergey R. and Cohen, Matthew J. and Creed, Irena F. and Goldenberg, Romain and Hylin, Anna and Kalantari, Zahra and Koussis, Antonis D. and Lyon, Steve W. and Mazi, Katerina and Mård, Johanna and Persson, Klas and Pietroń, Jan and Prieto, Carmen and Quin, Andrew and van Meter, Kimberly and Destouni, Georgia},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Ecological Engineering},
  number = {108},
  pages = {489--497},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.07.012},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {wetland ecosystems; flow-path; ecosystem services; large-scale; change driver; ecological engineering},
  abstract = {Wetlands are often considered as nature-based solutions that can provide a multitude of services of great social, economic and environmental value to humankind. Changes in land-use, water-use and climate can all impact wetland functions and services. These changes occur at scales extending well beyond the local scale of an individual wetland. However, in practical applications, engineering and management decisions usually focus on individual wetland projects and local site conditions. Here, we systematically investigate if and to what extent research has addressed the large-scale dynamics of landscape systems with multiple wetlands, hereafter referred to as wetlandscapes, which are likely to be relevant for understanding impacts of regional to global change. Although knowledge in many cases is still limited, evidence suggests that the aggregated effects of multiple wetlands in the landscape can differ considerably from the functions observed at individual wetland scales. This applies to provisioning of ecosystem services such as coastal protection, biodiversity support, groundwater level and soil moisture regulation, flood regulation and contaminant retention. We show that parallel and circular flow-paths, through which wetlands are interconnected in the landscape, may largely control such scale-function differences. We suggest ways forward for addressing the mismatch between the scales at which changes take place and the scale at which observations and implementation are currently made. These suggestions can help bridge gaps between researchers and engineers, which is critical for improving wetland function-effect predictability and management.},
  issn = {0925-8574}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_wufeng_2019,
  title = {Assessing agricultural system vulnerability to floods: A hybrid approach using emergy and a landscape fragmentation index},
  author = {Wu, Feng and Sun, Yufan and Sun, Zhongxiao and Wu, Sihong and Zhang, Qian},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Ecological Indicators},
  number = {105},
  pages = {337--346},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.10.050},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: ELSEVIER},
  keywords = {agricultural system; vulnerability; floods; emergy; landscape fragmentation index},
  abstract = {In recent decades, the frequencies and intensities of extreme weather events have increased in many parts of the world. Floods, as one of the main types of extreme weather event, have a major influence on agroecosystem productivity, and, in turn, on agricultural income and food security. Consequently, analyzing agricultural system vulnerability to floods plays a significant role in food production and agroecosystem health. In this study, we establish a three-layer indicator system to evaluate agricultural vulnerability at the county level for flood-prone regions in China. Specifically, in the first layer, we assess agricultural vulnerability to floods based on the constructs of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptability. Indicators in the second layer include precipitation, runoff, land use, and capital, and are measured to capture the primary constructs. Together, the indicators are used to calculate agricultural system vulnerability to floods. We then innovatively correct the assessment results of vulnerability with the aid of a landscape fragmentation index, given that landscape fragmentation is known to influence the vulnerability of agricultural systems. The results for agricultural vulnerability to floods demonstrate clear spatial variations at the county level in 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010, and also show changes in the spatial distribution of vulnerability over time. In this regard, areas that are distributed near inland rivers, lakes, and the southern coastal areas, and those areas with dense river networks, have relatively high vulnerabilities. The assessment results also indicate that the maximum and average intensities of vulnerability have decreased over time, although the extent of vulnerable agricultural land has increased. Importantly, by comparing the results between selected county pairs, the assessment results corrected using landscape fragmentation index is verified to be more robust and objective than without correction.},
  issn = {1470-160X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_johanssonfrank_2019,
  title = {Environmental variables drive differences in the beta diversity of dragonfly assemblages among urban stormwater ponds},
  author = {Johansson, Frank and Bini, L. M. and Coiffard, Paul and Svanbäck, Richard and Wester, J. and Heino, J.},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Ecological Indicators},
  number = {106},
  pages = {106},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.105529},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: ELSEVIER},
  keywords = {beta diversity; compositional dissimilarity; environmental gradients; generalised dissimilarity modelling; geographic distance; odonata; urban ecology},
  abstract = {Stormwater ponds are beneficial to urban landscapes because these man-made systems can reduce the negative effects of flooding in urban areas and restrain the distribution of pollutants. In addition, these systems are especially important to maintain the biodiversity of urban landscapes. Here, we sampled a set of 18 stormwater ponds in the city of Uppsala in Sweden to test the relationship between beta diversity of adult dragonflies and environmental factors (local and land use variables). We analysed the total beta diversity and its two components: replacement and richness difference. We recorded 31 species of Odonata, comprising 61% of the Odonata species in the province of Uppland in Sweden. By itself, this result indicates the importance of stormwater ponds in contributing to biodiversity in urban areas. The richness difference component of beta diversity was higher than the replacement component. Results from generalized dissimilarly models indicated that the richness difference component was mainly related with pond area and total vegetation cover (aquatic vegetation plus vegetation surrounding ponds). Focusing on different vegetation variables separately, models indicated that the beta diversity components were significantly correlated with percentage cover of floating algae scums, emergent aquatic macrophytes and tall shore vegetation. These results are consistent with what is known about the ecology of dragonflies, including the importance of aerial plant structures for perching, shelter from terrestrial and aquatic predators, and for providing oviposition sites. We also found that the stormwater ponds harboured a large part of the regional species pool. These systems are therefore important havens of biodiversity in urban landscapes. Our results also indicate that the management of different types of vegetation is key to maximize the potential of these systems in maintaining regional biodiversity.},
  issn = {1470-160X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_moristefano_2021,
  title = {A methodology for assessing spatio-temporal dynamics of flood regulating services},
  author = {Mori, Stefano and Pacetti, Tommaso and Brandimarte, Luigia and Santolini, Riccardo and Caporali, Enrica},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Ecological Indicators},
  number = {129},
  pages = {129},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107963},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {ecosystem services; flood regulation; hydrological model swat; land use; corine land cover},
  abstract = {The effects of land use alteration, migration and urbanization are key aspects in flood management, as human activities can strongly influence the capacity of ecosystems to provide flood regulating ecosystem services and determine their demand. This study analyzes spatio-temporal dynamics of flood regulating ecosystem services to support watershed management planning. A methodology for mapping the supply and demand of flood regulation is proposed and applied to the Arno River basin, in central Italy. The spatial explicit analysis of flood regulating ecosystem services supply is carried out with SWAT - Soil and Water Assessment Tool, whose outputs are synthetized by two indicators to evaluate the retention capacity of each land use class originating from CORINE data sets. Quantification of demand for flood regulating ecosystem services is based on flood hazard classes derived from the existing local flood management plans (i.e., PAI-Piano per l'Assetto Idrogeologico and PGRA-Piano di Gestione del Rischio Alluvioni). Supply and demand data are then combined to obtain budget maps of flood regulating ecosystem services and their evolution, between 1990 and 2018. The results show how both demand and supply of ecosystem services have changed in the last decades, highlighting the main hotspots at the catchment and subcatchment scales. With the increasing urbanization, the demand values have grown in the Arno floodplains, where residential, industrial and commercial zones are located. At the same time, land use changes have altered the water regulation supply, resulting in a generalized decrease of the basin capacity to provide flood regulation services. The maps and tables obtained show the fundamental role of forest and other vegetated areas whose protection is a priority to assure future flood regulation and associated co-benefits (e.g., regulation of air quality, reduction of erosion, improvement of water quality, wood fuel). The assessment of flood regulating here proposed is a powerful tool for decision makers to improve flood regulation and provides a sound base of knowledge to identify and locate flood prevention and mitigation measures.},
  issn = {1470-160X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_krickovivanv_2021,
  title = {Sizable carbon emission from the floodplain of Ob River},
  author = {Krickov, Ivan V. and Serikova, Svetlana and Pokrovsky, Oleg S. and Vorobyev, Sergey N. and Lim, Artem G. and Siewert, Matthias B. and Karlsson, Jan},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Ecological Indicators},
  number = {131},
  pages = {131},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.108164},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {carbon emission; floodplain; greenhouse gases; ob river; seasonal influences},
  abstract = {The Ob River floodplain is the second largest floodplain in the world. Despite its vast area, estimates of carbon (C) emissions from the Ob River floodplain are largely absent. Here we present seasonal C emission and water area extent from the main channel and the floodplain along a ~4 km reach in the boreal zone of the Ob River. We found strong seasonality in water area extent of the Ob main channel (~1.8 km2) and floodplain (~3 km2) with water covering 34% of land during flood and subsequently declining to ~16% and ~14% during summer and autumn baseflow, respectively. The C emissions also varied seasonally over the open water period, ranging from −0.1 to 0.6 g C m−2 d−1 for the Ob main channel and from 0 to 9 g C m−2 d−1 for the floodplain. The dissolved organic carbon positively affected CO2 concentrations and fluxes in the floodplain during all seasons, whereas pH and oxygen concentration negatively impacted CO2 concentrations and fluxes. Some nutrients (ammonia and phosphate) positively correlated with CO2 and CH4 concentrations in summer. The total C emission from the study reach (1.8 km2 main channel, 3 km2 floodplain) during moderate flooding was 236 ± 51 tons C yr−1 (>99% CO2, <1% CH4) with the floodplain accounting for ~65%. The contribution of the floodplain to the net river C evasion may be even greater during years of high flooding and in northern regions of the Ob River basin, where floodplain soils are more C-rich and are underlain by permafrost, and in years with more extensive flooding.},
  issn = {1470-160X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_yangzhixuan_2023,
  title = {Capturing the spatiotemporal variations in the gross primary productivity in coastal wetlands by integrating eddy covariance, Landsat, and MODIS satellite data: A case study in the Yangtze Estuary, China},
  author = {Yang, Zhixuan and Huang, Ying and Duan, Zheng and Tang, Jianwu},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Ecological Indicators},
  number = {149},
  pages = {149},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110154},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  abstract = {Accurate monitoring of the spatiotemporal variations in the gross primary productivity (GPP) in coastal wetlands is essential for blue carbon quantification. However, the currently available moderate-spatial-resolution GPP algorithms and products may contain large uncertainties and may rarely meet the demands of tidal wetland research. In this paper, we examine two statistical methods, namely, simple linear regression and random forest regression, to capture the high spatial resolution GPP variations in the salt marshes in the Yangtze Estuary by integrating multi-source data, including eddy covariance, Landsat, and Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite data. The satellite-derived photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), enhanced vegetation index (EVI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and normalized difference water index (NDWI) are used individually and in different combinations to drive the two statistical methods and investigate their performances in estimating theGPP. The results show that together with the PAR, the EVI generally has the greatest potential for GPP estimation (R2 > 0.75, RMSE < 6.80 μmol m−2 s−1) based on simple linear regression. However, the NDVI outperforms the EVI in wetlands with little tidal flooding and plant litter. The random forest method improves the performance in terms of upscaling the GPP measurements to large regions, and the combination of the EVI, NDVI, NDWI, and PAR performs the best, indicating that the use of the more advanced algorithm and the incorporation of a remotely sensed index that reflects the tidal influence are beneficial to GPP estimation in coastal salt marshes. Moreover, using Landsat data with a high spatial resolution (30 m) yields a much more accurate GPP estimation than using MODIS data with a 500 m resolution. Our results demonstrate that the use of high spatial resolution data, the proper use of remotely sensed indices, and the incorporation of a good combination of these indices through an advanced algorithm such as a machine learning algorithm are vital for capturing the nearly instantaneous GPP variations in coastal wetlands at large spatial scales.},
  issn = {1470-160X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mauerhofervolker_2018,
  title = {The law, ecosystem services and ecosystem functions: An in-depth overview of coverage and interrelation},
  author = {Mauerhofer, Volker},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Ecosystem Services},
  number = {29},
  pages = {190--198},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.05.011},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier B.V.},
  keywords = {disservice; ecosystem; ecosystem function; ecosystem service; legal; mal-function},
  abstract = {Ecosystem services have been particularly since the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment in 2005 a broadly analysed issue. This discussion has been widely led by scholars from environmental and related economic sciences, while social scientists have paid less attention and legal scholars have hardly entered a deeper controversy about the topic. This paper addresses the following questions 1. in how far law in general already currently covers – perhaps not explicitly - ecosystem services 2. in how far law goes beyond the pure coverage of these ‘services’ and additionally covers functions of ecosystems which usually are not already considered ‘services’ 3. which consequences arise from this differentiated coverage by law, and 4. which services/functions of ecosystems the law and even governance in the widest sense are not able to cover at all or in particular situations. The whole analysis is implemented by an in-depth review of existing academic literature as well as by means of theoretical and practical cases which support the arguments brought forward. First, it is shown by examples that law covers since millennia the essence of all the main different ecosystem services but not necessarily by using the term ecosystem services. Secondly, several cases describe how law addresses functions of ecosystems which often are not considered (anymore) by humans as ecosystem services, such as river floods, springtides and volcano eruptions. Thirdly, among the consequences found are conflicting interests between more ecocentric related functions and more anthropocentric related services of ecosystems. Law has played in the past a pivotal role in fostering these ecosystem services. With regard to ecosystem functions the role of law has during the past been a less enabling, but rather a restricting one. However, some recent changes of this situation, e.g. in flood protection or wilderness conservation are shown. Fourthly, the paper indicates e.g. natural genetic modifications and fertilizing through volcano eruption as services/functions of ecosystems which the law and even governance in the widest sense is not able to cover at all in the sense of enabling, but only – if at all - can cover in a reactive way. The results of this contribution provide a basic assessment of the relationship between law and the functions as well as the services of ecosystems. In this way, the findings critically reflect potentials and pitfalls to be globally considered when intending to apply law on these features.},
  issn = {2212-0416}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_jacobss_2009,
  title = {Restoration of tidal freshwater vegetation using controlled reduced tide (CRT) along the Schelde Estuary (Belgium)},
  author = {Jacobs, S. and Beauchard, O. and Struyf, Eric and Cox, T. and Maris, T. and Meire, P.},
  year = {2009},
  journal = {Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science},
  volume = {3},
  number = {85},
  pages = {368--376},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2009.09.004},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  abstract = {Throughout the world, tidal marshes are being restored to obtain natural protection against recurring storm surges and sea level rise and to preserve the resources these habitats provide. Managed realignment, or breaching of the seaward dikes, is a restoration technique increasingly used; yet unsuitable site elevation has been a major constraint to habitat development. Controlled reduced tide (CRT), a new technique to implement tidal regime on low elevated sites, could offer solutions for several problems associated with reconstruction or mitigation of tidal marshes. We followed vegetation development at 3-month intervals during two years after implementation of the first pilot CRT treatment, which aimed to restore tidal freshwater marsh habitat in an agricultural site where elevation relative to the estuarine marshes has lowered. The development of the plant community and its driving forces (flooding, remnant vegetation) were studied. Arrival and establishment of typical tidal freshwater marsh vegetation wasrapid, and a clear elevation gradient developed by eradication of terrestrial species and colonisation by estuarine species. Remnant vegetation substantially reduced the number of new established species. General development trajectory as well as the changing effect of driving forces and their interaction point to a swift ecosystem shift during the first two surveys, and a gradual species saturation during the seven following surveys. Vegetation communities seem to deviate from the nearby tidal freshwater marshes, but show similarities with tidal freshwater marshes described for the beginning of the 20th century. The CRT-technique provides strong potential for durable, adaptive restoration of tidal marshes on sites with low elevation. Wider implementation of the CRT technique could increase the total surface of tidal freshwater marshes with fully developed vegetation gradients. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
  issn = {1096-0015}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_woodrowrl_2022,
  title = {Nitrous oxide hot moments and cold spots in a subtropical estuary: Floods and mangroves},
  author = {Woodrow, R. L. and White, S. A. and Sanders, C. J. and Holloway, C. J. and Wadnerkar, P. D. and Conrad, S. R. and Tucker, J. P. and Davis, K. L. and Santos, Isaac R.},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science},
  number = {264},
  pages = {264},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2021.107656},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {153.10 °e; 30.30 °s; australia; coffs harbour; greenhouse gases; hydrology; nsw; porewater exchange; regional index terms; wetlands; estuarine environment; estuarine sediment; estuary; flood; hydrodynamics; mangrove; nitrous oxide; seasonal variation; subtropical region; coffee bay; eastern cape; south africa; rhizophoraceae},
  abstract = {Flood events can transport large nitrogen loads to the ocean in short periods with the potential to produce significant nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions along an estuarine gradient. Here, we evaluate temporal and spatial N2O air-water fluxes from both seasonal, and flood-event timescales in an urban subtropical estuary surrounded by mangroves (Coffs Creek, Australia). Overall, the estuary was a minor atmospheric source of N2O with emissions of 3.9 ± 1.2 μmol m−2 d−1. However, the mangrove-dominated lower estuary was a sink of N2O in the dry months (−5.4 ± 2.2 μmol m−2 d−1), then a source in the wet months (11.7 ± 1.6 μmol m−2 d−1) and also during an eight-day flood event (66.9 ± 9.8 μmol m−2 d−1). The flood event drove changes in estuary N2O dynamics, creating a ‘hot moment’ with the highest N2O emissions following the transport of nitrate + nitrite (NOX) from the modified catchment. The hot moment coincided with a 13-fold increase in mean daily N2O emissions and increased annual net emissions estimates to the atmosphere by 41%. In the mangrove-dominated creek sections, N2O was consumed in the dry conditions (cold spots). Seasonal variation was prominent in the attenuation and consumption of N2O in the mangrove dominated sections of the creek, while flood events potentially reduce natural creek NOX attenuation capacity and elevate N2O emissions. Without observation s in both seasonal and episodic rainfall timeframes, estuarine N2O studies in subtropical regions may underestimate N2O emissions and budgets. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd},
  issn = {0272-7714}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_moodyaa_2022,
  title = {Groundwater-derived U and Ba exports from a coastal acid sulfate soil (CASS) catchment following rain events},
  author = {Moody, A. A. and Santos, Isaac R. and Shiller, A. M.},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science},
  number = {270},
  pages = {270},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2022.107838},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {barium; coastal acid sulfate soil; flooding; groundwater; uranium; acid sulfate soil; catchment; oxidation; rainfall; surface water; australia},
  abstract = {Coastal acid sulfate soil (CASS) catchments are regions of enhanced weathering due to sulfur mineral oxidation following drainage of anoxic wetland soils. Heavy rainfall flushes CASS soils, releasing dissolved metals to nearby estuaries and the coastal ocean. The importance of CASS environments on the release of uranium (U) and barium (Ba) to the coastal ocean is not well understood. Here, we discuss daily observations of dissolved Ba and U in an extensively drained CASS system in Australia under contrasting hydrological conditions. Radon-traced groundwater discharge following rain events released trace metals to surface waters. Groundwater fluxes of Ba and U were on average 10% and 30% of the total surface fluxes in the Tuckean Swamp, respectively. The average local surface water fluxes from the Tuckean Swamp were 1692 and 1.6 μmol/m2/yr from the catchment. On a global scale, dissolved Ba and U derived from CASS systems may be equivalent to 1.0% and 2.5% of rivers, respectively, even though CASS cover only ∼0.1% of the global continental area. While CASS may not be a major contributor of dissolved Ba and U to the global ocean, fluxes on a square meter basis indicate that CASS may be highly important to regional U and Ba budgets.},
  issn = {0272-7714}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_wanzalamaureena_2022,
  title = {Assessment of global reanalysis precipitation for hydrological modelling in data-scarce regions: A case study of Kenya},
  author = {Wanzala, Maureen A. and Ficchi, Andrea and Cloke, Hannah L. and Stephens, Elisabeth M. and Badjana, Heou M. and Lavers, David A.},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
  number = {41},
  pages = {41},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ejrh.2022.101105},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {reanalysis data; kenyan catchments; model calibration; model performance; sensitivity analysis; model suitability index},
  abstract = {Study region: 19 flood prone catchments in Kenya, Eastern Africa.Study focus: Flooding is a major natural hazard especially in developing countries, and the need for timely, reliable, and actionable hydrological forecasts is paramount. Hydrological modelling is essential to produce forecasts but is a challenging task, especially in poorly gauged catchments, because of the inadequate temporal and spatial coverage of hydro-meteorological observations. Open access global meteorological reanalysis datasets can fill in this gap, however they have significant errors. This study assesses the performance of four reanalysis datasets (ERA5, ERA Interim, CFSR and JRA55) over Kenya for the period 1981-2016 on daily, monthly, seasonal, and annual timescales. We firstly evaluate the reanalysis datasets by comparing them against observations from the Climate Hazards group Infrared Precipitation with Station. Secondly, we evaluate the ability of these reanalysis datasets to simulate streamflow using GR4J model considering both model performance and parameters sensitivity and identifiability.New hydrological insights for the region: While ERA5 is the best performing dataset overall, performance varies by season, and catchment and therefore there are marked differences in the suitability of reanalysis products for forcing hydrological models. Overall, wetland catchments in the western regions and highlands of Kenya obtained relatively better scores compared to those in the semi-arid regions, this can inform future applications of reanalysis products for setting up hydrological models that can be used for flood forecasting, early warning, and early action in data scarce regions, such as Kenya.},
  issn = {2214-5818}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_zivehakbarrahmati_2022,
  title = {Spatio-temporal performance evaluation of 14 global precipitation estimation products across river basins in southwest Iran},
  author = {Ziveh, Akbar Rahmati and Bakhtar, Aydin and Shayeghi, Afshin and Kalantari, Zahra and Bavani, Alireza Massah and Ghajarnia, Navid},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
  number = {44},
  pages = {101269},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ejrh.2022.101269},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {global precipitation estimation products; spatio-temporal performance evaluation; statistical error analysis; categorical index; iran},
  abstract = {Study region: Karkheh and Karun basins (29 degrees-35 degrees N, 46 degrees-52 degrees E) are two large river basins (area 51,000 and 67,000 km2, respectively) with complex topography in southwest Iran.Study focus: Access to spatio-temporally consistent precipitation data is a key requirement for hydrological studies, especially in data-scarce regions. This study evaluated 14 global precipi-tation products against gauge observations from 2003 to 2012 in Karun and Karkheh basins, southwest Iran. Different categorical and statistical indices at varying spatial and temporal res-olution, including Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE), bias, correlation coefficient, and variability ratio, were used to evaluate the products.New hydrological insights for the region: For daily time steps, TMPA-3B42V7.0, MERRA-2, and CMORPH-BLDV1.0 outperformed all other products, with KGE > 0.3. TMPA-3B42V7.0, MERRA-2, and PERSIANN-CDR were the best-performing products for monthly time steps, with KGE> 0.5. ERA5-Land showed the highest positive bias (bias>1.5) compared with in-situ observations, particularly for mountainous southeastern parts of Karun basin. Overall, bias-adjusted products obtained by merging ground-based observations in the estimations outperformed the unadjusted versions. The spatial distribution of statistical error metrics indicated that almost all products showed their greatest uncertainties for mountainous regions due to complex precipitation pro-cesses in these regions. These results can contribute significantly to hydrological and water re-sources planning measures in the study region, including early flood warning systems, drought monitoring, and optimization of dam operation.},
  issn = {2214-5818}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mehrimilad_2024,
  title = {Block-scale use of bioretention cells to restore the urban water balance: A case study in Tehran metropolis},
  author = {Mehri, Milad and Hashemy Shahdany, S. Mehdy and Javadi, Saman and Movahedinia, Maryam and Berndtsson, Ronny},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies},
  number = {51},
  pages = {51},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ejrh.2023.101621},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  abstract = {Study region: A densely populated urban area located in the 13th municipality of Tehran metropolis, Iran. Study focus: Bioretention cell is one of the low-impact development methods that aims to restore the hydrological cycle in city areas before urban development. However, the bioretention cell's hydrological performance can vary in urban environments. As a result, this research investigated the effectiveness of a bioretention cell in reducing runoff and recharging groundwater in a densely populated metropolitan area located in eastern Tehran, Iran. Groundwater and surface water modeling were conducted separately. The SWMM model was used for surface water modeling, while a novel approach that utilized the SWMM groundwater module was implemented to assess the bioretention cell's impact on groundwater recharge quantitatively. New hydrological insights for the region: The study found that implementing bioretention cells can significantly reduce total runoff volume, ranging from 75.6% to 60.7% for rainfall with a return period of 2–100 years. This reduction is due to increased infiltration from the bioretention cells, which can lead to a maximum monthly increase of 12.2–44.0 millimeters of groundwater table for the same rainfall events. The study highlights the effectiveness of retaining runoff through bioretention cells in mitigating flooding, restoring the hydrological cycle, and reviving aquifers in urban areas.},
  issn = {2214-5818}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_prajapatianisha_2024,
  title = {Entropy based approach for precipitation monitoring network in Bihar, India},
  author = {Prajapati, Anisha and Roshni, Thendiyath and Berndtsson, Ronny},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies},
  number = {51},
  pages = {51},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ejrh.2023.101623},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  abstract = {Study region: Bihar State, located in India's eastern region, displays significant spatial and temporal variation in rainfall during the Indian Summer Monsoon period with subsequent flooding problems. Study focus: Recent severe flooding problems highlight the need for improved spatial precipitation monitoring to enable effective flood management and reduce water-related disasters. To address this challenge, we employed Shannon entropy theory to assess the spatial distribution of precipitation and identify critical areas for rain gauge network improvements. We used Principal of Maximum Entropy (POME) to compute entropy measures and Value of Monitoring (VOM) with Thiessen polygons, and Adjacent Station Groups (ASGs). New hydrological insights for the region: The results showed that the Marginal Entropy (ME) values lie between 0.039 and 0.048. The maximum values of ME are in the northeast area of the study region, exhibiting larger complexity and variability in the environmental conditions typical for northeast Bihar. The VOM was in the range of − 1 to + 1 suggesting strategic placement of additional 12 rain gauge stations to improve the existing monitoring network. The new locations were in the south mountainous area, the east, and the northwest, enhancing network coverage and addressing spatial and temporal precipitation variability. These findings support the design of a more effective monitoring network and have significant implications in hydrological modelling, flood prediction, and water resources management.},
  issn = {2214-5818}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_panahimahdi_2025,
  title = {Unveiling global flood hotspots: Optimized machine learning techniques for enhanced flood susceptibility modeling},
  author = {Panahi, Mahdi and Khosravi, Khabat and Rezaie, Fatemeh and Kalantari, Zahra and Lee, Jeong A.},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
  number = {58},
  pages = {58},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102285},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {flood modeling; frequency ratio; global scale; machine learning; optimization},
  abstract = {Study region: Worldwide Study focus: Floods are among the most catastrophic and dangerous natural calamities globally, causing irreparable damage to human lives and property, and environmental degradation. Flood susceptibility mapping is a cost-effective tool to mitigate and manage the impacts of flood occurrences, but high accuracy in mapping is important to support management strategies. This study assessed the efficiency of three machine learning approaches, including support vector regression (SVR) and its optimized versions through combination with grey wolf optimizer (GWO) and whale optimization algorithm (WOA), in generating accurate flood susceptibility maps at a global scale. Data from 6682 historical flood events, covering eight flood-related geo-environmental factors were used to generate the maps. All maps produced were evaluated based on root mean square error (RMSE), mean squared error (MSE), standard deviation, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). New hydrological insights for the region: This study reveals that the SVR-GWO model has the best performance in predicting flood-prone areas worldwide based on AUC, RMSE and MSE. The findings indicate that approximately 17.14 % of global land area is highly and very highly susceptible to flood occurrence. Flood hot-spot countries were the United States of America (7.75 %), Indonesia (6.33 %), India (6.31 %), Brazil (5.33 %) and Nigeria (4.08 %). Countries with the lowest probability of flood occurrence were the Russian Federation, Canada, Greenland, the United States of America and China. Incorporating additional satellite-based environmental data could further enhance the model's accuracy. Furthermore, the approach sets a foundation for future research in tailoring flood prediction models to regional scales, addressing the diverse challenges posed by different geographic and environmental settings.},
  issn = {2214-5818}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mathemarciofernando_2025,
  title = {Scenario-based spatial flood hazard analysis: A case study of the Limpopo river basin},
  author = {Mathe, Marcio Fernando and Hasan, Abdulghani and Persson, Andreas},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies},
  number = {61},
  pages = {61},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102736},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  abstract = {Study region: The Limpopo River Basin (LRB) is a transboundary catchment in Southern Africa, shared by South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique. The basin is increasingly affected by climate variability, land-use change, and rapid population growth, with the Chókwe floodplain in Mozambique representing a hotspot of socio-economic vulnerability to floods. Study focus: This study applies the HYPE hydrological model, driven by nine bias-corrected Regional Climate Models (RCMs), to project future high-flow extremes in the LRB under two emission scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5). To account for non-stationarity, flood frequency analysis was performed using the Gumbel distribution within two quasi-stationary time slices: mid-century (2030–2064) and late-century (2065–2099). Additional intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) analysis was used to evaluate changes in short-duration rainfall extremes. New hydrological insights for the region: By the late century, ensemble projections indicate that 50-year floods will increase by ∼84 % under RCP 4.5 and ∼106 % under RCP 8.5, while 100-year floods may rise by ∼116 % and ∼142 %, respectively, compared to the historical baseline (13,551 m³/s). IDF analyses indicate an intensification of short-duration rainfall, particularly under RCP 8.5. These results suggest that floods of historically rare magnitude may recur multiple times within a century, posing increasingly significant risks to infrastructure, agriculture, and settlements in the Lower Limpopo. The findings emphasise the need for adaptive flood management, updated design standards, and strengthened transboundary cooperation in the basin.},
  issn = {2214-5818}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_berghkan_2025,
  title = {Identifying sustainable rice farming strategies in the Mekong Delta through systems analysis},
  author = {Berg, Håkan and Tam, Nguyen Thanh and Lan, Thai Huynh Phuong and Long, Tran Xuan and Da, Chau Thi},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Environmental Challenges},
  number = {19},
  pages = {19},
  doi = {10.1016/j.envc.2025.101165},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {causal loop diagrams; ecosystem services; integrated rice-fish farming; sustainable development goals; sustainable intensification},
  abstract = {This study assesses the sustainability of intensive rice monocropping (IRM) and integrated rice-fish (IRF) farming in the Vietnam Mekong Delta, through systems analysis. Stakeholder (SH) consultations and a literature review were conducted to construct a Causal Loop Diagram (CLD), visualising the connections and effects of the two farming strategies across environmental, economic and social domains. 42 SHs, including farmers and scientists, assessed the impact of IRM and IRF on 42 interlinked CLD variables using a 5-point scale (-2 to 2). The SHs' scores were used to assess the farming strategies impact on 18 ecosystem services (ES) and the fulfilment of nine sustainable development goals (SDGs). The results show that IRM would have a negative impact on 14 ES, while IRF would have a positive impact on 17 ES. IRM was perceived to primarily have positive impacts on the rice yield and flood protection through an increased use of high dikes and agrochemicals, which however also was the main causes of the negative impacts on several other ES. IRF was perceived to have a positive effect on all SDGs, while IRM would only contribute to two and move away from seven SDGs. It is concluded that IRF provide a more sustainable alternative to IRM because it strengthens physical, ecological and social connections for an enhanced use of interlinked ES. This contributes to an increased productivity, farmers profit and wellbeing. IRF was also perceived to increase farming systems resilience, which is important for adapting to ongoing climate change and upstream dams.},
  issn = {2667-0100}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_jiangtao_2018,
  title = {Inorganic sulfur and mercury speciation in the water level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China: The role of inorganic reduced sulfur on mercury methylation},
  author = {Jiang, Tao},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Environmental Pollution},
  number = {237},
  pages = {1112--1123},
  doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.045},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  abstract = {The water level fluctuation zone (WLFZ) of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in China is a unique geomorphological unit that undergoes annual flooding and drying alternation cycle. The alternating redox conditions within the WLFZ are expected to result in dynamic cycling of reduced sulfur species, which could affect mercury (Hg) methylation due to the high affinity of reduced sulfur species to both inorganic divalent mercury (Hg(II)(i)) and methylmercury (MeHg). Variations of inorganic sulfur species (measured as acid volatile sulfide, chromium reductive sulfur, elemental sulfur, and water-soluble sulfate), total mercury (THg) and MeHg were studied at two typical WLFZ sites in the TGR from July 2015 to June 2016. Whereas the water-soluble sulfate contents stayed essentially constant, the reduced inorganic sulfur contents varied greatly as the water level changed. Compared with the control soils, the MeHg contents in the WLFZ soils increased, suggesting that water level fluctuations accelerated the methylation process of Hg(II)(i). In situ Hg(II)(i)-methylation also appeared to occur in the sub-layer of the drained sediment during the draw-down season. The significant correlation between MeHg and elemental sulfur (S(0)) further suggests that polysulfides may have played a role in Hg(11)i-methylation by increasing the bioavailable Hg(II)(i) content in the WLFZ of the TGR. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
  issn = {0269-7491}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_lotcherisromiamilia_2024,
  title = {Plastic does not simply flow into the sea: River transport dynamics affected by tides and floating plants},
  author = {Lotcheris, Romi Amilia and Schreyers, L. J. and Bui, T. K. L. and Thi, K. V. L. and Vermeulen, B. and van Emmerik, T. H. M.},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Environmental Pollution},
  number = {345},
  pages = {345},
  doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123524},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {macroplastic; water quality; plastic pollution; water hyacinths; saigon; estuary; pollution transport; marine debris; stopping and re -mobilization; hydrology; vietnam},
  abstract = {Plastic pollution is ubiquitous in aquatic environments worldwide. Rivers connect terrestrial and marine ecosystems, playing a key role in the transport of land-based plastic waste towards the sea. Emerging research suggests that in estuaries and tidal rivers, tidal dynamics play a significant role in plastic transport and retention dynamics. To date, observations in these systems have been limited, and plastic transport dynamics during single tidal cycles remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated plastic transport, trapping, and re-mobilization of macroplastics (> 0.5 cm) in the Saigon River, focusing on short-term dynamics of individual tidal cycles. We used GPS trackers, released at different stages of the tidal cycle (ebb, flood, neap, spring). Plastic items demonstrated dynamic and intermittent transport behavior. Items spent almost half of the time (49%) temporarily stopped, mainly due to their entrapment in vegetation, infrastructure, or deposition on riverbanks. Items were almost always re-mobilized within 10 h (85%), leading to successive phases of stopping and transport. Tidal dynamics also resulted in bidirectional transport of plastic items, with median daily total transport distance within the 40 km study reach (8.9 km day(-1)) over four times larger than the median daily net distance (2.0 km day(-1)). The median retention time of plastic items within the reach was 21 days (mean = 202 days). In total, 81% of the retrieved items were trapped within water hyacinths, emphasizing the important role of floating vegetation on river plastic transport dynamics. With this paper, we aim to provide data-driven insights into macroplastic transport and retention dynamics in a tropical tidal river. These are crucial in the design of effective intervention and monitoring strategies, and estimating net plastic emission from rivers into the sea.},
  issn = {0269-7491}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_wehnu_2015,
  title = {Participation in flood risk management and the potential of citizen observatories: A governance analysis},
  author = {Wehn, U. and Rusca, M. and Evers, J. and Lanfranchi, V.},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Environmental Science and Policy},
  number = {48},
  pages = {225--236},
  doi = {10.1016/j.envsci.2014.12.017},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  issn = {1462-9011}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_berglundkerstin_2017,
  title = {Future options for cultivated Nordic peat soils: Can land management and rewetting control greenhouse gas emissions?},
  author = {Berglund, Kerstin and Berglund, Örjan},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Environmental Science and Policy},
  number = {69},
  pages = {85--93},
  doi = {10.1016/j.envsci.2016.12.017},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  abstract = {Management of peat soils is regionally important as they cover large land areas and have important but conflicting ecosystems services. A recent management trend for drained peatlands is the control of greenhouse gases (GHG) by changes in agricultural practices, peatland restoration or paludiculture. Due to complex antagonistic controls of moisture, water table management can be difficult to use as a method for controlling GHG emissions. Past studies show that there is no obvious relationship between GHG emission rates and crop type, tillage intensity or fertilization rates. For drained peat soils, the best use options can vary from rewetting with reduced emission to efficient short term use to maximize the, profit per amount of greenhouse gas emitted. The GHG accounting should consider the entire life cycle of the peatland and the socio-economic benefits peatlands provide locally. Cultivating energy crops is a viable option especially for wet peat soils with poor drainage, but harvesting remains a challenge due to tractability of wet soils. Paludiculture in lowland floodplains can be a tool to mitigate regional flooding allowing water to be stored on these lands without much harm to crops. This can also increase regional biodiversity providing important habitats for birds and moisture tolerant plant species. However, on many peatlands rewetting is not possible due to their position in the landscape and the associated difficulty to maintain a high stable water table. While the goal of rewetting often is to encourage the return of peat forming plants and the ecosystem services they provide such as carbon sequestration, it is not well known if these plants will grow on peat soils that have been altered by the process of drainage and management. Therefore, it is important to consider peat quality and hydrology when choosing management options. Mapping of sites is recommended as a management tool to guide actions. The environmental status and socio-economic importance of the sites should be assessed both for continued cultivation but also for other ecosystem services such as restoration and hydrological functions (flood control). Farmers need advice, tools and training to find the best after-use option. Biofuels might provide a cost-efficient after use option for some sites. Peat extraction followed by rewetting might provide a sustainable option as rewetting is often easier if the peat is removed, starting the peat accumulation from scratch. Also this provides a way to finance the after-use. As impacts of land use are uncertain, new policies should consider multiple benefits and decisions should be based on scientific evidence and field scale observations. The need to further understand the key processes and long term effects of field scale land use manipulations is evident. The recommended actions for peatlands should be based on local condition and socio-economic needs to outline intermediate and long term plans. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.},
  issn = {1462-9011}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mehringp_2018,
  title = {What is going wrong with community engagement?: How flood communities and flood authorities construct engagement and partnership working},
  author = {Mehring, P. and Geoghegan, H. and Cloke, Hannah L. and Clark, J. M.},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Environmental Science and Policy},
  number = {89},
  pages = {109--115},
  doi = {10.1016/j.envsci.2018.07.009},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: ELSEVIER SCI LTD},
  keywords = {community engagement; partnership working; knowledge hierarchies; trust; flood communities; flood authorities},
  abstract = {In this paper, we discuss the need for flood risk management in England that engages stakeholders with flooding and its management processes, including knowledge gathering, planning and decision-making. By comparing and contrasting how flood communities experience 'community engagement' and 'partnership working', through the medium of an online questionnaire, with the process's and ways of working that the Environment Agency use when 'working with others', we demonstrate that flood risk management is caught up in technocratic ways of working derived from long-standing historical practices of defending agricultural land from water. Despite the desire to move towards more democratised ways of working which enable an integrated approach to managing flood risk, the technocratic framing still pervades contemporary flood risk management. We establish that this can disconnect society from flooding and negatively impacts the implementation of more participatory approaches designed to engage flood communities in partnership working. Through the research in this paper it becomes clear that adopting a stepwise, one-size-fits-all approach to engagement fails to recognise that communities are heterogenous and that good engagement requires gaining an understanding of the social dimensions of a community. Successful engagement takes time, effort and the establishment of trust and utilises social learning and pooling of knowledge to create a better understanding of flooding, and that this can lead to increasing societal connectivity to flooding and its impacts.},
  issn = {1462-9011}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_landstrmcatharina_2019,
  title = {Community modelling: A technique for enhancing local capacity to engage with flood risk management},
  author = {Landström, Catharina and Becker, Matilda and Odoni, Nicholas and Whatmore, Sarah J.},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Environmental Science and Policy},
  number = {92},
  pages = {255--261},
  doi = {10.1016/j.envsci.2018.11.009},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {local community; flood risk management; computer modelling; participation},
  abstract = {Widening acceptance of the value of public participation in local flood risk management (FRM) brings new challenges. A key issue is the capacity of local communities to participate in expert-led FRM. Community Modelling (CM) is a technique developed to enhance local ability to engage with water management. Drawing on participatory research in geography and science studies the technique has four core elements: resource minimalism, strategic participant recruitment, standardised software and actively making connections with decision makers. We introduce CM and illustrate it with a case study of local FRM in England. In the example case free computer software, known amongst technical experts, was used to coproduce representations of local flooding problem with a small group affected residents. Guided by a natural science modeller the group examined the causes of local flooding and considered possible mitigation measures. Social science expertise facilitated interaction with local flood risk managers, technical experts and decision making authorities.},
  issn = {1873-6416}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_rosenzweigbernice_2019,
  title = {Developing knowledge systems for urban resilience to cloudburst rain events},
  author = {Rosenzweig, Bernice and Ruddell, Benjamin L. and McPhillips, Lauren and Hobbins, Robert and McPhearson, Timon and Cheng, Zhongqi and Chang, Heejun and Kim, Yeowon},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Environmental Science and Policy},
  number = {99},
  pages = {150--159},
  doi = {10.1016/j.envsci.2019.05.020},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {resilience; cities; urban; cloudburst; flooding; knowledge systems},
  abstract = {Cities are particularly vulnerable to cloudbursts - short-duration, intense rainfall events which are often inadequately addressed through conventional stormwater and flood management policy. Climate change is projected to increase the frequency and intensity of cloudbursts in many cities. As minor cloudburst events become more frequent and extreme events more severe, cities will need to rapidly transform their stormwater drainage and interdependent systems, and the knowledge systems that guide their infrastructure decisions and policy. In this paper, we discuss the evolution of knowledge systems to address these challenges, using three diverse cities (Phoenix, USA; Copenhagen, Denmark; and New York City, USA) as case studies. We found that partnerships between cities - even across national boundaries - can be a particularly important component of cloudburst knowledge systems. We also identified limitations in knowledge systems related to non-stationary climate, the vulnerability of private property and the representation of cloudburst infrastructure in integrated water management, which present opportunities for future research to support decision-making.},
  issn = {1462-9011}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_heggerd_2020,
  title = {Shaping flood risk governance through science-policy interfaces: Insights from England, France and the Netherlands},
  author = {Hegger, D. and Alexander, M. and Raadgever, T. and Priest, S. and Bruzzone, Silvia},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Environmental Science and Policy},
  number = {106},
  pages = {157--165},
  doi = {10.1016/j.envsci.2020.02.002},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier Ltd},
  keywords = {england; flood risk governance; france; knowledge infrastructures; science-policy interfaces; the netherlands; article; bullock; catalyst; drawing; empiricism; human; human experiment; interview; male; netherlands; nonhuman; risk management},
  abstract = {In the face of increasing threats from flooding, there are growing calls to strengthen and improve arrangements of flood risk governance (FRG). This endeavour requires an appreciation of the multitude of factors stabilising and driving governance dynamics. So-called catalyst flood events, policy champions and advocacy coalitions have tended to dominate this study to date, whilst the potential role played by Science Policy Interfaces (SPIs) has been somewhat neglected and often approached in a reductionist and fragmented way. This paper addresses this gap by drawing from in-depth policy analysis and stakeholder interviews conducted within England, France and the Netherlands under the auspices of the EU-FP7 STAR-FLOOD project. The analysis reveals four prominent ways in which SPIs shape FRG, by i) facilitating the diversification of Flood Risk Management (FRM) strategies; ii) increasing their connectivity, iii) facilitating a decentralisation of FRM and iv) fostering inter-country learning. It identifies different roles of specific interfaces (structures) and interfacing mechanisms (processes) in shaping governance dynamics. This way, the analysis reveals various ‘entry points’ through which SPIs can steer FRG, either along existing pathways, or towards new and potentially transformative change. The study shows that SPIs are a hitherto underexposed factor explaining dynamics in flood risk governance which merits additional systematic empirical study.},
  issn = {1462-9011}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mcglynnbridget_2024,
  title = {Investigating the risky dilemma of regional flood planning: The case of the Wolastoq | Saint John River Basin, Canada},
  author = {McGlynn, Bridget and Plummer, Ryan and Baird, Julia and Guerrero Gonzalez, Angela},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Environmental Science and Policy},
  number = {158},
  pages = {158},
  doi = {10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103795},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {adaptive governance; exponential random graph models; flood governance; flood planning; network analysis},
  abstract = {Adaptive approaches to flood governance are gaining attention as climate change is expected to alter historic flooding patterns around the world. Collaboration networks are essential to adaptive governance as they create a cohesive system of diverse actors functioning across different jurisdictions and spatial levels. This research investigates the network structure of the regional collaborative governance for flood planning in the Wolastoq | Saint John River Basin, Canada. A social network approach was employed to assess the extent and characteristics of adaptive flood governance in the region, specifically investigating network properties related to collective action dilemmas, organizational type, and geographic scale. The network displayed a diverse composition of organization types, a propensity for bonding structures, homophily among governmental organizations, and prominent brokerage activity of multi-basin actors. The presence of bonding structures in the network reflected the high-risk dilemma presented by flood planning, characterised by the presence of both government and non-governmental actors with diverse authority, resources, and organizational capacity. Transitioning to adaptive governance would benefit from increased connectivity among regions and enhanced brokerage activity amongst governmental organizations.},
  issn = {1462-9011}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kauffeldtanna_2016,
  title = {Technical review of large-scale hydrological models for implementation in operational flood forecasting schemes on continental level},
  author = {Kauffeldt, Anna and Wetterhall, F. and Pappenberger, F. and Salamon, P. and Thielen, J.},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Environmental Modelling & Software},
  number = {75},
  pages = {68--76},
  doi = {10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.09.009},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {large-scale; hydrological modelling; operational flood forecasting; ensemble prediction},
  abstract = {Uncertainty in operational hydrological forecast systems forced with numerical weather predictions is often assessed by quantifying the uncertainty from the inputs only. However, part of the uncertainty in modelled discharge stems from the hydrological model. A multi-model system can account for some of this uncertainty, but there exists a plethora of hydrological models and it is not trivial to select those that fit specific needs and collectively capture a representative spread of model uncertainty. This paper provides a technical review of 24 large-scale models to provide guidance for model selection. Suitability for the European Flood Awareness System (EFAS), as example of an operational continental flood forecasting system, is discussed based on process descriptions, flexibility in resolution, input data requirements, availability of code and more. The model choice is in the end subjective, but this review intends to objectively assist in selecting the most appropriate model for the intended purpose.},
  issn = {1364-8152}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_schmitzbirger_2004,
  title = {Basaltic explosive volcanism, but no comet impact, at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary: high-resolution chemical and isotopic records from Egypt, Spain and Denmark},
  author = {Schmitz, Birger and Peucker-Ehrenbrink, B and Heilmann-Clausen, C and Aberg, G and Asaro, F and Lee, CTA},
  year = {2004},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  volume = {1},
  number = {225},
  pages = {1--17},
  doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2004.06.017},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  abstract = {In the search for a triggering mechanism for the Paleocene-Eocene (P-E) boundary event, 55 Ma, centimeter-resolution chemical (e.g., Ir, Os, Pt) and isotope (e.g., (OS)-O-187/Os-188, He-3/He-4, Sr-87/Sr-86) records across this boundary have been established for six uplifted marine sections in Egypt, Spain and Denmark. The sections studied represent some of the stratigraphically most complete records across the onset of the carbon isotopic excursion (CIE) and associated benthic foraminifera extinctions that mark the Paleocene-Eocene boundary. High-sensitivity analyses failed to uncover evidence of extraterrestrial element or isotope enrichments in the six sections, refuting the hypothesis of a major comet impact at the boundary. Preliminary searches for other impact-indicative features, such as spherules or shocked quartz, also gave negative results. In the Danish section studied, three basaltic Ir-rich ash layers occur at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary, but no similar ashes were found in Egypt or Spain. The three ashes represent the earliest known manifestation of an unusual I to 2 million year long phase of explosive basaltic volcanism in the Faero-Greenland region. This volcanism is synchronous with major flood basalt effusions in East Greenland and is associated with prominent paleogeographic changes in the high-latitude North Atlantic region. Discharge of mantle-derived Os to seawater during this volcanism may explain a small decrease in (OS)-O-187/(OS)-O-188 ratio at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary in the Zumaya section in Spain. The environmental perturbations at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary appear to have been triggered by basaltic volcanism, but any model for the detailed causal relation remains speculative. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
  issn = {1385-013X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_riisagerpeter_2005,
  title = {Paleomagnetism and Ar-40/Ar-39 geochronology of Yemeni Oligocene volcanics: Implications for timing and duration of Afro-Arabian traps and geometry of the Oligocene paleomagnetic field},
  author = {Riisager, Peter and Knight, KB and Baker, JA and Peate, IU and Al-Kadasi, M and Al-Subbary, A and Renne, PR},
  year = {2005},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  volume = {3},
  number = {237},
  pages = {647--672},
  doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2005.06.016},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  abstract = {A combined paleomagnetic and Ar-40/Ar-39 study was carried out along eight stratigraphically overlapping sections in the Oligocene Afro-Arabian flood volcanic province in Yemen (73 sites). The composite section covers the entire volcanic stratigraphy in the sampling region and represents five polarity zones that are correlated to the geomagnetic polarity time scale based on Ar-40/Ar-39 ages from this and previous studies. The resulting magnetostratigraphy is similar to that of the conjugate margin in Ethiopia. The earliest basaltic volcanism took place in a reverse polarity chron that appears to correspond to C11r, while the massive rhyolitic ignimbrite eruptions correlated to ash layers in Oligocene Indian Ocean sediment 2700 km away from the Afro-Arabian traps, appear to have taken place during magnetochron C11n. The youngest ignimbrite was emplaced during magnetochron C9n. Both 40Ar/39Ar and paleornagnetic data suggest rapid < 1 Ma eruption of the basal basalt units and punctuated eruption of the upper silicic units over a duration potentially as long as 3 Ma with interspersed eruptive hiatuses. Eruption of the basal basalts may have preceded the Oi2 cooling event. The paleornagnetic pole lambda=74.2 degrees N, phi=249.1 degrees E (A95=3.6 degrees; N=48) is supported by a positive reversal test. Paleosecular variation, estimated as the angular standard deviation of the VGP distribution 14.2 degrees+2.3 degrees/-1.7 degrees, is close to expected, suggesting that the paleornagnetic pole represents a time-averaged field. The pole is in excellent accord with the paleornagnetic poles obtained from the Ethiopian part of the Afro-Arabian province, after closure of the Red Sea. By analyzing Afro-Arabian paleomagnetic data in conjunction with contemporaneous paleomagnetic poles available from different latitudes we argue that the Oligocene paleomagnetic field was dominated by the axial dipole with insignificant non-dipole field contributions.},
  issn = {1385-013X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_jansenjohnd_2013,
  title = {Lowland river responses to intraplate tectonism and climate forcing quantified with luminescence and cosmogenic Be-10},
  author = {Jansen, John D. and Nanson, G. C. and Cohen, T. J. and Fujioka, T. and Fabel, D. and Larsen, J. R. and Codilean, A. T. and Price, D. M. and Bowman, H. H. and May, J. -H and Gliganic, L. A.},
  year = {2013},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  number = {366},
  pages = {49--58},
  doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2013.02.007},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {intraplate tectonism; bedrock river incision; anabranching; cosmogenic nuclides; luminescence; deposition rate},
  abstract = {Intraplate tectonism has produced large-scale folding that steers regional drainage systems, such as the 1600 km-long Cooper Ck, en route to Australia's continental depocentre at Lake Eyre. We apply cosmogenic Be-10 exposure dating in bedrock, and luminescence dating in sediment, to quantify the erosional and depositional response of Cooper Ck where it incises the rising Innamincka Dome. The detachment of bedrock joint-blocks during extreme floods governs the minimum rate of incision (17.4 +/- 6.5 mm/ky) estimated using a numerical model of episodic erosion calibrated with our 10Be measurements. The last big-flood phase occurred no earlier than similar to 112-121 ka. Upstream of the Innamincka Dome long-term rates of alluvial deposition, partly reflecting synclinal-basin subsidence, are estimated from 47 luminescence dates in sediments accumulated since similar to 270 ka. Sequestration of sediment in subsiding basins such as these may account for the lack of Quaternary accumulation in Lake Eyre, and moreover suggests that notions of a single primary depocentre at base-level may poorly represent lowland, arid-zone rivers. Over the period similar to 75-55 ka Cooper Ck changed from a bedload-dominant, laterally-active meandering river to a muddy anabranching channel network up to 60 km wide. We propose that this shift in river pattern was a product of base-level rise linked with the slowly deforming syncline-anticline structure, coupled with a climate-forced reduction in discharge. The uniform valley slope along this subsiding alluvial and rising bedrock system represents an adjustment between the relative rates of deformation and the ability of greatly enhanced flows at times during the Quaternary to incise the rising anticline. Hence, tectonic and climate controls are balanced in the long term.},
  issn = {0012-821X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_vignellesd_2016,
  title = {Balloon-borne measurement of the aerosol size distribution from an Icelandic flood basalt eruption},
  author = {Vignelles, D. and Roberts, T. J. and Carboni, E. and Ilyinskaya, E. and Pfeffer, M. and Waldhauserova, P. D. and Schmidt, A. and Berthet, G. and Jegou, F. and Renard, J. B. and Olafsson, H. and Bergsson, B. and Yeo, R. and Reynisson, N. F. and Grainger, R. G. and Galle, Bo and Conde Jacobo, Alexander Vladimir and Arellano, Santiago and Lurton, T. and Coute, B. and Duverger, V.},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  number = {453},
  pages = {252--259},
  doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2016.08.027},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {aerosol counter; volcano plume; in-situ measurement; balloon; iceland},
  abstract = {We present in situ balloon-borne measurements of aerosols in a volcanic plume made during the Holuhraun eruption (Iceland) in January 2015. The balloon flight intercepted a young plume at 8 km distance downwind from the crater, where the plume is 15 min of age. The balloon carried a novel miniature optical particle counter LOAC (Light Optical Aerosol Counter) which measures particle number concentration and size distribution in the plume, alongside a meteorological payload. We discuss the possibility of calculating particle flux by combining LOAC data with measurements of sulfur dioxide flux by ground-based UV spectrometer (DOAS). The balloon passed through the plume at altitude range of 2.0-3.1 km above sea level (a.s.l.). The plume top height was determined as 2.7-3.1 km a.s.l., which is in good agreement with data from Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) satellite. Two distinct plume layers were detected, a non condensed lower layer (300 m thickness) and a condensed upper layer (800 m thickness). The lower layer was characterized by a lognormal size distribution of fine particles (0.2 mu m diameter) and a secondary, coarser mode (2.3 mu m diameter), with a total particle number concentration of around 100 cm(-3) in the 0.2-100 mu m detection range. The upper layer was dominated by particle centered on 20 mu m in diameter as well as containing a finer mode (2 mu m diameter). The total particle number concentration in the upper plume layer was an order of magnitude higher than in the lower layer. We demonstrate that intercepting a volcanic plume with a meteorological balloon carrying LOAC is an efficient method to characterize volcanic aerosol properties. During future volcanic eruptions, balloon borne measurements could be carried out easily and rapidly over a large spatial area in order to better characterize the evolution of the particle size distribution and particle number concentrations in a volcanic plume.},
  issn = {1385-013X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_schmitzbirger_2019,
  title = {The micrometeorite flux to Earth during the Frasnian–Famennian transition reconstructed in the Coumiac GSSP section, France},
  author = {Schmitz, Birger and Feist, Raimund and Meier, Matthias M.M. and Martin, Ellinor and Heck, Philipp R. and Lenaz, Davide and Topa, Dan and Busemann, Henner and Maden, Colin and Plant, Amy A. and Terfelt, Fredrik},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
  number = {522},
  pages = {234--243},
  doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2019.06.025},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  abstract = {We have reconstructed the distribution of extraterrestrial chrome spinels in a marine limestone section across the Frasnian–Famennian stratotype section at Coumiac in southern France, providing the first insights on the types of micrometeorites and meteorites that fell on Earth at this time. The data can test whether the small cluster of roughly coeval, large impact structures is related to an asteroid breakup and shower with possible bearings also on the late Devonian biodiversity crisis. A total of ∼180 extraterrestrial spinel grains (>32 μm) were recovered from 957 kg of rock. Noble-gas measurements of individual grains show high solar-wind content, implying an origin from decomposed micrometeorites. Element analyses indicate a marked dominance of ordinary chondritic over achondritic grains, similar to the recent flux. The relation between H, L and LL meteorites is ∼29–58–13%, similar to the late Silurian flux, ∼31–63–6%, but different from the distribution, ∼45–45–10%, in the recent and the Cretaceous flux. Our data show no indication of a generally enhanced late Devonian micrometeorite flux that would accompany an asteroid shower. However, in a single limestone bed that formed immediately before the Upper Kellwasser horizon, that represents the main end-Frasnian species-turnover event, we found an enrichment of ∼10 ordinary chondritic grains (>63 μm) per 100 kg of rock, compared to the ∼1–3 grains per 100 kg that characterise background. The anomalously abundant grains are of mixed H, L and LL types and may be related to an enhanced flux of extraterrestrial dust during postulated minima in both the 405 ka and 2.4 Ma Earth-orbit eccentricity cycles at the onset of the Upper Kellwasser event. In the present solar system the dust accretion at Earth is the highest at eccentricity minima because of the spatial distribution of dust bands of the zodiacal cloud. Besides this small grain anomaly the data here and in previous studies support a stable meteorite flux through the late Silurian and Devonian, in contrast to the mid-Ordovician, when achondritic meteorites that are rare on Earth today were common, followed by the influx of a flood of debris related to the breakup of the L-chondrite parent body. Our accumulated data for six time windows through the Phanerozoic indicate that the ordinary chondrites make up a major fraction in the meteorite flux since at least the mid-Ordovician. We note that the sources in the asteroid belt of the H and L meteorites, the two most common types of meteorites today and through much of the Phanerozoic, remain elusive.},
  issn = {0012-821X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_wistrmbjrn_2023,
  title = {Experimental evaluation of waterlogging and drought tolerance of essential Prunus species in central Europe},
  author = {Wiström, Björn and Emilsson, Tobias and Sjöman, Henrik and Levinsson, Anna},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Forest Ecology and Management},
  number = {537},
  pages = {537},
  doi = {10.1016/j.foreco.2023.120904},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {minority species; climate change; ecosystem services; water potential; stomatal conductance; species selection; turgor loss point; climate-change; environmental characteristics; morphological responses; water relations; tree mortality; forest edges; woody-plants; seedlings; floodplain; forestry},
  abstract = {Fruit-bearing and flowering minority tree species, such as many species from the Prunus genus, are essential for multiple ecosystem services in the landscape. Although common, but never dominating, these minority species are often overlooked compared to commercial timber trees in relation to climate change. Induced stress on trees through climate change in central Europe will not only be caused by drought but also by extreme precipitation and pluvial flooding. This study experimentally address this by testing both waterlogging and drought tolerance in three key species of Prunus for central Europe that naturally span a wide variation of habitat conditions. The selected species Prunus mahaleb, Prunus avium and Prunus padus were subjected to both drought and waterlogging in a greenhouse experiment. Plant functionality in the form of midday leaf water potential, stomatal conductance and turgor loss point together with different aspects of biomass allocation and growth was tested. All included species lost their stomatal conductance and leaf water potential within a few days in the waterlogging treatment. Only P. padus had the capacity to recover with new leaves after the waterlogging ended, suggesting that avoidance strategies though leaf shedding can be a complementary mechanism to withstand waterlogging. P. padus kept its stomatal conductance and water potential for the longest time in the drought treatment followed by P. mahaleb and P.avium. This longevity in the drought treatment for P. padus could be explained by both tolerance strategies through lower turgor loss point, but also avoidance strategies with fast changes in growth and higher allocation of biomass to the roots. There is a clear risk that ecosystem service from Prunus species in the landscape can be negatively affected not only by drought but also by increased events of waterlogging. This highlights the need for including minority species and also other climate stressors in addition to drought in the planning and management of multifunctional landscapes.},
  issn = {0378-1127}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_rodriguezdavidrodriguez_2015,
  title = {Urban self-sufficiency through optimised ecosystem service demand. A utopian perspective from European cities},
  author = {Rodriguez, David Rodriguez and Kain, Jaan-Henrik and Haase, Dagmar and Baró, Francesc and Kaczorowska, Anna},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Futures},
  number = {70},
  pages = {13--23},
  doi = {10.1016/j.futures.2015.03.007},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {ecosystem service; demand; europe; utopian scenario; self-sufficiency; city},
  abstract = {Most cities are not self-sufficient in terms of supply and demand of urban ecosystem services (UES) which creates important social, economic and environmental problems at different scales. Cities have enormous potential to reduce pressures on the environment while enhancing wellbeing for their inhabitants by acting both on the UES supply and demand sides. In this study we focus on the demand side by exploring the feasibility of self-sufficient cities under an environmentally radical, utopian scenario that implies the optimisation of UES demand by individuals, i.e. the minimum possible consumption of provisioning UES, a reduced need for regulating LIES and the adequate fulfilment of cultural UES demand for a reasonable human wellbeing. Definitions of optimal demand are provided for a set of essential UES by 2050: food supply, freshwater supply, urban cooling, air purification, carbon sequestration, flood prevention, physical recreation and mental recreation. Operational LIES demand indicators are identified for these UES. Based on these, we show the current average ecosystem service demand values in European cities, the current most exigent demand values and propose optimised future demand values. These utopian values intend to serve as benchmarks towards optimised LIES demand that will make cities more self-sufficient. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
  issn = {0016-3287}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dahlqvistralf_2004,
  title = {Association of calcium with colloidal particles and speciation of calcium in the Kalix and Amazon rivers},
  author = {Dahlqvist, Ralf and Benedetti, Marc F. and Andersson, Karen and Turner, David R. and Larsson, Tobias and Stolpe, Björn and Ingri, Johan},
  year = {2004},
  journal = {Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta},
  volume = {20},
  number = {68},
  pages = {4059--4075},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2004.04.007},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {field-flow fractionation; dissolved organic-matter; nica-donnan model; metal-ion binding; humic substances; size distributions; natural-waters; proton binding; cation-binding; trace-elements; applied geology},
  abstract = {A considerable amount of colloidally bound Ca has been detected in water samples from Amazonian rivers and the Kalix River, a sub-arctic boreal river. Fractionation experiments using several analytical techniques and processing tools were conducted in order to elucidate the matter. Results show that on average 84% of the total Ca concentration is present as free Ca. Particulate, colloidal and complexed Ca constitute the remaining 16%, of which the colloidal fraction is significant. Ultrafiltration experiments show that the colloidal fraction in the sampled Amazonian rivers and the Kalix River range between 1% and 25%. In both the Amazonian and the Kalix rivers the technique of cross-flow ultrafiltration was used to isolate particles and colloids. The difference in concentration measured with ICP-AES and a Ca ion-selective electrode in identical samples was used to define the free Ca concentration and thus indirectly the magnitude of the particulate, colloidal and complexed fractions. Results from the Kalix and Amazonian rivers are in excellent agreement. Furthermore, the results show that the colloidal concentrations of Ca can be greatly overestimated (up to 227%) when conventional analysis and calculation of ultrafiltration data is used due to retention of free Ca ions during the ultrafiltration process. Calculation methods for colloidal matter are presented in this work, using complementary data from ISE analysis. In the Kalix River temporal changes in the fractionation of Ca were studied before, during and after a spring-flood event. Changes in the size distribution of colloidally associated Ca was studied using FlFFF (Flow Field-Flow Fractionation) coupled on-line to a HR ICP-MS. The FlFFF-HR ICP-MS fractograms clearly show the colloidal component of Ca, supporting the ultrafiltration findings. During winter conditions the size distribution of colloidally associated Ca has a concentration maximum at similar to5 to 10 nm in diameter, shifting to smaller sizes (<5 mm) during and after the spring flood. This shift in size distribution follows a change in the river during this period from ironoxyhydroxy colloids being the most important colloidal carrier phase to humic substances during and after the spring flood. WHAM and NICA-Donnan models were used to calculate the amount of colloidally bound Ca. The results similar for both models, show that on average 16% of the Ca may be associated to a colloidal phase, which is in broad agreement with the measurements. Copyright (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd.},
  issn = {0016-7037}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_anderssonkaren_2006,
  title = {Colloidal rare earth elements in a boreal river: Changing sources and distributions during the spring flood},
  author = {Andersson, Karen and Dahlqvist, Ralf and Turner, David R. and Stolpe, Björn and Larsson, Tobias and Ingri, Johan and Andersson, Per},
  year = {2006},
  journal = {Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta},
  volume = {13},
  number = {70},
  pages = {3261--3274},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2006.04.021},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {northern sweden; kalix river; trace-elements; natural-waters; diffusive; gradients; thin-films; temporal variations; size distributions; weathering rates; organic-carbon; applied geology},
  abstract = {Variations in the physico-chemical speciation of the rare earth elements (REE) have been investigated in a subarctic boreal river during an intense spring flood event using prefiltered (< 100 mu m) samples, cross-flow (ultra)filtration (CFF), flow field-flow fractionation (FIFFF), and diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT). This combination of techniques has provided new information regarding the release and transport of the REE in river water. The colloidal material can be described in terms of two fractions dominated by carbon and iron, respectively. These two fractions, termed colloidal carrier phases, showed significant temporal changes in concentration and size distribution. Before the spring flood, colloidal carbon concentrations were low, the colloids being dominated by relatively large iron colloids. Colloidal concentrations increased sharply during the spring flood, with smaller carbon colloids dominating. Following the spring flood, colloidal concentrations decreased again, smaller carbon colloids still dominating. The REE are transported mainly in the particulate and colloidal phases. Before the spring flood, the REE composition of all measured fractions was similar to local till. During the spring flood, the REE concentrations in the colloidal and particulate fractions increased. The increase was most marked for the lighter REE, which therefore showed a strong enrichment when normalized to local till. Following the spring flood, the REE concentrations decreased again and reverted to a distribution similar to local till. These changes in the concentration and distributions of carbon iron and REE are interpreted in terms of changing hydrological flow paths in soil and bedrock which occur during the spring flood. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
  issn = {0016-7037}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dahlqvistralf_2007,
  title = {Temporal variations of colloidal carrier phases and associated trace elements in a boreal river},
  author = {Dahlqvist, Ralf and Andersson, Karen and Ingri, Johan and Larsson, Tobias and Stolpe, Björn and Turner, David R.},
  year = {2007},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  volume = {22},
  number = {71},
  pages = {5339--5354},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2007.09.016},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {field-flow fractionation; rare-earth-elements; northern sweden; kalix river; diffusive gradients; natural-waters; thin-films; isotopic composition; size distributions; weathering rates; earth sciences; applied geology},
  abstract = {Elemental size distributions, from truly dissolved through colloidal to particulate, have been studied in a subarctic boreal river. The measurements, carried out during 2002, ranged from winter to summer conditions, including an intense spring flood event. Results are reported for a total of 42 elements. Size distributions were characterised using a combination of cross-flow (ultra)filtration (CFF), flow field-flow fractionation (FIFFF), and diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT). The three techniques showed similar trends, but quantitative comparisons reveal some important differences that warrant further investigation. Previous work has identified two colloidal carrier phases in fresh waters, dominated by iron and carbon, respectively. The majority of the elements studied are associated with one or both of these colloidal carrier phases. The exceptions are the alkali metals and several anions that are only very weakly associated with colloidal material, and which therefore occur mainly as truly dissolved material (< 1 kDa in molecular weight). We discuss the likely origin for the two colloidal carrier phases and consider how associated trace elements fit into the geochemical framework. The relative affinities of the elements for iron and carbon colloidal carrier phases are related to their chemistries, and are compared with earlier data from the Delsjo Creek in southern Sweden. Elemental colloidal concentrations show strong seasonal variations related to changes in the colloidal carrier phase(s) with which they associate. In particular, many elements show a strong spring maximum in colloidal concentrations associated with the strong maximum in colloidal carbon concentration during the spring flood.},
  issn = {0016-7037}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bjrkvaldlouise_2008_1,
  title = {Hydrogeochemistry of Fe and Mn in small boreal streams: The role of seasonality, landscape type and scale},
  author = {Björkvald, Louise and Buffam, Ishi and Laudon, Hjalmar and Mörth, Carl-Magnus},
  year = {2008},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  volume = {12},
  number = {72},
  pages = {2789--2804},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2008.03.024},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  abstract = {Stream water from a stream network of 15 small boreal catchments (0.03–67 km2) in northern Sweden was analyzed for unfiltered (total) and filtered (<0.4 μm) concentrations of iron (Fetot and Fe<0.4) and manganese (Mntot and Mn<0.4). The purpose was to investigate the temporal and spatial dynamics of Fe, Mn and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) as influenced by snow melt driven spring floods and landscape properties, in particular the proportion of wetland area. During spring flood, concentrations of Fetot, Fe<0.4, Mntot, Mn<0.4 and DOC increased in streams with forested catchments (<2% wetland area). In catchments with high coverage of wetlands (>30% wetland area) the opposite behavior was observed. The hydrogeochemistry of Fe was highly dependent on wetlands as shown by the strong positive correlation of the Fetot/Altot ratio with wetland coverage (r2 = 0.89, p < 0.001). Furthermore, PCA analysis showed that at base flow Fetot and Fe<0.4 were positively associated with wetlands and DOC, whereas they were not associated during peak flow at spring flood. The temporal variation of Fe was likely related to varying hydrological pathways. At peak discharge Fetot was associated with variables like silt coverage, which highlights the importance of particulates during high discharge events. For Mn there was no significant correlation with wetlands, instead, PCA analysis showed that during spring flood Mn was apparently more dependent on the supply of minerogenic particulates from silt deposits on the stream banks of some of the streams. The influence of minerogenic particulates on the concentration of, in particular, Mn was greatest in the larger, lower gradient streams, characterized by silt deposits in the near-stream zone. In the small forested streams underlain by till, DOC was of greater importance for the observed concentrations, as indicated by the positive correlation of both Fetot and Fe<0.4 with DOC (r2 = 0.77 and r2 = 0.76, p < 0.001) at the smallest headwater forest site. In conclusion, wetland area and DOC were important for Fe concentrations in this boreal stream network, whereas silt deposits strongly influenced Mn concentrations. This study highlights the importance of studying stream water chemistry from a landscape perspective in order to address future environmental issues concerning mobility of Fe, Mn and associated trace metals.},
  issn = {0016-7037}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bjrkvaldlouise_2009,
  title = {Landscape variations in stream water SO42- and delta S-34(SO4) in a boreal stream network},
  author = {Björkvald, Louise and Giesler, Reiner and Laudon, Hjalmar and Humborg, Christoph and Mörth, Carl-Magnus},
  year = {2009},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  volume = {16},
  number = {73},
  pages = {4648--4660},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2009.05.052},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {earth sciences},
  abstract = {Despite reduced anthropogenic deposition during the last decades, deposition sulphate may still play an important role in the biogeochemical cycles of S and many catchments may act as net sources of S that may remain for several decades. The aim of this study is to elucidate the temporal and spatial dynamics of both SO42- and delta S-34(SO4) in stream water from catchments with varying percentage of wetland and forest coverage and to determine their relative importance for catchment losses of S. Stream water samples were collected from 15 subcatchments ranging in size from 3 to 6780 ha, in a boreal stream network, northern Sweden. In forested catchments (2% wetland cover) S-SO42- concentrations in stream water averaged 1.7 mg L-1 whereas in wetland dominated catchments (30% wetland cover) the concentrations averaged 0.3 mg L-1. A significant negative relationship was observed between S-SO42- and percentage wetland coverage (r(2) = 0.77, p  0.001) and the annual export of stream water SO42- and wetland coverage (r(2) = 0.76 p  0.001). The percentage forest coverage was on the other hand positively related to stream water SO42- concentrations and the annual export of stream water SO42- (r(2) = 0.77 and r(2) = 0.79, respectively). The annual average delta S-34(SO4) value in wetland dominated streams was +7.6%omicron. and in streams of forested catchments +6.7%omicron. At spring flood the delta S-34(SO4) values decreased in all streams by 1%omicron to 5%omicron. The delta S-34(SO4) values in all streams were higher than the delta S-34(SO4) value of +4.7%omicron in precipitation (snow). The export of S ranged from 0.5 kg S ha(-1) yr(-1) (wetland headwater stream) to 3.8 kg S ha(-1) yr(-1) (forested headwater stream). With an average S deposition in open field of 1.3 kg S ha(-1) yr(-1) (2002-2006) the mass balance results in a net export of S from all catchments, except in catchments with 30% wetland. The high temporal and spatial resolution of this study demonstrates that the reducing environments of wetlands play a key role for the biogeochemistry of S in boreal landscapes and are net sinks of S. Forested areas, on the other hand were net sources of S.},
  issn = {0016-7037}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_fringspatrick_2014,
  title = {Tracing silicon cycling in the Okavango Delta, a sub-tropical flood-pulse wetland using silicon isotopes},
  author = {Frings, Patrick and De La Rocha, Christina and Struyf, Eric and van Pelt, Dimitri and Schoelynck, Jonas and Hudson, Mike Murray and Gondwe, Mangaliso J. and Wolski, Piotr and Mosimane, Keotsheple and Gray, William and Schaller, Jörg and Conley, Daniel},
  year = {2014},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  number = {142},
  pages = {132--148},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2014.07.007},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  abstract = {Chemical weathering of silicate minerals releases elements into solution whereas the neoformation of secondary minerals works in the opposite direction, potentially confounding estimates of silicate weathering rates. Silicon isotopes (d30Si) may be a useful tool to investigate these processes. Here, we present 82 d30Si measurements from surface waters, pore waters, biogenic silica (BSi), clays, sand and vegetation from the Okavango Delta, Botswana, a freshwater sub-tropical, flood-pulse wetland. Hydrologically, the Okavango is dominated by evapotranspiration water losses to the atmosphere. It receives an annual pulse of water that inundates seasonal floodplains, while river baseflow is sufficient to maintain a permanent floodplain. d30Si in dissolved silica (DSi) in surface waters along a 300 km transect at near-peak flood show a limited range (0.36–1.19&), imply- ing the Delta is well buffered by a balance of processes adding and removing DSi from the surface water. A key control on DSi concentrations is the uptake, production of BSi and recycling of Si by aquatic vegetation, although the net isotopic effect is necessarily small since all BSi re-dissolves on short timescales. In the sediments, BSi d30Si (n = 30) ranges from},
  issn = {0016-7037}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_wllstedtteresia_2017,
  title = {Landscape control on the hydrogeochemistry of As, Co and Pb in a boreal stream network},
  author = {Wällstedt, Teresia and Björkvald, Louise and Laudon, Hjalmar and Borg, Hans and Mörth, Carl-Magnus},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  number = {211},
  pages = {194--213},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2016.08.030},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {metal geochemistry; geochemical modelling; visual minteq; speciation; doc; iron},
  abstract = {In a boreal stream network, stream water concentrations of As, Co and Pb (filtered, <0.4 lm) of 10 nested streams were studied during two consecutive years in order to evaluate the influence of land cover on the temporal and spatial variability of metal concentrations and speciation. Mean concentrations of Co and Pb showed significant but contrasting relationship to landscape type, while As concentrations were not related to landscape type. Highest concentrations of Pb were found in the wetland dominated streams (>30% wetland), which was suggested to be controlled by atmospheric deposition in combination with high DOC release from the wetlands. For Co, the highest concentrations were found in the forest dominated sites (>98% forest), which were attributed to the weathering of minerogenic sources. Contrasting response to runoff events could also be related to landscape type; during the spring flood, decreasing concentrations of As, Co and Pb were observed in the wetland dominated catchments due to dilution, while increasing concentrations during spring flood were observed in the mixed catchments (2-30% wetland) and to some degree in the forested catchments, probably due to flushing of the organic-rich riparian sources. Further, metal speciation was calculated using the geochemical equilibrium model Visual MIN-TEQ. This suggests that dissolved inorganic species of As and Co dominated in headwater streams with low pH while DOC had a major influencing role for Pb. In the larger mixed streams where pH was higher and precipitation of e.g. colloidal Fe and Mn (hydr) oxides was favoured, the major influencing factor was instead adsorption to colloidal Fe for As and Pb, while association to organic matter and colloids of e.g. Mn influenced the concentrations of Co. We thus conclude that landscape type and the magnitude of the runoff events are of great importance for the spatial and temporal variations of As, Co and Pb in this boreal stream network. Projected climate change, with increasing runoff, may therefore influence riverine concentrations and fluxes differently, depending on the prevailing landscape type.},
  issn = {0016-7037}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hirstcatherine_2017,
  title = {Characterisation of Fe-bearing particles and colloids in the Lena River basin, NE Russia},
  author = {Hirst, Catherine and Andersson, Per S. and Pokrovsky, Oleg S. and Burke, Ian T. and Kutscher, Liselott and Murphy, Melissa J. and Maximov, Trofim and Pokrovsky, Oleg and Mörth, Carl-Magnus and Porcelli, Don},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  number = {213},
  pages = {553--573},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2017.07.012},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Cambridge : Elsevier},
  keywords = {lena river; iron particles; colloids; tem imaging; stmx imaging; the changing earth; den föränderliga jorden; marine geology},
  abstract = {Rivers are significant contributors of Fe to theocean. However, the characteristics of chemically reactive Fe remain poorly constrained, especially in large Arctic rivers, which drain landscapes highly susceptible to climate change and carbon cycle alteration. The aim of this study was a detailed characterisation (size, mineralogy, and speciation) of riverine Fe-bearing particles (> 0.22 µm) and colloids (1 kDa – 0.22 µm) and their association with organic carbon (OC), in the Lena River and tributaries, which drain a catchment almost entirely underlain by permafrost. Samples fromthe main channel and tributaries representing watersheds that span a wide rangein topography and lithology were taken after the spring flood in June 2013 and summer baseflow in July 2012. Fe-bearing particles were identified, usingTransmission Electron Microscopy, as large (200 nm – 1 µm) aggregates of smaller (20 nm - 30 nm) spherical colloids of chemically-reactive ferrihydrite.In contrast, there were also large (500 nm – 1 µm) aggregates of clay (illite) particles and smaller (100 - 200 nm) iron oxide particles (dominantly hematite) that contain poorly reactive Fe. TEM imaging and Scanning Transmission X-raymicroscopy (STXM) indicated that the ferrihydrite is present as discrete particles within networks of amorphous particulate organic carbon (POC) and attached to the surface of primary produced organic matter and clay particles.Together, these larger particles act as the main carriers of nanoscale ferrihydrite in the Lena River basin.  The chemically reactive ferrihydrite accounts for on average 70 ± 15 % of the total suspended Fe in the Lena River and tributaries. These observations place important constraints on Fe and OC cycling in the Lena River catchment area and Fe-bearing particle transport to the Arctic Ocean.},
  issn = {0016-7037}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_sunxiaole_2018,
  title = {Stable silicon isotopic compositions of the Lena River and its tributaries: Implications for silicon delivery to the Arctic Ocean},
  author = {Sun, Xiaole and Mörth, Carl-Magnus and Porcelli, Don and Kutscher, Liselott and Hirst, Catherine and Murphy, Melissa J. and Maximov, Trofim and Petrov, Roman E. and Humborg, Christoph and Schmitt, Melanie and Andersson, Per},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  number = {241},
  pages = {120--133},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2018.08.044},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {silicon isotopes; lena river; tributary; arctic; seasonality; the changing earth},
  abstract = {Silicon isotope values (delta Si-30(DSi)) of dissolved silicon (DSi) have been analyzed in the Lena River and its tributaries, one of the largest Arctic watersheds in the world. The geographical and temporal variations of delta Si-30(DSi) range from +0.39 to +1.86% with DSi concentrations from 34 to 121 mu M. No obvious patterns of DSi concentrations and delta Si-30(DSi) values were observed along over 200 km of the two major tributaries, the Viliui and Aldan Rivers. In summer, the variations of DSi concentrations and delta Si-30(DSi) values in the water are either caused by biological uptake by higher plants and phytoplankton or by mixing of water masses carrying different DSi concentrations and delta Si-30(DSi) values. DSi in tributaries from the Verkhoyansk Mountain Range seems to be associated with secondary clay formation that increased the delta Si-30(DSi) values, while terrestrial biological production is likely more prevalent in controlling delta Si-30(DSi) values in Central Siberian Plateau and Lena Amganski Inter-River Area. In winter, when soils were frozen, the delta Si-30(DSi) values in the river appeared to be controlled by weathering and clay formation in deep intrapermafrost groundwater. During the spring flood, dissolved silicate materials and phytoliths were flushed from the upper thawed soils into rivers, which reset delta Si-30(DSi) values to the values observed prior to the biological bloom in summer. The results indicate that the Si isotope values reflect the changing processes controlling Si outputs to the Lena River and to the Arctic Ocean between seasons. The annual average delta Si-30(DSi) value of the Lena Si flux is calculated to be +0.86 +/- 0.3 parts per thousand using measured delta Si-30(DSi) values from each season. Combined with the estimate of + 1.6 +/- 0.25 parts per thousand for the Yenisey River, an updated delta Si-30(DSi) value of the major river Si inputs to the Arctic Ocean is estimated to be + 1.3 +/- 0.3 parts per thousand. This value is expected to shift towards higher values in the future because of the impacts from a variety of biological and geochemical processes and sources under global warming.},
  issn = {0016-7037}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_vonkjoriene_2019,
  title = {Temporal deconvolution of vascular plant-derived fatty acids exported from terrestrial watersheds},
  author = {Vonk, Jorien E. and Drenzek, Nicholas J. and Hughen, Konrad A. and Stanley, Rachel H. R. and McIntyre, Cameron and Montlucon, Daniel B. and Giosan, Liviu and Southon, John R. and Santos, Guaciara M. and Druffel, Ellen R. M. and Andersson, August A. and Sköld, Martin and Eglinton, Timothy I.},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  number = {244},
  pages = {502--521},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2018.09.034},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {terrestrial carbon; organic matter; radiocarbon; leaf waxes; sediment; residence time},
  abstract = {Relatively little is known about the amount of time that lapses between the photosynthetic fixation of carbon by vascular land plants and its incorporation into the marine sedimentary record, yet the dynamics of terrestrial carbon sequestration have important implications for the carbon cycle. Vascular plant carbon may encounter multiple potential intermediate storage pools and transport trajectories, and the age of vascular plant carbon accumulating in marine sediments will reflect these different pre-depositional histories. Here, we examine down-core C-14 profiles of higher plant leaf wax-derived fatty acids isolated from high fidelity sedimentary sequences spanning the so-called bomb-spike, and encompassing a ca. 60-degree latitudinal gradient from tropical (Cariaco Basin), temperate (Saanich Inlet), and polar (Mackenzie Delta) watersheds to constrain integrated vascular plant carbon storage/transport times (residence times). Using a modeling framework, we find that, in addition to a young (conditionally defined as < 50 y) carbon pool, an old pool of compounds comprises 49 to 78 % of the fractional contribution of organic carbon (OC) and exhibits variable ages reflective of the environmental setting. For the Mackenzie Delta sediments, we find a mean age of the old pool of 28 ky (+/- 9.4, standard deviation), indicating extensive pre-aging in permafrost soils, whereas the old pools in Saanich Inlet and Cariaco Basin sediments are younger, 7.9 (+/- 5.0) and 2.4 (+/- 0.50) to 3.2 (+/- 0.54) ky, respectively, indicating less protracted storage in terrestrial reservoirs. The young pool showed clear annual contributions for Saanich Inlet and Mackenzie Delta sediments (comprising 24% and 16% of this pool, respectively), likely reflecting episodic transport of OC from steep hillside slopes surrounding Saanich Inlet and annual spring flood deposition in the Mackenzie Delta, respectively. Contributions of 5-10 year old OC to the Cariaco Basin show a short delay of OC inflow, potentially related to transport time to the offshore basin. Modeling results also indicate that the Mackenzie Delta has an influx of young but decadal material (20-30 years of age), pointing to the presence of an intermediate reservoir. Overall, these results show that a significant fraction of vascular plant C undergoes pre-aging in terrestrial reservoirs prior to accumulation in deltaic and marine sediments. The age distribution, reflecting both storage and transport times, likely depends on landscape-specific factors such as local topography, hydrographic characteristics, and mean annual temperature of the catchment, all of which affect the degree of soil buildup and preservation. We show that catchment-specific carbon residence times across landscapes can vary by an order of magnitude, with important implications both for carbon cycle studies and for the interpretation of molecular terrestrial paleoclimate records preserved in sedimentary sequences.},
  issn = {0016-7037}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_murphymelissaj_2019,
  title = {Tracingsilicate weathering processes in the permafrost-dominated Lena River watershedusing lithium isotopes},
  author = {Murphy, Melissa J. and Porcelli, Don and von Strandmann, Philip A. E. Pogge and Hirst, Catherine A. and Kutscher, Liselott and Katchinoff, Joachim A. and Mörth, Carl-Magnus and Maximov, Trofim and Andersson, Per S.},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  number = {245},
  pages = {154--171},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2018.10.024},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Saunders Elsevier},
  keywords = {li isotopes; lena river; permafrost; weathering; the changing earth; den föränderliga jorden},
  abstract = {Increasing global temperatures are causing widespread changes in the Arctic, including permafrost thawing and altered freshwater inputs and trace metal and carbon fluxes into the ocean and atmosphere. Changes in the permafrost active layer thickness can affect subsurface water flow paths and water-rock interaction times, and hence weathering processes. Riverine lithium isotope ratios (reported as δ7Li) are tracers of silicate weathering that are unaffected by biological uptake, redox, carbonate weathering and primary lithology. Here we use Li isotopes to examine silicate weathering processes in one of the largest Russian Arctic rivers: the Lena River in eastern Siberia. The Lena River watershed is a large multi-lithological catchment, underlain by continuous permafrost. An extensive dataset of dissolved Li isotopic compositions of waters from the Lena River main channel, two main tributaries (the Aldan and Viliui Rivers) and a range of smaller sub tributaries are presented from the post-spring flood/early-summer period at the onset of active layer development and enhanced water-rock interactions. The Lena River main channel (average δ7Lidiss ~19‰) has a slightly lower isotopic composition than the mean global average of 23‰ (Huhet al., 1998a). The greatest range of [Li] and δ7Lidiss are observed in catchments draining the south facing slopes of the Verkhoyansk Mountain Range. South-facing slopes in high-latitude, permafrost dominated regions are typically characterised by increased summer insolation and higher daytime temperatures relative to other slope aspects. The increased solar radiation on south-facing catchments promotes repeated freeze-thaw cycles, and contributes to more rapid melting of snow cover, warmer soils, and increased active layer thaw depths. The greater variability in δ7Li and [Li] in the south-facing rivers likely reflect the greater infiltration of melt water and enhanced water rock interactions within the active layer. A similar magnitude of isotopic fractionation is observed between the low-lying regions of the Central Siberian Plateau (and catchments draining into the Viliui River), and catchments draining the Verkhoyansk Mountain Range into the Aldan River. This is in contrast to global rivers in non permafrost terrains that drain high elevations or areas of rapid uplift, where high degrees of physical erosion promote dissolution of freshly exposed primary rock typically yielding low δ7Lidiss, and low lying regions exhibit high riverine δ7Li values resulting from greater water-rock interaction and formation of secondary mineral that fractionates Li isotopes. Overall, the range of Li concentrations and δ7Lidiss observed within the Lena River catchment are comparable to global rivers located in temperate and tropical regions. This suggests that cryogenic weathering features specific to permafrost regions (such as the continual exposure of fresh primary minerals due to seasonal freeze-thaw cycles, frost shattering and salt weathering), and climate (temperature and runoff), are not a dominant control on δ7Li variations. Despite vastly different climatic and weathering regimes, the same range of riverine δ7Li values globally suggests that the same processes govern Li geochemistry – that is, the balance between primary silicate mineral dissolution and the formation (or exchange with) secondary minerals. This has implications for the use of δ7Li as a palaeo weathering tracer for interpreting changes in past weathering regimes.},
  issn = {0016-7037}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hirstcatherine_2023,
  title = {Iron isotopes reveal seasonal variations in the mechanisms for iron-bearing particle and colloid formation in the Lena River catchment, NE Siberia},
  author = {Hirst, Catherine and Andersson, Per S. and Mörth, Carl-Magnus and Murphy, Melissa J. and Schmitt, Melanie and Kooijman, Ellen and Kutscher, Liselott and Petrov, Roman and Maximov, Trofim and Porcelli, Don},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  number = {363},
  pages = {77--93},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2023.09.016},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {climate change; iron; isotopes; permafrost; river; seasonality; the changing earth},
  abstract = {Large Arctic rivers are an important source of iron (Fe) to the Arctic Ocean, though seasonal variations in the terrestrial source and supply of Fe to the ocean are unknown. To constrain the seasonal variability, we present Fe concentrations and isotopic compositions (δ56Fe) for particulate (>0.22 µm) and colloidal (<0.22 µm–1 kDa) Fe from the Lena River, NE Russia. Samples were collected every month during winter baseflow (September 2012–March 2013) and every 2–3 days before, during and after river ice break-up (May 2015).Iron in particles have isotope ratios lower than crustal values during winter (e.g., δ56FePart = −0.37 ± 0.16‰), and crustal-like values during river ice break-up and spring flood (e.g., δ56FePart = 0.07 ± 0.08‰), indicating a change in the source of particulate Fe between winter and spring flood. Low isotope values are indicative of mineral dissolution, transport of reduced Fe in sub-oxic, ice-covered sub-permafrost groundwaters and near-quantitative precipitation of Fe as particles. Crustal-like isotopic compositions result from the increased supply of detrital particles from riverbank and soil erosion during river ice break-up and flooding. Iron colloids (<0.22 μm) have δ56Fe values that are comparable to or lower than crustal values during winter (e.g., δ56FeCol = −0.08 ± 0.05‰) but similar to or higher than crustal values during spring flood (e.g., δ56FeCol = +0.24 ± 0.11‰). Low δ56Fe ratios for colloidal Fe during winter are consistent with precipitation from isotopically light Fe(II)aq transported in sub-permafrost groundwaters. Higher colloidal δ56Fe ratios during the spring flood indicate that these colloids are supplied from surface soils, where Fe is fractionated via oxidation or organic carbon complexation, similar to during summer. Approximately half of the annual colloidal Fe flux occurs during spring flood while most of the remaining colloidal Fe is supplied during summer months. The total amount of colloidal Fe transported during winter was relatively low. The seasonal variation in colloidal Fe isotope values may be a useful tool to trace the source of colloidal Fe to the Arctic Ocean and monitor future changes in the sources and supply of Fe from the permafrost landscape to the Lena River basin.},
  issn = {0016-7037}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_cabraldossantosalex_2024,
  title = {Tidally driven porewater exchange and diel cycles control CO2 fluxes in mangroves on local and global scales},
  author = {Cabral dos Santos, Alex and Yau, Yvonne Yu Yan and Reithmaier, Gloria M.S. and Cotovicz, Luiz C. and Barreira, João and Broström, Göran and Viana, Bárbara and Fonseca, Alessandra L. and Santos, Isaac R.},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  number = {374},
  pages = {121--135},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gca.2024.04.020},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {222 rn; blue carbon; greenhouse gases; radon mass-balance},
  abstract = {Mangrove soils are highly enriched in organic carbon. Tidal pumping drives seawater and oxygen into mangrove soils during flood tide and releases carbon-rich porewater during ebb tides. Here, we resolve semi-diurnal (flood/ebb tides), diel (day/night) and weekly (neap/spring tides) drivers of porewater-derived CO2 fluxes in two mangroves and update global estimates of CO2 emissions building on earlier observations from other sites. Tidal pumping controlled pCO2 variability within the two mangrove creeks. The highest values of pCO2 (2,585–6,856 µatm) and 222Rn (2,315–6,159 dpm m−3) and lowest values of pH (6.8–7.1) and dissolved oxygen (1.7–3.7 mg L−1) at low tides were due to enhanced porewater export. 222Rn and pCO2 in mangrove porewater were 4–15 and 38–41 times greater than surface waters, respectively. pCO2 increased by 50 ± 30 % from high to low tide, 9 ± 22 % from day to night and 57 ± 5 % from neap to spring tide with clear changes in hourly, diel, and weekly time scales. Combining our new estimates with literature data, global porewater-derived (16 sites) and water-atmosphere (52 sites) CO2 fluxes in mangroves would upscale to 45 ± 12 and 41 ± 10 Tg C y−1, respectively. These fluxes represent 25 % of net primary production and are twice as high as the sediment carbon burial rates in global mangroves. Overall, our local observations and global compilation suggest that porewater-derived CO2 exchange is a major but often unaccounted source of CO2 in mangroves. The porewater-derived CO2 can be emitted to the atmosphere or laterally exported to the ocean and should be included in carbon budgets to solve global imbalances.},
  issn = {0016-7037}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_liy_2018,
  title = {Alluvial fan aggradation/incision history of the eastern Tibetan plateau margin and implications for debris flow/debris-charged flood hazard},
  author = {Li, Y and Armitage, S.J. and Stevens, Thomas and Meng, X},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Geomorphology},
  number = {318},
  pages = {203--216},
  doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.06.016},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  abstract = {This paper reconstructs the Quaternary aggradation and incision history of a debris flow/debris-charged flood-affected valley in order to detect the impact of climate on alluvial fan dynamics. We used optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of quartz to determine the ages of alluvial fan terraces. Comparison between the aggradation and incision history and regional climatic records suggests that aggradation occurred in cold and/or dry climates, whereas incision is a feature of warm and wet climates. Cold climates lead to enhanced frost shattering, and dry climates cause deteriorated vegetation. Both effects caused surplus sediment which was transported by infrequent flood discharges to form alluvial fan/terrace deposits. Incision during wet and warm climates is due to increased vegetation cover and an increase in the frequency of flood discharges. This relationship between climate and valley evolution is applied to assess future changes in the present active channel by considering recent climatic records. The results show that the valley channel is expected to experience net incision if the average temperature continues increasing while precipitation maintains at a constant level.},
  issn = {0169-555X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_weckwerthpiotr_2024,
  title = {Evolutionary model for glacial lake-outburst fans at the ice-sheet front: Development of meltwater outlets and origins of bedforms},
  author = {Weckwerth, Piotr and Kalińska, Edyta and Wysota, Wojciech and Krawiec, Arkadiusz and Alexanderson, Helena and Chabowski, Marek},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Geomorphology},
  number = {453},
  pages = {453},
  doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109125},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  abstract = {Large-scale landforms originated from jökulhlaups or glacial lake-outburst floods (GLOFs), and their small-scale components help in recognising the sedimentary environment of the flood. The GLOF fans that developed along the Pleistocene ice-sheet margin have not been investigated in detail, and north-eastern Poland, with its Megaflood Landform System and Bachanowo and Szeszupka fans, seems ideal for landform and sedimentary studies. This paper provides (1) an important opportunity to recognise the origins of glacier lake-outburst flood outlets and their evolution during two GLOFs and (2) a model of the origin of ice-marginal fans considering changes in sedimentary environment reflecting flood stages. During the first GLOF (GLOF1), the rising stage of meltwater burst triggered the formation of a supraglacial outlet and the development of the Szeszupka outburst fan. During the pulsed peak discharge, subglacial multi-channelised meltwater outburst caused the formation of the Bachanowo Gate, which was finally transformed at the flood waning stage. Such processes were associated with the widening of the floodwater subglacial routeway, when floodwater outlets rapidly spread across the glacier snout. In contrast, GLOF2 was responsible only for the Szeszupka fan erosion and development of outburst terraces. The small-scale bedforms continuum, recognised on the outburst fan surface, is associated with the development of streamlined erosional residuals, scours and their trains during the rising stage and peak discharge, while the waning stage and very end of flood conditions were favourable to the formation of pendant bars, distributive channels with erosional bars and chute bars, regardless of the feeding systems of the outburst fans. The fan deposits were OSL-dated and revealed either, likely, overly old ages or an age of 13.2 ± 0.9 ka. The latter age would imply the ‘normal’ meltwater outflow having a correlation with the events in the region. Nevertheless, this age might be considered a minimum age of the flood.},
  issn = {0169-555X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_adellanna_2024,
  title = {Observed beach nourishment development in a semi-enclosed coastal embayment},
  author = {Adell, Anna and Kroon, Aart and Almström, Björn and Larson, Magnus and Hallin, Caroline},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Geomorphology},
  number = {462},
  pages = {462},
  doi = {10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109324},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  abstract = {Beaches are important coastal features that provide vital ecosystem services; however, these systems are threatened by coastal erosion, sea-level rise, and coastal squeeze. Beach nourishments are a commonly applied coastal protection measure to mitigate erosion and flood risks while maintaining or enhancing recreational values. Nourishments vary in scale from mega-nourishments to small-scale nourishments, where the latter has typically been less studied due to the limited resources for monitoring. Meanwhile, with rising sea levels, the implementation of small-scale nourishments is expected to increase, and there is a need for more knowledge about the morphological evolution and technical lifetime of these interventions. In this study, the morphological responses of small-scale beach nourishment (total volume 20,000 m3 which amounts to 30 m3 added per m alongshore) are observed and quantified over various timescales, considering the initial adjustment, long-term development, and event-driven response. The investigated nourishment is implemented in a partly sheltered coastal embayment in the semi-enclosed Baltic Sea, which has a complex interaction between waves and water levels. Furthermore, the beach is surrounded by hard structures, a rock revetment at the back, and a harbor mole and a groin, influencing the longshore and cross-shore sediment transport. The results show that substantial reduction in subaerial volume can be attributed to specific events. In addition, we observed considerable spatial variation in the sediment re-distribution induced by hard structures and variability in the nearshore bathymetry. The lifetime of the beach nourishment is just over two years. The nourished material remains in the system at the end of the lifetime but is not available for beach recovery. Still, the added subaerial volume has eroded at the midsection, and the protective beach width has been reduced, leaving the rock revetment exposed with reduced protection for the hinterland. The energy conditions at the site are highly episodic, which impacts morphological evolution, and observations indicate that the development is event-driven.},
  issn = {0169-555X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_zhoukejing_2025,
  title = {Urban green infrastructure for flood resilience: Runoff sink-source regime shifts and vegetation structure influences},
  author = {Zhou, Kejing and Kong, Fanhua and Yin, Haiwei and Destouni, Georgia and Zhuang, Xueying and Ban, Yulong and Chen, Liding},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Geography and Sustainability},
  volume = {5},
  number = {6},
  pages = {5},
  doi = {10.1016/j.geosus.2025.100333},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {flood resilience; flood risk management; runoff sink-source; urban ecosystem services; urban green infrastructure; vegetation structure effects},
  abstract = {Over the period of rainfall, urban green infrastructures (UGI) function like a sponge by absorbing surface runoff as sinks; however, they will shift to sources once their runoff reduction capacities are exceeded. This dynamic of sink-source shifts, and its dependence on the vegetation structure, remain poorly understood, limiting the action of flood-resilient UGI strategies. This study employs MIKE SHE/11 model coupled with statistical analysis for such resolution. Across four scenarios ranging from light to heavy rainfall, we identified regime shifts in UGI system through the decreasing to increasing trends of sink fractions, typically occurring around 13–18 h after rainfall starts. Based on these regime shifts, we categorized the UGI system into vulnerable, reliable, and recoverable components, highlighting its heterogeneous performance. In addition, by examining the influence of vegetation structure on sink–source dynamics, we found that a higher probability of sinks under light rainfalls was associated with a greater leaf area index (LAI) and vegetation height standard deviation (VHSTD), while green volume (GV) and canopy height (CH) played a more prominent role under heavier rainfalls. Threshold effect analysis further revealed that, a high proportion of the recoverable parts met the thresholds of CH (82 %) and GV (85 %), whereas fewer reached the thresholds of LAI (15 %–19 %) and VHSTD (3 %–6 %). These findings underscore the importance of enhancing 3D vegetation configuration for UGI to adapt to flood impacts. Our study expects to provide actionable knowledge for understanding, quantification, and management of the runoff sink-source dynamics, informing UGI design and planning to achieve urban flood resilience.},
  issn = {2096-7438}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_johannessense_2013,
  title = {Social learning towards a more adaptive paradigm? Reducing flood risk in Kristianstad municipality, Sweden},
  author = {Johannessen, Åse and Hahn, Thomas},
  year = {2013},
  journal = {Global Environmental Change},
  volume = {1},
  number = {23},
  pages = {372--381},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.07.009},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {innovation; adaptability; multilevel governance; flooding; triple-loop learning; adaptive governance},
  abstract = {Social learning is often treated as an intervention, a designed process facilitated or even initiated by a third party. We investigated how a social learning process emerged spontaneously from inside Kristianstad, one of the most flood-prone municipalities in Sweden. Twenty key persons were interviewed over 8 years, many of them several times, to assess the process. A small action oriented group of technical professionals perceived the flood risk and were key drivers providing strategic innovative capacity. We identified the process attributes that fostered the learning, the knowledge generated and other learning outcomes adapting a model by Schusler et al. (2003). Despite some elements of double loop learning, this process was not able to change the prevailing stationary principle/paradigm, feeling safe behind the embankments and continuing building on low lying land. We argue that building resilience and adaptive capacity would require a mind shift to a paradigm of flood proofing/living with floods and preparing for the unexpected, acknowledging that water cannot be controlled at a certain level. We conclude that knowledge development is inhibited by the Swedish decentralisation approach and we call for a multilevel learning strategy including learning from international experience and emphasising more active coordination at the national level},
  issn = {0959-3780}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dunnfrancese_2025,
  title = {Mapping the solution space for local adaptation under global change: An test of concept for the Vietnamese Mekong delta},
  author = {Dunn, Frances E. and Haasnoot, Marjolijn and Du, Haomiao and Karabil, Star and Minderhoud, Philip S.J. and Schippers, Vincent and Scown, Murray and Triyanti, Annisa and Vu, Trang and Middelkoop, Hans},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Global Environmental Change},
  number = {95},
  pages = {95},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103071},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  abstract = {Current and projected environmental changes are complex and unprecedented in the context of modern societies. Effective adaptation strategies must consider constraining and enabling factors from both physical and societal aspects, as well as associated uncertainties at different points in time. Here we present a multidisciplinary method to quantify the solution space for individual adaptation measures—a conceptual space describing the feasibility of effectively implementing an adaptation measure, bounded by physical and societal constraints. Solution spaces can be projected over time under different scenarios and for multiple adaptation measures to identify what measures are available at any point, when the solution space changes (enabling or disabling choices), and what can be done to expand the space. We demonstrate the method for an illustrative case study of the coastal Mekong delta in Vietnam, an area with intense overlapping drivers of relative sea-level rise increasing coastal flooding. We consider three adaptation measures (mangroves, dikes, retreat) over the 21st century. The implementation reveals critical conditions for adaptation strategies, and when they might become infeasible without enabling actions. Our novel systematic approach can be implemented in real-world cases using data from the specific case of interest to assess the feasibility of measures determined by the (bio)physical, socio-economic, governance and legislation context, and provides insight into adaptation limitations and measures to maintain and/or expand the solution space. Such a multi-dimensional assessment is challenging due to the identification of critical conditions for many different dimensions, but is valuable to evaluate adaptation potential and design adaptive pathways plans to deal with uncertain changing conditions.},
  issn = {0959-3780}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_jevrejevas_2012,
  title = {Sea level projections to AD2500 with a new generation of climate change scenarios},
  author = {Jevrejeva, S. and Moore, John C. and Grinsted, A.},
  year = {2012},
  journal = {Global and Planetary Change},
  number = {80},
  pages = {14--20},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gloplacha.2011.09.006},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {sea level rise projections; radiative forcing scenarios; impact of sea level rise},
  abstract = {Sea level rise over the coming centuries is perhaps the most damaging side of rising temperature (Anthoff et al., 2009). The economic costs and social consequences of coastal flooding and forced migration will probably be one of the dominant impacts of global warming (Sugiyama et al., 2008). To date, however, few studies (Nicholls et al., 2008; Anthoff et al., 2009) on infrastructure and socio-economic planning include provision for multi-century and multi-metre rises in mean sea level. Here we use a physically plausible sea level model constrained by observations, and forced with four new Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) radiative forcing scenarios (Moss et al., 2010) to project median sea level rises of 0.57 for the lowest forcing and 1.10 m for the highest forcing by 2100 which rise to 1.84 and 5.49 m respectively by 2500. Sea level will continue to rise for several centuries even after stabilisation of radiative forcing with most of the rise after 2100 due to the long response time of sea level. The rate of sea level rise would be positive for centuries, requiring 200-400 years to drop to the 1.8 mm/yr 20th century average, except for the RCP3PD which would rely on geoengineering.},
  issn = {0921-8181}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_japsenp_2014,
  title = {From volcanic plains to glaciated peaks: BURIAL, uplift and exhumation history of southern East Greenland after opening of the NE Atlantic},
  author = {Japsen, P. and Green, P. F. and Bonow, Johan M. and Nielsen, T. F. D. and Chalmers, J. A.},
  year = {2014},
  journal = {Global and Planetary Change},
  number = {116},
  pages = {91--114},
  doi = {10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.01.012},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {burial; exhumation; flood basalts; geodynamics; greenland; ne atlantic; peneplain; thermonchronology; uplift; flood basalt; basalt; floods; indium plating; sea level; stratigraphy; tectonics; chronology; continental margin; glaciation; miocene; paleogene; plume; seafloor; temperature effect; volcanic eruption; arctic; atlantic ocean; atlantic ocean (northeast); kangerlussuaq fjord},
  abstract = {In southern East Greenland (68-70°N), voluminous flood basalts erupted onto a largely horizontal lava plain near sea level at the Paleocene-Eocene transition when sea-floor spreading started in the NE Atlantic. Based on synthesis of geological observations, stratigraphic landform analysis and apatite fission-track analysis data in 90 rock samples, we show how three regional phases of uplift and exhumation subsequently shaped the present-day margin and controlled the discontinuous history of the Greenland ice sheet. A late Eocene phase of uplift led to formation of a regional erosion surface near sea level (the Upper Planation Surface, UPS). Uplift of the UPS in the late Miocene led to formation of the Lower Planation Surface (LPS) by incision below the uplifted UPS, and a Pliocene phase led to incision of valleys and fjords below the uplifted LPS, leaving mountain peaks reaching 3.7. km above sea level. Local uplift affected the Kangerlussuaq area (~. 68°N) during early Eocene emplacement of the Kangerlussuaq Intrusion and during late Oligocene block movements, that may be related to the detachment of the Jan Mayen microcontinent from Greenland, while middle Miocene thermal activity, coeval with lava eruptions, heated rocks along a prominent fault within the early Cretaceous to Paleocene Kangerlussuaq Basin. The three regional uplift phases are synchronous with phases in West Greenland, overlap in time with similar events in North America and Europe and also correlate with changes in plate motion. The much higher elevation of East Greenland compared to West Greenland suggests support in the east from the Iceland plume. These observations indicate a connection between mantle convection, changes in plate motion and vertical movements along passive continental margins.},
  issn = {0921-8181}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_lubainasoni_2025,
  title = {The concept of sponge city as a nature-based solution for urban resilience: Insights from stakeholders in Karachi, Pakistan},
  author = {Lubaina, Soni and Iqbal, Asifa and Ayesha Agha, Shah},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Habitat International},
  number = {165},
  pages = {165},
  doi = {10.1016/j.habitatint.2025.103564},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {limatic challenges; karachi; nature-based solutions; sponge city; urban flooding; urban greenery; urbanization},
  abstract = {The vulnerability of growing cities to climatic challenges has led to substantial degradation of ecosystem services resulting in increased flooding and reduced green spaces. Sponge City (SC) concept has been promoted currently, as part of the wider scope of Nature-based Solutions (NBS) as sustainable measure that can be adopted to build resilient cities. However, Pakistan is still far behind in adapting such new practices. Its major cities like Karachi suffer from urban flooding and poor landscape management producing unhealthy urban environments. This study examines the familiarity and willingness of the experts related to architecture, urban planning and environmental development in adapting the concept of SC and the existing practical limitation perceived by these experts in Karachi for SC implementation. It employed a structured questionnaire survey administered to stakeholder groups to ascertain the status of knowledge amongst them related to NBS and SC. The research findings revealed that more than 50 % of experts are familiar with the concept of NBS and are willing to take part in implementing the SC initiatives in Karachi. At the same time, a significant majority of experts (74 %) are of the view that the absence of open and green spaces has a negative impact on quality of life in Karachi. However, most experts (72 %) consider the lack of government support as one of the major hinderances, while others consider high maintenance costs, shortage of skilled individuals and technology as barriers in adapting and implementing the SC concept in Karachi. This research subsequently identifies what could persuade experts to innovate SC concept within their practices. It emphasizes the urgent need for stakeholders and experts to collaborate with policy makers, advocating for a shift in mindset among both educated professionals to uninformed residents to drive meaningful change in the society.},
  issn = {0197-3975}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_sonilubaina_2025,
  title = {Challenges and considerations of applying nature-based solutions for future mega-cities: Implications for Karachi as a Sponge City},
  author = {Soni, Lubaina and Iqbal, Asifa and Waheed, Faseeha and Shah, Ayesha Agha and Akbar, Naji},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Human Settlements and Sustainability},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {50--61},
  doi = {10.1016/j.hssust.2025.02.002},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {urbanization; stormwater management; flood mitigation; nature-based solutions; sponge city; karachi; hållbar stadsutveckling; sustainable urban development},
  abstract = {Rapid urbanization contributes to impervious surface areas resulting in higher vulnerability to flooding and loss of green spaces. Recently, sustainable methods like nature-based solutions (NBS) are effectively being used to build resilient cities. These are practices derived from nature by emulating and regulating ecosystem services. Specifically, the adaptation of sponge city (SC) concept as part of NBS is being extensively used in growing cities to help mitigate impacts of development. This study focuses on difficulties encountered by Karachi, such as extreme weather occurrences and flooding. It examines the feasibility of implementing SC methods drawing inspiration from successfully implemented examples of China and Saudi Arabia. The outcomes indicate significance of incorporating NBS and adoption of SC elements in urban planning to provide remedies for Karachi's environmental challenges.},
  issn = {3050-6077}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_nornviveca_2016_1,
  title = {Flood riskassessment – Practices in flood prone Swedish municipalities},
  author = {Norén, Viveca and Hedelin, Beatrice and Nyberg, Lars and Bishop, Kevin},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction},
  number = {18},
  pages = {206--217},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ijdrr.2016.07.003},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Uppsala Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Villavagen, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. [Noren, Viveca; Bishop, Kevin] Uppsala Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Villavagen 16, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. [Noren, Viveca; Nyberg, Lars; Bishop, Kevin] Uppsala Univ, Ctr Nat Disaster Sci, Villavagen 16, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. [Hedelin, Beatrice; Nyberg, Lars] Karlstad Univ, Dept Environm & Life Sci, Ctr Climate & Safety, SE-65188 Karlstad, Sweden. [Bishop, Kevin] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Aquat Sci & Assessment, POB 7050, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. : Elsevier},
  keywords = {flood riskassessment; practice; swedish municipalities; interviewstudy; earth science with specialization in environmental analysis; geovetenskap med inriktning mot miljöanalys; risk- och miljöstudier},
  abstract = {Risk assessments are important to ensure efficient and effective flood risk management. Methods and strategies for flood risk assessment are described in the literature, but less is known about how assessments are actually performed. We have studied local flood risk assessments in Sweden by interviewing flood risk managers in municipalities and analyzing documentation of flood risk assessment efforts.There is a large variation between municipalities in how flood risk assessment has been done. The efforts made in association with the EU Floods Directive together with a Government Commission about a flood in Lake Mälaren are the most advanced assessments. Only a few of the municipalities have done comparable assessments. Generally, however, there is a lack of experience and theoretical knowledge about concepts and methods of flood risk assessment in the municipalities. In the assessments studied, the flood it self had been rather well defined in hazard maps. The consequences of a flood had been studied in the larger projects but only by half of the municipalities. It is mainly direct, tangible consequences that have been included. It is mainly the exposure of assets that has been investigated while little attention has been paid to vulnerability. To improve flood risk assessment in Sweden there is a need for knowledge and resources in the municipalities. Prioritization and motivation are needed to actually perform the assessments. National guidelines for may be helpful to guide municipalities in this work and to have more uniform risk assessment.},
  issn = {2212-4209}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_grahntonje_2017,
  title = {Assessment of pluvial flood exposure and vulnerability of residential areas},
  author = {Grahn, Tonje and Nyberg, Lars},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction},
  number = {21},
  pages = {367--375},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.01.016},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {risk- och miljöstudier; risk and environmental studies},
  issn = {2212-4209}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_emertonrebecca_2020,
  title = {Emergency flood bulletins for Cyclones Idai and Kenneth: A critical evaluation of the use of global flood forecasts for international humanitarian preparedness and response},
  author = {Emerton, Rebecca and Cloke, Hannah L. and Ficchi, Andrea and Hawker, Laurence and de Wit, Sara and Speight, Linda and Prudhomme, Christel and Rundell, Philip and West, Rosalind and Neal, Jeffrey and Cuna, Joaquim and Harrigan, Shaun and Titley, Helen and Magnusson, Linus and Pappenberger, Florian and Klingaman, Nicholas and Stephens, Elisabeth},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction},
  number = {50},
  pages = {50},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101811},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: ELSEVIER},
  keywords = {tropical cyclone; flood; forecasts; bulletins; early action},
  abstract = {Humanitarian disasters such as Typhoon Haiyan (SE Asia, 2013) and the Horn of Africa drought (2011-2012) are examples of natural hazards that were predicted, but where forecasts were not sufficiently acted upon, leading to considerable loss of life. These events, alongside international adoption of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, have motivated efforts to enable early action from early warnings. Through initiatives such as Forecast-based Financing (FbF) and the Science for Humanitarian Emergencies and Resilience (SHEAR) programme, progress is being made towards the use of science and forecasts to support international humanitarian organisations and governments in taking early action and improving disaster resilience. However, many challenges remain in using forecasts systematically for preparedness and response. The research community in place through SHEAR enabled the UK government's Department for International Development to task a collaborative group of scientists to produce probabilistic real-time flood forecast and risk bulletins, aimed at humanitarian decision-makers, for Cyclones Idai and Kenneth, which impacted Mozambique in 2019. The process of bulletin creation during Idai and Kenneth is reviewed and critically evaluated, including evaluation of the forecast information alongside evidence for how useful the bulletins were. In this context, this work seeks to navigate the "murky landscape" of national and international mandates, capacities, and collaborations for forecasting, early warning and anticipatory action, with the ultimate aim of finding out what can be done better in the future. Lessons learnt and future recommendations are discussed to enable better collaboration between producers and users of forecast information.},
  issn = {2212-4209}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_knsdaniel_2022,
  title = {Cloudburst-disaster modelling: A new open-source catastrophe model},
  author = {Knös, Daniel and Karagiorgos, Konstantinos and Haas, Jan and Blumenthal, Barbara and Nyberg, Lars and Halldin, Sven},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction},
  number = {67},
  pages = {67},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102679},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {catastrophe model; cloudburst; oasis open-source framework; pluvial flooding; property-level loss data; vulnerability curve; risk and environmental studies; risk- och miljöstudier; geomatik; geomatics},
  abstract = {Cloudburst flash floods cause big casualties and economic losses. This study primarily investigated if a cloudburst catastrophe (cat) model could be constructed to meaningfully assess such a hazard, exposure and vulnerability in Swedish urban context. Rainfall intensity was used directly as hazard measure, bypassing hydraulic water-level modelling, to predict vulnerability. The Splash (Swedish pluvial modelling analysis and safety handling) cloudburst-disaster model was constructed using the Oasis Loss Modelling Framework, and was based on individual property values and building locations, property-level insurance-loss data, high-resolution geographical data, and rainfall data from a dense municipal gauge network in the city of Jönköping. One major cloudburst event was used to derive a vulnerability curve. The following two events were used for validation and supported the hypothesis that the vulnerability curve changed with time because of municipal flood-risk-reduction measures after the first event. A faulty rain gauge during the first event, replaced by a trustworthy private gauge, clarified the very high sensitivity to cloudburst input. Given the limited amount of loss data, our results were uncertain but they pointed towards possible ways to further this study with other loss data at other locations, possibly using more easily available aggregated loss data. We concluded that a cat model based only on rainfall intensity provided acceptable results, thus providing an opening for future, simplified cloudburst cat models applicable in most geographical contexts where reliable cloudburst data are available, especially in cities with limited topographic data and hydraulic-modelling capacity.},
  issn = {2212-4209}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_degordehervemathilde_2022,
  title = {Fair strategies to tackle unfair risks?: Justice considerations within flood risk management},
  author = {de Goër de Herve, Mathilde},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction},
  number = {69},
  pages = {69},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102745},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {equity; fairness; flood risk justice; floods; justice; risk management; risk and environmental studies; risk- och miljöstudier},
  abstract = {Risk management, justice (i.e. equity, fairness), and sustainability are tightly interconnected. This literature review investigates how and why justice is considered in flood risk management. 20 scientific documents published between 2015 and 2020 are analyzed in depth. The results show a distinction between distributive and procedural justice and a complicated judgment of fairness based on different philosophies that vary depending on the country, the type of flood, and the type of strategy studied. Equity is found to be an under-discussed topic compared to its importance. Justice in flood risk management matters because (i) the impacts of floods affect different people unevenly, (ii) the interest in equity evinced by public authorities influences societal transformation, and (iii) the perception of fairness matters at both individual and collective levels. This paper analyzes the link between justice considerations and sustainability in relation to four dimensions: social, ecological, spatial, and temporal. Social and spatial issues are the most commonly studied in the literature, while ecological and temporal ones have generally been overlooked, creating a research gap. The results are discussed in terms of their diversities of justice concepts, places of investigation, and types of strategies. Various justice frameworks are used, but since none of them focus specifically on the contribution of flood risk management to sustainability through justice considerations, a flood risk justice framework is developed, which translates into theoretical and practical tools. It is based on the considerations of both humans and non-humans into different spatio-temporal scales.},
  issn = {2212-4209}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hahirwabasengajoseph_2024,
  title = {Flooding in Sebeya catchment, Rwanda - A review of causes, impacts, and management},
  author = {Hahirwabasenga, Joseph and Nilsson, Erik and Larson, Magnus and Bizimana, Hussein and Wali, Umaru Garba and Persson, Magnus},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction},
  number = {114},
  pages = {114},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.105012},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  abstract = {Flooding is one of the natural hazards that pose the most serious threat to human societies in Rwanda, particularly in the Sebeya catchment located in the northwestern part of the country. The main aims of this study are to identify the current flooding issues in the Sebeya catchment in Rwanda and to propose recommendations for improved flood risk management (FRM). The methodology employed encompasses extensive reviews and subsequent analysis of (1) the causes and effects of recent floods, (2) the current flood management framework, (3) previous relevant research, (4) data availability, and (5) opportunities for improvement of the management strategy. A wide range of information was collected from published papers, reports, government publications, and policies. Field observations were also conducted to assess the geographical and hydrological characteristics of the Sebeya catchment. The results show that there is limited knowledge on the impacts of floods in the catchment and that both the availability and quality of data are challenging in carrying out FRM. Therefore, more research on the major drivers and impacts of floods in the Sebeya catchment is required. It is also recommended to increase the number of rainfall and stream gauging stations to facilitate further studies on the hydrological characteristics of the floods and to provide data for modeling efforts. Apart from the Sebeya catchment and Rwanda in general, the methods and results in this study are particularly relevant for FRM in nearby countries facing similar flood conditions, such as Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Uganda.},
  issn = {2212-4209}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_iqbalasifa_2024,
  title = {Exploring the effects of floods in Pakistan: Pre/post flood analysis 2022},
  author = {Iqbal, Asifa and Nazir, Humaira and Khurshid, Nighat},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction},
  number = {115},
  pages = {115},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.105032},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {community resilience; disaster preparedness; floods; gender vulnerability; khipro; sindh},
  abstract = {Pakistan is affected by floods of various intensities ranging between high, moderate and low levels. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of 2022 flood events in Pakistan. This aim will be achieved by analyzing the relationship between the 2022 floods and the situation of affected communities, with a focus on gender roles. The study assessed the differences in vulnerability to floods between men vs. women by examining their socio-economic conditions before and after flood 2022. Multiple field surveys were conducted for data collection, and a questionnaire was used to learn about the current and past conditions of the people living in the villages around the city of Khipro, Sindh, located downstream of the Indus River, majorly affected by floods in terms of lives and livelihoods. Correlations, and cross-tabulations were used to analyze the demographic characteristics and socioeconomic status of communities. Focusing on the period before and after the 2022 floods and the difference in vulnerability, the results of the study indicated that despite having better access to disaster preparedness information and resources, societal norms and mobility issues make women more vulnerable. Therefore, it is important to focus on gender-sensitive disaster preparedness and response efforts. The study proposes a few measures to improve resilience and promote sustainable development in flood-affected areas.},
  issn = {2212-4209}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_razamohsin_2025,
  title = {Assessment of vulnerability and resilience of smallholder farming households to flood risks: insights from the Southern Punjab region of Pakistan},
  author = {Raza, Mohsin and Abu Hatab, Assem and Abouhatab, Assem},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction},
  number = {126},
  pages = {126},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105600},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {flood hazards; resilience; vulnerability; smallholder farming households; latent class analysis},
  abstract = {The frequency and severity of flood hazards in Pakistan have remarkedly increased in recent decades, posing significant socio-economic and environmental challenges to affected areas, particularly among smallholder farming communities. The present study employs an updated vulnerability assessment framework based on the IPCC AR6 (sixth assessment report, 2023) guidelines, distinguishing exposure from vulnerability. It also develops and operationalizes multidimensional resilience indices to assess the resilience of 269 smallholder farming households across three flood-affected districts in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. This study advances beyond previous research by utilizing latent class analysis (LCA) approach to cluster surveyed households based on their resilience index scores and examine the impact of selected sociodemographic characteristics on their cluster membership. The results reveal high vulnerability and notable geographical disparities in flood vulnerability across the three districts. The findings show that resilience index scores are generally low and more or less homogenous across the studied districts, with some variations pertaining to specific components. Based on LCA analysis, the findings reveal that nearly half of the surveyed households exhibit low resilience, while the remaining households are classified as moderately or highly resilient. Regarding the role of demographic and socio-economic characteristics in shaping the resilience of farming households, income, education, and age stand out as primary determinants of resilience. The study highlights the need for effective interventions and an integrated approach to flood risk management that considers different components of vulnerability and resilience while being responsive to farming households' evolving needs and preparedness in face of intensifying climate change impacts.},
  issn = {2212-4209}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_rasmussonkristina_2018,
  title = {Residual trapping of carbon dioxide during geological storage: insight gained through a pore-network modeling approach},
  author = {Rasmusson, Kristina and Rasmusson, Maria and Tsang, Yvonne and Benson, Sally and Hingerl, Ferdinand and Fagerlund, Fritjof and Niemi, Auli},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control},
  number = {74},
  pages = {62--78},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.04.021},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  abstract = {To reduce emissions of the greenhouse gas CO2 to the atmosphere, sequestration in deep saline aquifers is a viable strategy. Residual trapping is a key containment process important to the success of CO2 storage operations. While residual trapping affects CO2 migration over large scales, it is inherently a pore-scale process. Pore-network models (PNMs), capturing such processes, are useful for our understanding of residual trapping, and for upscaling trapping parameters for larger scale models. A PNM for simulation of quasi-static two-phase flow; CO2 intrusion (drainage) followed by water flooding (imbibition) was developed. It accounts for pore-scale displacement mechanisms, and was used to investigate residual CO2 trapping. The sensitivity of the residual CO2 saturation to several parameters was studied, to validate a trapping behavior in agreement with earlier studies. Then the PNM was calibrated to core sample data and used to simulate drainage-imbibition scenarios with different turning point saturations. From these the initial-residual saturation curves of CO2 in Heletz sandstone were estimated, essential for future macroscopic-scale simulations. Further, the occurrence of different pore-scale mechanisms were quantified and the size distribution of the residual clusters was shown to exhibit a bimodal appearance. The findings improve the understanding of residual trapping in Heletz sandstone.},
  issn = {1750-5836}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hillierstephen_2025,
  title = {Reactivity of glauconitic sandstones in CO2 experiments},
  author = {Hillier, Stephen},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control},
  number = {148},
  pages = {148},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104501},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  abstract = {The Palaeogene glauconitic sandstones in the produced Nini West oilfield were successfully tested by pilot injection of similar to 4 kT of CO2 in the Spring 2023 and the application for permanent storage facility is now being evaluated at the Danish Energy Agency. The sandstones are unique by having 25-30 vol% glauconitic clasts, which consist of mixed-layer glauconitic mica/Fe-smectite. The objective of the presented study was to document the reactivity of the glauconitic sandstones with respect to deterioration and carbonation during CO2 injection. Four flooding experiments were conducted at reservoir conditions whereby supercritical CO2 (scCO(2)) was injected in sandstone plugs saturated with synthetic brine mimicking the formation water. Different flow rates, brine volumes, presence of hydrocarbons, purity of CO2 and numbers of cycles of brine and scCO(2) were used to evaluate how individual parameters affected the glauconitic sandstones. A range of techniques were used to characterise the sandstone samples before and after experiments, such as Micro-CT, petrographical investigations in optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM), automated quantitative mineralogy (AQM), bulk and clay mineralogy by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The glauconitic clasts show a changed colour in optical microscope and had increased iron content (based on AQM) after the experiments, caused by intraclast precipitation of iron-oxide/hydroxide after partial dissolution of glauconitic clasts and/or corrosion of the test equipment. Dissolution grooves formed in K-feldspar overgrowth during some experiments show that K-feldspar dissolved when exposed to the acidic conditions arising when CO2 with NO2 and SO2 was injected. Intensive dissolution of scattered calcite cement occurred in all experiments flooded with alternating CO2 and brine. Alteration and dissolution of siderite rhombs intensified in samples without hydrocarbons present. Carbonate dissolution and glauconitic clast alterations resulted in slight decrease in geomechanical strength, although not viewed critical for reservoir integrity.},
  issn = {1750-5836}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_carpmannicole_2016,
  title = {Tidal resource characterization in the Folda Fjord, Norway},
  author = {Carpman, Nicole and Thomas, Karin},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {International Journal of Marine Energy},
  number = {13},
  pages = {27--44},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ijome.2016.01.001},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {tidal resource assessment; adcp; characterizing metrics; teknisk fysik med inriktning mot elektricitetslära; engineering science with specialization in science of electricity},
  abstract = {For tidal-stream energy industry to be fully realized, lower velocity sites and fjords should be developed. Finding new prospective sites for in-stream energy extraction from tidal currents is an area of ongoing research. In this paper, the tidal flow at a fjord inlet has been characterized using acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) measurements. This work is based on two survey measurement techniques: transect measurements to map the spatial variability, and seabed measurements to map the temporal variability. The data was analyzed in terms of characterizing metrics, to ensure they are comparable with other resource assessments. Results show that currents exceed 1 m/s for 38% of the time with peak currents of 2.06 m/s at hub height (middle of the water column) and the directional asymmetry is less than 1° between ebb and flood, indicating a truly bi-directional flow. A simple prediction model is proposed which allows peak current speeds to be accurately predicted in the channel center from tidal range data using a linear relationship. The relationship is shown to be strong, with a correlation coefficient of 0.98 at hub height, and a standard variation typically less than 10 cm/s. Furthermore, it is show that a minimum of 9 days of measurements are required to set up the model, although it takes 29 days to reduce the error in peak speed to less than 1%. However, the error is expected to vary depending on where in the monthly tidal cycle the survey begins, it is thus recommended to measure around spring tide if the measurement period is short.},
  issn = {2214-1669}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mulugetagenene_2007,
  title = {Emplacement mechanisms for Continental Flood Basalts and implications for plume activity during incipient continental breakup},
  author = {Mulugeta, Genene and Abebe, Bekele and Korme, Tesfaye and Sokoutis, Dimitrios},
  year = {2007},
  journal = {Journal of African Earth Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {48},
  pages = {137--146},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2006.10.009},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {lithosphere; magma emplacement; continental breakup; rheology; earth sciences},
  abstract = {We use model experiments to address the dynamics of magma upwelling during incipient break up of the continental lithosphere. In particular we study the emplacement mechanisms responsible for formation of Continental Flood Basalts. The models show that the dynamics of melt upwelling and distribution and the surface topography are all sensitive to the boundary conditions and the rheological stratification. When melt is involved, there is no or little stretching at break-up time of the continental lithosphere. Depending on the boundary conditions, zones of reduced strength and soft magma pockets localize strain and create focussed or segmented zones of significant weakening and fracturing. When extension of the lithosphere is fast and steady, magmatisin is segmented in spaced fissures. In contrast, when extension is slow or episodic, focussing of magmatism and fracturing is the preferred mode of melt emplacement. Upon fracturing of the brittle layer, the melt extrudes to the surface as lava flows. Buoyancy is the dominant mechanism by which magma is transported in the ductile lower crust and upper mantle. In contrast, dykes provide the means by which basaltic melts migrate through the brittle part of the lithosphere. Such spectacular intrusions are likely to have fed Continental Flood Basalts. The model results show that buoyant rise and focusing of magma, originating from a plume or a lithospheric source undergoing slow and/or episodic extension might provide a mechanical explanation for the profuse volcanism of Continental Flood Basalts, at break up time of the continental lithosphere e.g. the Ethiopian Trap Basalts. The models provide new prospects on magma dynamics and lithosphere-mantle interactions.},
  issn = {1464-343X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_aitlahnaabdelhak_2020,
  title = {Revised stratigraphic framework for the lower Anti-Atlas supergroup based on U–Pb geochronology of magmatic and detrital zircons (Zenaga and Bou Azzer-El Graara inliers, Anti-Atlas Belt, Morocco)},
  author = {Ait Lahna, Abdelhak and Youbi, Nasrrddine and Tassinari, Colombo Celso Gaeta and Basei, Miguel Angelo Stipp and Ernst, Richard E. and Chaib, Latifa and Barzouk, Abdelhafed and Mata, João and Gärtner, Andreas and Admou, Hassan and Boumehdi, Moulay Ahmed and Söderlund, Ulf and Bensalah, Mohamed Khalil and Bodinier, Jean Louis and Maacha, Lhou and Bekker, Andrey},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Journal of African Earth Sciences},
  number = {171},
  pages = {171},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2020.103946},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  abstract = {U–Pb geochronology of magmatic and detrital zircons (Zenaga and Bou Azzer-El Graara inliers, Anti-Atlas Belt, Morocco) and a reassessment of the published constraints suggest a revised stratigraphic framework for the lower Anti-Atlas Supergroup. Five major unconformity-bounded lithostratigraphic packages are here distinguished: the two lower units of Paleoproterozoic age are named the Tasserda-Taghatine Group (2030–1706 Ma) and the Oumoula (Mimount) Formation (ca. 1745–1650 Ma); the third unit of Paleoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic age (ca. 1650 to >883 Ma) is the Tizi n'Taghatine Group; the fourth and fifth units of Neoproterozoic age are the ca. 883 Ma Tachdamt and the ca. 700 Ma Bleida formations. Implications of this revised stratigraphic framework include: 1) the Tasserda-Taghatine Group might be linked to the post-orogenic collapse after the Eburnean Orogeny; 2) the Tizi n'Taghatine Group might be ca. 1.1 Ga in age based on proposed correlation with the Taoudeni Basin succession in Mauritania; 3) the Bleida Formation likely reflects deposition in the foreland basin at the early stage of the Pan-African Orogeny; 4) the Oumoula (Mimount) Formation, Tizi n'Taghatine Group, and Tachdamt Formation potentially record extensional events within the Nuna/Columbia and Rodinia supercontinents; 5) the provenance of the lower Anti-Atlas Supergroup (based on our new detrital zircon dating) is mainly from the West African craton along with possible contributions from other cratons such as Amazonia and the Sahara Metacraton; 6) the flood basalt sequence of the Tachdamt Formation likely belongs to the ca. 885-883 Ma intraplate Iguerda-Taïfast Large Igneous Province (LIP) event defined by previously dated dykes in the Iguerda and Taïfast inliers; and 7) the 1650 Ma Zenaga LIP can be potentially linked with LIP magmatism in Baltica and Laurentia.},
  issn = {1464-343X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_gouveneauxa_2017,
  title = {Morphology and fluorescence of the parapodial light glands in Tomopteris helgolandica and allies (Phyllodocida: Tomopteridae)},
  author = {Gouveneaux, A. and Flood, P. R. and Erichsen, E. S. and Olsson, Catharina and Lindström, Jenny and Mallefet, J.},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Zoologischer Anzeiger},
  number = {268},
  pages = {112--125},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jcz.2016.08.002},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {bioluminescence; pelagic annelid; rosette gland; hyaline gland; chromophile gland; tubular gland; catharina gosse; nervous-system; photocytes; organs; worm},
  abstract = {The histology of putative light organs in the parapodia of five species of Tomopteris (pelagic annelids) is examined and compared using light, epifluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. The structural homology of rosette glands in the parapodial pinnae of the tail-bearing species T. helgolandica and T. pacifica, and hyaline glands of the tail-less species T. carpenteri, T. planktonis and T. septentrionalis is highlighted. However, the rosette glands point towards the ramus of the coelomic cavity inside the parapodia, whereas the hyaline glands point towards the surrounding water and penetrate the pinnal surface on the posterior side of the parapodia. Further, in order to assess the photogenic properties of rosette glands from T. helgolandica, we analysed the distribution and the temporal dynamics of their endogenous fluorescence in isolated parapodia in response to light emission induced by I},
  issn = {0044-5231}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kalantarizahra_2014,
  title = {A method for mapping flood hazard along roads},
  author = {Kalantari, Zahra and Nickman, Alireza and Lyon, Steve W. and Olofsson, Bo and Folkeson, Lennart},
  year = {2014},
  journal = {Journal of Environmental Management},
  number = {133},
  pages = {69--77},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.11.032},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {physical catchment descriptors (pcds); gis; pca; pls; probability of flood hazard; road: highway design},
  abstract = {A method was developed for estimating and mapping flood hazard probability along roads using road and catchment characteristics as physical catchment descriptors (PCDs). The method uses a Geographic Information System (GIS) to derive candidate PCDs and then identifies those PCDs that significantly predict road flooding using a statistical modelling approach. The method thus allows flood hazards to be estimated and also provides insights into the relative roles of landscape characteristics in determining road-related flood hazards. The method was applied to an area in western Sweden where severe road flooding had occurred during an intense rain event as a case study to demonstrate its utility. The results suggest that for this case study area three categories of PCDs are useful for prediction of critical spots prone to flooding along roads: i) topography, ii) soil type, and iii) land use. The main drivers among the PCDs considered were a topographical wetness index, road density in the catchment, soil properties in the catchment (mainly the amount of gravel substrate) and local channel slope at the site of a roadstream intersection. These can be proposed as strong indicators for predicting the flood probability in ungauged river basins in this region, but some care is needed in generalising the case study results other potential factors are also likely to influence the flood hazard probability. Overall, the method proposed represents a straightforward and consistent way to estimate flooding hazards to inform both the planning of future roadways and the maintenance of existing roadways.},
  issn = {0301-4797}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_michielsenastrid_2016,
  title = {Predicting and communicating flood risk of transport infrastructure based on watershed characteristics},
  author = {Michielsen, Astrid and Kalantari, Zahra and Lyon, Steve W. and Liljegren, Eva},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Journal of Environmental Management},
  number = {182},
  pages = {505--518},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.07.051},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {flood prediction; stakeholder interactions; transport infrastructure; pls; binomial regression; artificial neural network},
  abstract = {This research aims to identify and communicate water-related vulnerabilities in transport infrastructure, specifically flood risk of road/rail-stream intersections, based on watershed characteristics. This was done using flooding in Varmland and Vastra Gotaland, Sweden in August 2014 as case studies on which risk models are built. Three different statistical modelling approaches were considered: a partial least square regression, a binomial logistic regression, and artificial neural networks. Using the results of the different modelling approaches together in an ensemble makes it possible to cross-validate their results. To help visualize this and provide a tool for communication with stakeholders (e.g., the Swedish Transport Administration - Trafikverket), a flood 'thermometer' indicating the level of flooding risk at a given point was developed. This tool improved stakeholder interaction and helped highlight the need for better data collection in order to increase the accuracy and generalizability of modelling approaches.},
  issn = {0301-4797}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_berndtssonronny_2019,
  title = {Drivers of changing urban flood risk: A framework for action},
  author = {Berndtsson, Ronny and Becker, Per and Persson, Andreas and Aspegren, Henrik and Haghighatafshar, Salar and Jönsson, Karin and Larsson, Rolf and Mobini, Shifteh and Mottaghi, Misagh and Nilsson, Jerry and Nordström, Jonas and Pilesjö, Petter and Scholz, Miklas and Sternudd, Catharina and Sörensen, Johanna and Tussupova, Kamshat},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Journal of Environmental Management},
  number = {240},
  pages = {47--56},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.094},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Academic Press},
  keywords = {urban flood risk},
  abstract = {This study focuses on drivers for changing urban flood risk. We suggest a framework for guiding climate change adaptation action concerning flood risk and manageability in cities. The identified key drivers of changing flood hazard and vulnerability are used to provide an overview of each driver's impact on flood risk and manageability at the city level. We find that identified drivers for urban flood risk can be grouped in three different priority areas with different time horizon. The first group has high impact but is manageable at city level. Typical drivers in this group are related to the physical environment such as decreasing permeability and unresponsive engineering. The second group of drivers is represented by public awareness and individual willingness to participate and urbanization and urban sprawl. These drivers may be important and are manageable for the cities and they involve both short-term and long-term measures. The third group of drivers is related to policy and long-term changes. This group is represented by economic growth and increasing values at risk, climate change, and increasing complexity of society. They have all high impact but low manageability. Managing these drivers needs to be done in a longer time perspective, e.g., by developing long-term policies and exchange of ideas.},
  issn = {0301-4797}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_rakapavel_2022,
  title = {Identifying barriers for nature-based solutions in flood risk management: An interdisciplinary overview using expert community approach},
  author = {Raška, Pavel and Bezak, Nejc and Ferreira, Carla S. S. and Kalantari, Zahra and Banasik, Kazimierz and Bertola, Miriam and Bourke, Mary and Cerdà, Artemi and Davids, Peter and Madruga de Brito, Mariana and Evans, Rhys and Finger, David C. and Halbac-Cotoara-Zamfir, Rares and Housh, Mashor and Hysa, Artan and Jakubínský, Jiří and Kapović  Solomun, Marijana and Kaufmann, Maria and Keesstra, Saskia and Keles, Emine and Kohnová, Silvia and Pezzagno, Michele and Potočki, Kristina and Rufat, Samuel and Seifollahi-Aghmiuni, Samaneh and Schindelegger, Arthur and Šraj, Mojca and Stankunavicius, Gintautas and Stolte, Jannes and Stričević, Ružica and Szolgay, Jan and Zupanc, Vesna and Slavíková, Lenka and Hartmann, Thomas},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Journal of Environmental Management},
  number = {310},
  pages = {310},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114725},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {europe; flood risk management; implementation barrier; nature-based solution},
  abstract = {The major event that hit Europe in summer 2021 reminds society that floods are recurrent and among the costliest and deadliest natural hazards. The long-term flood risk management (FRM) efforts preferring sole technical measures to prevent and mitigate floods have shown to be not sufficiently effective and sensitive to the environment. Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) mark a recent paradigm shift of FRM towards solutions that use nature-derived features, processes and management options to improve water retention and mitigate floods. Yet, the empirical evidence on the effects of NBS across various settings remains fragmented and their implementation faces a series of institutional barriers. In this paper, we adopt a community expert perspective drawing upon LAND4FLOOD Natural flood retention on private land network (https://www.land4flood.eu) in order to identify a set of barriers and their cascading and compound interactions relevant to individual NBS. The experts identified a comprehensive set of 17 barriers affecting the implementation of 12 groups of NBS in both urban and rural settings in five European regional environmental domains (i.e., Boreal, Atlantic, Continental, Alpine-Carpathian, and Mediterranean). Based on the results, we define avenues for further research, connecting hydrology and soil science, on the one hand, and land use planning, social geography and economics, on the other. Our suggestions ultimately call for a transdisciplinary turn in the research of NBS in FRM.},
  issn = {0301-4797}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_djodjicfaruk_2025,
  title = {Estimating landscape-level water storage potential as a tool to mitigate floods and nutrient losses},
  author = {Djodjic, Faruk and Geranmayeh, Pia and Elmi Lannergård, Emma and Futter, Martyn},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Journal of Environmental Management},
  number = {388},
  pages = {388},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126055},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  abstract = {Extreme weather events, which are becoming more frequent due to climate change, result in intensified nutrient losses and may override effects of agricultural mitigation measures. Using a landscape connectivity approach, we study the potential of water flow attenuation in upstream forest areas to prevent or mitigate waterlogging and flooding of downstream arable land, thereby contributing to reduced phosphorus (P) losses. We use soil distribution maps, high-resolution elevation data, land use maps and distributed modelling to quantify water storage potential and possible P reductions. In three out of four study catchments (119-915 km2), calculated storage potential of detention basins located in upstream wetland and forest areas was sufficient to retain water volumes (0.7-3.6 million m3) corresponding to discharge volumes produced during an episode with a 50 -year return period. Furthermore, it was estimated that 9-57 % of targeted annual P load reductions from arable land could be reached if stored water volumes bypass arable land without causing waterlogging/flooding leading to P mobilization and transport. As water storage potential is site-specific, prioritization and selection criteria need to be developed in collaboration with relevant stakeholders to achieve cost-efficient implementation of these measures. The methodology and results of this study have significant potential for application in landscapes with a mixture of forests and arable agriculture to aid land owners and managers to secure food production and improve water quality.},
  issn = {0301-4797}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_nilssonjosefine_2025,
  title = {Can wetlands designed for flood attenuation efficiently remove nitrogen from agricultural runoff?},
  author = {Nilsson, Josefin E. and Audet, Joachim and Ehde, Per Magnus and Weisner, Stefan E. B. and Liess, Antonia},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Journal of Environmental Management},
  number = {389},
  pages = {389},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126273},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Amsterdam : Elsevier},
  keywords = {constructed wetland; denitrification; ecosystem services; flood control; hydrological regime; nutrient retention; proacts},
  abstract = {Eutrophication and flood risk are pressing issues of ecological and societal relevance. A key driver of eutrophication is the use of nitrogen (N) fertiliser in agriculture, resulting in N exports from land to water. Climate change increases the risk of flood events which can increase N exports and further worsen eutrophication. Created wetlands in agricultural areas are recognised as effective nutrient sinks, and the flood attenuating capabilities of wetlands are well established. However, the combination of these two ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes is understudied. This study examines how water flow buffering in created wetlands affects N removal and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The study was performed in experimental wetlands of different designs (depth and size) subjected to intermittent or permanent flooding (gradual emptying between inflow events or a constant water level). Intermittently flooded wetlands removed less N than permanently flooded wetlands, especially during no-flow periods. The largest difference was found among deep wetlands, where the average N removal across the study was 0.19 g m−2 d−1 (25 %) in intermittently flooded wetlands and 0.27 g m−2 d−1 (38 %) in permanently flooded wetlands. No differences in the aqueous concentrations of N2O or CH4 were observed between wetlands with high or low water storage capacity, thus indicating similar emissions. This study highlights a risk of lowered N removal in created wetlands designed for flood attenuation. Further studies are needed on synergies and trade-offs when aiming to combine flood attenuation and N removal in created wetlands. © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.},
  issn = {0301-4797}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hassanmujtaba_2019,
  title = {Streamflow response to projected climate changes in the Northwestern Upper Indus Basin based on regional climate model (RegCM4.3) simulation},
  author = {Hassan, Mujtaba and Du, Pengfei and Mahmood, Rashid and Jia, Shaofeng and Iqbal, Waheed},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Journal of Hydro Environment Research},
  number = {27},
  pages = {32--49},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jher.2019.08.002},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {regional climate modeling; south asian summer monsoon; hydrological modeling; northwestern upper indus basin},
  abstract = {In the present research, we used bias corrected output of regional climate model (RegCM4.3) to generate streamflow for future climate change projections in the Northwestern Upper Indus Basin (NUIB) under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. The average annual runoff was found to be continuously increasing by the end of 21st century. The increase in precipitation as well as the streamflow for summer and winter in the NUIB indicated that RegCM4.3 simulated climate change projections were realistically transferred to HEC-HMS hydrological model. Maximum streamflow peaks, both in frequency and magnitude, were observed in July and August over three streamflow gauges (i.e. Besham, Nowshera and Khairabad) posing possible threats of flood risks during the monsoon season in Pakistan. Significant streamflow changes were projected for winter and spring seasons. The analysis of flow duration curve for three hydrometric stations indicates that the flow occurrence probability could be greater under both scenarios relative to the reference period. The increase in streamflow was projected under high (Q(5)) and medium (Q(50)) flow, which could possibly be related with the increase in monsoon precipitation events in the NUIB. Overall it is to be expected that the NUIB will confront more floods as a result of projected increase in medium and high flow, which demands better policies and management towards the water resources of the NUIB. This study is expected to contribute considerably to climate change impact assessment studies over the NUIB, Pakistan.},
  issn = {1570-6443}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_singhdharmaveer_2023,
  title = {Fusing morphometric characteristics with extreme precipitation indices for identifying the most vulnerable sub-basin at risk of flooding},
  author = {Singh, Dharmaveer and Karan, Kunal and Singh, Sudhir Kumar and Chauhan, Pankaj and Berndtsson, Ronny},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Journal of Hydro-Environment Research},
  number = {50},
  pages = {44--56},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jher.2023.07.005},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  abstract = {Fluvial floods are commonly studied as an occurrence at the level of a specific basin and are speculated to be closely related to the basin's morphometry. It is possible to identify and rank sub-basins based on how susceptible they are to fluvial flooding events using morphometric criteria. However, one of the key causes that triggers fluvial flooding is the increase in precipitation extremes and changes to their patterns. In this study, influence of morphometric factors and extreme precipitation events on the hydrological responses of the Brahmani River, India as well as their sensitivity to fluvial flooding, are investigated to identify the most vulnerable sub-basin in a catchment. The morphometric parameters were calculated from a digital elevation model (DEM), and the change in trend of extreme precipitation indices was detected using precipitation data of period 1991 to 2021. Furthermore, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was used to determine the frequency of wet cycles on time scale of 1, 3, 12, and 24 months, as well as their link to fluvial flooding. The two sub-basins of the catchment that are most vulnerable to river flooding are recognised as Noamundi and Gomlai based on morphometric criteria. However, analysis of SPI and extreme precipitation indices showed that the Jenapur sub-basin is the most vulnerable to flooding. It is also corroborated with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) based weighted overlay analysis and historical flood records. The outcomes will assist researchers in better understanding the mechanisms causing flooding in the Brahamni River Basin and in developing flood mitigation practices for the most vulnerable Jenapur sub-basin.},
  issn = {1570-6443}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_zhangq_2006,
  title = {Observed trends of annual maximum water level and streamflow during past 130 years in the Yangtze River basin, China},
  author = {Zhang, Q. and Liu, C. L. and Xu, Chong-Yu and Xu, Y. P. and Jiang, T.},
  year = {2006},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
  volume = {1},
  number = {324},
  pages = {255--265},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.09.023},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {wavelet analysis; mann-kendall analysis; the yangtze catchments; water level changes; runoff changes; hydrology; hydrologi},
  abstract = {Annual maximum streamflow and annual maximum water level and their variations exert most serious influences on human society. In this paper, temporal trends and frequency changes at three major stations of Yangtze River, i.e. Yichang, Hankou and Datong representing upper, middle and lower reaches, respectively, were detected with the help of parametric t-test, Mann-Kendall (MK) analysis and wavelet transform methods. The results show that: (1) there is a significant upward trend in streamflow at middle Yangtze River, indicating that flood hazard in the middle reach of the river, the flood rich region, will be more serious; (2) there is a consistent increase of water level from upper to lower reaches of the river which does not always coincide with the maximum streamflow variations; and (3) the periods of water level changes are decreasing over time, indicating the increasing occurrence frequency of annual maximum water level over time. This phenomenon is more obvious from upper Yangtze River to the lower Yangtze River. Human activities like destruction of vegetation, land reclamation and construction of levees reduced lake sizes and filled up the river bed, reducing the flood storage capacity of lakes and fluvial channel. These factors led to higher water level even some times the streamflow is small. Human should adjust his activity to enhance his adaptive capacity to flood hazard in the future.},
  issn = {0022-1694}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_pappenbergerf_2007,
  title = {Grasping the unavoidable subjectivity in calibration of flood inundation models: A vulnerability weighted approach},
  author = {Pappenberger, F. and Beven, Keith J and Frodsham, K. and Romanowicz, R. and Matgen, P.},
  year = {2007},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
  volume = {2},
  number = {333},
  pages = {275--287},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.08.017},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {flood inundation model; lisflood-fp; glue; raster map comparison; utility function; flood risk; flood hazard; earth sciences},
  abstract = {Quantitative modeling of risk and hazard from flooding involves decisions regarding the choice of model and goal of the modeling exercise, expressed by some measure of performance. This paper shows how the subjectivity in the choices of performance measures and observation sets used for model calibration inevitably results in variability in the estimation of flood hazard. We compare the predictions of a 2D flood inundation model obtained using different global and local evaluation criteria. It is shown that traditional area averaging performance measures are inadequate in the face of model imperfection, especially when such models are calibrated for flood hazard studies. In this study we include flood risk weighting into the performance measure of the model. This allows us to calibrate the model to places that are important, e.g. location of houses. The quantification of the importance of places requires the necessity of engaging stakeholders into the model calibration process.},
  issn = {0022-1694}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_jiangt_2007,
  title = {Comparison of hydrological impacts of climate change simulated by six hydrological models in the Dongjiang Basin, South China},
  author = {Jiang, T. and Chen, Y.D. and Xu, Chong-yu and Chen, X.H. and Chen, X. and Singh, V.P.},
  year = {2007},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
  volume = {3},
  number = {336},
  pages = {316--333},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.01.010},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {climate change; water balance models; model comparison; hydrological impacts; earth sciences},
  abstract = {Large differences in future climatic scenarios found when different global circulation models (GCMs) are employed have been extensively discussed in the scientific literature. However, differences in hydrological responses to the climatic scenarios resulting from the use of different hydrological models have received much less attention. Therefore, comparing and quantifying such differences are of particular importance for the water resources management of a catchment, a region, a continent, or even the globe. This study investigates potential impacts of human-induced climate change on the water availability in the Dongjiang basin, South China, using six monthly water balance models, namely the Thornthwaite–Mather (TM), Vrije Universitet Brussel (VUB), Xinanjiang (XAJ), Guo (GM), WatBal (WM), and Schaake (SM) models. The study utilizes 29-year long records of monthly streamflow and climate in the Dongjiang basin. The capability of the six models in simulating the present climate water balance components is first evaluated and the results of the models in simulating the impact of the postulated climate change are then analyzed and compared. The results of analysis reveal that (1) all six conceptual models have similar capabilities in reproducing historical water balance components; (2) greater differences in the model results occur when the models are used to simulate the hydrological impact of the postulated climate changes; and (3) a model without a threshold in soil moisture simulation results in greater changes in model-predicted soil moisture with respect to alternative climates than the models with a threshold soil moisture. The study provides insights into the plausible changes in basin hydrology due to climate change, that is, it shows that there can be significant implications for the investigation of response strategies for water supply and flood control due to climate change.},
  issn = {0022-1694}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_chenh_2007,
  title = {Historical temporal trends of hydro-climatic variables and runoff  response to climate variability and their relevance in water resource  management in the Hanjiang basin},
  author = {Chen, H. and Guo, S.L. and Xu, Chong-yu and Singh, V.P.},
  year = {2007},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
  volume = {3},
  number = {344},
  pages = {171--184},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.06.034},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {trends analysis; mann–kendall; climate variability; water balance model; danjiangkou reservoir; south-to-north water diversion project; earth sciences},
  abstract = {The Danjiangkou reservoir lies in the upper Hanjiang basin and is the source of water for the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP) in China. Any significant change in the magnitude or timing of runoff from the Danjiangkou reservoir induced by changes in climatic variables would have significant implications for the economic prosperity of the area in the Hanjiang basin as well as for the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. In this paper the following issues are investigated: (1) Temporal trends of annual and seasonal precipitation and temperature from 1951 to 2003 in the Hanjiang basin are analyzed using the Mann–Kendall and the linear regression methods; spatial distributions of precipitation and temperature are interpolated by the inverse distance weighted interpolation method. (2) Temporal trends of runoff, precipitation and temperature from 1951 to 2003 in the Danjiangkou reservoir, an upper stream basin of the Hanjiang River, are further tested. (3) To assess the impact of climate change on water resources and predict the future runoff change in the Danjiangkou reservoir basin, a two-parameter water balance model is used to simulate the hydrological response for the climate change predicted by GCMs for the region for the period of 2021–2050. The results indicate that (1) at the α = 0.05 significance level precipitation in the Hanjiang basin has no trend, but the temperature in the same region has significant upward trends in most parts of the Hanjiang basin. (2) The mean annual, spring, and winter runoffs in the Danjiangkou reservoir basin have decreasing trends. (3) The results simulated for the period 2021–2050 show that runoff of the Danjiangkou reservoir would increase in all the seasons, mainly in response to the predicted precipitation increase in the region. Sensitivity analysis shows that a 1 °C and 2 °C increase in temperature would reduce the mean annual runoff to about 3.5% and 7%, respectively. A decrease/increase of the mean monthly precipitation of 20% and 10% would decrease/increase the mean annual runoff to about 30% and 15%, respectively. The results of this study provide a scientific reference not only for assessing the impact of the climate change on water resources and the flood prevention in the Hanjiang basin, but also for dimensioning the middle route of the SNWDP in China.},
  issn = {0022-1694}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_zhangqiang_2008_1,
  title = {Spatial and temporal variability of precipitation maxima during 1960-2005 in the Yangtze River basin and possible association with large-scale circulation},
  author = {Zhang, Qiang and Xu, Chong-Yu and Zhang, Zengxin and Chen, Yongqin David and Liu, Chun-ling and Lin, Hui},
  year = {2008},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
  volume = {3},
  number = {353},
  pages = {215--227},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.11.023},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {precipitation maxima; mann-kendall trend; large-scale circulation; the yangtze river basin; earth sciences},
  abstract = {This study investigated spatial and temporal patterns of trends of the precipitation maxima (defined as the annual./seasonal. maximum precipitation) in the Yangtze River basin for 1960-2005 using Mann-Kendall trend test, and explored association of changing patterns of the precipitation maxima with large-scale circulation using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data. The research results indicate changes of precipitation maxima from relative stable patterns to the significant increasing/decreasing trend in the middle 1970s. With respect to annual variability, the rainy days are decreasing and precipitation intensity is increasing, and significant increasing trend of precipitation intensity was detected in the middle and lower Yangtze River basin. Number of rain days with daily precipitation exceeding 95th and 99th percentiles and related precipitation intensities are in increasing tendency in summer. Large-scale atmospheric circulation analysis indicates decreasing strength of East Asian summer monsoon during 1975-2005 as compared to that during 1961-1974 and increasing geopotential height in the north China, South China Sea and west Pacific regions, all of which combine to negatively impact the northward propagation of the vapor flux. This circulation pattern will be beneficial for the longer stay of the Meiyu front in the Yangtze River basin, leading to more precipitation in the middle and lower Yangtze River basin in summer months. The significant increasing summer precipitation intensity and changing frequency in the rain/no-rain days in the middle and lower Yangtze River basin have potential to result in higher occurrence probability of flood and drought hazards in the region.},
  issn = {0022-1694}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dibaldassarregiuliano_2009_2,
  title = {A technique for the calibration of hydraulic models using uncertain satellite observations of flood extent},
  author = {Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and SCHUMANN, G and BATES, PD},
  year = {2009},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
  volume = {3},
  number = {367},
  pages = {276--282},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.01.020},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  abstract = {This paper presents a methodology to calibrate hydraulic models using possibility of inundation maps derived from satellite imagery. The study was performed on a river reach of the Lower Dee, UK, where a coarse resolution image (ENVISAT ASAR) and high resolution satellite image (ERS-2 SAR) were acquired at the same time during the December 2006 flood event. Ten different flood extent maps were derived from the two flood images by using five different procedures to process these data. These flood extent maps were used to perform a sensitivity analysis of a simple raster-based inundation model (LISFLOOD-FP). The sensitivity analysis enabled us to investigate the capability of the two different resolution images to calibrate the friction parameters of the flood inundation model. The analysis showed that the optimal parameters of the model depend on the type of satellite image used to evaluate the model as well as on the particular procedure used to derive the flood extent map. Finally, the study developed a novel methodology to calibrate flood inundation models by comparing the model results to a possibility of inundation map obtained by combining the ten different flood extent maps.},
  issn = {0022-1694}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_yangtao_2010,
  title = {Regional frequency analysis and spatio-temporal pattern characterization of rainfall extremes in the Pearl River Basin, China},
  author = {Yang, Tao and Shao, Quanxi and Hao, Zhen-Chun and Chen, Xi and Zhang, Zengxin and Xu, Chong-Yu and Sun, Limin},
  year = {2010},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
  volume = {3},
  number = {380},
  pages = {386--405},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.11.013},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {atmosphere and hydrosphere sciences},
  abstract = {This paper presents a method for regional frequency analysis and spatio-temporal pattern characterization of rainfall-extreme regimes (i.e. extremes, durations and timings) in the Pearl River Basin (PRB) using the well-known L-moments approach together with advanced statistical tests including stationarity test and serial correlation check, which are crucial to the valid use of L-moments for frequency analysis. Results indicate that: (1) the entire Pearl River Basin (40 sites) can be categorized into six regions by cluster analysis together with consideration of the topography and spatial patterns of mean precipitation in the basin. The results of goodness-of-fit measures indicate that the GNO, GLO, GEV, and PE3 distributions fit well for most of the basin for different HOM regions, but their performances are slightly different in term of curve fitting; (2) the estimated quantiles and their biases approximated by Monte Carlo simulation demonstrate that the results are reliable enough for the return periods of less than 100 years; (3) excessive precipitation magnitude records are observed at Guilin region of Guangxi Province and Fogang region of Guangdong Province, which have sufficient climate conditions (e.g. precipitation and humidity) responsible for the frequently occurred flood disasters in the regions. In addition, the spatial variations of precipitation in different return periods (Return period = 1, 10, 50 years to 100 years) increase from the upstream to downstream at the regional scale; (4) the seasonal patterns of precipitation extremes for different topographical regions are different. The major precipitation events of AM1R, AM3R, AM5R and AM7R in regions of low-elevation in lower (south-eastern) part of the basin occur mainly in May, June, July and August, while the main precipitation periods for the mountainous region upstream are June, July and August. Further analysis of the NCAR/NCEP reanalysis data indicates that the eastern Asian summer monsoon and typhoons (or hurricanes) are major metrological driving forces on the precipitation regimes. Additionally, topographical features (i.e. elevation, distance to the sea, and mountain’s influences) also exert different impacts on the spatial patterns of such regimes. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first attempt to conduct a systematic regional frequency analysis on various annual precipitation extremes (based on consecutive 1-, 3-, 5-, 7-day averages) and to establish the possible links to climate pattern and topographical features in the Pearl River Basin and even in China. These findings are expected to contribute to exploring the complex spatio-temporal patterns of extreme rainfall in this basin in order to reveal the underlying linkages between precipitation and floods from a broad geographical perspective. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V.},
  issn = {0022-1694}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_teutschbeinclaudia_2012,
  title = {Bias correction of regional climate model simulations for hydrological climate change impact studies: review and evaluation of different methods},
  author = {Teutschbein, Claudia and Seibert, Jan},
  year = {2012},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
  number = {456},
  pages = {12--29},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.05.052},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {rcm; bias correction; downscaling; hydrology; hbv; streamflow},
  abstract = {Despite the increasing use of regional climate model (RCM) simulations in hydrological climate-change impact studies, their application is challenging due to the risk of considerable biases. To deal with these biases, several bias correction methods have been developed recently, ranging from simple scaling to rather sophisticated approaches. This paper provides a review of available bias correction methods and demonstrates how they can be used to correct for deviations in an ensemble of 11 different RCM-simulated temperature and precipitation series. The performance of all methods was assessed in several ways: At first, differently corrected RCM data was compared to observed climate data. The second evaluation was based on the combined influence of corrected RCM-simulated temperature and precipitation on hydrological simulations of monthly mean streamflow as well as spring and autumn flood peaks for five catchments in Sweden under current (1961-1990) climate conditions. Finally, the impact on hydrological simulations based on projected future (2021-2050) climate conditions was compared for the different bias correction methods. Improvement of uncorrected RCM climate variables was achieved with all bias correction approaches. While all methods were able to correct the mean values, there were clear differences in their ability to correct other statistical properties such as standard deviation or percentiles. Simulated streamflow characteristics were sensitive to the quality of driving input data: Simulations driven with bias-corrected RCM variables fitted observed values better than simulations forced with uncorrected RCM climate variables and had more narrow variability bounds.},
  issn = {0022-1694}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_tesitomaso_2013,
  title = {Flood-driven transport of sediment, particulate organic matter, and nutrients from the Po River watershed to the Mediterranean Sea},
  author = {Tesi, Tomaso and Miserocchi, S. and Acri, F. and Langone, L. and Boldrin, A. and Hatten, J. A. and Albertazzi, S.},
  year = {2013},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
  number = {498},
  pages = {144--152},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.06.001},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {flood; sediment transport; organic matter; nutrients; po river; mediterranean watershed},
  abstract = {The Po River (Northern Italy) discharge represents a considerable input of the land-derived material entering the Mediterranean Sea. Most of its particulate and dissolved constituents are supplied to the sea in response to short-lived climate events. Although these floods exert first-order control on the transport of organic and inorganic elements, both composition and magnitude of the river material are poorly constrained during high discharge periods. In order to fill this knowledge gap, in this study we carried out an event response sampling in the Po River in November 2011. Beginning in early November, intense rainfall occurred in the Po watershed that resulted in a flood of similar to 6000 m(3) s(-1) year return period). Water samples were collected from the river before and during the flood. Dissolved nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, and silicate were measured and the particulate material was analyzed for total suspended sediment, elemental composition, delta C-13, delta N-15, grain-size, and Cs-137 activity. Our results showed a temporal decoupling between solid and water discharge implying that predicted sediment loads simply derived from sediment rating curves could potentially give rise to large errors, especially when calculations are used to understand the sediment export in response short-lived events. The suspended organic material during high flow was dominated by soil organic matter while high delta N-15 indicated the influence of an additional N-15-enriched source (e.g., manure, sewage, and algal biomass) during low discharge. Because the concentrations of nitrite and ammonia were positively correlated with the content of particulate material in suspension, we inferred that nitrite and ammonia concentrations were driven by either bacteria activity (ammonification-nitrification) or ionic exchange whose rates were proportional to concentration of the suspended material. In addition, due to the dilution with nitrate-poor rainfall, the concentration of nitrate decreased with increasing water discharge. High concentrations of nitrate were instead attributable to the influx of nitrate-rich water from groundwater that is chronically contaminated and constitutes most of the baseflow during low flow. Our results indicate that the event-dominated transport in the Po drainage basin is particularly important for the organic matter supply as flood events account for at least one-third of the particulate annual export (organic carbon and nitrogen). Finally, this study has demonstrated the utility of event-response sampling for understanding the importance of event-dominated transport in rivers.},
  issn = {0022-1694}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_chengqinbo_2014,
  title = {Improvement and comparison of likelihood functions for model calibration and parameter uncertainty analysis within a Markov chain Monte Carlo scheme},
  author = {Cheng, Qin-Bo and Chen, Xi and Xu, Chong-Yu and Reinhardt-Imjela, Christian and Schulte, Achim},
  year = {2014},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
  number = {519},
  pages = {2202--2214},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.10.008},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {bayesian inference; box–cox transformation; nash–sutcliffe efficiency coefficient; generalized error distribution; swat-wb-vsa},
  abstract = {Summary In this study, the likelihood functions for uncertainty analysis of hydrological models are compared and improved through the following steps: (1) the equivalent relationship between the Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency coefficient (NSE) and the likelihood function with Gaussian independent and identically distributed residuals is proved; (2) a new estimation method of the Box–Cox transformation (BC) parameter is developed to improve the effective elimination of the heteroscedasticity of model residuals; and (3) three likelihood functions—NSE, Generalized Error Distribution with BC (BC-GED) and Skew Generalized Error Distribution with BC (BC-SGED)—are applied for SWAT-WB-VSA (Soil and Water Assessment Tool – Water Balance – Variable Source Area) model calibration in the Baocun watershed, Eastern China. Performances of calibrated models are compared using the observed river discharges and groundwater levels. The result shows that the minimum variance constraint can effectively estimate the BC parameter. The form of the likelihood function significantly impacts on the calibrated parameters and the simulated results of high and low flow components. SWAT-WB-VSA with the NSE approach simulates flood well, but baseflow badly owing to the assumption of Gaussian error distribution, where the probability of the large error is low, but the small error around zero approximates equiprobability. By contrast, SWAT-WB-VSA with the BC-GED or BC-SGED approach mimics baseflow well, which is proved in the groundwater level simulation. The assumption of skewness of the error distribution may be unnecessary, because all the results of the BC-SGED approach are nearly the same as those of the BC-GED approach.},
  issn = {0022-1694}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_orthrene_2015,
  title = {Does model performance improve with complexity?: A case study with three hydrological models},
  author = {Orth, Rene and Staudinger, Maria and Seneviratne, Sonia I. and Seibert, J. and Zappa, Massimiliano},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
  number = {523},
  pages = {147--159},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.01.044},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {continuous simulation; evapotranspiration; flood estimation; hydrological model comparison; regionalization; runoff-model; runoff validation; simple conceptual model as benchmark; soil-moisture memory; soil moisture validation; switzerland; ungauged mesoscale catchments; variability; water-balance},
  abstract = {In recent decades considerable progress has been made in climate model development. Following the massive increase in computational power, models became more sophisticated. At the same time also simple conceptual models have advanced. In this study we validate and compare three hydrological models of different complexity to investigate whether their performance varies accordingly. For this purpose we use runoff and also soil moisture measurements, which allow a truly independent validation, from several sites across Switzerland. The models are calibrated in similar ways with the same runoff data. Our results show that the more complex models HBV and PREVAH outperform the simple water balance model (SWBM) in case of runoff but not for soil moisture. Furthermore the most sophisticated PREVAH model shows an added value compared to the HBV model only in case of soil moisture. Focusing on extreme events we find generally improved performance of the SWBM during drought conditions and degraded agreement with observations during wet extremes. For the more complex models we find the opposite behavior, probably because they were primarily developed for prediction of runoff extremes. As expected given their complexity, HBV and PREVAH have more problems with over-fitting. All models show a tendency towards better performance in lower altitudes as opposed to (pre-) alpine sites. The results vary considerably across the investigated sites. In contrast, the different metrics we consider to estimate the agreement between models and observations lead to similar conclusions, indicating that the performance of the considered models is similar at different time scales as well as for anomalies and long-term means. We conclude that added complexity does not necessarily lead to improved performance of hydrological models, and that performance can vary greatly depending on the considered hydrological variable (e.g. runoff vs. soil moisture) or hydrological conditions (floods vs. droughts). (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.},
  issn = {0022-1694}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_vanvlietmichelleth_2015,
  title = {European scale climate information services for water use sectors},
  author = {van Vliet, Michelle T. H. and Donnelly, Chantal and Strömbäck, Lena and Capell, Réne and Ludwig, Fulco},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
  number = {528},
  pages = {503--513},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.06.060},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier},
  keywords = {vic; e-hype; flood; hydropower; climate change; hydrology; hydrologi},
  abstract = {This study demonstrates a climate information service for pan-European water use sectors that are vulnerable to climate change induced hydrological changes, including risk and safety (disaster preparedness), agriculture, energy (hydropower and cooling water use for thermoelectric power) and environment (water quality). To study the climate change impacts we used two different hydrological models forced with an ensemble of bias-corrected general circulation model (GCM) output for both the lowest (2.6) and highest (8.5) representative concentration pathways (RCP). Selected indicators of water related vulnerability for each sector were then calculated from the hydrological model results. Our results show a distinct north-south divide in terms of climate change impacts; in the south the water availability will reduce while in the north water availability will increase. Across different climate models precipitation and streamflow increase in northern Europe and decrease in southern Europe, but the latitude at which this change occurs varies depending on the GCM. Hydrological extremes are increasing over large parts of Europe. The agricultural sector will be affected by reduced water availability (in the south) and increased drought. Both streamflow and soil moistures droughts are projected to increase in most parts of Europe except in northern Scandinavia and the Alps. The energy sector will be affected by lower hydropower potential in most European countries and reduced cooling water availability due to higher water temperatures and reduced summer river flows. Our results show that in particular in the Mediterranean the pressures are high because of increasing drought which will have large impacts on both the agriculture and energy sectors. In France and Italy this is combined with increased flood hazards. Our results show important impacts of climate change on European water use sectors indicating a clear need for adaptation. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V.},
  issn = {0022-1694}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_vivirolidaniel_2015,
  title = {Can a regionalized model parameterisation be improved with a limited number of runoff measurements?},
  author = {Viviroli, Daniel and Seibert, J.},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
  number = {529},
  pages = {49--61},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.07.009},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {calibration; continuous simulation; ensemble prediction; flood estimation; hydrological climate-impact; hydrological modelling; mountainous catchments; regionalisation; runoff measurements; similarity; swiss alps; switzerland; uncertainty; ungauged mesoscale catchments; value of data},
  abstract = {Application of hydrological models to ungauged basins is both a highly relevant and challenging task. While research has brought forth various approaches for inferring or transferring tuneable model parameters from gauged and calibrated catchments, it has also been recently shown that a few short measurements can support predictions in an ungauged basin by constraining the acceptable range of the parameters. For the present study, we examined a combination of both parameter regionalisation and short-term runoff measurements. More precisely, we attempted to select complete parameter sets from a range of calibrated catchments using a few measurements. Then, we tested a number of ways to combine the hydrographs simulated with these parameter sets with those simulated using a well-established Nearest Neighbour scheme, in order to make use of both actually measured runoff data as well as hydrological similarity. The experimental basis for our study were 49 representative catchments in Switzerland which have been successfully calibrated and regionalised with the hydrological modelling system PREVAH. Results show that even a few short measurements during mean runoff conditions can lead to models that are more efficient than those achieved with hydrological similarity alone. The possible improvement depends largely on the regime type of the catchment examined. Also, the most suitable season to perform measurements varies: In catchments dominated by snow melt or ice melt or both, considerable improvements can be achieved with as few as two measurements during spring or summer, whereas rainfall-dominated catchments show only moderate improvements with no particular season being more suitable for the measurements. Our findings highlight the value of field measurements in mountain areas. The information gained in these regions from short measurements may act as a counterbalance to the sparse operational observation networks. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
  issn = {0022-1694}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mattibettina_2016,
  title = {On the variability of cold region flooding},
  author = {Matti, Bettina and Dahlke, Helen E. and Lyon, Steve W.},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
  number = {534},
  pages = {669--679},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.01.055},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {flood generation; sweden sub-arctic; trend analysis; mann–kendall test; gumbel distribution},
  abstract = {Cold region hydrological systems exhibit complex interactions with both climate and the cryosphere. Improving knowledge on that complexity is essential to determine drivers of extreme events and to predict changes under altered climate conditions. This is particularly true for cold region flooding where independent shifts in both precipitation and temperature can have significant influence on high flows. This study explores changes in the magnitude and the timing of streamflow in 18 Swedish Sub-Arctic catchments over their full record periods available and a common period (1990–2013). The Mann–Kendall trend test was used to estimate changes in several hydrological signatures (e.g. annual maximum daily flow, mean summer flow, snowmelt onset). Further, trends in the flood frequency were determined by fitting an extreme value type I (Gumbel) distribution to test selected flood percentiles for stationarity using a generalized least squares regression approach.Results highlight shifts from snowmelt-dominated to rainfall-dominated flow regimes with all significant trends (at the 5% significance level) pointing toward (1) lower magnitudes in the spring flood; (2) earlier flood occurrence; (3) earlier snowmelt onset; and (4) decreasing mean summer flows. Decreasing trends in flood magnitude and mean summer flows suggest widespread permafrost thawing and are supported by increasing trends in annual minimum daily flows. Trends in selected flood percentiles showed an increase in extreme events over the full periods of record (significant for only four catchments), while trends were variable over the common period of data among the catchments. An uncertainty analysis emphasizes that the observed trends are highly sensitive to the period of record considered. As such, no clear overall regional hydrological response pattern could be determined suggesting that catchment response to regionally consistent changes in climatic drivers is strongly influenced by their physical characteristics.},
  issn = {0022-1694}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_sikorskaae_2018,
  title = {Value of different precipitation data for flood prediction in an alpine catchment: A Bayesian approach},
  author = {Sikorska, A. E. and Seibert, Jan},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
  number = {556},
  pages = {961--971},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.06.031},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {precipitation uncertainty; station network precipitation; interpolated grid precipitation; radar-based precipitation; flood prediction; bayesian approach},
  abstract = {Flooding induced by heavy precipitation is one of the most severe natural hazards in alpine catchments. To accurately predict such events, accurate and representative precipitation data are required. Estimating catchment precipitation is, however, difficult due to its high spatial, and, in the mountains, elevation-dependent variability. These inaccuracies, together with runoff model limitations, translate into uncertainty in runoff estimates. Thus, in this study, we investigate the value of three precipitation datasets, commonly used in hydrological studies, i.e., station network precipitation (SNP), interpolated grid precipitation (IGP) and radar-based precipitation (RBP), for flood predictions in an alpine catchment. To quantify their effects on runoff simulations, we perform a Bayesian uncertainty analysis with an improved description of model systematic errors. By using periods of different lengths for model calibration, we explore the information content of these three datasets for runoff predictions. Our results from an alpine catchment showed that using SNP resulted in the largest predictive uncertainty and the lowest model performance evaluated by the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency. This performance improved from 0.674 to 0.774 with IGP, and to 0.829 with RBP. The latter two datasets were also much more informative than SNP, as half as many calibration data points were required to obtain a good model performance. Thus, our results show that the various types of precipitation data differ in their value for flood predictions in an alpine catchment and indicate RBP as the most useful dataset.},
  issn = {0022-1694}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_skrzypekgrzegorz_2016,
  title = {Groundwater seepage controls salinity in a hydrologically terminal basin of semi-arid northwest Australia},
  author = {Skrzypek, Grzegorz and Dogramaci, Shawan and Rouillard, Alexandra and Grierson, Pauline F.},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
  number = {542},
  pages = {627--636},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.09.033},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {evaporation model; water balance; hydrochemistry; remote-sensing; fortescue marsh; pilbara},
  abstract = {Very small groundwater outflows have the potential to significantly impact the hydrochemistry and salt accumulation processes of notionally terminal basins in arid environments. However, this limited groundwater outflow can be very difficult to quantify using classical water budget calculations due to large uncertainties in estimates of evaporation and evapotranspiration rates from the surface of dry lake beds. In this study, we used a dimensionless time evaporation model to estimate the range of groundwater outflow required to maintain salinity levels observed at the Fortescue Marsh (FM), one of the largest wetlands of semi-arid northwest Australia (∼1100 km2). The groundwater outflow from aquifers underlying the FM to the Lower Fortescue catchment is constrained by an extremely low hydraulic gradient of <0.0001 and a small ‘alluvial outlet’ of 0.35 km2 because of relatively high bedrock elevation. However, FM groundwater salinity is far below saturation with respect to halite (TDS < 160 g/L), episodic flood water is fresh to brackish, and salt efflorescences are very sparse and evident only when the FM is dry. We show that if the FM was 100% “leakage free” i.e., a true terminal basin, groundwater would have achieved halite saturation (>300 g/L) after ∼45 ka. We calculated that only a very small seepage of ∼2G L/yr (∼0.03% of the FM water volume) is sufficient to maintain current salinity conditions. The minimum time required to develop the current hydrochemical groundwater composition under the FM ranges from ∼60 to ∼165 ka. We conclude that a dimensionless time evaporation model versus inflow over outflow ratio model is likely more suitable than classical water budget calculations for determining outflow from large saline lakes and to estimate groundwater seepage from hydrologically terminal basins.},
  issn = {0022-1694}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_reynoldseduardo_2017,
  title = {Sub-daily runoff predictions using parameters calibrated on the basis of data with a daily temporal resolution},
  author = {Reynolds, Eduardo and Halldin, Sven and Xu, Chong-Yu and Seibert, Jan and Kauffeldt, Anna},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
  number = {550},
  pages = {399--411},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.05.012},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {rainfall-runoff modelling; parameter transferability; temporal resolution; modelling time-step; flood forecasting},
  abstract = {Concentration times in small and medium-sized basins (similar to 10-1000 km(2)) are commonly less than 24 h. Flood-forecasting models are thus required to provide simulations at high temporal resolutions (1 h-6 h), although time-series of input and runoff data with sufficient lengths are often only available at the daily temporal resolution, especially in developing countries. This has led to study the relationships of estimated parameter values at the temporal resolutions where they are needed from the temporal resolutions where they are available. This study presents a methodology to treat empirically model parameter dependencies on the temporal resolution of data in two small basins using a bucket-type hydrological model, HBV-light, and the generalised likelihood uncertainty estimation approach for selecting its parameters. To avoid artefacts due to the numerical resolution or numerical method of the differential equations within the model, the model was consistently run using modelling time steps of one-hour regardless of the temporal resolution of the rainfall-runoff data. The distribution of the parameters calibrated at several temporal resolutions in the two basins did not show model parameter dependencies on the temporal resolution of data and the direct transferability of calibrated parameter sets (e.g., daily) for runoff simulations at other temporal resolutions for which they were not calibrated (e.g., 3 h or 6 h) resulted in a moderate (if any) decrease in model performance, in terms of Nash-Sutcliffe and volume-error efficiencies. The results of this study indicate that if sub-daily forcing data can be secured, flood forecasting in basins with sub-daily concentration times may be possible with model-parameter values calibrated from long time series of daily data. Further studies using more models and basins are required to test the generality of these results.},
  issn = {0022-1694}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_sikorskaae_2018_1,
  title = {Effective precipitation duration for runoff peaks based on catchment modelling},
  author = {Sikorska, A. E. and Viviroli, D. and Seibert, J.},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
  number = {556},
  pages = {510--522},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.11.028},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {effective precipitation duration; flood events; annual peaks; seasonal peaks; flood type; fuzzy approach},
  abstract = {Despite precipitation intensities may greatly vary during one flood event, detailed information about these intensities may not be required to accurately simulate floods with a hydrological model which rather reacts to cumulative precipitation sums. This raises two questions: to which extent is it important to preserve sub-daily precipitation intensities and how long does it effectively rain from the hydrological point of view? Both questions might seem straightforward to answer with a direct analysis of past precipitation events but require some arbitrary choices regarding the length of a precipitation event. To avoid these arbitrary decisions, here we present an alternative approach to characterize the effective length of precipitation event which is based on runoff simulations with respect to large floods. More precisely, we quantify the fraction of a day over which the daily precipitation has to be distributed to faithfully reproduce the large annual and seasonal floods which were generated by the hourly precipitation rate time series. New precipitation time series were generated by first aggregating the hourly observed data into daily totals and then evenly distributing them over sub-daily periods (n hours). These simulated time series were used as input to a hydrological bucket-type model and the resulting runoff flood peaks were compared to those obtained when using the original precipitation time series. We define then the effective daily precipitation duration as the number of hours n, for which the largest peaks are simulated best. For nine mesoscale Swiss catchments this effective daily precipitation duration was about half a day, which indicates that detailed information on precipitation intensities is not necessarily required to accurately estimate peaks of the largest annual and seasonal floods. These findings support the use of simple disaggregation approaches to make usage of past daily precipitation observations or daily precipitation simulations (e.g. from climate models) for hydrological modeling at an hourly time step.},
  issn = {0022-1694}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mazzolenimaurizio_2019,
  title = {Evaluating precipitation datasets for large-scale distributed hydrological modelling},
  author = {Mazzoleni, Maurizio and Brandimarte, Luigia and Amaranto, Alessandro},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
  number = {578},
  pages = {578},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.124076},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: ELSEVIER},
  keywords = {distributed hydrological modelling; precipitation datasets; large-scale basins; flood estimation},
  abstract = {We are experiencing a proliferation of satellite derived precipitation datasets. Advantages and limitations of their promising application in hydrological modelling application have been broadly investigated. However, most studies have analysed only the performance of one or few datasets, were limited to selected small-scale case studies or used lumped models when investigating large-scale basins. In this study, we compared the performance of 18 different precipitation datasets when used as main forcing in a grid-based distributed hydrological model to assess streamfiow in medium to large-scale river basins. These datasets are classified as Uncorrected Satellites (Class 1), Corrected Satellites (Class 2) and Reanalysis - Gauges based datasets (Class 3). To provide a broad-based analysis, 8 large-scale river basins (Amazon, Brahmaputra, Congo, Danube, Godavari, Mississippi, Rhine and Volga) having different sizes, hydrometeorological characteristics, and human influence were selected. The distributed hydrological model was recalibrated for each precipitation dataset individually. We found that there is not a unique best performing precipitation dataset for all basins and that results are very sensitive to the basin characteristics. However, a few datasets persistently outperform the others: SM2RAIN-ASCAT for Class 1, CHIRPS V2.0, MSWEP V2.1, and CMORPH-CRTV1.0 for Class 2, GPCC and WFEDEI GPCC for Class 3. Surprisingly, precipitation datasets showing the highest model accuracy at basin outlets do not show the same high performance in internal locations, supporting the use of distributed modelling approach rather than lumped.},
  issn = {0022-1694}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_gux_2020,
  title = {Impacts of anthropogenic warming and uneven regional socio-economic development on global river flood risk},
  author = {Gu, X. and Zhang, Q. and Li, J. and Chen, Deliang and Singh, V. P. and Zhang, Y. and Liu, J. and Shen, Z. and Yu, H.},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
  number = {590},
  pages = {590},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125262},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {flood exposures; global warming; multi-model framework; socio-economic development; economic and social effects; regional planning; anthropogenic warming; extreme flood; flood magnitudes; gross domestic products; population exposure; regional economic growths; river floods; floods; anthropogenic aspects and related phenomena; economic growth; extreme event; flood; global perspective; risk assessment; socioeconomic conditions; far east; south asia},
  abstract = {Employing a multi-model framework, we estimate the impacts of contrasting warming levels and uneven regional socio-economic development on area, population and gross domestic product (GDP) exposures to flood magnitude and variability in global Flood-Affected Regions (FARs). These exposures to flood variability show persistent increases in FARs, but to flood magnitude only in East and South Asia. Globally, the increases in these exposures are not projected in moderate but extreme floods. Specifically, the areal exposure would be decreased (increased) by 1.8%/°C (1.9%/°C) for moderate (extreme) floods; the reduced population exposure to extreme floods can be three times higher than that to moderate floods when limiting 2 °C to 1.5 °C warming. Rapid regional economic growth of East and South Asia (whose GDP accounts for 9.8% of FARs in year 2000 to 18.5% in year 2025) would shift global GDP exposure from a decrease of 2.5%/°C to an increase of 1.7%/°C. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.},
  issn = {0022-1694}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_yunxiaobo_2020,
  title = {Impacts of climate change and reservoir operation on streamflow and flood characteristics in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin},
  author = {Yun, Xiaobo and Tang, Qiuhong and Wang, Jie and Liu, Xingcai and Zhang, Yongqiang and Lu, Hui and Wang, Yueling and Zhang, Lu and Chen, Deliang},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
  number = {590},
  pages = {590},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125472},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {attribution; climate change; reservoirs; streamflow change; the lancang-mekong river basin},
  abstract = {© 2020 Elsevier B.V. The Lancang-Mekong River Basin (LMRB) is one of the most important transboundary river basins in Asia. While climate change perturbs the streamflow and affects flood events, reservoir operation may mitigate or aggravate this impact. Therefore, quantitative assessment of the climate change impact and reservoir effect on the LMRB is a vital prerequisite for future hydropower development and environmental protection. This study aimed to estimate the variation of the streamflow and flood characteristics affected by climate change and reservoir operation within the LMRB. A reservoir module was incorporated into the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model to simulate the streamflow susceptible to the reservoirs. It was found that the reservoirs had a substantial influence on the streamflow during 2008–2016, when many reservoirs were constructed in the LMRB. The reservoirs across the Lancang River (the upper Mekong River located in China) reduced the annual average streamflow by 5% at Chiang Sean station (northern Thailand) in 2008–2016, whereas their influence became undetectable downstream of Vientiane station (northern Laos). The streamflow changes downstream of Mukdahan station at southern Laos (including the stations in Cambodia and southern Vietnam) were mainly attributed to the local reservoirs and climate change. Compared with the baseline period of 1985–2007, the upstream reservoir operation dramatically affected streamflow at the midstream stations with higher dry season streamflow (+15% to +37%), but lower wet season streamflow was less affected (−2% to −24%) in 2008–2016. Climate change increased the magnitude and frequency of the flood by up to 14% and 45%, respectively, whereas the reservoir operation reduced them by 16% and 36%, respectively. Our findings provide insights into the interaction between climate change and reservoir operation and their integrated effects on the streamflow, informing and supporting water management and hydropower development in the LMRB.},
  issn = {0022-1694}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_franceschiniscristiano_2021,
  title = {Heterogeneity in flood risk awareness: A longitudinal, latent class model approach},
  author = {Franceschinis, Cristiano and Thiene, Mara and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Mondino, Elena and Scolobig, Anna and Borga, Marco},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
  number = {599},
  pages = {599},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126255},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {attitudes towards structural flood protection; flood risk awareness; latent class cluster models},
  abstract = {Insights into the heterogeneity of human behaviours and attitudes toward risk require the understanding of the role played by a plurality of factors, such as risk awareness and trust. However, our knowledge of the interplay of these factors is limited, as is our knowledge of the patterns in risk attitudes and behaviours and their evolution over time. This study explores the interplay between attitudes and behaviours related to flood risk awareness and structural flood protection in two communities in the Eastern Italian Alps, and how they changed over time. To this end, a questionnaire was submitted to a total of 420 residents, in the year 2005 (N = 200) and 2018 (N = 220), and then analysed using Latent Class Analysis. No floods were recorded in the area during this period. The results show that there is a group of residents characterized by low risk awareness and high trust in structural flood protection. Such individuals are likely to live in urban - rather than mountain - communities and are characterized by a lack of or limited experience with floods. They are also prone to believe that such events will not happen in the future. In 2005, this group represented less than half of the sample, but its size substantially increased in 2018. This result has strong implications for local risk managers, because this group of residents is less risk aware than the others and they may deserve special attention and targeted messages in flood risk communication campaigns. This and other results are discussed, including the potential development of generalizable models to provide emergency and risk managers with tools to unveil risk awareness patterns and to tailor risk communication actions to citizens attitudes and behaviours. The paper ends with some considerations about the need not only to better understand but also to address diversity in flood risk awareness.},
  issn = {0022-1694}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_leixinxiang_2021,
  title = {Urban flood modeling using deep-learning approaches in Seoul, South Korea},
  author = {Lei, Xinxiang and Chen, Wei and Panahi, Mahdi and Falah, Fatemeh and Rahmati, Omid and Uuemaa, Evelyn and Kalantari, Zahra and Santos Ferreira, Carla Sofia and Rezaie, Fatemeh and Tiefenbacher, John P. and Lee, Saro and Bian, Huiyuan},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
  number = {601},
  pages = {601},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126684},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {flood inundation; cities; gis; deep-learning; predictors},
  abstract = {Identification of flood-prone sites in urban environments is necessary, but there is insufficient hydraulic information and time series data on surface runoff. To date, several attempts have been made to apply deep-learning models for flood hazard mapping in urban areas. This study evaluated the capability of convolutional neural network (NNETC) and recurrent neural network (NNETR) models for flood hazard mapping. A flood-inundation inventory (including 295 flooded sites) was used as the response variable and 10 flood-affecting factors were considered as the predictor variables. Flooded sites were then spatially randomly split in a 70:30 ratio for building flood models and for validation purposes. The prediction quality of the models was validated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and root mean square error (RMSE). The validation results indicated that prediction performance of the NNETC model (AUC = 84%, RMSE = 0.163) was slightly better than that of the NNETR model (AUC = 82%, RMSE = 0.186). Both models indicated that terrain ruggedness index was the most important predictor, followed by slope and elevation. Although the model output had a relative error of up to 20% (based on AUC), this modeling approach could still be used as a reliable and rapid tool to generate a flood hazard map for urban areas, provided that a flood inundation inventory is available.},
  issn = {0022-1694}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_petterssonkaj_2021,
  title = {Contribution of dynamic capillary pressure to rainfall infiltration in thin homogeneous growth substrates},
  author = {Pettersson, Kaj and Maggiolo, Dario and Sasic, Srdjan and Johansson, Pär and Sasic Kalagasidis, Angela},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
  number = {603},
  pages = {603},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126851},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {dynamic capillary pressure; microstructure; porous media; lattice boltzmann; green roof},
  abstract = {The use of green roofs to help mitigate storm water contributions to urban flooding has been gaining popularity but is hindered by the limited data on the performance of such roofs with regard to storm water runoff mitigation. The underlying issue stems from the inherent complexity of modeling subsurface multiphase flow. Modeling of this phenomena requires calculating the contributions of substrate microstructure characteristics, the influence of the wetting and non-wetting phases upon each other, and the effect of the microstructure on the wetting phase. Previously we have observed how the microstructure can affect detention, however the quantification of this relationship is still missing. In the present paper we present numerical simulations of wetting phase infiltration of a thin monodisperse packed bed in order to understand and quantify the impact of microstructure geometry on storm water infiltration of a green roof substrate. For a slightly hydrophilic case, (θ=82°), we find that a dominant mechanism underlying this relationship is the microstructure-induced dynamic behavior of the capillary pressure. We determine that at larger packing ratios (ratio of packed bed depth to particle size), the influence of hydraulic head diminishes and behaves conversely for thinner layers, particularly when larger pores are present. Indeed, thin beds composed of large particles can exhibit high flow velocities that in turn affect the capillary pressure within the substrate. We observe that the capillary pressure can shift from negative values denoting capillary suction to positive ones which cause valve-like blocking effects on the flow; dependent upon the flow velocity as determined by the microstructure. In particular, we find that the capillary pressure depends on the value of the pore-scale gravity-induced flow velocity, quantified through a characteristic Capillary number. The provided quantification of this relationship can be invaluable from a design perspective to understand the behavior of capillary pressure of different substrates under a variety of flow rates prior to testing substrate candidates. In addition, a comparison of the behavior of the dynamic component of capillary pressure to other works is undertaken. Flow homogeneity is also found to be linked to the flow velocity, and consequently to the microstructure.},
  issn = {0022-1694}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_wangjie_2022,
  title = {Impacts of Summer Monsoons on flood characteristics in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin},
  author = {Wang, Jie and Tang, Qiuhong and Chen, Aifang and Tang, Yin and Xu, Ximeng and Yun, Xiaobo and Mu, Mengfei and Wright, Nigel and Chen, Deliang},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
  number = {604},
  pages = {604},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.127256},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {flood characteristics; indian summer monsoon; lancang-mekong river basin; vic model; western north pacific monsoon},
  abstract = {The impact of monsoon on rainfall in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin (LMRB) has been well understood, but its impact on flood characteristic across the basin is still unclear. To investigate this impact, the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrological model was used to generate the basin-wide discharge and extract flood characteristics. Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM), Western North Pacific Monsoon (WNPM), and their combined effect (ISWN) were considered and represented by monsoon index. The monsoon impact area was firstly obtained based on the monsoon impact on rainfall, followed by the anomaly analyses of flood characteristics within the impact area to quantify the monsoon impact on floods at local and spatial scales. The results show that the ISM and WNPM (or ISWN) can significantly modulate up to 20% of the rainfall interannual variability in the western and eastern parts of the basin, respectively. The monsoon impact on flood is regionally distributed with impact in tributary larger than mainstream. Over half of the monsoon impact areas show the flood start date averagely advances (delays) 8–12 days, flood volume averagely increases (decreases) by 9%–17.5% and Q10 averagely increases (decreases) by 7.4%–14.4% during the strong (weak) monsoon years. Also, the comparisons between monsoon local and spatial impacts reveal that the trade-off of water from different areas can disturb the monsoon impact on flood, suggesting that more stations should be used when using the observed data to analyze the monsoon impact. More importantly, the ISM tends to cause the severe flood in northern Thailand, while WNPM and ISWN mainly induce the severe flood in the southeastern part of the LMRB. This study could help to increase the knowledge of the impact of climate change on flood and help with the regional flood managements.},
  issn = {0022-1694}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_panahimahdi_2022,
  title = {Large-scale dynamic flood monitoring in an arid-zone floodplain using SAR data and hybrid machine-learning models},
  author = {Panahi, Mahdi and Rahmati, Omid and Kalantari, Zahra and Darabi, Hamid and Rezaie, Fatemeh and Moghaddam, Davoud Davoudi and Santos Ferreira, Carla Sofia and Foody, Giles and Aliramaee, Ramyar and Bateni, Sayed M. and Lee, Chang-Wook and Lee, Saro},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
  number = {611},
  pages = {128001},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128001},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {flooding; natural disasters; spatial prediction},
  abstract = {Although the growing number of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellites has increased their application in flood-extent mapping, predictive models for the analysis of flood dynamics that are independent of sensor characteristics must be developed to fully extract information from SAR images for flood mitigation. This study aimed to develop hybrid machine-learning models for flood mapping in the Ahvaz region, Iran, based on SAR data. Each hybrid model consists of a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm coupled with one of the following metaheuristic optimization procedures: grey wolf optimization (GWO), differential evolution, and the imperialist competitive algorithm. Sentinel-1 acquired SAR images before and during flooding between 20 March and 26 May of 2019. The goodness-of-fit level and predictive capability of each model were scrutinized using overall accuracy, producer accuracy, and user accuracy. The SVM-GWO approach yielded the highest accuracy with overall accuracies of 96.07% and 93.39% in the training and validation steps, respectively. Furthermore, this hybrid model provided the most accurate classification of water-inundation class based on producer accuracy (96.67%) and user accuracy (95.05%). The results highlight that wetland is the last land-use/land-cover type to return to normal conditions due to the many previously dry oxbow lakes that could trap water for a long time. Furthermore, the nine most suitable sites for flood-protection structures (e.g., embankments and levees) were identified based on floodwater distribution analysis. This work describes a robust, data-parsimonious approach that will benefit flood mitigation studies seeking to identify the most suitable locations for embankments based on spatio-temporal flood dynamics.},
  issn = {0022-1694}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_xiongjh_2022,
  title = {Past and future terrestrial water storage changes in the lower Mekong River basin: The influences of climatic and non-climatic factors},
  author = {Xiong, J. H. and Guo, S. L. and Chen, Deliang and Zhong, Y. L. and Liu, B. S. and Yin, J. B.},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
  number = {612},
  pages = {612},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128275},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {terrestrial water storage; climate variability and change; human; activities; future projection; lower mekong river basin; bias correction; uncertainty; variability; resources; impacts; trends; growth; cycle; engineering; water resources},
  abstract = {Climate change and human activity such as reservoir operation have altered the hydrological system in the transboundary Mekong River basin (MRB) over decades, urging a need to assess the historical changes and future projections of freshwater availability. Here we examined changes of terrestrial water storage anomalies (TWSA) from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment satellites in the lower MRB during 2003-2020, and subse-quently partitioned and attributed them into climate-driven and non-climate-driven components using the WaterGAP hydrological model (WGHM) with and without consideration of human activities, together with a statistical method driven by climatic forcing only. Further, integrated future TWSA was projected under different climate change scenarios during 2030-2099 forced with four downscaled and bias-corrected simulations of four global climate models. Results show a decreasing TWSA trend of-3.7 +/- 1.8 mm/a during 2003-2020. The WGHM-based climate-driven TWSA, which is highly correlated with the statistical modeling results, and non -climate-driven part suggests a trend of-0.3 +/- 1.4 and 0.01 +/- 0.07 mm/a during 2003-2016, respectively. The climate-driven TWSA is well explained by the changes in decreasing precipitation (-1.3 +/- 8.5 mm/a) and increasing air temperature (0.05 +/- 0.02 celcius/a) spatially and temporally, while the non-climate-driven component is closely linked to human activities such as growing sectoral human withdrawal (0.13 +/- 0.14 mm/a), increasing reservoir regulation (0.01 +/- 0.08 mm/a), and changing land cover. TWSA under future climate changes is projected to increase from 9.3 +/- 21.4 to 12.2 +/- 12.2 mm and from 1.6 +/- 41.2 to 12.3 +/- 30 mm in the near (2040-2059) and far future (2080-2099) under various scenarios comparing with the historical period (2003-2020). Future flood potential, estimated with TWSA and precipitation, was also projected to increase. This study provides important inferences for decision-makers and stakeholders to better understand the water cycle and manage water resources in a changing environment.},
  issn = {0022-1694}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_khosravikhabat_2023,
  title = {Soil water erosion susceptibility assessment using deep learning algorithms},
  author = {Khosravi, Khabat and Rezaie, Fatemeh and Cooper, James R. and Kalantari, Zahra and Abolfathi, Soroush and Hatamiafkoueieh, Javad},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
  number = {618},
  pages = {129229},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129229},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {soil erosion; deep learning; land degradation; cnn; rnn; lstm},
  abstract = {Accurate assessment of soil water erosion (SWE) susceptibility is critical for reducing land degradation and soil loss, and for mitigating the negative impacts of erosion on ecosystem services, water quality, flooding and infrastructure. Deep learning algorithms have been gaining attention in geoscience due to their high performance and flexibility. However, an understanding of the potential for these algorithms to provide fast, cheap, and accurate predictions of soil erosion susceptibility is lacking. This study provides the first quantification of this potential. Spatial predictions of susceptibility are made using three deep learning algorithms - Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) - for an Iranian catchment that has historically experienced severe water erosion. Through a comparison of their predictive performance and an analysis of the driving geo-environmental factors, the results reveal: (1) elevation was the most effective variable on SWE susceptibility; (2) all three developed models had good prediction performance, with RNN being marginally the most superior; (3) maps of SWE susceptibility revealed that almost 40 % of the catchment was highly or very highly susceptible to SWE and 20 % moderately susceptible, indicating the critical need for soil erosion control in this catchment. Through these algorithms, the soil erosion susceptibility of catchments can potentially be predicted accurately and with ease using readily available data. Thus, the results reveal that these models have great potential for use in data poor catchments, such as the one studied here, especially in developing nations where technical modeling skills and understanding of the erosion processes occurring in the catchment may be lacking.},
  issn = {0022-1694}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dongzhen_2023,
  title = {Mapping inundation extents in Poyang Lake area using Sentinel-1 data and transformer-based change detection method},
  author = {Dong, Zhen and Liang, Zifan and Wang, Guojie and Amankwah, Solomon Obiri Yeboah and Feng, Donghan and Wei, Xikun and Duan, Zheng},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
  number = {620},
  pages = {620},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129455},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  abstract = {Accurate and timely mapping of inundation extents during flood periods is essential for disaster evaluation and development of rescue strategies. With unique advantages over the optical sensors (e.g., little effect of clouds, and observations at day and night), Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors provide an important data source for mapping inundation, particularly during flood periods. Freely available SAR images from Sentinel-1 have been increasingly used for many applications. This study applied an efficient transformer-based change detection method, bitemporal image transformer (BiT) with bitemporal Sentniel-1 images, to map inundation extents and evolution in Poyang Lake area in 2020. The transformer-based change detection method firstly adopted ResNet for high-level semantic features extraction, and applied a transformer mechanism to refine these features pixel-wise, followed by employing a FCN as the prediction head for generating the results of change detection. Besides, we constructed a water change detection dataset with spatial-and-temporal generalization from bitemporal Sentinel-1 images; this dataset consists of the seasonal variation water samples of Poyang Lake for years. We compared the results from the BiT method with other convolutional neural network (CNN) based methods (STANets and SNUNet). Mapped inundation extents were evaluated with the ground truth visually derived from high spatial resolution images. The evaluation showed the BiT method generated high accurate mapped inundation extents with the F1-score of 95.5%. The BiT model has proven its superior performance in detecting increased water. Based on the results of the BiT method, the variation of inundation extents in Poyang Lake during May-November 2020 was further analyzed. It was found that the water surface coverage of Poyang Lake is the smallest in late May; it gradually increased to the maximum on 14th July, and then began to stabilize and show a significant downward trend before November. The flood distribution map shows that cultivated land has been inundated with the largest area of approximately 600 km2.},
  issn = {0022-1694}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_barendrechtmh_2024,
  title = {Modelling the role of multiple risk attitudes in implementing adaptation measures to reduce drought and flood losses},
  author = {Barendrecht, MH and Mondino, E. and Matano, A. and Van Loon, A. F. and Barendrecht, M. H.},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
  number = {636},
  pages = {636},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131305},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {risk perception; adaptation strategies; human-water dynamics; droughts and floods; system dynamics},
  abstract = {Human activities have increasingly affected hydrological processes in many river basins worldwide leading to changes in the severity of droughts and floods. A number of modelling studies have used system dynamic models to represent the complex dynamics generated by the interplays between the social and physical systems. Yet, attitudes towards drought and flood risk leading to the implementation of individual and collective adaptation measures are not included in current system dynamics modelling approaches. To address this gap, we developed a system dynamic model to represent the dynamics between human societies, decision-making processes, adaptation measures, and hydrological extremes. The model accounts for a society characterized by the coexistence of four types of risk attitudes and management responses: risk-neglecting, risk-controlling, riskdownplaying, and risk-monitoring. Our findings show that the presence of a prevalent social group with a certain risk attitude has a strong influence on the awareness, preparedness, and consequent losses of the other social groups. On the other hand, the homogenous presence of social groups with diverse risk attitudes leads to higher drought and flood losses due to the unsustainable water use of risk-neglecting and risk-downplaying groups. Finally, our results highlight that societies characterized by high heterogeneity in risk-attitudes tend to implement less collective measures, opting instead for individual measures by specific social groups. This emphasizes the importance of accounting for different social groups when modelling human-water dynamics to promote an integrated risk management and design more sustainable and resilient future adaptation pathways.},
  issn = {0022-1694}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_vorobyevsergeyn_2024,
  title = {Floodplain carbon dioxide emissions strongly exceed those of the main river stem: a case study of the Ob river, western Siberia},
  author = {Vorobyev, Sergey N. and Kolesnichenko, Larisa G. and Kolesnichenko, Yuri and Prokushkin, Anatoly S. and Lugovaya-Dolmatova, Arina V. and Karlsson, Jan and Pokrovsky, Oleg S.},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
  number = {638},
  pages = {638},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131468},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {co2; discharge; flood; gis; modeling; water coverage},
  abstract = {The importance of floodplains in carbon (C) evasion from the lotic systems is especially important in continental plains of low runoff such as the organic-rich Western Siberian Lowland (WSL). To quantify the relative importance of the floodplain compared to main stem CO2 emissions, we monitored a large region of the Ob River's middle course (permafrost-free zone) over 3 months from spring to summer. We calculated seasonal water coverage using remote sensing, GIS and hydrologically-based approaches and measured CO2 emissions using floating chambers. There was a strongly pronounced seasonality in the water area's extent of the floodplain with water covering > 40 % of land during the ∼ 30 days of the most intensive spring flood (May – June) and subsequently declining to ≤ 10 % during summer (July-August). Maximal CO2 emissions were recorded in most shallow water bodies of the floodplain, notably in temporary flooded fens and birch forests. The CO2 emissions during the study period ranged from 0.2 ± 0.2 to 0.9 ± 0.2 g Cm−2 d−1 for the floodplain and 0.03 ± 0.34 g C m−2 d−1 for the Ob's main channel.CO2 emissions from the floodplain were ∼ 163 ± 20 t C per km for the river's main stem during the 95 day study period. The partial contributions of temporary flooded zones, main stem, and permanent lakes / secondary channels to total emissions (1820 km² area) were 70, 16, and 14 %, respectively. Over spring and summer seasons, contributions from flooded zones ranged from 43 to 99 % of total CO2 emissions from water surfaces of the Ob River's middle course. Extrapolation of obtained results to the entire territory of the Ob River floodplain indicates that not accounting for the floodplain emissions may sizably—up to an order of magnitude—underestimate the CO2 emissions from riverine systems in Western Siberia during open water period. Future work on the Ob River floodplain in the permafrost-bearing zone should be prioritized and would allow adequate upscaling of C emission from this environmentally important territory.},
  issn = {0022-1694}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_brandoabderramanramorim_2025,
  title = {Toward a better understanding of curve number and initial abstraction ratio values from a large sample of watersheds perspective},
  author = {Brandão, Abderraman R.Amorim and Schwamback, Dimaghi and Ballarin, André Simões and Ramirez-Avila, John J. and Vasconcelos Neto, José Goes and Oliveira, Paulo Tarso S.},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
  number = {655},
  pages = {655},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132941},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  abstract = {The Natural Resources Conservation Service Curve Number method (NRCS-CN) is the most widely used approach to estimate runoff from rainfall events. However, some uncertainties in the method remain linked to the value of the standard initial abstraction ratio (λ) and discrepancies between computed and standard tabulated Curve Number (CN) values. Here, we compute CN values and investigate the effects of λ on runoff estimation performance using a large sample of 3,578 watersheds distributed across the globe. We evaluate the impact of the default λ value of 0.2 and the proposed value of 0.05 across three methods and examine two rainfall event thresholds for CN calibration. We further investigated the association between the parameters of the NRCS-CN method and the catchment and climatic characteristics of the watersheds using machine learning techniques. Our findings indicated that the Least-Squares (LS) method better calibrates CN values and performs more accurately using λ = 0.05 compared to the default λ = 0.2 and that the 25.4 mm precipitation threshold showed better performance for calibrating the methods. The CN spatial variability revealed that high values of CN are controlled by the spatial variation of slope, precipitation, and soil silt content, while lower CNs aligned with forest lands, and strongly correlated to regions of sandy soils, down to the aridity index. Land cover emerges as the most influential characteristic in determining the λ, with cropland percentage exhibiting the greater influence. Arid regions, increases cropland, urban areas, and soil sand content are associated with λ = 0.05, whereas higher pasture percentages correspond to λ = 0.2. We also provide equations for converting parameters from λ = 0.2 to λ = 0.05. Several watersheds worldwide are ungauged, and this study emphasizes the non-linear and complex nature of hydrological processes influencing the NRCS-CN method parameters. Our study provides a better understanding of the NRCS-CN method, bringing significant practical implications for various applications, including hydrological processes, stormwater management, flood forecasting, sediment management, hydrological modeling, and water resources engineering.},
  issn = {0022-1694}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_lishicheng_2026,
  title = {Surrogate modeling for rapid estimation of spatially-resolved flood damage: Application to a coastal region},
  author = {Li, Shicheng and Ding, Can and Yang, James},
  year = {2026},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
  number = {666},
  pages = {666},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134763},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {flood loss; coastal flood; hydraulic modeling; surrogate modeling},
  abstract = {Flood damage assessment (FDA) is essential for minimizing economic losses and safeguarding communities. Conventional hydraulic model-based FDA approaches are computationally costly, limiting their practicality for real-time emergency response. Therefore, this study introduces BayFlood, a Bayesian-optimized machine learning surrogate model that enables rapid, accurate, and spatially resolved flood damage estimation using only river discharge and tidal level inputs. The framework is trained and validated on a comprehensive dataset of flood events generated from two-dimensional hydraulic simulations of a coastal basin, covering river flow-dominant, storm surge-dominant, and compound flood scenarios. Among multiple learning engines tested, the boosting-ensemble-driven BayFlood achieves the best performance (coefficient of determination = 0.92-0.98; root mean square error = 4-8 %); the model reduces computational time by two orders of magnitude compared with hydraulic modeling, generating damage results within minutes. Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis (1000 runs, 5 % noise level) reveals a mean damage-rate uncertainty of 18 %, confirming model robustness. By effectively combining forecasting efficiency, accuracy, and spatial damage mapping, the BayFlood provides a practical and scalable tool for pre-disaster planning, real-time emergency response, and post-disaster recovery.},
  issn = {0022-1694}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_sferratoreagata_2008,
  title = {Modelling nutrient fluxes from sub-arctic basins: Comparison of pristine vs. dammed rivers},
  author = {Sferratore, Agata and Billen, Gilles and Garnier, Josette and Smedberg, Erik and Humborg, Christoph and Rahm, Lars},
  year = {2008},
  journal = {Journal of Marine Systems},
  volume = {3},
  number = {73},
  pages = {236--249},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.10.012},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {nutrients; river modelling; damming; arctic pristine rivers; kalixalven; lulealve; earth sciences},
  abstract = {The deterministic Riverstrahler model of river functioning is applied for the first time to sub-arctic catchments. Seasonal nutrient (N, P, Si) deliveries to the coastal zone are simulated, and nutrient annual fluxes are established for the nearly pristine river Kalix (hereafter called Kalixalven) and the heavily dammed river Lule, (hereafter called Lulealven) both located in Northern Sweden and draining into the Bothnian Bay, Baltic Sea. For Kalixalven simulations are performed with a runoff calculated from precipitation, evapo-transpiration and temperature data for the period 1990-1999, using a hydrological model calibrated on observed monthly discharges at the river outlet. The same hydrological parameters are used to calculate specific runoff for the Lulealven basin in absence of dam regulation. Reservoir filling and emptying are simulated using a simplified representation of their management rules. Diffuse sources of nutrient are evaluated according to land cover of the catchment. The simulated seasonal trends are within the range of the observed data, in particular for discharge, dissolved silica, total phosphorus, inorganic nitrogen and total organic carbon. Specific runoff is 50% higher in the Lulealven than in the Kalixalven watershed due to higher altitudes and precipitations. Average silica, nitrate and phosphorus concentrations are much lower in Lulealven than in Kalixalven. Comparison of model results for the Lulealven with and without dams shows a reduction of respectively 25% and 30% in silica and phosphorus fluxes delivered at the outlet, while nitrogen delivery is increased by 10% in the dammed vs. undammed river system. The model allows assessing the respective role of reservoir trapping of nutrient in the reservoir through algal uptake and sedimentation, and of changes in the vegetation induced by flooding the valley formerly covered by forests and wetlands.},
  issn = {0924-7963}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dahlgrenstrtkim_2018,
  title = {Future export of particulate and dissolved organic carbon from land to coastal zones of the Baltic Sea},
  author = {Dahlgren Strååt, Kim and Mörth, Carl-Magnus and Undeman, Emma},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Journal of Marine Systems},
  number = {177},
  pages = {8--20},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jmarsys.2017.09.002},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {organic carbon; coastal zone; climate change; riverine transport; baltic sea},
  abstract = {The Baltic Sea is a semi-enclosed brackish sea in Northern Europe with a drainage basin four times larger than the sea itself. Riverine organic carbon (Particulate Organic Carbon, POC and Dissolved Organic Carbon, DOC) dominates carbon input to the Baltic Sea and influences both land-to-sea transport of nutrients and contaminants, and hence the functioning of the coastal ecosystem. The potential impact of future climate change on loads of POC and DOC in the Baltic Sea drainage basin (BSDB) was assessed using a hydrological-biogeochemical model (CSIM). The changes in annual and seasonal concentrations and loads of both POC and DOC by the end of this century were predicted using three climate change scenarios and compared to the current state. In all scenarios, overall increasing DOC loads, but unchanged POC loads, were projected in the north. In the southern part of the BSDB, predicted DOC loads were not significantly changing over time, although POC loads decreased in all scenarios. The magnitude and significance of the trends varied with scenario but the sign (+ or -) of the projected trends for the entire simulation period never conflicted. Results were discussed in detail for the middle CO2 emission scenario (business as usual, a1b). On an annual and entire drainage basin scale, the total POC load was projected to decrease by ca 7% under this scenario, mainly due to reduced riverine primary production in the southern parts of the BSDB. The average total DOC load was not predicted to change significantly between years 2010 and 2100 due to counteracting decreasing and increasing trends of DOC loads to the six major sub-basins in the Baltic Sea. However, predicted seasonal total loads of POC and DOC increased significantly by ca 46% and 30% in winter and decreased by 8% and 21% in summer over time, respectively. For POC the change in winter loads was a consequence of increasing soil erosion and a shift in duration of snowfall and onset of the spring flood impacting the input of terrestrial litter, while reduced primary production mainly explained the differences predicted in summer. The simulations also showed that future changes in POC and DOC export can vary significantly across the different sub-basins of the Baltic Sea. These changes in organic carbon input may impact future coastal food web structures e.g. by influencing bacterial and phytoplankton production in coastal zones, which in turn may have consequences at higher trophic levels.},
  issn = {0924-7963}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_lednevagalinav_2011,
  title = {Permo"Triassic hypabyssal mafic intrusions and associated tholeiitic basalts of the Kolyuchinskaya Bay, Chukotka (NE Russia): Links to the Siberian LIP},
  author = {Ledneva, Galina V. and Pease, Victoria L. and Sokolov, Sergey D.},
  year = {2011},
  journal = {Journal of Asian Earth Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {40},
  pages = {737--745},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.11.007},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {chukotka microcontinent; permo-triassic; tholeiitic magmatism; extension},
  abstract = {In order to test tectonic hypotheses regarding the evolution of the Arctic Alaska-Chukotka microplate prior to the opening of the Amerasian basin, we investigated rocks exposed near Kolyuchinskaya Bay, eastern Chukotka. Hypabyssal mafic rocks and associated basaltic flows enclose terrigenous sediments, minor cherts and limestones in pillow interstices. The hypabyssal mafic rock yields a U-Pb zircon age of 252 +/- 4 Ma and indicates intrusion of basic magma at the Permo-Triassic boundary, contemporaneous with voluminous magmatism of the Siberian large igneous province (LIP). The lava flows and hypabyssal mafic rocks of the Kolyuchinskaya Bay region have trace elements, Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr isotope compositions identical to the tholeiitic flood basalts of the main plateau stage of the Siberian LIP, but differ from the latter in the major-element variations. We conclude that compositional variations in the hypabyssal rocks studied reflect their generation in an extensional environment that might be related to the Siberian super-plume activity at the time. Although the genetic and temporal links between intrusive mafic rocks and lavas are not well proved, compositional variations of the eruptive rocks still indicate their generation in an extensional environment.},
  issn = {1367-9120}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bercoviciantoine_2012,
  title = {Permian continental paleoenvironments in Southeastern Asia: New insights from the Luang Prabang Basin (Laos)},
  author = {Bercovici, Antoine and Bourquin, Sylvie and Broutin, Jean and Steyer, Jean-Sebastien and Battail, Bernard and Veran, Monette and Vacant, Renaud and Khenthavong, Bounxou and Vongphamany, Sotsy},
  year = {2012},
  journal = {Journal of Asian Earth Sciences},
  number = {60},
  pages = {197--211},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.08.019},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  abstract = {In Laos (Southeastern Asia), Late Paleozoic sediments were identified by early French explorations across Indochina during the late 19th century (Pavie missions), but little work was undertaken to characterize the sedimentological and stratigraphical context until now. From detailed sedimentological and paleontological studies, we propose an interpretation of the depositional environment and of the stratigraphic context of series located on the right bank of the Mekong River in the Luang Prabang Basin where three main formations were described. The silicoclastic Red Claystone Formation, attributed to alluvial plain environment, contains large fragments of unidentified dicynodonts. The Limestones and Sandstones Formation preserves a new macrofloral assemblage displaying affinities with Middle to Late Permian Cathaysian floras of South China. This assemblage occurs as an intercalation within marine calcareous sandstones that have yielded a marine fauna, including the ammonoid Pseudotirolites sp. which indicatesa Late Permian (Changhsingian) age. The well-developed Purple Claystones Formation yielded an abundant and well preserved Late Permian fauna composed of a carnivorous amphibian and numerous Dicynodon cranial and postcranial elements. This formation shows a vertical evolution from braided river to alluvial plain with sheet-flood sand bed and bed-load rivers, with a constant supply of volcanic clasts. Results from the analysis of the paleontological associations in the Luang Prabang Basin suggest that a continental communication between Laurussia and the Indochina Block existed during the Permian, allowing for migration of the terrestrial Dicynodon fauna. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
  issn = {1367-9120}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_galeczkaiwona_2015,
  title = {The effect of the 2002 glacial flood on dissolved and suspended chemical fluxes in the Skafta river, Iceland},
  author = {Galeczka, Iwona and Eiriksdottir, Eydis Salome and Hardardottir, Jorunn and Oelkers, Eric H. and Torssander, Peter and Gislason, Sigurdur R.},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research},
  number = {301},
  pages = {253--276},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.05.008},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {glacial floods; dissolved fluxes; particulate fluxes; degased fluxes; subglacial lakes; skafta},
  abstract = {This study describes the chemical composition of dissolved, degased and suspended fluxes of the 2002 Skafta glacial flood, which emerged from one of the Skafta subglacial lake due to geothermal activity beneath the Icelandic Vatnajokull glacier. The dissolved and suspended fluxes during the flood are compared with those normally observed in the Skafta river to determine the effect of such floods on the annual fluxes of material delivered to the coastal waters. Concentrations of most dissolved elements during the flood were significantly higher than those normally observed in the Skafta river. In addition, dissolved concentrations of nutrients such as SiO2, Fe, and V, increased more than an order of magnitude during the flood. These will affect biological processes on a local scale. The delta S-34 composition in the flood water suggests that the dissolved SO4 was derived from the oxidation of H2S and the geothermal fluid. The total suspended particulate load measured in the Skafta river during the 8-day 2002 flood was approximately half of the non-flood total annual Skafta suspended load. As particles carry the bulk of limiting nutrients to the oceans, this demonstrates the importance of glacial floods for primary production of coastal waters. The composition of the flood water and the Skafta subglacial lake, together with reaction path modelling suggest that substantial degasing of CO2 and H2S occurred at the glacial outlet during the flood. This degasing may have released as much as 262,000 and 7,980 tonnes of CO2 and H2S, respectively, to the atmosphere having a considerable impact on the local carbon and sulphur cycles during the flood event.},
  issn = {0377-0273}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_sgattonigiulia_2017,
  title = {The 2011 unrest at Katla volcano: Characterization and interpretation of the tremor sources},
  author = {Sgattoni, Giulia and Gudmundsson, Ólafur and Einarsson, Pall and Lucchi, Federico and Li, Ka Lok and Sadeghisorkhani, Hamzeh and Roberts, Roland and Tryggvason, Ari},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research},
  number = {338},
  pages = {63--78},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.03.028},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {katla volcano; unrest; volcanic tremor; flood tremor; sub-glacial eruption; hydrothermal boiling},
  abstract = {A 23-hour tremor burst was recorded on July 8-9th 2011 at the Katla subglacial volcano, one of the most active and hazardous volcanoes in Iceland. This was associated with deepening of cauldrons on the ice cap and a glacial flood that caused damage to infrastructure. Increased earthquake activity within the caldera started a few days before and lasted for months afterwards and new seismic activity started on the southern flank. No visible eruption broke the ice and the question arose as to whether this episode relates to a minor subglacial eruption with the tremor being generated by volcanic processes, or by the flood. The tremor signal consisted of bursts with varying amplitude and duration. We have identified and described three different tremor phases, based on amplitude and frequency features. A tremor phase associated with the flood was recorded only at stations closest to the river that flooded, correlating in time with rising water level observed at gauging stations. Using back-projection of double cross-correlations, two other phases have been located near the active ice cauldrons and are interpreted to be caused by volcanic or hydrothermal processes. The greatly increased seismicity and evidence of rapid melting of the glacier may be explained by a minor sub-glacial eruption. A less plausible interpretation is that the tremor was generated by hydrothermal boiling and/or explosions with no magma involved. This may have been induced by pressure drop triggered by the release of water when the glacial flood started. All interpretations require an increase of heat released by the volcano.},
  issn = {0377-0273}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_duttamaya_2025,
  title = {New York City 2100: Environmental justice implications of future scenarios for addressing extreme heat},
  author = {Dutta, Maya and Herreros-Cantis, Pablo and McPhearson, Timon and Mustafa, Ahmed and Palmer, Matthew I. and Tosca, Mika and Ventrella, Jennifer and Cook, Elizabeth M.},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Landscape and Urban Planning},
  number = {254},
  pages = {254},
  doi = {10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105249},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {climate resilience; environmental justice; scenario planning; urban ecosystem services},
  abstract = {Climate-driven hazards, such as extreme heat or precipitation, are threatening the current and future livability of New York City (NYC) and disproportionately affecting low-income communities and communities of color. To envision future climate resilience, government stakeholders and researchers co-produced future scenarios for 2100 in response to climate hazards for NYC during participatory workshops in Fall 2021. A commonly co-produced strategy included urban green infrastructure (UGI) because of its potential to retain runoff and provide cooling benefits. We ask, what are the potential environmental justice implications of ecosystem services provisioned from UGI distribution in the co-produced NYC future scenario compared to a business-as-usual future scenario? To analyze potential outcomes and tradeoffs, we integrated spatially-explicit UGI strategies into simulated land use and cover models. We then assessed two ecosystem services (flood and heat mitigation) using the spatially-explicit tool Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST). We explored potential environmental justice implications by comparing the provision of ecosystem services to sociodemographic indicators within census block groups between scenarios. Presently, ecosystem services are disproportionately lower for communities of color, including predominantly Asian, Black/African-American, and Hispanic/Latino communities. In future scenarios we found ecosystem service provision will decrease within these communities under business-as-usual land development. The future scenario co-produced for extreme heat resilience, however, shows an increase in overall provisioning across NYC, including in neighborhoods with a high proportion of people of color. Our results show that co-produced future scenarios can be used to inform strategic future planning for inclusive adaptation decisions to improve future climate resilience and justice.},
  issn = {0169-2046}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_winteramanda_2022,
  title = {Climate governance at the fringes: Peri-urban flooding drivers and responses},
  author = {Winter, Amanda and Karvonen, Andrew},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Land use policy},
  number = {117},
  pages = {117},
  doi = {10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106124},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {flood governance; adaptive governance; land-use change; peri-urban; climate adaptation},
  abstract = {There is a large body of scientific evidence on the climate crisis and flooding in urban areas. Extreme weather events are producing extensive property damage and loss of life and require new modes of flood governance. However, the climate crisis does not stop at the city limits: peri-urban areas have related but distinct flood challenges due to land use change, regulation, perceptions, and capacity to develop collective responses. The aim of the literature review is to synthesize peri-urban flood governance drivers and responses with a particular emphasis on empirical findings from the past decade. The literature review draws on findings from 26 empirical case studies with respect to how and where research is conducted on peri-urban flood governance, the drivers of peri-urban flooding, and the responses by peri-urban stakeholders to address flood risks. A common governance approach involves autonomous adaptation that results in maladaptation - both of which are critiqued as inadequate to address flood risks. The findings reveal a host of specific peri-urban challenges in addressing flooding but also point towards opportunities for new modes of adaptive governance. The article concludes by reflecting on the promise of developing an adaptive governance approach to peri-urban flooding to acknowledge the social and ecological complexities of climate change while opening up possibilities for emergent modes and innovative approaches of collaborative problem-solving.},
  issn = {0264-8377}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_oliveiraep_2013,
  title = {U-Pb ages and geochemistry of mafic dyke swarms from the Uaua Block, Sao Francisco Craton, Brazil: LIPs remnants relevant for Late Archaean break-up of a supercraton},
  author = {Oliveira, E. P. and Silveira, E. M. and Söderlund, Ulf and Ernst, R. E.},
  year = {2013},
  journal = {Lithos},
  number = {174},
  pages = {308--322},
  doi = {10.1016/j.lithos.2012.05.025},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  abstract = {The Sao Francisco Craton (SFC) is an Archaean craton that hosts a significant number of mafic intrusions. Previous attempts to date the igneous emplacement of these rocks are limited to a few dates of poor precision. Here, two dyke swarms from the Uaua Block in the northeastern portion of the craton were dated using U-Pb on baddeleyite (ID-TIMS) and zircon (SIMS). The older dyke swarm trends mainly N-S to NW-SE (but also NE) and comprises norite dykes, whereas the younger dykes are tholeiite and trend NE-SW. The ages of 2726.2 +/- 3.2 and 2623.8 +/- 7.0 Ma date dykes of noritic and tholeiitic compositions, respectively. The older age matches the ages of several Archaean-Large Igneous Provinces (tholeiitic-komatiite greenstone belts and continental flood basalts) worldwide and represents part of a feeder system, but the younger age is similar to Andean style continental margin magmatism in the Sao Francisco and Zimbabwe cratons. The two dyke swarms are tholeiitic in composition but the noritic dykes are more enriched in both compatible and incompatible elements and have higher (La/Yb)(N) ratios than the tholeiite dykes. The norite dykes are interpreted as low degrees of melting from enriched refractory mantle sources, whereas the tholeiite dykes represent high degrees of partial melting of more depleted mantle sources; the two mafic dyke swarms may be related to each other by progressive extension of the continental lithosphere. It is suggested that the Uaua Block with its dyke swarms is a small piece of Archaean crust dispersed after the break-up of a major Archaean supercraton. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
  issn = {0024-4937}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_gumsleyap_2013,
  title = {The Hlagothi Complex: The identification of fragments from a Mesoarchaean large igneous province on the Kaapvaal Craton},
  author = {Gumsley, A. P. and de Kock, M. O. and Rajesh, H. M. and Knoper, M. W. and Söderlund, Ulf and Ernst, R. E.},
  year = {2013},
  journal = {Lithos},
  number = {174},
  pages = {333--348},
  doi = {10.1016/j.lithos.2012.06.007},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  abstract = {In this paper, we present geochronological, geochemical and palaeomagnetic results from the Hlagothi Complex and a NW-trending dolerite dyke swarm on the southeastern region of the Kaapvaal Craton in northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The Hlagothi Complex consists of layered sills of meta-peridotite, pyroxenite and gabbro intruding into the Pongola Supergroup. U-Pb baddeleyite ages on the Hlagothi Complex and a NW-trending dyke of 2866 +/- 2 Ma and 2874 +/- 2 Ma, respectively, reveal a ca. 2.87 Ga magmatic event on the southeastern Kaapvaal Craton. The geochemical signature of the Hlagothi Complex recognises two discrete groupings, with a magmatic source that is chemically distinct from those of the older rift-related Nsuze and Dominion groups. Additional units on the Kaapvaal Craton can be linked with this new 'Hlagothi' event based on spatial and temporal association, and geochemistry: 1) the Thole Complex, 2) parts of the Usushwana Complex, and 3) flood basalts within the Mozaan Group and Central Rand Group. The association between all these units suggests a previously unrecognised large igneous province in the southeastern Kaapvaal Craton. Our palaeomagnetic data identifies a possible primary magnetisation within the least-altered lithologies of the Hlagothi Complex (with a virtual geographic pole at 23.4 degrees N, 53.4 degrees E, dp=8.2 degrees and dm=11.8 degrees). The bulk of samples however, displayed two episodes of remagnetisation. These are likely to be associated with 2.85 to 2.75 Ga aged granitoids across the southeastern Kaapvaal Craton, and tectonic activity in the nearby Meso- to Neoproterozoic Namaqua-Natal mobile belt A short-lived (<= 8 Ma) mantle plume is proposed to have caused the ca. 2.87 Ga magmatism, and also may well have controlled sedimentation within the Pongola-Witwatersrand basin. Volcanism during uplift would have been fed through a series of feeder dykes and sills, of which the Hlagothi Complex and NW-trending dykes are part of. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
  issn = {0024-4937}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_jarrarghalebh_2017,
  title = {Neoproterozoic Rosetta Gabbro from northernmost Arabian–Nubian Shield, south Jordan: Geochemistry and petrogenesis},
  author = {Jarrar, Ghaleb H. and Stern, Robert J. and Theye, Thomas and Yaseen, Najel and Pease, Victoria and Miller, Nathan and Ibrahim, Khalil M. and Passchier, Cees W. and Whitehouse, Martin J.},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Lithos},
  number = {284},
  pages = {545--559},
  doi = {10.1016/j.lithos.2017.05.008},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {appinite; rosetta gabbro; water-rich magma; amphibole microchemistry; la-icp-ms; arabian-nubian shield; the changing earth},
  abstract = {An Ediacaran mafic intrusion of south Jordan is a distinctive appinitic igneous rock with a possibly unique texture, characterized by spherical clots up to 40 mm in diameter composed of amphibole cores from which plagioclase euhedra radiate; we call it the Rosetta Gabbro. It is exposed as a small (ca. 750 m(2)) outcrop in the Neoproterozoic basement of south Jordan. A second outcrop of otherwise similar gabbro is located about 400 m to the north of the Rosetta Gabbro, but it lacks the distinctive texture. The Rosetta Gabbro could represent a magma pipe. It intrudes the Aqaba Complex (similar to 600 Ma) granitoids and metasediments of the Janub Metamorphic Complex (633-617 Ma). The gabbro is an 01- to QZ tholeiite with the following chemical characteristics: SiO2 = 46.2-47.8 wt.%; Al2O3 = 16.4-17.7 wt.%, TiO2 = 1.70-2.82 wt.%, Na2O = 1.27-2.83 wt.%. K2O = 0.82-1.63 wt.%; Mg# 58-63; Sigma REE = 70-117 ppm; La/Yb similar to 6 to 8; and Eu/Eu* = 1.05-1.2. The investigated gabbro has the geochemical features of a continental flood tholeiitic basalt emplaced in a within-plate tectonic setting. Two varieties of amphiboles are found: 1) large, 3-5 mm, brown ferri-titanian-tschermakite K0.09Na0.28) (Na020Ca1.80) (Mn0.04Fe1.13+Mg2.34Fe0.902+Ti029Al0.22)(Al-1.Si-85(6.15))O-22(OH)(1.95) of the calcic amphibole group which is riddled with opaques; and 2) acicular yellowish-light green ferrian-magnesiohomblende (K0.04Na0.153)(Ca1.755Na0245) (Fe(0.66)(3+)Mn(0.01)Fe(1.01)(2+)mg(3.03)Ti(0.06)Al(0.22))(Al1.03Si6.97)O-22(OH)1.95. Scattered flakes of phlogopite also occur. Tabular radiating plagioclase (An(64-79)) are complexly twinned, with broad lamellae that show no zoning. Laser-ablation ICP-MS analyses of amphibole and plagioclase reveal considerable variation in trace element abundance, in spite of more subtle major element variations except for TiO2 in amphibole. The REE in the amphibole shows an order of magnitude variation with a concave-downward pattern and a positive Eu anomaly Eu/Eu* = 0.6-2, though far less pronounced compared to the Eu/Eu* = 5-45 of plagioclase. The 3D dandelion-like texture of the rosettas is broadly similar to "Chrysanthemum Stone", which is a diagenetic growth in sedimentary rock, but we can find no description of similar textures in igneous rocks. The formation of the rosettas is thought to reflect loss of magmatic water resulting in supersaturation of plagioclase, which grew rapidly around amphibole and may havelloated in the magma. This implies magmatic evolution in shallow (10 to 12 km deep) crust where temperatures were nevertheless in the range of ca. 750 to 900 degrees C.},
  issn = {0024-4937}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kastekn_2018,
  title = {U-Pb Geochronology and Geochemistry of the Povungnituk Group of the Cape Smith Belt: Part of a Craton-Scale Circa 2.0 Ga Minto-Povungnituk Large Igneous Province, Northern Superior Craton},
  author = {Kastek, N. and Ernst, R. E. and Cousens, B. L. and Kamo, S. L. and Bleeker, W. and Söderlund, U. and Baragar, W. R.A. and Sylvester, P.},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Lithos},
  number = {320},
  pages = {315--331},
  doi = {10.1016/j.lithos.2018.09.026},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  abstract = {Magmatism of the Povungnituk Group of the Cape Smith Belt, northern Superior craton, was formed in three stages: (i)early alkaline magmatism and associated carbonatites (undated), (ii) a main flood basalt sequence (Beauparlant Formation) (constrained between 2040 and 1991 Ma), and (iii) a late stage alkaline pulse (Cecilia Formation) (ca. 1959 Ma). We suggest that the main stage of magmatic activity (middle pulse) was of short duration. A new U–Pb baddeleyite age of 1998 ± 6 Ma is obtained from a dolerite sill intruding the uppermost section of the Beauparlant Formation. This age has regional significance because it matches the previously obtained 1998 ± 2 Ma age for the Watts Group (Purtuniq) ophiolite of the northern Cape Smith Belt and the 1998 ± 2 Ma U-Pb age of the Minto dykes intruding the craton to the south. These coeval units, along with additional units correlated on paleomagnetic grounds (Eskimo Formation), are interpreted to define a large igneous province (LIP), extending over an area of >400,000km2, which we herein define as the Minto-Povungnituk LIP. Geochemical comparison between the Watts Group ophiolite, Minto dykes and the mafic Povungnituk Group shows significant differences allowing these data to be divided into two groups and domains within the LIP. A northern domain, comprising the Povungnituk and Watts groups, shows mixing between a depleted mantle source and a more enriched mantle plume-sourced melt. A southern domain comprising the Minto dykes and the paleomagnetically linked Eskimo Formation shows signs of an even more enriched source, while these magmas also show the effect of crustal contamination. Two distinct source mechanisms can be responsible for the observed geochemical differences between the two domains. First, a difference in lithospheric sources, where melting of different portions of Superior craton lithosphere caused the different melt signatures in the interior of the craton. In this case magmatism in the two domains is only related by having the same heat source (e.g.,amantle plume) interpreted to be located on the northwestern side of the northern Superior craton. Second, two distinct deep mantle sources that remained separated within the ascending plume. This is analogous to some current hotspots interpreted to sample both large low shear velocity provinces (LLSVP) and adjacent ambient deep mantle. This latter interpretation would allow for the use of bilateral chemistry in LIPs as a potential tool for the recognition and mapping of the LLSVP boundaries throughout Earth's history.},
  issn = {0024-4937}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_alikalefaelghalimohamed_2009,
  title = {Diagenetic alterations related to marine transgression and regression in fluvial deltaic and shallow marine sandstones of the Triassic Buntsandstein and Keuper formations, the Paris Basin, France},
  author = {Ali Kalefa El-ghali, Mohamed and Morad, Sadoon and Mansurbeg, Howri and Caja, Miguel A. and Sirat, M. and Ogle, N.},
  year = {2009},
  journal = {Marine and Petroleum Geology},
  volume = {3},
  number = {26},
  pages = {289--309},
  doi = {10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.02.001},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {fluvio-deltaic; shallow marine; transgression and regression; sandstone diagenesis; sequence stratigraphy; triassic; paris basin; earth sciences},
  abstract = {The distribution of diagenetic alterations in Triassic fluvio-deltaic, quartzarenitic to sublitharenitic, lowstand systems tract (LST) sandstones of the Grès á Voltzia Formation, anastomosing fluvial, quartzarenitic transgressive systems tract (TST) sandstones of the Grès á Roseaux Formation, and shallow marine, quartzarenitic to sublitharenitic, TST sandstones of the Grès Coquiller Formation, the Paris Basin (France), can be linked to transgression and regression events, and thus to the sequence stratigraphic context. Near-surface eogenetic alterations, which display a fairly systematic link to the depositional facies and sequence stratigraphic framework, include: (i) cementation by meteoric water calcite (δ18O=−8.9‰ and δ13C=−9.1‰) in the fluvio-deltaic, LST sandstones, (ii) cementation by mixed marine–meteoric calcite (δ18O=−5.3‰ to −2.6‰ and δ13C=−3.9‰ to −1.3‰) and dolomite (δ18O=−4.6‰ to −2.6‰ and δ13C=−2.9‰ to −2.3‰) in the foreshore, TST sandstones and below parasequence boundaries (PB), and transgressive surface (TS), and in the shoreface, TST sandstones below maximum flooding surfaces (MFS), being facilitated by the presence of carbonate bioclasts, (iii) dissolution of detrital silicates and precipitation of K-feldspar overgrowths and kaolinite, particularly in the fluvio-deltaic, LST sandstones owing to effective meteoric water circulation, and (vi) formation of autochthonous glauconite, which is increases in abundance towards the top of the fluvio-deltaic, LST sandstones, and along TS, and in the shoreface, TST sandstones, by alteration of micas owing to the flux of seawaters into the sandstones during transgression, whereas parautochthonous glauconite is restricted to the TS sandstones owing to marine reworking. Mesogenetic alterations, which include cementation by quartz overgrowths and illite, display fairly systematic link to fluvio-deltaic, LST sandstones. This study has revealed that linking of diagenesis to transgression and regression events enables a better understanding of the parameters that control the spatial and temporal distribution of diagenetic alterations in sandstones and of their impact on reservoir quality evolution.},
  issn = {0264-8172}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_flemingej_2016,
  title = {Provenance of Triassic sandstones on the southwest Barents Shelf and the implication for sediment dispersal patterns in northwest Pangaea.},
  author = {Fleming, E.J. and Flowerdew, Michael and Smyth, H.R. and Scott, R.A. and Morton, A.C. and Omma, J.E. and Frei, D. and Whitehouse, Martin J.},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Marine and Petroleum Geology},
  number = {78},
  pages = {516--535},
  doi = {10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2016.10.005},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {the changing earth; den föränderliga jorden},
  abstract = {Thick Triassic siliciclastic units form major reservoir targets for hydrocarbon exploration on the Barents Shelf; however, poor reservoir quality, possibly associated with variation in provenance, remains a key risk factor in the area. In this study, sandstone dispersal patterns on the southwest Barents Shelf are investigated through petrographic and heavy mineral analysis, garnet and rutile geochemistry and zircon U-Pb geochronology. The results show that until the Early Norian Maximum Flooding Surface, two contrasting sand types were present: (i) a Caledonian Sand Type, characterised by a high compositional maturity, a heavy mineral assemblage dominated by garnet and low chrome-spinel:zircon (CZi) values, predominantly metapelitic rutiles and mostly Proterozoic and Archaean detrital zircon ages, interpreted to be sourced from the Caledonides, and (ii) a Uralian Sand Type, characterised by a low compositional maturity, high CZi values, predominantly metamafic rutiles and Carboniferous zircon ages, sourced from the Uralian Orogeny. In addition, disparity in detrital zircon ages of the Uralian Sand Type with contiguous strata on the northern Barents Shelf reveals the presence of a Northern Uraloid Sand Type, interpreted to have been sourced from Taimyr and Severnaya Zemlya. As such, a coincidental system is inferred which delivered sand to the Northern Barents Shelf in the late Carnian/early Norian. Following the Early Norian Maximum Flooding Surface, a significant provenance change occurs. In response to Late Triassic/Early Jurassic hinterland rejuvenation, supply from the Uralian Orogen ceased and the northern Scandinavian (Caledonian) source became dominant, extending northwards out on to the southwest Barents Shelf. The data reveal a link between reservoir quality and sand type and illustrate how provenance played an important role in the development of clastic reservoirs within the Triassic of the Barents Shelf.},
  issn = {0264-8172}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hambergroger_2017,
  title = {Lowering the water saturation level in cemented paste backfill mixtures: Effect on the release of arsenic},
  author = {Hamberg, Roger and Maurice, Christian and Alakangas, Lena},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Minerals Engineering},
  number = {112},
  pages = {84--91},
  doi = {10.1016/j.mineng.2017.05.005},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {tillämpad geokemi; applied geochemistry},
  abstract = {The Cemented Paste Backfill (CPB) method allows the mixing of dewatered tailings slurries with cementitious binders to backfill excavated underground workings. After mine closure, CPB workings are permanently flooded by rising groundwater. This flooding is considered beneficial for reducing the risk of acid generation associated with CPB containing sulphide minerals. In general, CPB workings are slowly flooded and the process may lead to regions with a low degree of water saturation to form within the CPB. This in turn, may increase oxygen ingress in the CPB, thereby prolonging oxidation of the minerals. To investigate the environmental impact of this oxidation, tailings containing elevated concentrations of arsenic (As) and pyrrhotite were handled via CPB. In this study, CPB mixtures containing 1–3 wt.% of cementitious binders and tailings was studied. The water saturation level in the CPB-mixtures was lowered as curing time extended. In mimicked flooded conditions, the mobility of As in the CPB mixtures was correlated with As-bearing cementitious phases that are sensitive to a reduction in the pH. In CPB-mixtures with lower proportions of binders, cementitious As-phases dissolved while the water saturation level decreased to form more stable As-phases. Increasing binder fractions, most of the cementitious As-phases persisted in the CPB while water saturation levels were lowered and release of As increased. Regardless of curing conditions, managing these tailings via the CPB method yielded increased mobility of As compared with that in the unmodified tailings; this resulted possibly from the formation of less acid-tolerant As species.},
  issn = {0892-6875}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_shaltoutmohamed_2015,
  title = {Sea-level change and projected future flooding along the Egyptian Mediterranean coast},
  author = {Shaltout, Mohamed and Tonbol, Kareem and Omstedt, Anders},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Oceanologia},
  volume = {4},
  number = {57},
  pages = {293--307},
  doi = {10.1016/j.oceano.2015.06.004},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Instytut Oceanologii PAN},
  keywords = {mediterranean sea; egypt cost; sea levels; flooding},
  abstract = {Future sea-level changes along the Mediterranean Egyptian coast (southern Levantine sub-basin) are projected using satellite altimetry data and model simulations. Twenty-one years (1993—2013) of satellite altimetry data, represented by dynamic topography (DT), are examined in light of tide-gauge observations. Current DT changes are examined with respect to five atmospheric/oceanic factors. The qualities of three realizations of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) model are examined by comparing these with DT. Finally, the simulations best describing the present DT are used to describe projected sea-level changes in the study area. The results indicate that DT can be used to study coastal and deep-water sea-level changes in the study area. The southern Levantine sub-basin sea level has recently risen by an average of 3.1 cm decade1 and exhibits significant annual sea-level variation of 17 cm to 8 cm. The sealevel variation is significantly affected by several factors: sea-level variation west of the Gibraltar Strait, steric sea level, and sea-surface temperature. The GFDL simulations best describing the recent sea level over the study area, i.e., GFDL-CM3 and GFDL-ESM2M, are used to calculate the two-model ensemble mean (GFDL-2ENM), which indicates that Egypt's Mediterranean coast will experience substantial sea-level rise (SLR) this century. The estimated uncertainty over the study area was 4—22 cm by 2100, with the emission assumptions dominating the three sources ofuncertainty sources. Comparing the projected SLRs with digital elevation data indicates that Egypt's Mediterranean coast will only be safe from flooding by 2100 if effective adaptation methods are applied.},
  issn = {0078-3234}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_lindstrmsofie_2006,
  title = {The late Rhaetian transgression in southern Sweden: Regional (and global) recognition and relation to the Triassic-Jurassic boundary},
  author = {Lindström, Sofie and Erlström, Mikael},
  year = {2006},
  journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
  volume = {3},
  number = {241},
  pages = {339--372},
  doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.04.006},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  abstract = {Palynological investigations of Rhaetian outcrops and drillcores in combination with subsurface data from wells in Scania, southern Sweden, have revealed the presence of marine dinoflagellate cysts in sedimentary strata that were previously considered to have been deposited in a mainly terrestrial environment. Two distinct dinocyst events are identified. One older event where persistent, rare to common occurrences of Rhaetogonyaulax rhaetica and Lunnomidinium scaniense indicates deposition in shallow marine and marginal marine environments. This Lunnomidinium interval is preceded and succeeded by assemblages with rare to common R. rhaetica, and can be correlated with the mid to late Rhaetian R. rhaetica Zone. It is associated with spore/pollen assemblages of the mid Rhaetian Rhaetipollis-Limbosporites Zone. The younger event, the R. rhaetica maximum interval, is characterised by mass-occurrence of R. rhaetica, with less common or absent Dapcodinium priscum, in association with a dark grey to black mudstone/shale. The introduction of D. priscum in association with the over-whelming abundance of R. rhaetica allows correlation with the transition between the R. rhaetica Zone and the succeeding D. priscum Zone, and signals fully marine conditions. The R. rhaetica maximum interval is associated with spore/pollen assemblages of the late Rhaetian Ricciisporites-Polypodiisporites Zone, and is in Sweden succeeded both lithostratigraphically and palynostratigraphically by the T-J transition. The R. rhaetica maximum interval corresponds to a late Rhaetian maximum flooding event that took place in a shallow, gently sloping embayment that covered the Danish Basin area during the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic. This maximum flooding event can be recognised in late Rhaetian strata from different parts of the Northern Hemisphere. It is an important temporal constraint on the T-J boundary as it is associated with the disappearance of Triassic marine faunas, appears to coincide with the onset of the main pulse of CAMP volcanism, immediately precedes the initial carbon isotope excursion and the global sea-level drop that characterises the T-J transition.},
  issn = {1872-616X}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bergstromstigm_2010,
  title = {Katian (Upper Ordovician) delta C-13 chemostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy in the United States and Baltoscandia: A regional comparison},
  author = {Bergstrom, Stig M. and Young, Seth and Schmitz, Birger},
  year = {2010},
  journal = {Early Palaeozoic sea level and climate - Selected papers presented at the IGCP 503 closing meeting in Lille (France), 23-31 August 2008 (Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology)},
  number = {296},
  pages = {217--234},
  doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.02.035},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  abstract = {delta C-13 values of numerous limestone samples from Katian (Upper Ordovician) successions in Oklahoma and the Upper Mississippi Valley document the presence of at least three of the four positive excursions that have been recognized in the lower-middle Katian interval in the Cincinnati region in Ohio. Kentucky, and Indiana. A comparison with Estonia reveals that five out of the six positive excursions now recorded through the Katian succession in the Cincinnati region are present in the coeval stratigraphic intervals in Estonia, which suggests that these represent global perturbations in the carbon cycle A study of the relations between flooding events and delta C-13 excursions shows that only some of the excursions occur in transgressive intervals whereas other excursions are in regressive strata and hence, this is in conflict with the idea that positive carbon isotope excursions are forced by rises in sea level Part of a previously published attempt to use Upper Ordovician sequence stratigraphy for trans-Atlantic correlation is shown to be seriously out of phase with the biostratigraphy and chemostratigraphy Several of the sequences recognized in the Cincinnati region do not appear to have counterparts in Estonia, which suggests that they do not reflect eustatic, but local, conditions (C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved.}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_lindstrmsofie_2011,
  title = {The Jurassic-Cretaceous transition of the Fararp-1 core, southern Sweden: Sedimentological and phytological indications of climate change},
  author = {Lindström, Sofie and Erlström, Mikael},
  year = {2011},
  journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
  volume = {3},
  number = {308},
  pages = {445--475},
  doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.05.052},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  abstract = {The 116m deep Fararp-1 core drilled in the Vomb Trough in southernmost Sweden is dated by integrated terrestrial and marine palynostratigraphy. The lower part of the succession (ca 84 m) encompasses uppermost Jurassic to lowermost Cretaceous (uppermost Tithonian to Valanginian) strata. An unconformity separates the Valanginian strata from an overlying ca 1 m thick interval of upper Albian to Cenomanian Arnager Greensand Formation. The uppermost part of the core is a repetitive succession of lowermost Cretaceous sediments. During the Jurassic-Cretaceous U/K) transition NW Europe was located in mid latitudes, and comprised an archipelago of large and small islands separated by deeper grabens and epicontinental seaways that connected the Boreal Sea to the north with the warmer Tethys Ocean to the south. Boundary strata in England, France, the Netherlands and Germany are characterised by relatively prominent climatic change from arid/semi arid to subhumid/humid conditions. Southernmost Sweden was located on the margin of a large landmass comprising most of the Fennoscandian Shield bordering a large epicontinental sea to the west. By combining sedimentology, clay mineralogy and palynofacies the Tithonian to Valanginian cored succession of the Fararp-1 core provides complementary information on how marginal deposits from the eastern part of the epicontinental sea reflect the climatological and environmental changes observed in other parts of NW Europe. The Fararp-1 core shows that during the Tithonian to earliest Berriasian deposition took place in a terrestrial but near-marine depositional setting, in coastal lakes or lagoons with little marine influence. A dry climatic regime favoured stagnant water conditions with common algal blooms of primarily Bonyococcus and zygnemataceae. Palynofacies and sedimentology indicate limited transport of freshwater and material to the basin. The stagnant depositional environment was terminated by a marine flooding in the early Berriasian. During the remaining Berriasian and the earlyValanginian conditions shifted between near marine and marine settings in a dynamic coastal environment, similar to contemporaneous assemblages reported from the Danish Island of Bornholm. A shift in clay mineralogy, from a dominance of 10 A minerals to increasing amounts of mixed layer and kaolinite indicates a change to more humid conditions in the latest Tithonian. Cheirolepidacean pollen (Classopollis) are present but never common in the cored succession, and a similar conspicuous decrease of these pollen, as previously reported from England, Germany and France, is not evident in the Fararp-1 core. Instead a subsequent shift in both palynofacies and palynoflora, marked by an increase in abundance of heavy terrigenous material, i.e. wood and coal particles, upland pollen grains and reworked palynomorphs is also observed in the uppermost Tithonian-lowermost Berriasian interval. At the same level spores and pollen classified as warmer/drier elements decrease in abundance. This is interpreted as representinga shift to more humid climatic conditions with increased runoff from the hinterland. Thus, the combined sedimentological and palynological data from the Fararp-1 core suggest that climatic conditions in the area changed from more seasonally dry (semi-arid) to more humid (semi-humid) across the J/K boundary (latest Tithonian to earliest Berriasian) and hence earlier than the mid-Berriasian climatic shift recorded from e.g. England and the Netherlands. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
  issn = {1872-616X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_rouillardalexandra_2016,
  title = {Interpreting vegetation change in tropical arid ecosystems from sediment molecular fossils and their stable isotope compositions: A baseline study from the Pilbara region of northwest Australia},
  author = {Rouillard, Alexandra and Greenwood, Paul F. and Grice, Kliti and Skrzypek, Grzegorz and Dogramaci, Shawan and Turney, Chris and Grierson, Pauline F.},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
  number = {459},
  pages = {495--507},
  doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.07.023},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {biomarkers; csia δ13c; n-alkanes; organic matter; pilbara; triodia},
  abstract = {Detection of source diagnostic molecular fossils (biomarkers) within sediments can provide valuable insights into the vegetation and climates of past environments. However, hot and arid regions offer particularly challenging interpretive frameworks for reconstructions because baseline data are scarce, organic matter is generally very low and in the inland tropics in particular, sediments are also often subject to flooding and drought. Here, we investigated whether biomarkers and compound-specific δ13C values could be extracted from a late Holocene sediment record from the Fortescue Marsh (Pilbara, northwest Australia) to allow interpretation of past catchment vegetation and hydroclimate. The low total carbon (TC) content (< 1.4%) was a major challenge for the molecular analyses over the ~ 2000 years old sequence. Nevertheless, they revealed that the dominant hydrocarbon features (e.g., long chain n-alkanes) indicative of terrestrial plants (e.g., C4 grasses; riparian and other C3 plants) encompassed the last ~ 1300 yrs and that low abundance of products from aquatic sources (e.g., n-C17) were detected in the uppermost sediments only when permanently inundated conditions prevailed (recent decades). Similarly, the lower δ13C values (i.e., a difference of − 2.3‰) of long chain n-alkanes in upper sediments reflected a vegetation response to the emergence of wetter conditions through the late Holocene in the region. Based on the diverging dominant source contributions obtained from the molecular distributions and arid based Bayesian mixing model (δ13C of n-C27–33 alkanes) results, less arid conditions may have favoured the input of 13C depleted n-alkanes from the Eucalyptus (C3) dominant riparian vegetation. The deepest sediments (< 700 CE) however, had a TC content of < 0.4%, and no organic compounds were detected, consistent with local and regional records of hyperarid conditions. These results demonstrate that n-alkanes can provide a molecular and stable isotopic fingerprint of important - and perhaps underappreciated - ecological processes in modern tropical arid environments for future paleoclimate investigations.},
  issn = {0031-0182}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ralsitoesandra_2017_1,
  title = {Late Holocene sea-level changes and paleoclimate recorded in Lake Lungué, southern Mozambique},
  author = {Raúl Sitoe, Sandra and Risberg, Jan and Norström, Elin and Westerberg, Lars-Ove},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
  number = {485},
  pages = {305--315},
  doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.06.022},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {limpopo river; lake level changes; human impact; diatom; mineral magnetic properties; kvartärgeologi; quaternary geology},
  abstract = {We report on late Holocene paleoenvironmental and sea-level changes in southern Mozambique, based on analysis of diatom stratigraphy, mineral magnetic susceptibility, Saturation Isothermal Remnant Magnetization (SIRM) and organic carbon content in a sediment core from Lake Lungué, located ca. 30 km north of Xai Xai City in the Limpopo River floodplain. Eleven radiocarbon dates performed on terrestrial shells allowed establishment of an age-depth model. High content of brackish-marine taxa, especially Diploneis suborbicularis and Navicula yarrensis, suggests that the Lake Lungué basin was part of the Indian Ocean coastal zone between ca. 740 and 910 CE, suggesting higher relative sea-level during this phase. A similar diatom distribution in older parts of the sequence, of unknown age, indicates that the site was connected to the Indian Ocean also at some stage prior to 740 CE. Between ca. 910 and 1130 CE the basin was under a combined effect of sporadic marine water influx and Limpopo River actions. A freshwater lake was established sometime between 1130 and 1360 CE, when the basin became less affected by marine influences due to lower sea-levels. Instead, the lake system was more influenced by Limpopo River meandering dynamics and flooding events, and eventually isolated into a more or less independent lake ecosystem where diatom diversity most likely responded to lake levels fluctuations driven by shifts in relative humidity and rainfall amounts within the floodplain and also from upstream sources. During this phase, high abundance of freshwater planktonic species, i.e. Aulacoseira granulata and A. ambigua, indicates high lake levels and wetter conditions dated to ca. 1360–1560 CE. From 1560 CE until present, the lake has been subject to drier conditions and higher evaporation as indicated by lower lake levels, reported by a decline in freshwater planktonic taxa and increase in brackish taxa, e.g. Amphora robusta.},
  issn = {0031-0182}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_slatersam_2017,
  title = {Episodic river flooding events revealed by palynological assemblages inJurassic deposits of the Brent Group, North Sea},
  author = {Slater, Sam and McKie, Tom and Vieira, Manuel and Wellmann, Charles and Vajda, Vivi},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology},
  number = {485},
  pages = {389--400},
  doi = {10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.06.028},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Amsterdam : Elsevier},
  keywords = {hyperpycnite; spores and pollen; rannoch formation; palynofacies; non-metric multidimensional scaling (nmds); botryococcus spp; ecosystems and species history; ekosystem och arthistoria},
  abstract = {Spore and pollen (sporomorph) assemblages from Middle Jurassic marine deposits of the Brent Group in the northern North Sea are investigated to assess temporal and spatial variations in vegetation and depositional processes. Four wells were sampled for palynology from the Penguins Cluster and the Don North East fields through the Rannoch Formation shoreface succession. Hyperpycnite deposits occur throughout, but are concentrated within the lower part of the section. These are expressed by sand-prone beds displaying waxing and waning current motifs, normally graded muddy beds and structureless mudstones. Hyperpycnal/hypopycnal deposits resulting from episodic river flooding represent important sedimentary features as they may be preserved below fair weather wave base in more offshore settings and potentially be the only record of the former presence of a nearby river mouth. The hyperpycnites typically contain abundant Botryoccocus spp., Amorphous Organic Matter (AOM) and hinterland sporomorph taxa with relatively few marine components compared to associated marine shoreface facies. Variations in palynofacies assemblages and Botryococcus spp. abundances indicate frequent river mouth avulsion. Ordination of samples using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) indicates that shoreface samples of the sampled wells are relatively distinct, but hyperpycnite samples are highly similar regardless of their sampled well. This suggests that depositional processes and spore/pollen sources (i.e. catchment zones) were similar among hyperpycnite events across different wells. Abundant bisaccate pollen, Botryococcus spp. and AOM within interpreted hyperpycnites suggest sediment mixing along the fluvial drainage path during flooding events. The terrestrial signature of hyperpycnite sporomorph assemblages demonstrates that underflows remained coherent as they descended the shoreface profile with little turbulent mixing with ambient marine waters. Sporomorph assemblages display few large changes through time suggesting vegetation on the adjacent coastal plain was relatively static through the studied interval.},
  issn = {0031-0182}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_brandimartel_2009,
  title = {Isla Hispaniola: A trans-boundary flood risk mitigation plan},
  author = {Brandimarte, L. and Brath, A. and Castellarin, A. and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano},
  year = {2009},
  journal = {Physics and Chemistry of the Earth},
  volume = {4},
  number = {34},
  pages = {209--218},
  doi = {10.1016/j.pce.2008.03.002},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dibaldassarreg_2009,
  title = {Design flood estimation using model selection criteria},
  author = {DI BALDASSARRE, G and LAIO, F and MONTANARI, A},
  year = {2009},
  journal = {Symposium on Role of Hydrology in Water Resource Management},
  pages = {606--611},
  doi = {10.1016/j.pce.2008.10.066},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_padipt_2011,
  title = {Floodplain management in Africa: Large scale analysis of flood data},
  author = {Padi, P T and Di Baldassarre, G and Castellarin, A},
  year = {2011},
  journal = {Physics and Chemistry of the Earth},
  volume = {7},
  number = {36},
  pages = {292--298},
  doi = {10.1016/j.pce.2011.02.002},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dibaldassarregiuliano_2011_2,
  title = {Recent advances in mapping and modelling flood processes in lowland areas},
  author = {Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Schumann, G},
  year = {2011},
  journal = {Physics and Chemistry of the Earth},
  volume = {7},
  number = {36},
  pages = {221--222},
  doi = {10.1016/j.pce.2011.03.009},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  issn = {1474-7065}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dibaldassarregiuliano_2012,
  title = {Effect of observation errors on the uncertainty of design floods},
  author = {Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Laio, Francesco and Montanari, Alberto},
  year = {2012},
  journal = {Physics and Chemistry of the Earth},
  number = {42},
  pages = {85--90},
  doi = {10.1016/j.pce.2011.05.001},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  abstract = {This study investigates the uncertainty in the estimation of the design flood induced by errors in flood data. We initially describe and critically discuss the main sources of uncertainty affecting river discharge data, when they are derived using stage-discharge rating curves. Then, different error structures are used to investigate the effects of flood data errors on design flood estimation. Annual maxima values of river discharge observed on the Po River (Italy) at Pontelagoscuro are used as an example. The study demonstrates that observation errors may have a significant impact on the uncertainty of design floods, especially when the rating curve is affected by systematic errors.},
  issn = {1474-7065}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_jumabenard_2023,
  title = {Flooding in the urban fringes: Analysis of flood inundation and hazard levels within the informal settlement of Kibera in Nairobi, Kenya},
  author = {Juma, Benard and Olang, Luke O. and Hassan, Mohammed A. and Chasia, Stanley and Mulligan, Joe and Shiundu, Paul M.},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Physics and Chemistry of the Earth},
  number = {132},
  pages = {103499},
  doi = {10.1016/j.pce.2023.103499},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {flood hazard assessment; flood risk management; hec-ras model; hydrodynamic flood modelling; kibera settlement; urban fringes},
  abstract = {Overlapping conditions of rapid urbanisation and climate change across developing countries are threatening the capacity of cities to manage climate risks, especially in the flood-exposed low-income peripheral areas. Limited studies have applied hydrodynamic flood models in ascertaining flooding conditions, supportive of risk-informed decisions in such urban fringes. Against this backdrop, we assessed plausible flooding and hazard conditions in the low-lying villages of Lindi and Silanga in Kibera informal settlement. The coupled one-dimensional and two-dimensional hydrodynamic model, customised from the Hydrological Engineering Centre's River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) was parameterised for flood simulation under different hydrological regimes and scenarios associated with flooding in Kibera. Volumetric flow estimates and a computed energy slope were used to define the upstream and downstream modelling boundary conditions respectively. Trial-and-error adjustment of the flow resistance coefficients from land-use features was applied in model calibration, and the results compared to the surveyed flood of 23rd April 2019. Results show that proximal areas to the Ngong River and Nairobi dam face high flood risks. A flood volume of 11.7×105m3 from a 2.5h, 50 mm rainfall could potentially inundate about 2.0% and 8.3% of areas in Lindi and Silanga respectively, while a volume of 48.9×105m3 from a 100-year storm of 172 mm could inundate about 10.6% of Lindi and 29.1% of Silanga. Upstream steeply sloping topographies of the villages increase flood velocities and risk of drowning, while the lower reaches at relatively flatter topographies, experience attenuated flow and rapid accumulation of flood waters, hence, higher flood depths. These results can support policy interventions for integrated flood risk management in Kibera, as a way of mainstreaming the underserved urban communities in climate risk management.},
  issn = {1474-7065}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hillierstephen_2017,
  title = {Multi-technique approach to the petrophysical characterization of Berea sandstone core plugs (Cleveland Quarries, USA)},
  author = {Hillier, Stephen},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering},
  number = {149},
  pages = {436--455},
  doi = {10.1016/j.petrol.2016.09.029},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  abstract = {Berea sandstone has been used by the petroleum industry as a representative model siliciclastic rock for a number of years. However, only incomplete data has been reported in the literature regarding its petrographic, geochemical, and petrophysical properties. In particular knowledge of the mineral distribution along the pore walls is particularly scarce, despite the fact that mineral exposed in the pore space will be crucial in determining the rock-fluid interactions that occur during core-flooding experiments. In this paper, four Berea sandstone samples (with 4 different permeability ranges from < 50 mD, 50-100 mD. 100-200 mD, and 500-1000 mD) were subjected to a multi-technique characterization with an emphasis on determining the mineral composition, and distribution at the pore surface as well as pore structure and connectivity analysis. The mineral distribution was measured in two-dimensions by chemical mapping using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy -scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX). The bulk composition of the Berea sandstones was also measured by X-ray diffraction and micro-X-ray computed tomography. From this, it was found that authigenic minerals, especially clay minerals, make up a small portion of the bulk rock volume (3.3-8%) but are overrepresented at the pore surfaces and in pore spaces compared to the other major mineral constituents of the rock (quartz and feldspar). The effective mineralogy, from the standpoint of rock-fluid interactions, is the mineralogy that predominates at pore surfaces. For the Berea sandstone samples studied, the effective mineralogy is represented, mainly, by kaolinite, illite, and chlorite. For 3 of the four permeability ranges studied, kaolinite is the predominant pore lining mineral observed. In the remaining sample (50-100 mD), illite is the predominant mineral. In addition to SEM, we used atomic force microscopy to show that the nano-sized particles with the shape and size of clay crystals are observed on the surface of recrystallised quartz grains in a Berea sample. Regardless of their origin and identity, the presence of these particles shows that the quartz grain surfaces in Berea sandstone are more heterogeneous than previously assumed. Carbonate cement was somewhat localized throughout two of the Berea sandstone specimens, however, quartz cement is common in all of the Berea cores studied and include both microcrystalline quartz and amorphous silica phases. The pore structure within the four different Berea samples was studied using a combination of X-ray computed tomography, mercury injection porosimetry and high resolution scanning electron microscopy. Results show that two Berea sandstone permeability ranges have a bimodal pore-throat-size distribution whereas the other two were dominated by a unimodal pore-throat size distribution. SEM imaging of the pore network showed that permeability is mainly controlled by pore connectivity in the clay mineral matrix. Next to the pore connectivity, three-dimensional pore space showing both pore-to-pore and pore-to-pore-throat-to-pore relationships are also important.},
  issn = {0920-4105}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_youbinasrrddine_2013,
  title = {The 1750 Ma Magmatic Event of the West African Craton (Anti-Atlas, Morocco)},
  author = {Youbi, Nasrrddine and Kouyate, Djiky and Söderlund, Ulf and Ernst, Richard E. and Soulaimani, Abderrahmane and Hafid, Ahmid and Ikenne, Moha and El Bahat, Abdelhakim and Bertrand, Herve and Rkha Chaham, Khalid and Ben Abbou, Mohamed and Mortaji, Abdelaziz and El Ghorfi, Mustapha and Zouhair, Mohamed and El Janati, M'hamed},
  year = {2013},
  journal = {Precambrian Research},
  number = {236},
  pages = {106--123},
  doi = {10.1016/j.precamres.2013.07.003},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  abstract = {The Precambrian inliers of the Anti Atlas belt located at the southern part of Morocco contain numerous mafic dyke and sill swarms thought to represent the erosional remnants of Proterozoic Large Igneous Provinces (LIPS). As part of a continuing research campaign to date and characterize these LIPs, four dykes have been dated by the U-Pb TIMS (Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry) method on baddeleyite and zircon: ca. 1758 Ma in the Tagragra of Akka inlier, 1741 +/- 10 Ma in the Tafeltast-Kerdous inlier, 1746.8 +/- 3.7 Ma in the Iguerda-Tanst and 1734 +/- 5 Ma in the Zenaga inlier. The age matches (and chemical features akin to continental flood basalts) confirm a widespread intraplate magmatic event at 1750 Ma, herein termed the Tagragra of Akka LIP, that represents an important new magmatic tarcode' line for the West African Craton (WAC). Contemporaneous 1750 Ma LIP magmatism is reported in other crustal blocks including northwestern Laurentia and Siberia; together with the newly defined Tagragra of Akka event of the Anti Atlas region of the WAC this widespread 1750 Ma magmatism is postulated to collectively constitute a single huge LIP associated with a breakup attempt of Nuns (Columbia) shortly after its final assembly at ca. 1.8 Ga. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
  issn = {0301-9268}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_gumsleyashley_2015,
  title = {Precise U-Pb baddeleyite age dating of the Usushwana Complex, southern Africa - Implications for the Mesoarchaean magmatic and sedimentological evolution of the Pongola Supergroup, Kaapvaal Craton},
  author = {Gumsley, Ashley and Olsson, Johan and Söderlund, Ulf and de Kock, Michiel and Hofmann, Axel and Klausen, Martin},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Precambrian Research},
  number = {267},
  pages = {174--185},
  doi = {10.1016/j.precamres.2015.06.010},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  abstract = {The Usushwana Complex of the south-eastern Kaapvaal Craton (South Africa and Swaziland), intrudes the ca. 3.6-3.1 Ga basement of the craton, as well as the Mesoarchaean volcanic and sedimentary cover succession of the Pongola Supergroup. New high-precision U-Pb dating of gabbros belonging to the Piet Retief Suite of the Usushwana Complex yield ages of 2989 +/- 1 Ma, 2990 +/- 2 Ma and 2978 +/- 2 Ma. The Piet Retief Suite represents part of an intricate magmatic feeder to a major volcanic event which gave rise to the oldest known continental flood basalts on Earth, the Nsuze volcanic rocks. Broadly coeval SE-trending dolerite dykes of the Barberton-Badplaas Dyke Swarm in the larger region of the south-eastern Kaapvaal Craton formed along the same structural trend as the Usushwana Complex. One such dyke is dated herein to 2980 +/- 1 Ma. Using the high-precision U-Pb geochronological data, the Nsuze volcanic rocks can now be resolved into at least two magmatic episodes which can be correlated with parts of the Pongola Supergroup. The first episode at ca. 2.99-2.98 Ga is broadly coeval with the Pypklipberg (Nhlebela) volcanic rocks, whereas the second at ca. 2.97-2.96 Ga was near synchronous to the Agatha volcanic rocks. A dolerite sill intruding into the Mozaan Group of the Pongola Supergroup, thought to be part of the Usushwana Complex, was dated to 2869 +/- 5 Ma, and is instead coeval with the Hlagothi Complex further to the south, and provides a new minimum age for deposition of the Mozaan Group. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
  issn = {0301-9268}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_chavesalexandredeoliveira_2019,
  title = {The 920–900 Ma Bahia-Gangila LIP of the São Francisco and Congo cratons and link with Dashigou-Chulan LIP of North China craton: New insights from U-Pb geochronology and geochemistry},
  author = {Chaves, Alexandre de Oliveira and Ernst, Richard E. and Söderlund, Ulf and Wang, Xinping and Naeraa, Tomas},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Precambrian Research},
  number = {329},
  pages = {124--137},
  doi = {10.1016/j.precamres.2018.08.023},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  abstract = {A widespread mafic sill and dyke unit (the Pedro Lessa suite) adjacent to the southeastern São Francisco (SF) craton (eastern South America) is dated as 940 ± 42 Ma, 912 ± 17 Ma, and 986 ± 64 Ma (based on combined ID-TIMS and LA-ICPMS analyses on baddeleyite grains) on the Santa Maria de Itabira gabbroic intrusion. These ages suggest membership in the previously defined ca. 920–900 Ma Large Igneous Province (LIP) (herein referred to as the Bahia-Gangila LIP) of the reconstructed São Francisco and formerly adjacent Congo craton (Africa). Additional mafic and felsic units throughout the SF craton are also linked (based on a literature review), thus expanding the size of the reconstructed LIP to ca. 1,500,000 km2. Geochemistry reveals high Ti OIB signature for most units and low Ti E-MORB composition for the Gangila flood basalts, marking the initiation of attempted ocean opening. Geochemistry of the Bahia-Gangila LIP is also compared with the ca. 920–900 Ma Dashigou-Chulan LIP of the North China craton, and implications for three possible reconstructions of SF/Congo craton with the North China craton are considered.},
  issn = {0301-9268}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_lewisjoshuaa_2019,
  title = {Contesting the coast: Ecosystems as infrastructure in the Mississippi River Delta},
  author = {Lewis, Joshua A. and Ernstson, Henrik},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Progress in Planning},
  number = {129},
  pages = {1--30},
  doi = {10.1016/j.progress.2017.10.003},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {new orleans; deltaic landscapes; environmental politics; urban ecology; expertise; regional & urban planning},
  abstract = {We develop an analytical repertoire for understanding historical interrelationships between water infrastructure, regional environmental politics, and large-scale coastal ecosystems. In doing so, we scrutinize how notions of urban resilience, climate adaptation, and ecosystem-based infrastructure are influencing contemporary planning practice. Our account from New Orleans and the Mississippi River Delta traces several large-scale hydrological engineering projects with origins in the early 20th century, which aimed to restructure the landscape for more effective maritime transportation, flood protection, and urban drainage. The account then turns to a discussion of a massive and ongoing planning project, which aims to restore the historical dynamics of the Mississippi River Delta, diverting the river into nearby coastal wetlands to provide storm protection for vulnerable communities, most especially New Orleans. Our analysis shows how the development of water infrastructure systems in the region produced cleavages in the region's body politic and eco-hydrology, generating disputes that threaten to slow or obstruct the plan's implementation. The study shows how the forms and discourses of political contention in the present are deeply informed by past decisions regarding the placement, operation, and maintenance of water infrastructures in the region. The conflicts that emerge from these cleavages comprise the primary obstacle facing ecosystem-based strategies aimed at securing New Orleans and other major settlements in the region from storm surges. This raises fundamental challenges for planning practice, which are explored here through a discussion of situational dissensus, conflicting rationalities, and pathways for democratic institutional innovation.},
  issn = {0305-9006}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mayjanhendrik_2015,
  title = {Refining late Quaternary plunge pool chronologies in Australia's monsoonal 'Top End'},
  author = {May, Jan-Hendrik and Preusser, Frank and Gliganic, Luke Andrew},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Quaternary Geochronology},
  number = {30},
  pages = {328--333},
  doi = {10.1016/j.quageo.2015.01.008},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {osl dating; quartz; microdosimetry; monsoon; australia},
  abstract = {Plunge pool deposits from Australia's 'Top End' are considered as important archives of past monsoonal activity in the region. The available chronology of these deposits was so far based on thermoluminescence (TL) dating and indicated maximum flood magnitudes during the Last Glacial Maximum in contrast with more arid conditions as deduced from other archives of the region. This study revisits plunge pool deposits at Wangi Falls by applying multiple and single-grain Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating of quartz and high-resolution gamma spectrometry, supported by radiocarbon dating of organic material. The aim is to reappraise the existing chronology and investigate if the deposits are affected by partial bleaching, post-depositional mixing and/or problems related to annual dose determination. The latter seems to have a minor impact on the ages at most. Equivalent Dose (D-e) distributions are broad, in particular for single grains, but apparently hot result from partial bleaching or post-depositional mixing. Rather, microdosimetry caused by radiation hotspots in the sediment and zircon inclusions in the quartz grains is considered problematic for these sediments. The results presented here imply that the previous TL chronology overestimated the real deposition age of the sediments.},
  issn = {1871-1014}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_stroevenarjenp_2015,
  title = {A new Scandinavian reference Be-10 production rate},
  author = {Stroeven, Arjen P. and Heyman, Jakob and Fabel, Derek and Björck, Svante and Caffee, Marc W. and Fredin, Ola and Harbor, Jonathan M.},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Quaternary Geochronology},
  number = {29},
  pages = {104--115},
  doi = {10.1016/j.quageo.2015.06.011},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {cosmogenic exposure dating; be-10 production rate; fennoscandian ice sheet; deglaciation chronology; baltic ice lake; younger dryas},
  abstract = {An important constraint on the reliability of cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating is the rigorous determination of production rates. We present a new dataset for Be-10 production rate calibration from Mount Billingen, southern Sweden, the site of the final drainage of the Baltic Ice Lake, an event dated to 11,620 +/- 100 cal yr BP. Five samples of flood-scoured bedrock surfaces (58.5 degrees N, 13.7 degrees E, 105-120 m a.s.I.) unambiguously connected to the drainage event yield a reference Be-10 production rate of 4.19 +/- 0.20 atoms g(-1) yr(-1) for the CRONUS-Earth online calculator Lm scaling and 4.02 +/- 0.18 atoms g(-1) yr(-1) for the nuclide specific LSDn scaling. We also recalibrate the reference Be-10 production rates for four sites in Norway and combine three of these with the Billingen results to derive a tightly clustered Scandinavian reference Be-10 production rate of 4.13 +/- 0.11 atoms g(-1) yr(-1) for the CRONUS Lm scaling and 3.95 +/- 0.10 atoms g(-1) yr(-1) for the LSDn scaling scheme.},
  issn = {1871-1014}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kurbanovrn_2022,
  title = {A detailed luminescence chronology of the Lower Volga loess-palaeosol sequence at Leninsk},
  author = {Kurbanov, R.N. and Buylaert, J.-P. and Stevens, Thomas and Taratunina, N.A. and Belyaev, V.R. and Makeev, A.O. and Lebedeva, M.P. and Rusakov, A.V. and Solodovnikov, D. and Költringer, C. and Rogov, V.V. and Streletskaya, I.D. and Murray, A.S. and Yanina, T.A.},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Quaternary Geochronology},
  number = {73},
  pages = {73},
  doi = {10.1016/j.quageo.2022.101376},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  abstract = {We present a detailed luminescence chronology of the loess-palaeosol sequences in the Lower Volga region of Russia at the Leninsk site – an important palaeogeographic archive describing the climate and environmental conditions of regressive stages of the Caspian Sea. The chronology of these sediments has received very little attention compared to the under- and overlying marine deposits. The degree of bleaching was addressed by making use of the differential resetting rates of quartz and feldspar. Our results show that the quartz OSL and feldspar pIRIR50,290 signals were sufficiently bleached before deposition and uncertainties in bleaching have a negligible impact on the reliability of the luminescence ages. The combined quartz OSL and K-feldspar pIRIR50,290 chronology constrains the main stages of the Northern Caspian Lowland evolution during the Late Quaternary. During early MIS 5 (130–120 ka), the northern part of the Lower Volga was covered by a shallow brackish water estuary of the warm Late Khazarian Caspian Sea transgression. After ∼122 ka, the Volga incised the Northern Caspian Lowland surface following sea-level decrease and the start of subaerial conditions at Leninsk. Loess accumulation rate increased towards the end of MIS 5 and two palaeosols of presumably MIS 5с and MIS 5a age formed, exhibiting features evidencing a dry, cold climate, influenced by long seasonal flooding by the Volga River. Cryogenesis affecting the MIS 5a soil is a regional phenomenon and is dated to between ∼70 and 90 ka. The overlying thick Atelian loess unit formed during the cold periods of MIS 4 and MIS 3. Clear erosional features at the top of the Atelian loess are constrained by luminescence to ∼35 to ∼24 ka, allowing reconstruction of erosion of 150–200 cm of loess.},
  issn = {1871-1014}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_jinxiaoli_2009,
  title = {Regionalization study of a conceptual hydrological model in Dongjiang basin, south China},
  author = {Jin, Xiaoli and Xu, Chong-yu and Zhang, Qi and Chen, David and Zhonggen, Wang},
  year = {2009},
  journal = {Quaternary International},
  volume = {1},
  number = {208},
  pages = {129--137},
  doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2008.08.006},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {quaternary geology; kvartärgeologi},
  abstract = {The seasonal variability and spatial distribution of precipitation are the main cause of flood and drought events. The study of spatial distribution and temporal trend of precipitation in river basins has been paid more and more attention. However, in China, the precipitation data are measured by weather stations (WS) of China Meteorological Administration and hydrological rain gauges (RG) of national and local hydrology bureau. The WS data usually have long record with fewer stations, while the RG data usually have short record with more stations. The consistency and correlation of these two data sets have not been well understood. In this paper, the precipitation data from 30 weather stations for 1958-2007 and 248 rain gauges for 1995-2004 in the Haihe River basin are examined and compared using linear regression, 5-year moving average, Mann-Kendall trend analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Z test and F test methods. The results show that the annual precipitation from both WS and RG records are normally distributed with minor difference in the mean value and variance. It is statistically feasible to extend the precipitation of RG by WS data sets. Using the extended precipitation data, the detailed spatial distribution of the annual and seasonal precipitation amounts as well as their temporal trends are calculated and mapped. The various distribution maps produced in the study show that for the whole basin the precipitation of 1958-2007 has been decreasing except for spring season. The decline trend is significant in summer, and this trend is stronger after the 1980s. The annual and seasonal precipitation amounts and changing trends are different in different regions and seasons. The precipitation is decreasing from south to north, from coastal zone to inland area.},
  issn = {1040-6182}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_chenyongqindavid_2010,
  title = {Multiscale streamflow variations of the Pearl River basin and possible implications for the water resource management within the Pearl River Delta, China},
  author = {Chen, Yongqin David and Zhang, Qiang and Xu, Chong-Yu and Lu, Xixi and Zhang, Shurong},
  year = {2010},
  journal = {Quaternary International},
  volume = {1},
  number = {226},
  pages = {44--53},
  doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2009.08.014},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  abstract = {Long monthly streamflow series of three control hydrological stations of the Pearl River basin were analyzed by using the scanning t-test and the scanning F-test. Possible implications of the changing properties of streamflow variations for the water resource management of the Pearl River Delta are also discussed. The results indicated that: 1) more complicated changes were observed in terms of the second center moment when compared to the first original moment More significant abrupt changes of the second center moment imply more sensitive response of streamflow stability to climate changes and human activities; 2) abrupt behaviors of the first (second) center moment of the streamflow variations tend to be more sensitive to climate changes and/or human activities in the larger river basin when compared to those in the smaller river basin. These phenomena are attributed to buffering functions of more storage space of longer river channel, and more complicated and longer runoff yield and concentration processes in the river basin of larger drainage area; 3) annual minimum streamflow of the Pearl River basin tends to be increasing. This will be helpful for better human mitigation of the salinity intrusion in dry seasons across the Pearl River Delta. Annual maximum streamflow, when compared to annual minimum streamflow, shows larger-magnitude variability reflected by larger standard deviation, implying unfavorable conditions for flood mitigation in the Pearl River Delta. The results of this paper are of scientific and practical merits for water resource management and sound human mitigation to water hazards across the Pearl River Delta, and also are a good case study for similar researches in other river deltas in the world under the changing environment. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.},
  issn = {1040-6182}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_wolfd_2013,
  title = {Late Quaternary fluvial dynamics of the Jarama River in central Spain},
  author = {Wolf, D. and Seim, Andrea and del Olmo, F. D. and Faust, D.},
  year = {2013},
  journal = {Quaternary International},
  number = {302},
  pages = {20--41},
  doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2013.02.012},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {central iberian peninsula; climate-change; soil-erosion; environmental-change; late pleistocene; human impact; ne spain; rainfall; variability; northeastern spain; sedimentary record; ns a; 1988; palaeogeography palaeoclimatology palaeoecology; v66; p243; eece rc; 1991; journal of biogeography; v18; p409},
  abstract = {The Jarama River and its catchment provide a valuable natural archive to study and reconstruct past environmental conditions in central Spain. This region is highly prone to changes in the hydrological cycle under predicted climate warming in particular with respect to aridity periods, rainfall variability and the occurrence of extreme flood events. This paper presents 15 exposures covering a time span of the last 44 ka, which were documented in the field and of which seven exposures were soil-chemical analyzed regarding soil texture, organic matter, as well as carbonate and iron content. Ages are based on radiocarbon dating on 32 samples. Latest Holocene sediments were found within the channel-belt, where permanent remobilization of sediments takes place due to the migration of the meandering river course. In more distal floodplain positions, sediment sequences show a complex fluvial architecture referring to periods of varying character and intensity of alluviation as well as periods of geomorphic stability indicated by soil formation. Furthermore, sedimentation patterns vary along different river sections. Aggradations of coarse gravels took place between similar to 40 and 18 ka cal BP over the entire valley floor. Alluviation of fine material was documented between 17 and 16, at similar to 7.5, between 5.1 and 3.3, at 2.8, between 2.1 and 1.5, at similar to 1.0, and around 0.4 ka cal BP until recent times. Astonishingly in late Holocene times, between 4.2 and 3.1 ka cal BP, aggradations of coarse gravels even in distal floodplain areas overlap with sedimentation of fine material in adjacent river sections pointing to a complex constellation of parameters involved. Periods of soil formation were detected around 43, at 31, between 16 and 12.6, after 7.5 until 5.1, between 2.8 and 2.1 and at times after 1.5 ka cal BP. Phases of geomorphic stagnation were found at 38 ka cal BP and for a duration of 200 years at 3.0 ka cal BP and refer to absent geomorphic or pedogenic processes. All these patterns are an expression of the interaction between climatic variations, tectonic impulses and human influences. A comparison with other terrestrial archives enabled us to reconstruct late Pleistocene and Holocene palaeoenvironmental conditions on a regional scale, and furthermore to link specific stages of floodplain development to prevalent influencing variables. Thus, with emphasis on the fluvial system response, a model of a cause and effect relationship is presented, that concentrates on rapid climate changes, long-lasting climatic deteriorations and the role of human interventions. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.},
  issn = {1040-6182}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hahnannette_2016,
  title = {Holocene paleo-climatic record from the South African Namaqualand mudbelt: A source to sink approach},
  author = {Hahn, Annette and Compton, John S. and Meyer-Jacob, Carsten and Kirsten, Kelly L. and Lucasssen, Friedrich and Perez Mayo, Manuel and Schefuß, Enno and Zabel, Matthias},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Quaternary International},
  number = {404},
  pages = {121--135},
  doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2015.10.017},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {provenance studies; oranje river; marine sediments; westerlies; sr-nd isotopes; ftir-spectroscopy},
  abstract = {Variations in the sediment input to the Namaqualand mudbelt during the Holocene are assessed using an integrative terrestrial to marine, source to sink approach. Geochemical and Sr and Nd isotopic signatures are used to distinguish fluvial sediment source areas. Relative to the sediments of the Olifants River, craton outcrops in the northern Orange River catchment have a more radiogenic Sr and a more unradiogenic Nd isotopic signature. Furthermore, upper Orange River sediments are rich in heavier elements such as Ti and Fe derived from the chemical weathering of Drakensberg flood basalt. Suspension load signatures change along the Orange River's westward transit as northern catchments contribute physical weathering products from the Fish and Molopo River catchment area. Marine cores offshore of the Olifants (GeoB8323-2) and Orange (GeoB8331-4) River mouths show pulses of increased contribution of Olifants River and upper Orange River input, respectively. These pulses coincide with intervals of increased terrestrial organic matter flux and increased paleo-production at the respective core sites. We attribute this to an increase in fluvial activity and vegetation cover in the adjacent catchments during more humid climate conditions. The contrast in the timing of these wet phases in the catchment areas reflects the bipolar behavior of the South African summer and winter rainfall zones. While rainfall in the Orange River catchment is related to southward shifts in the ICTZ, rainfall in the Olifants catchment is linked to northward shifts in Southern Hemisphere Westerly storm tracks. The later may also have increased southern Benguela upwelling in the past by reducing the shedding of Agulhas eddies into the Atlantic. The high-resolution records of latitudinal shifts in these atmospheric circulation systems correspond to late Holocene centennial-millennial scale climate variability evident in Antarctic ice core records. The mudbelt cores indicate that phases of high summer rainfall zone and low winter rainfall zone humidity (at ca. 2.8 and 1 ka BP) may be synchronous with Antarctic warming events. On the other hand, dry conditions in the summer rainfall zone along with wet conditions in the winter rainfall zone (at ca 3.3, 2 and 0.5 ka BP) may be associated with Antarctic cooling events.},
  issn = {1040-6182}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_reevesjessicam_2013,
  title = {Palaeoenvironmental change in tropical Australasia over the last 30,000 years - a synthesis by the OZ-INTIMATE group},
  author = {Reeves, Jessica M. and Bostock, Helen C. and Ayliffe, Linda K. and Barrows, Timothy T. and De Deckker, Patrick and Devriendt, Laurent S. and Dunbar, Gavin B. and Drysdale, Russell N. and Fitzsimmons, Kathryn E. and Gagan, Michael K. and Griffiths, Michael L. and Haberle, Simon G. and Jansen, John D. and Krause, Claire and Lewis, Stephen and McGregor, Helen V. and Mooney, Scott D. and Moss, Patrick and Nanson, Gerald C. and Purcell, Anthony and van der Kaars, Sander},
  year = {2013},
  journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
  number = {74},
  pages = {97--114},
  doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.11.027},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {itcz; lgm; intimate; australasia; indo-pacific warm pool; tropics; australian monsoon},
  abstract = {The tropics are the major source of heat and moisture for the Australasian region. Determining the tropics' response over time to changes in climate forcing mechanisms, such as summer insolation, and the effects of relative sea level on exposed continental shelves during the Last Glacial period, is an ongoing process of re-evaluation. We present a synthesis of climate proxy data from tropical Australasia spanning the last 30,000 years that incorporates deep sea core, coral, speleothem, pollen, charcoal and terrestrial sedimentary records. Today, seasonal variability is governed largely by the annual migration of the inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ), influencing this region most strongly during the austral summer. However, the position of the ITCZ has varied through time. Towards the end of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3, conditions were far wetter throughout the region, becoming drier first in the south. Universally cooler land and sea-surface temperature (SST) were characteristic of the Last Glacial Maximum, with drier conditions than previously, although episodic wet periods are noted in the fluvial records of northern Australia. The deglacial period saw warming first in the Coral Sea and then the Indonesian seas, with a pause in this trend around the time of the Antarctic Cold Reversal (c. 14.5 ka), coincident with the flooding of the Sunda Shelf. Wetter conditions occurred first in Indonesia around 17 ka and northern Australia after 14 ka. The early Holocene saw a peak in marine SST to the northwest and northeast of Australia. Modern vegetation was first established on Indonesia, then progressively south and eastward to NE Australia. Flores and the Atherton Tablelands show a dry period around 11.6 ka, steadily becoming wetter through the early Holocene. The mid-late Holocene was punctuated by millennial-scale variability, associated with the El Nino-Southern Oscillation; this is evident in the marine, coral, speleothem and pollen records of the region.},
  issn = {0277-3791}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hoffmanngsta_2015,
  title = {Geo-archaeological evidence for a Holocene extreme flooding event within the Arabian Sea (Ras al Hadd, Oman)},
  author = {Hoffmann, Gösta and Grützner, Christoph and Reicherter, Klaus and Preusser, Frank},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
  number = {113},
  pages = {123--133},
  doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.09.033},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {tsunami early warning system; makran subduction zone; ground penetrating radar; storm surge; cyclone; early bronze age; high resolution digital elevation model},
  abstract = {The Arabian Sea is regarded as one of the least studied regions in terms of coastal hazards such as tropical cyclones and tsunamis. Parts of the coastline are developing rapidly, especially in Oman. This calls for a proper understanding of the natural processes that act on and affect it. This can be done by investigating the magnitude and impact of past events, in particular on human settlements. By doing this, future risks may not only be scientifically predicted and evaluated, but the damage caused by future events might even be mitigated. Evidence of past extreme wave events is preserved in the onshore stratigraphic record. In addition to this, the coastal zone of Oman is rich in archaeological remains. Presented here are the results of comprehensive mapping and analysis of extreme wave deposits of an archaeological site near Ras al-Hadd, suggesting that the Early Bronze Age site HD-6 was inundated at 4450 cal. BP. An event layer is identified between two settlement phases within the archaeological excavation. A contemporaneous sand bed with a maximum thickness of 0.4 m was mapped in the vicinity of the settlement. Ground penetrating radar surveys allow measurement of the thickness as well as identification of the internal facies architecture of the deposit. A high resolution digital elevation model reveals the coastal geomorphology. It is concluded that the causative event must have been a tsunami that was most likely generated within the Makran Subduction Zone. This interpretation does however, remain tentative at the moment Archaeological evidence indicates that the site was immediately re-occupied after the event, which attests to a certain resiliences of the Early Bronze Age coastal communities in the region.},
  issn = {0277-3791}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_rouillardalexandra_2016_1,
  title = {Evidence for extreme floods in arid subtropical northwest Australia during the Little Ice Age chronozone (CE 1400-1850)},
  author = {Rouillard, Alexandra and Skrzypek, G. and Turney, C. and Dogramaci, S. and Hua, Q. and Zawadzki, A. and Reeves, J. and Greenwood, P. and O'Donnell, A. J. and Grierson, P. F.},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
  number = {144},
  pages = {107--122},
  doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.05.004},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {hydroclimate; intertropical convergence zone (itcz); late holocene; little ice age (lia); sediment; paleolimnology; pilbara},
  abstract = {Here we report a similar to 2000-year sediment sequence from the Fortescue Marsh (Martuyitha) in the eastern Pilbara region, which we have used to investigate changing hydroclimatic conditions in the arid subtropics of northwest Australia. The Pilbara is located at the intersection of the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans and its modern rainfall regime is strongly influenced by tropical cyclones, the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool. We identified four distinct periods within the record. The most recent period (P1: CE similar to 1990-present) reveals hydroclimatic conditions over recent decades that are the most persistently wet of potentially the last similar to 2000 years. During the previous centuries (P2: similar to CE 1600-1990), the Fortescue Marsh was overall drier but likely punctuated by a number of extreme floods, which are defined here as extraordinary, strongly episodic floods in drylands generated by rainfall events of high volume and intensity. The occurrence of extreme floods during this period, which encompasses the Little Ice Age (LIA; CE 1400-1850), is coherent with other southern tropical datasets along the ITCZ over the last 2000 years, suggesting synchronous hydroclimatic changes across the region. This extreme flood period was preceded by several hundred years (P3: similar to CE 700-1600) of less vigorous but more regular flows. The earliest period of the sediment record (P4: similar to CE 100-700) was the most arid, with sedimentary and preservation processes driven by prolonged drought. Our results highlight the importance of developing paleoclimate records from the tropical and sub-tropical arid zone, providing a long-term baseline of hydrological conditions in areas with limited historical observations. },
  issn = {0277-3791}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_margoldmartin_2018,
  title = {Repeated megafloods from glacial Lake Vitim, Siberia, to the Arctic Ocean over the past 60,000 years},
  author = {Margold, Martin and Jansen, John D. and Codilean, Alexandru T. and Preusser, Frank and Gurinov, Artem L. and Fujioka, Toshiyuki and Fink, David},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
  number = {187},
  pages = {41--61},
  doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.03.005},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  abstract = {Cataclysmic outburst floods transformed landscapes and caused abrupt climate change during the last deglaciation. Whether such events have also characterized previous deglaciations is not known. Arctic marine cores hint at megafloods prior to Oxygen Isotope Stage (OIS) 2, but the overprint of successive glaciations means that geomorphological traces of ancient floods remain scarce in Eurasia and North America. Here we present the first well-constrained terrestrial megaflood record to be linked with Arctic archives. Based on cosmogenic-nuclide exposure dating and optically stimulated luminescence dating applied to glacial-lake sediments, a 300-m deep bedrock spillway, and giant eddy-bars > 200-m high, we reconstruct a history of cataclysmic outburst floods from glacial Lake Vitim, Siberia, to the Arctic Ocean over the past 60,000-years. Three megafloods have reflected the rhythm of Eurasian glaciations, leaving traces that stretch more than 3500 km to the Lena Delta. The first flood was coincident with deglaciation from OIS-4 and the largest meltwater spike in Arctic marine-cores within the past 100,000 years (isotope-event 3.31 at 55.5 ka). The second flood marked the lead up to the local Last Glacial Maximum, and the third flood occurred during the last deglaciation. This final 3000 km(3) megaflood stands as one of the largest freshwater floods ever documented, with peak discharge of 4.0-6.5 million m(3)s(-1), mean flow depths of 120-150 m, and average flow velocities up to 21 ms(-1)},
  issn = {0277-3791}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_regnllcarl_2023,
  title = {Ice-dammed lakes and deglaciation history of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet in central Jämtland, Sweden},
  author = {Regnéll, Carl and Becher, Gustaf Peterson and Ohrling, Christian and Greenwood, Sarah L. and Gyllencreutz, Richard and Blomdin, Robin and Brendryen, Jo and Goodfellow, Bradley W. and Mikko, Henrik and Ransed, Gunnel and Smith, Colby},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
  number = {314},
  pages = {314},
  doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108219},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {quaternary; glaciation; scandinavia; geomorphology; glacial; deglaciation; proglacial lakes; glof; fennoscandian ice sheet; isostasy},
  abstract = {Extensive glacial lakes dammed in the Scandinavian Mountains during the retreat of the last Scandinavian Ice Sheet were first hypothesised over a century ago. Here, using high-resolution LiDAR, we report >4500 relict shorelines, deltas and palaeo-channels related to ice-dammed lakes over a -30 000 km2 area of central Jämtland, west-central Sweden. Shorelines occur as flights on the valley sides, a consequence of sequential lowering of palaeo-lake levels during ice margin retreat and lower threshold outlets becoming ice-free. Based on the extent and elevation of shorelines, we identify requisite lake-damming ice-margin positions and lake drainage outlets, and we reconstruct the coupled evolution of ice-dammed lakes and the retreating ice margin. Beginning as a series of smaller ice-dammed lakes along the Swedish-Norwegian border, draining westward across the present-day water divide and into the Atlantic Ocean, the lakes successively coalesced during eastward ice margin retreat to form water bodies covering 1000s of km2 with 10s of km-long calving margins. Ultimately, the lake system coalesced into a single lake: the Central Jämtland Ice Lake, which exceeded 3500 km2 in area and 360 km3 in volume. Eventually, the damming ice-margin split in two, resulting in a large (-200 km2) catastrophic glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) that reversed the drainage of the entire lake system from the west to an eastern outlet draining to the Baltic basin. We present new radiocarbon ages for one lake drainage event prior to the eastward outburst flood and, together with previously published deglacial ages and local varve records, we suggest that the region was possibly deglaciated within just 350 years, sometime between 10.5 and 9.2 cal ka BP. We tentatively correlate the penultimate drainage of the Central Jämtland Ice Lake to the zero-varve of the Swedish Time Scale, a drainage varve at Döviken, eastern Jämtland, raising the tantalising prospect of using the evolution of the ice-dammed lake system to tie the varve-based Swedish Time Scale to the radiocarbon timescale with a new programme of radiocarbon dating in central Jämtland. },
  issn = {0277-3791}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hllbergpetterl_2024,
  title = {Disentangling seasonal and annual precipitation signals in the tropics over the Holocene: Insights from δD, alkanes and GDGTs},
  author = {Hällberg, Petter L. and Smittenberg, Rienk and Kylander, Malin E. and Villanueva, Joan and Davtian, Nina and Hapsari, Anggi and Sjöström, Jenny K. and Axelsson, Josefine and Jarne-Bueno, Guillermo and Yamoah, Kweku and Rifai, Hamdi and Schenk, Frederik},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
  number = {344},
  pages = {344},
  doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.108948},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {leaf waxes; indo-pacific warm pool (ipwp); southeast asia; biomarkers; stable isotopes; organic geochemistry; paleoclimatology},
  abstract = {Rainfall seasonality in the tropics has a substantial impact on both ecosystems and human livelihoods. Yet, reconstructions of past rainfall variability have so far generally been unable to differentiate between annual and seasonal precipitation changes. Past variations in seasonality are therefore largely unknown. Here, we disentangle hydrogen isotopic (δD) signals from terrestrial leaf waxes and algae in an 8000-year peat core from Sumatra, which reflect annual versus wet season rainfall signals, respectively. We validate these results using lipid biomarkers by reconstructing vegetation dynamics via n-alkane distributions and peatland hydrological conditions using glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs), as well as biomass burning using levoglucosan concentrations in the core. Finally, we compare our proxy results to a transient climate model simulation (MPI-ESM1.2) to identify the mechanism for seasonality changes. We find that algal δD indicates stronger Indonesian-Australian Summer Monsoon (IASM) precipitation in the Mid-Holocene, between 8 and 4.2 cal ka BP. A period of alternating flooding, droughts and wildfires is reconstructed between 6 and 4.2 cal ka BP, implicating very strong monsoonal precipitation and drying out and burning during a longer and intensified dry season. We attribute this strong rainfall seasonality in the Mid-Holocene mainly to orbitally forced insolation seasonality and a strengthened IASM, consistent with the modeling results. In terms of annual rainfall, terrestrial plant δD, vegetation composition and GDGTs all indicate wetter conditions peaking between 3 and 4.5 cal ka BP, preceded by drier conditions, followed by drastic and rapid drying in the late Holocene from around 2.8 cal ka BP. Our multiproxy annual precipitation reconstruction thereby indicates the wettest overall conditions approximately 1500–2000 years later than a nearby speleothem δ18O record, which instead follows the seasonally biased algal δD in our record. We, therefore, hypothesize that speleothem reconstructions over the Holocene in parts of the tropics with low but significant seasonality may carry a stronger seasonal component than previously suggested. The data presented here contribute with new insights on how isotopic rainfall proxies in the tropics can be interpreted. Our findings resolve the seasonal versus annual components of Holocene rainfall variability in the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool region, highlighting the importance of considering seasonality in rainfall reconstructions.},
  issn = {0277-3791}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_christelstephan_2019,
  title = {Comparison of Boreal Acid Sulfate Soil Microbial Communities in Oxidative and Reductive Environments},
  author = {Christel, Stephan and Yu, Changxun and Wu, Xiaofen and Josefsson, Sarah and Lillhonga, Tom and Högfors-Rönnholm, Eva and Sohlenius, Gustav and Åström, Mats E. and Dopson, Mark},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Research in Microbiology},
  volume = {6},
  number = {170},
  pages = {288--295},
  doi = {10.1016/j.resmic.2019.06.002},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {sulfide mineral; metal; sulfur; 16s rrna gene; mitigation; wetland; environmental science},
  abstract = {Due to land uplift after the last ice age, previously stable Baltic Sea sulfidic sediments are becoming dry land. When these sediments are drained, the sulfide minerals are exposed to air and can release large amounts of metals and acid into the environment. This can cause severe ecological damage such as fish kills in rivers feeding the northern Baltic Sea. In this study, five sites were investigated for the occurrence of acid sulfate soils and their geochemistry and microbiology was identified. The pH and soil chemistry identified three of the areas as having classical acid sulfate soil characteristics and culture independent identification of 16S rRNA genes identified populations related to acidophilic bacteria capable of catalyzing sulfidic mineral dissolution, including species likely adapted to low temperature. These results were compared to an acid sulfate soil area that had been flooded for ten years and showed that the previously oxidized sulfidic materials had an increased pH compared to the unremediated oxidizied layers. In addition, the microbiology of the flooded soil had changed such that alkalinity producing ferric and sulfate reducing reactions had likely occurred. This suggested that flooding of acid sulfate soils mitigates their environmental impact.},
  issn = {0923-2508}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_vajdavivi_2007,
  title = {Extinction and recovery patterns of the vegetation across the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary — a tool for unravelling the causes of the end-Permian mass-extinction},
  author = {Vajda, Vivi and McLoughlin, Stephen},
  year = {2007},
  journal = {Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology},
  number = {144},
  pages = {99--112},
  doi = {10.1016/j.revpalbo.2005.09.007},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {cretaceous–paleogene; mass-extinction; palaeobotany; palynology; permian–triassic; vegetation; disaster species; recovery flora; the changing earth; den föränderliga jorden},
  abstract = {High-resolution palynofloral signatures through the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary succession show several features in common with the Permian–Triassic transition but there are also important differences. Southern Hemisphere Cretaceous–Palaeogene successions, to date studied at high resolution only in New Zealand, reveal a diverse palynoflora abruptly replaced by fungi-dominated assemblages that are in turn succeeded by low diversity suites dominated by fern spores, then gymnosperm- and angiosperm-dominated palynofloras of equivalent diversity to those of the Late Cretaceous. This palynofloral signature is interpreted to represent instantaneous (days to months) destruction of diverse forest communities associated with the Chicxulub impact event. The pattern of palynofloral change suggests wholesale collapse of vascular plant communities and short-term proliferation of saprotrophs followed by relatively rapid successional recovery of pteridophyte and seed–plant communities. The Permian–Triassic transition records global devastation of gymnosperm-dominated forests in a short zone synchronous with one or more peaks of the fungal/algal palynomorph Reduviasporonites. This zone is typically succeeded by assemblages rich in lycophyte spores and/or acritarchs. Higher in the succession, these assemblages give way to diverse palynofloras dominated by new groups of gymnosperms. Although different plant families were involved in the mass-extinctions, the general pattern of extinction and recovery is consistent between both events. The major difference is the longer duration for each phase of the Triassic recovery vegetation compared to that of the Paleocene. The protracted extinction-recovery succession at the Permian–Triassic boundary is incompatible with an instantaneous causal mechanism such as an impact of a celestial body but is consistent with hypotheses invoking extended environmental perturbations through flood-basalt volcanism and release of methane from continental shelf sediments.},
  issn = {0034-6667}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_tagessont_2018,
  title = {Disaggregation of SMOS soil moisture over West Africa using the Temperature and Vegetation Dryness Index based on SEVIRI land surface parameters},
  author = {Tagesson, T. and Horion, S. and Nieto, H. and Zaldo Fornies, V. and Mendiguren González, G. and Bulgin, C. E. and Ghent, D. and Fensholt, R.},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},
  number = {206},
  pages = {424--441},
  doi = {10.1016/j.rse.2017.12.036},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  abstract = {The overarching objective of this study was to produce a disaggregated SMOS Soil Moisture (SM) product using land surface parameters from a geostationary satellite in a region covering a diverse range of ecosystem types. SEVIRI data at 15 min temporal resolution were used to derive the Temperature and Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI) that served as SM proxy within the disaggregation process. West Africa (3°N 26°W; 28°N 26°E) was selected as a case study as it presents both an important North-South climate gradient and a diverse range of ecosystem types. The main challenge was to set up a methodology applicable over a large area that overcomes the constraints of SMOS (low spatial resolution) and TVDI (requires similar atmospheric forcing and triangular shape formed when plotting morning rise temperature versus fraction of vegetation cover) in order to produce a 0.05° resolution disaggregated SMOS SM product at the sub-continental scale. Consistent cloud cover appeared as one of the main constraints for derivingTVDI, especially during the rainy season and in the southern parts of the region and a large adjustment window (105 × 105 SEVIRI pixels) was therefore deemed necessary. Both the original and the disaggregated SMOS SM products described well the seasonal dynamics observed at six locations of in situ observations. However, there was an overestimation in both products for sites in the humid southern regions; most likely caused by the presence of forest. Both TVDI and the associated disaggregated SM product were found to be highly sensitive to algorithm input parameters; especially for conditions of high fraction of vegetation cover. Additionally, seasonal dynamics in TVDI did not follow the seasonal patterns of SM. Still, its spatial heterogeneity was found to be a good proxy for disaggregating SMOS SM data; main river networks and spatial patterns of SM extremes (i.e. droughts and floods) not seen in the original SMOS SM product were revealed in the disaggregated SM product for a test case of July–September 2012. The disaggregation methodology thereby successfully increased the spatial resolution of SMOS SM, with potential application for local drought/flood monitoring of importance for the livelihood of the population of West Africa.},
  issn = {0034-4257}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kratzersusanne_2020,
  title = {Inorganic suspended matter as an indicator of terrestrial influence in Baltic Sea coastal areas - Algorithm development and validation, and ecological relevance},
  author = {Kratzer, Susanne and Kyryliuk, Dmytro and Brockmann, Carsten},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},
  number = {237},
  pages = {237},
  doi = {10.1016/j.rse.2019.111609},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {inorganic suspended matter; remote sensing reflectance; particle scatter; white scatterers; algorithm development; sentinel-3 ocean and land colour instrument (olci); c2rcc neural net; snap; light limitation; baltic sea},
  abstract = {Suspended particulate matter (SPM) consists both of an organic (OSPM) and an inorganic fraction (ISPM) and the latter can be used as an indicator for coastal influence in the Baltic Sea. The concentration of SPM can be derived from particle scatter if the specific scattering properties of the respective water body are known. In this paper we show that likewise, ISPM can be derived reliably from remotely sensed particle scatter. An empirical algorithm between particle scatter (AC9 data) and ISPM concentration (measured gravimetrically) was derived from in-water measurements. This regional algorithm was then applied to the iop_bpart level 2 product (i.e. the particle scatter measured at 443 nm) derived from OLCI data on Sentinel-A (S3A) using the C2RCC neural network and validated against an independent data set. The standard error of the derived OLCI match-up data was 10%, and was thus within the goal of the mission requirements of Sentinel-3. The generated S3 composite images from spring and autumn 2018 show that in the Baltic Sea most of the ISPM falls out rather close to the shore, whereas only a very small proportion of ISPM is carried further off-shore. This is also supported by in situ ISPM transects measured in the coastal zone. The ISPM images clearly highlight the areas that are most strongly influenced by terrestrial matter. Differences between the NE Baltic and the SE Baltic proper can be explained by the difference in hydrology and coastal influence as well as bathymetry and wind-wave stirring. The method is of interest for coastal zone management and for assessing the effect of seasonal changes in terrestrial run-off and wind-driven resuspension of sediments. It can also be used to evaluate the effect of climate change which has led to an increase of extreme storm and flooding events that are usually accompanied by increased erosion and run-off from land. Last but not least, turbidity caused by particles influences the light conditions in inner coastal areas and bays, which has a profound effect on pelagic productivity, the maximum growth of macroalgae as well as fish behaviour.},
  issn = {0034-4257}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_houxuejiao_2020,
  title = {Anthropogenic transformation of Yangtze Plain freshwater lakes: patterns, drivers and impacts},
  author = {Hou, Xuejiao and Feng, Lian and Tang, Jing and Song, Xiao-peng and Liu, Junguo and Zhang, Yunlin and Wang, Junjian and Xu, Yang and Dai, Yanhui and Zheng, Yi and Zheng, Chunmiao and Bryan, Brett A.},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Remote Sensing of Environment},
  number = {248},
  pages = {248},
  doi = {10.1016/j.rse.2020.111998},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  abstract = {Over the past half century, the Yangtze Plain of China has experienced rapid economic development. Lake reclamation (i.e., conversion of natural lake/wetland areas to agricultural/urban land or aquaculture, thereby reducing the area of natural waters) in particular has greatly contributed to meeting the increasing demands for food and urban development. However, until now, a comprehensive quantification and understanding of historical anthropogenic lacustrine exploitation in this region has been lacking, prohibiting assessment of the impacts of these activities. We used Landsat observations from 1973 to 2018 to track reclamation-induced changes in 112 large lakes (97.8% of the total lake area) in the Yangtze Plain. We show that 41.6% (6056.9 km2) of the total lake area has been reclaimed since the 1970s. The expansion of agricultural and built-up lands dominated the reclamation activities in the 1970s, while the increase of aquaculture zones has prevailed since the mid-1980s. Reclamation activities were closely connected to government policies and major socio-economic events and had strong impacts on lake hydrology, flood risk mitigation capacity, and water quality as revealed by satellite and in situ observations. This new quantitative understanding of anthropogenic reclamation and its associated impacts on Yangtze Plain freshwater lakes can underpin the development of strategies to reduce the impacts of lake reclamation on environmental quality. The study has also demonstrated the unique strength of using long-term series satellite images in tracking historical environmental changes in a substantial region of the world, and the methods used here are potentially extendable to other inland and coastal areas to understand similar human-environment interaction problems.},
  issn = {0034-4257}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_buffamishi_2008,
  title = {Spatial heterogeneity of the spring flood acid pulse in a boreal stream network.},
  author = {Buffam, Ishi and Laudon, Hjalmar and Seibert, Jan and Mörth, Carl Magnus and Bishop, Kevin},
  year = {2008},
  journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
  volume = {1},
  number = {407},
  pages = {708--22},
  doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.10.006},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  abstract = {Spatial and temporal patterns in streamwater acidity are ecologically important, but difficult to measure in parallel. Here we present the spatial distribution of streamwater chemistry relevant to acidity from 60 stream sites distributed throughout a 67 km(2) boreal catchment, sampled during a period of winter baseflow (high pH) and during a spring flood episode (low pH). Sites were grouped based on pH level and pH change from winter baseflow to spring flood. The site attributes of each pH group were then assessed in terms of both stream chemistry and subcatchment landscape characteristics. Winter baseflow pH was high throughout most of the stream network (median pH 6.4), but during the spring flood episode stream sites experienced declines in pH ranging from 0-1.6 pH units, resulting in pH ranging from 4.3-6.3. Spring flood pH was highest in larger, lower altitude catchments underlain by fine sorted sediments, and lowest in small, higher altitude catchments with a mixture of peat wetlands and forested till. Wetland-dominated headwater catchments had low but stable pH, while the spring flood pH drop was largest in a group of catchments of intermediate size which contained well-developed coniferous forest and a moderate proportion of peat wetlands. There was a trend with distance downstream of higher pH, acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) and base cation concentrations together with lower dissolved organic carbon (DOC, strongly negatively correlated with pH). This apparent scale-dependence of stream chemistry could be explained by a number of environmental factors which vary predictably with altitude, catchment area and distance downstream-most notably, a shift in surficial sediment type from unsorted till and peat wetlands to fine sorted sediments at lower altitudes in this catchment. As a result of the combination of spatial heterogeneity in landscape characteristics and scale-related processes, boreal catchments like this one can be expected to experience high spatial variability both in terms of chemistry at any given point in time, and in the change experienced during high discharge episodes. Although chemistry patterns showed associations with landscape characteristics, considerable additional variability remained, suggesting that the modeling of dynamic stream chemistry from map parameters will continue to present a challenge. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
  issn = {0048-9697}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_andrnceciliam_2013,
  title = {Response of Gammarus pulex and Baetis rhodani to springtime acid episodes in humic brooks},
  author = {Andrén, Cecilia M. and Eriksson Wiklund, Ann-Kristin},
  year = {2013},
  journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
  number = {463},
  pages = {690--699},
  doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.059},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {thresholds al-1 and ph; gammarus pulex; baetis rhodani; ion regulation; liming strategy; acidification},
  abstract = {While chronic acidification of water bodies has been steadily decreasing, episodic acidification continues to affect stream biology by temporarily decreasing pH and mobilizing aluminum. These events are becoming more common as climate change renders more frequent and intense storms and flooding. Throughout Scandinavia, the effects of acidification have been mitigated by liming since the 1980s, but remediation efforts can now be reduced. While transient acidity may reduce fish populations, also other species in streams are affected. In this in-stream study, two macro-invertebrates (Gammarus pulex and Baetis rhodani), both known as salmonid prey organisms, were exposed to snowmelt in six humic brooks with a natural gradient of pH and inorganic monomeric Al (Al-i). We hypothesize that acid toxicity thresholds can be defined using lethal (mortality) and sublethal (changes in body elemental content) metrics. Periodic observations were made of mortality and whole body concentrations of base cations (BC: Ca, Mg, Na and K) and metals (Al, Fe, Zn and Mn). Mortality increased dramatically at pH < 6.0 and Al-i > 15 mu g/L for G. pulex and at pH < 5.7 and Al-i > 20 mu g/L for B. rhodani. No accumulation of Al was found. The invertebrate body Na concentration decreased when pH dropped, suggesting that osmoregulation in both species was affected. In contrast to general BC pattern, Ca concentration in G. pulex and Mg concentration in B. rhodani increased when pH decreased. Although Ali strongly correlates to pH, the Al composition of soil and bedrock also influences Al availability, potentially contributing to toxic Al; episodes. The estimated values calculated in this study can be used to improve water quality criteria and as thresholds to adjust doses of lime compared to old recommendations in ongoing liming programs. Such adjustments may be critical since both Ali and pH levels have to be balanced to mitigate damage to recovering stream ecosystems.},
  issn = {0048-9697}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kalantarizahra_2014_1,
  title = {On the utilization of hydrological modelling for road drainage design under climate and land use change},
  author = {Kalantari, Zahra and Briel, Annemarie and Lyon, Steve W. and Olofsson, Bo and Folkeson, Lennart},
  year = {2014},
  journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
  number = {475},
  pages = {97--103},
  doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.114},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {flooding; drainage; culvert; dimension; hydrology; run off; climate change; 37 road: drainage and runoff},
  abstract = {Road drainage structures are often designed using methods that do not consider process-based representations of a landscape's hydrological response. This may create inadequately sized structures as coupled land cover and climate changes can lead to an amplified hydrological response. This study aims to quantify potential increases of runoff in response to future extreme rain events in a 61 km(2) catchment (40% forested) in southwest Sweden using a physically-based hydrological modelling approach. We simulate peak discharge and water level (stage) at two types of pipe bridges and one culvert, both of which are commonly used at Swedish road/stream intersections, under combined forest clear-cutting and future climate scenarios for 2050 and 2100. The frequency of changes in peak flow and water level varies with time (seasonality) and storm size. These changes indicate that the magnitude of peak flow and the runoff response are highly correlated to season rather than storm size. In all scenarios considered, the dimensions of the current culvert are insufficient to handle the increase in water level estimated using a physically-based modelling approach. It also appears that the water level at the pipe bridges changes differently depending on the size and timing of the storm events. The findings of the present study and the approach put forward should be considered when planning investigations on and maintenance for areas at risk of high water flows. In addition, the research highlights the utility of physically-based hydrological models to identify the appropriateness of road drainage structure dimensioning},
  issn = {0048-9697}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dileyihuntaddele_2016,
  title = {Assessing the implications of water harvesting intensification on upstream-downstream ecosystem services: A case study in the Lake Tana basin},
  author = {Dile, Yihun Taddele and Karlberg, Louise and Daggupati, Prasad and Srinivasan, Raghavan and Wiberg, David and Rockström, Johan},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
  number = {542},
  pages = {22--35},
  doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.065},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {water harvesting; ecosystem services; upstream-downstream; swat; lake tana; meso-scale},
  abstract = {Water harvesting systems have improved productivity in various regions in sub-Saharan Africa. Similarly, they can help retain water in landscapes, build resilience against droughts and dry spells, and thereby contribute to sustainable agricultural intensification. However, there is no strong empirical evidence that shows the effects of intensification of water harvesting on upstream-downstream social-ecological systems at a landscape scale. In this paper we develop a decision support system (DSS) for locating and sizing water harvesting ponds in a hydrological model, which enables assessments of water harvesting intensification on upstream-downstream ecosystem services in meso-scale watersheds. The DSS was used with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for a case-study area located in the Lake Tana basin, Ethiopia. We found that supplementary irrigation in combination with nutrient application increased simulated teff (Eragrostis tef, staple crop in Ethiopia) production up to three times, compared to the current practice. Moreover, after supplemental irrigation of teff, the excess water was used for dry season onion production of 7.66 t/ha (median). Water harvesting, therefore, can play an important role in increasing local-to regional-scale food security through increased and more stable food production and generation of extra income from the sale of cash crops. The annual total irrigation water consumption was similar to 4%-30% of the annual water yield from the entire watershed. In general, water harvesting resulted in a reduction in peak flows and an increase in low flows. Water harvesting substantially reduced sediment yield leaving the watershed. The beneficiaries of water harvesting ponds may benefit from increases in agricultural production. The downstream social-ecological systems may benefit from reduced food prices, reduced flooding damages, and reduced sediment influxes, as well as enhancements in low flows and water quality. The benefits of water harvesting warrant economic feasibility studies and detailed analyses of its ecological impacts.},
  issn = {0048-9697}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_futtermartyn_2016,
  title = {Fate and transport of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the River Thames catchment - Insights from a coupled multimedia fate and hydrobiogeochemical transport model},
  author = {Futter, Martyn},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
  number = {572},
  pages = {1461--1470},
  doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.029},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  abstract = {The fate of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in riverine environments is strongly influenced by hydrology (including flooding) and fluxes of sediments and organic carbon. Coupling multimedia fate models (MMFMs) and hydrobiogeochemical transport models offers unique opportunities for understanding the environmental behaviour of POPs. While MMFMs are widely used for simulating the fate and transport of legacy and emerging pollutants, they use greatly simplified representations of climate, hydrology and biogeochemical processes. Using additional information about weather, river flows and water chemistry in hydrobiogeochemical transport models can lead to new insights about POP behaviour in rivers. As most riverine POPs are associated with suspended sediments (SS) or dissolved organic carbon (DOC), coupled models simulating SS and DOC can provide additional insights about POPs behaviour. Coupled simulations of river flow, DOC, SS and POP dynamics offer the possibility of improved predictions of contaminant fate and fluxes by leveraging the additional information in routine water quality time series. Here, we present an application of a daily time step dynamic coupled multimedia fate and hydrobiogeochemical transport model (The Integrated Catchment (INCA) Contaminants model) to simulate the behaviour of selected PCB congeners in the River Thames (UK). This is a follow-up to an earlier study where a Level III fugacity model was used to simulate PCB behaviour in the Thames. While coupled models are more complex to apply, we show that they can lead to much better representation of POPs dynamics. The present study shows the importance of accurate sediment and organic carbon simulations to successfully predict riverine PCB transport. Furthermore, it demonstrates the important impact of short-term-weather variation on PCB movement through the environment. Specifically, it shows the consequences of the severe flooding, which occurred in early 2014 on sediment PCB concentrations in the River Thames. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V.},
  issn = {0048-9697}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kalantarizahra_2017,
  title = {Flood probability quantification for road infrastructure: Data-driven spatial-statistical approach and case study applications},
  author = {Kalantari, Zahra and Cavalli, Marco and Cantone, Carolina and Crema, Stefano and Destouni, Georgia},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
  number = {581},
  pages = {386--398},
  doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.147},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {sediment connectivity; climate change adaptation; gis; multivariate statistical model; decision making},
  abstract = {Climate-driven increase in the frequency of extreme hydrological events is expected to impose greater strain on the built environment and major transport infrastructure, such as roads and railways. This study develops a data-driven spatial-statistical approach to quantifying and mapping the probability of flooding at critical road-stream intersection locations, where water flow and sediment transport may accumulate and cause serious road damage. The approach is based on novel integration of key watershed and road characteristics, including also measures of sediment connectivity. The approach is concretely applied to and quantified for two specific study case examples in southwest Sweden, with documented road flooding effects of recorded extreme rainfall. The novel contributions of this study in combining a sediment connectivity account with that of soil type, land use, spatial precipitation-runoff variability and road drainage in catchments, and in extending the connectivity measure use for different types of catchments, improve the accuracy of model results for road flood probability.},
  issn = {0048-9697}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_sunzhenhua_2018,
  title = {Aquatic biodiversity in sedimentation ponds receiving road runoff – What are the key drivers?},
  author = {Sun, Zhenhua and Brittain, John E. and Sokolova, Ekaterina and Thygesen, Helene and Saltveit, Svein Jakob and Rauch, Sebastien and Meland, Sondre},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
  number = {610},
  pages = {1527--1535},
  doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.080},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {sedimentation ponds; pond size; road runoff; water quality; road salt; aquatic biodiversity},
  abstract = {Recently, increased attention has been paid to biodiversity conservation provided by blue-green solutions such as engineered ponds that are primarily established for water treatment and flood control. However, little research has been done to analyse the factors that affect biodiversity in such ponds. The purpose of this studywas to evaluate the influence of environmental factors on aquatic biodiversity, mainly macroinvertebrate communities, in road sedimentation ponds in order to provide a foundation for recommendations on aquatic biodiversity conservation. Multivariate statistical methods, including unconstrained and constrained analysis, were applied to examine the relationships between organisms and the water quality as well as physical factors (including plant cover). Stepwise multiple regressions indicated that the most important variables governing the variation in the biological community composition were pond size, average annual daily traffic, metals, chloride, distance to the closest pond from study pond, dissolved oxygen, hydrocarbons, and phosphorus. The presence of most taxa was positively correlated with pond size and negatively correlated with metals. Small ponds with high pollutant loadings were associated with a low diversity and dominated by a few pollution tolerant taxa such as oligochaetes. A comprehensive understanding of impacts of various environmental factors on aquatic biodiversity is important to effectively promote and conserve aquatic biodiversity in such sedimentation ponds. Our results indicate that road sedimentation ponds should be designed large enough, because large ponds are likely to provide amore heterogeneous habitat and thus contain a species rich fauna. In addition, larger ponds seemto be less contaminated due to dilution compared to smaller ponds, thereby maintaining a higher biodiversity. Finally, creating some additional ponds in the vicinity of the sedimentation ponds in areas with few water bodieswould increase the connectivity that facilitates the movement of invertebrates between ponds.},
  issn = {0048-9697}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_keesstrasaskia_2018,
  title = {The superior effect of nature based solutions in land management for enhancing ecosystem services},
  author = {Keesstra, Saskia and Nunes, Joao and Novara, Agata and Finger, David and Avelar, David and Kalantari, Zahra and Cerda, Artemi},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
  number = {610},
  pages = {997--1009},
  doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.077},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {nature based solutions; sdgs; ecosystem services; system dynamics},
  abstract = {The rehabilitation and restoration of land is a key strategy to recover services - goods and resources-ecosystems offer to the humankind. This paper reviews key examples to understand the superior effect of nature based solutions to enhance the sustainability of catchment systems by promoting desirable soil and landscape functions. The use of concepts such as connectivity and the theory of system thinking framework allowed to review coastal and river management as a guide to evaluate other strategies to achieve sustainability. In land management NBSs are not mainstream management. Through a set of case studies: organic farming in Spain; rewilding in Slovenia; land restoration in Iceland, sediment trapping in Ethiopia and wetland construction in Sweden, we show the potential of Nature based solutions (NBSs) as a cost-effective long term solution for hydrological risks and land degradation. NBSs can be divided into two main groups of strategies: soil solutions and landscape solutions. Soil solutions aim to enhance the soil health and soil functions through which local eco-system services will bemaintained or restored. Landscape solutions mainly focus on the concept of connectivity. Making the landscape less connected, facilitating less rainfall to be transformed into runoff and therefore reducing flood risk, increasing soilmoisture and reducing droughts and soil erosionwe can achieve the sustainability. The enhanced eco-system services directly feed into the realization of the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations.},
  issn = {0048-9697}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_brunnermanuelairene_2018_1,
  title = {Bivariate analysis of floods in climate impact assessments},
  author = {Brunner, Manuela Irene and Sikorska, Anna E. and Seibert, J.},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
  number = {616},
  pages = {1392--1403},
  doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.176},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV},
  keywords = {synthetic design hydrographs; bivariate flood frequency; seasonality; hydrological modeling},
  abstract = {Climate impact studies regarding floods usually focus on peak discharges and a bivariate assessment of peak discharges and hydrograph volumes is not commonly included. A joint consideration of peak discharges and hydrograph volumes, however, is crucial when assessing flood risks for current and future climate conditions. Here, we present a methodology to develop synthetic design hydrographs for future climate conditions that jointly consider peak discharges and hydrograph volumes. First, change factors are derived based on a regional climate model and are applied to observed precipitation and temperature time series. Second, the modified time series are fed into a calibrated hydrological model to simulate runoff time series for future conditions. Third, these time series are used to construct synthetic design hydrographs. The bivariate flood frequency analysis used in the construction of synthetic design hydrographs takes into account the dependence between peak discharges and hydrograph volumes, and represents the shape of the hydrograph. The latter is modeled using a probability density function while the dependence between the design variables peak discharge and hydrograph volume is modeled using a copula. We applied this approach to a set of eight mountainous catchments in Switzerland to construct catchment-specific and season-specific design hydrographs for a control and three scenario climates. Our work demonstrates that projected climate changes have an impact not only on peak discharges but also on hydrograph volumes and on hydrograph shapes both at an annual and at a seasonal scale. These changes are not necessarily proportional which implies that climate impact assessments on future floods should consider more flood characteristics than just flood peaks.},
  issn = {0048-9697}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_tangjing_2018,
  title = {Drivers of dissolved organic carbon export in a subarctic catchment: Importance of microbial decomposition, sorption-desorption, peatland and lateral flow},
  author = {Tang, Jing and Yurova, Alla Y. and Schurgers, Guy and Miller, Paul A. and Olin, Stefan and Smith, Benjamin and Siewert, Matthias B. and Olefeldt, David and Pilesjö, Petter and Poska, Anneli},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
  number = {622},
  pages = {260--274},
  doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.252},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {doc flux; lateral flow; lpj-guess; peatland; sorption-desorption; subarctic catchment},
  abstract = {Tundra soils account for 50% of global stocks of soil organic carbon (SOC), and it is expected that the amplified climate warming in high latitude could cause loss of this SOC through decomposition. Decomposed SOC could become hydrologically accessible, which increase downstream dissolved organic carbon (DOC) export and subsequent carbon release to the atmosphere, constituting a positive feedback to climate warming. However, DOC export is often neglected in ecosystem models. In this paper, we incorporate processes related to DOC production, mineralization, diffusion, sorption-desorption, and leaching into a customized arctic version of the dynamic ecosystem model LPJ-GUESS in order to mechanistically model catchment DOC export, and to link this flux to other ecosystem processes. The extended LPJ-GUESS is compared to observed DOC export at Stordalen catchment in northern Sweden. Vegetation communities include flood-tolerant graminoids (Eriophorum) and Sphagnum moss, birch forest and dwarf shrub communities. The processes, sorption-desorption and microbial decomposition (DOC production and mineralization) are found to contribute most to the variance in DOC export based on a detailed variance-based Sobol sensitivity analysis (SA) at grid cell-level. Catchment-level SA shows that the highest mean DOC exports come from the Eriophorum peatland (fen). A comparison with observations shows that the model captures the seasonality of DOC fluxes. Two catchment simulations, one without water lateral routing and one without peatland processes, were compared with the catchment simulations with all processes. The comparison showed that the current implementation of catchment lateral flow and peatland processes in LPJ-GUESS are essential to capture catchment-level DOC dynamics and indicate the model is at an appropriate level of complexity to represent the main mechanism of DOC dynamics in soils. The extended model provides a new tool to investigate potential interactions among climate change, vegetation dynamics, soil hydrology and DOC dynamics at both stand-alone to catchment scales. },
  issn = {0048-9697}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_pederseneja_2019,
  title = {Wetland areas' direct contributions to residents' well-being entitle them to high cultural ecosystem values},
  author = {Pedersen, Eja and Weisner, Stefan E.B. and Johansson, Maria},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
  number = {646},
  pages = {1315--1326},
  doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.236},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Amsterdam : Elsevier},
  keywords = {created wetlands; cultural ecosystem services; urban planning; environmental perception; quality of life; environmental psychology},
  abstract = {Wetlands in urban areas will be crucial to counteract the effects of climate change, for example, by improving flood protection and regulating local climate. To gain acceptance for larger-scale creation of wetlands, total values must be identified and revealed. Provisioning and regulating ecosystem services can be described as the quantitative effect, but cultural ecosystem services require other assessments. This study sought to determine whether peri-urban and urban wetland areas contribute to the well-being and quality of life of nearby residents, and to capture their value relative to two other types of green areas (i.e., parks and urban forests). A postal questionnaire survey, based on validated environmental psychology instruments, was distributed to residents in three municipalities with wetland areas of different structures and locations. In these municipalities, respondents (n = 474; response rate = 40%) reported that the wetland area contributed to several quality-of-life aspects, such as encountering nature and experiencing beauty. The areas also facilitated activities that support well-being, were perceived to have high restorative qualities, and evoked positive affective responses. All wetland areas were rated high on most of the measured concepts, but their value relative to other green areas differed possibly depending on the accessibility of the wetland and the availability of other green areas. The location and extent to which the wetland area was integrated in the residential area determined what quality-of-life aspects were most satisfied. Wetland areas can be ascribed cultural ecosystem service values based on how residents perceive their contribution to their quality of life. These values can be added to those of provisioning and regulating ecosystem services, forming the basis for planning urban environments. © 2018 The Authors},
  issn = {0048-9697}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_lannergrdemma_2019,
  title = {An evaluation of high frequency turbidity as a proxy for riverine total phosphorus concentrations},
  author = {Lannergård, Emma and Ledesma, Jose and Fölster, Jens and Futter, Martyn},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
  number = {651},
  pages = {103--113},
  doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.127},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  abstract = {Surface water eutrophication resulting from excessive phosphorus (P) inputs is one of today's most challenging environmental issues. Riverine total phosphorus (TP) concentrations have high temporal variability, which complicates flux estimation. We evaluated the usefulness of high frequency in-situ turbidity measurements as a proxy for TP in Savjaan, a river draining a mixed land use catchment (722 km(2)) in central Sweden. Turbidity was monitored every 10th-15th minute during 6 consecutive years (2012-2017). Linear regression showed a good relationship between high frequency turbidity and TP (r(2) = 0.64) and could hence be used for comparison of flux estimation methods. Predictive power of the turbidity-TP relationship was not improved by adding seasons, hydrograph rising/falling limb or high/lowstreamdischarge to the model which argues for a single transfer function relating turbidity and TP. Both TP and turbidity were log-normally distributed. However, flux estimates were sensitive to data transformation; predicted TP concentrations and fluxes based on log-transformed data were biased towards lower concentrations and fluxes compared to non-transformed data. In five of six years grab sample and high frequency estimated TP fluxes were similar (grab sample estimates-10% to + 13% P transport compared to high frequency flux estimates). The exception was in 2013, when a 50-year spring flood occurred, and the grab sample estimated flux was 56% larger than that estimated from high frequency data. Thus, the flux comparisons were mostly affected by stream discharge, which underlines the importance of capturing high discharge episodes with, e.g. in situ sensors. While uncertainties regarding the use of turbidity as a proxy for TP remain, it is clear that credible water chemistry data can be obtained with current high frequency sensors. We conclude that high frequency data can be used to better understand catchment response to external pressures and gain insights into water quality that will be missed with grab sampling. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license.},
  issn = {0048-9697}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kalantarizahra_2019,
  title = {Assessing flood probability for transportation infrastructure based on catchment characteristics, sediment connectivity and remotely sensed soil moisture},
  author = {Kalantari, Zahra and Santos Ferreira, Carla Sofia and Koutsouris, Alexander J. and Ahmer, Anna-Klara and Cerdà, Artemi and Destouni, Georgia},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
  number = {661},
  pages = {393--406},
  doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.009},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {flood hazard; transport infrastructure; physical catchment-descriptors; multivariate statistical model},
  abstract = {Flooding may damage important transportation infrastructures, such as roads, railways and bridges, which need to be well planned and designed to be able to withstand current and possible future climate-driven increases in flood frequencies and magnitudes. This study develops a novel approach to predictive statistical modelling of the probability of flooding at major road-stream intersection sites, where water, sediment and debris can accumulate and cause failure of drainage facilities and associated road damages. Two areas in south-west Sweden, affected by severe floods in August 2014, are used in representative case studies for this development. A set of physical catchment-descriptors (PCDs), characterizing key aspects of topography, morphology, soil type, land use, hydrology (precipitation and soil moisture) and sediment connectivity in the water-and sediment-contributing catchments, are used for the predictive flood modelling. A main novel contribution to such modelling is to integrate the spatiotemporal characteristics of remotely-sensed soil moisture in indices of sediment connectivity (IC), thereby also allowing for investigation of the role of soil moisture in the flood probability for different road-stream intersections. The results suggest five categories of PCDs as especially important for flood probability quantification and identification of particularly flood-prone intersections along roads (railways, etc.) These include: channel slope at the road-stream intersection and average elevation, soil properties (mainly percentage of till), land use cover (mainly percentage of urban areas), and a sediment connectivity index that considers soil moisture in addition to morphology over the catchment.},
  issn = {0048-9697}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_arabamerialireza_2019,
  title = {A comparison of statistical methods and multi-criteria decision making to map flood hazard susceptibility in Northern Iran},
  author = {Arabameri, Alireza and Rezaei, Khalil and Cerdà, Artemi and Conoscenti, Christian and Kalantari, Zahra},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
  number = {660},
  pages = {443--458},
  doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.021},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {soil erosion; natural hazard; modelling; kiasar watershed},
  abstract = {In north of Iran, flood is one of the most important natural hazards that annually inflict great economic damages on humankind infrastructures and natural ecosystems. The Kiasar watershed is known as one of the critical areas in north of Iran, due to numerous floods and waste of water and soil resources, as well as related economic and ecological losses. However, a comprehensive and systematic research to identify flood-prone areas, which may help to establish management and conservation measures, has not been carried out yet. Therefore, this study tested four methods: evidential belief function (EBF), frequency ratio (FR), Technique for Order Preference by Similarity To ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and Vlse Kriterijumsk Optimizacija Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) for flood hazard susceptibility mapping (FHSM) in this area. These were combined in two methodological frameworks involving statistical and multi-criteria decision making approaches. The efficiency of statistical and multi-criteria methods in FHSM were compared by using area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve, seed cell area index and frequency ratio. A database containing flood inventory maps and flood-related conditioning factors was established for this watershed. The flood inventory maps produced included 132 flood conditions, which were randomly classified into two groups, for training (70%) and validation (30%). Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) indicated that slope, distance to stream and land use/land cover are of key importance in flood occurrence in the study catchment. In validation results, the EBF model had a better prediction rate (0.987) and success rate (0.946) than FR, TOPSIS and VIKOR (prediction rate 0.917, 0.888, and 0.810; success rate 0.939, 0.904, and 0.735, respectively). Based on their frequency ratio and seed cell area index values, all models except VIKOR showed acceptable accuracy of classification.},
  issn = {0048-9697}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_gustavssonjakob_2019,
  title = {Seasonal trends of legacy and alternative flame retardants in river water in a boreal catchment},
  author = {Gustavsson, Jakob and Wiberg, Karin and Minh Nguyen, Anh and Josefsson, Sarah and Laudon, Hjalmar and Ahrens, Lutz},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
  number = {692},
  pages = {1097--1105},
  doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.158},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  abstract = {Boreal forests store large amounts of atmospherically deposited (semi-)persistent organic pollutants ( POPs). The terrestrial POPs may be exported to streams and rivers through processes that are heavily impacted by seasonality. In this screening study, concentrations of 4 legacy and 45 alternative flame retardants (FRs) were determined in the dissolved and particulate phase in streams within a relatively pristine boreal catchment in northern Europe (Krycklan Catchment Study; 3 sites) and in rivers more impacted by human activities further downstream towards the Baltic Sea (3 sites). The sampling included the main hydrological seasons (snow-free, snow-covered, and spring flood) and was conducted during two consecutive years (2014-2016). Of the 49 analyzed Ills, 11 alternative halogenated FRs (HFRs), 13 alternative organophosphorus FRs (OPFRs), and 4 legacy polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were detected in at least one sample. The average bulk (dissolved + particulate) concentrations of Sigma FRs (including all sites) were highest for Sigma HFRs (38 +/- 70 ng L-1), followed by the Sigma OPFRs (3.9 +/- 4.9 ng L-1) and the Sigma PBDEs (0.0040 +/- 0.016 ng L-1). Bulk concentrations of HFRs, OPFRs, and PBDEs were highly variable with season and sampling location, e.g., during spring flood, bulk concentrations were up to 600 times, 3.7 times, and 4.9 times higher for HFRs, OPFRs and PBDEs, respectively, than during periods of lower flow. Bulk concentrations of Sigma OPFRs, were elevated at all sites similar to 6 days before the actual start of the spring flood in 2015, suggesting that hydrophobicity fractionation had occurred within the snowpack. Similar to previous studies of other POPs in the same headwater catchment, there was a general trend that levels of Sigma FRs were higher at the mire site than at the forested site. Annual fluxes of FRs were found to be similar to 15 times higher downstream the city of Umea compared to at the outlet of the pristine catchment. This study should be regarded as a screening study considering the large number of diverse FRs analyzed and variability in the results. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
  issn = {0048-9697}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_xierongrong_2020,
  title = {Salt intrusion alters nitrogen cycling in tidal reaches as determined in field and laboratory investigations},
  author = {Xie, Rongrong and Rao, Peiyuan and Pang, Yong and Shi, Chengchun and Li, Jiabing and Shen, Dandan},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
  number = {729},
  pages = {729},
  doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138803},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {nitrogen cycle; salt intrusion; functional genes; field monitoring; microcosms},
  abstract = {Salinization is a growing problem throughout the world and poses a threat especially to freshwater ecosystems. However, much remains to be learned about the mechanisms by which salinity impacts microbially mediated biogeochemical processes. Elevated nitrogen (N) concentrations in estuarine ecosystems have led to their eutrophication, but the relationship between N transformation and the functional genes involved in the response to saltwater intrusion is poorly understood. Here, using the Minjiang River, a tidal river in southeastern China as an easily accessible natural laboratory, we conducted a 2-year field survey to investigate N speciation during ebb and flood tides. Then, in a laboratory experiment we simulated the varying degrees of salt intrusion that occur in natural tidal reaches. The microcosm study allowed quantitative assessments of N transformation and functional gene responses. The field surveys showed that concentrations of NH4+ rose during flood tides, while the concentrations of NO3- and total N fluctuated. In the microcosms, NO3- concentrations decreased in response to salt pulses, due to simultaneous declines in the abundance of genes responsible for nitrification and increases in the abundance of those involved in dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA). The elevated salinity led to increased yields of NH4+, a response that correlated positively with the abundance of nrfA genes, involved in DNRA. Furthermore, an increase in salinity promoted N2O accumulation during the denitrification process. Altogether, our study suggests that saltwater intrusion leads to a decrease in nitrification while favoring N transformation via denitrification and DNRA and that N2O accumulation in the water is dependent on the strength of the salt pulse.},
  issn = {0048-9697}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ijumulanajulian_2022,
  title = {Spatial variability of the sources and distribution of fluoride in groundwater of the Sanya alluvial plain aquifers in northern Tanzania},
  author = {Ijumulana, Julian and Ligate, Fanuel Josephat and Irunde, Regina and Bhattacharya, Prosun and Ahmad, Arslan and Tomasek, Ines and Maity, Jyoti Prakash and Mtalo, Felix},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
  number = {810},
  pages = {810},
  doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152153},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {fluoride contamination; volcanic deposits; spatial variability; geospatial analysis; sanyo alluvial plain; northern tanzania; mark- och vattenteknik; land and water resources engineering},
  abstract = {Groundwater contamination from geogenic sources paces challenges to many countries, especially in the developing world. In Tanzania, the elevated fluoride (F-) concentration and related chronic fluorosis associated with drinking F- rich water arc common in the Fast African Rift Valley regions. In these regions, F- concentration is space dependence which poses much uncertainty when targeting safe source for drinking water. To account for the spatial effects, integrated exploratory spatial data analysis, regression analysis, and geographical information systems tools were used to associate the distribution of F- in groundwater with spatial variability in terrain slopes, volcanic deposits, recharge water/vadose materials contact time, groundwater resource development for irrigated agriculture in the Sanya alluvial plain (SAP) of northern Tanzania. The F- concentration increased with distance from steep slopes where the high scale of variation was recorded in the gentle sloping and flat grounds within the SAP. The areas covered with debris avalanche deposits in the gentle sloping and flat grounds correlated with the high spatial variability in F- concentration. Furthermore, the high spatial variability in F- correlated positively with depth to groundwater in the Sanya flood plain. In contrast, a negative correlation between F- and borehole depth was observed. The current irrigation practices in the Sanya alluvial plain contribute to the high spatial variability in F- concentration, particularly within the perched shallow aquifers in the volcanic river valleys. The findings of this study arc important to the overall chain of safe water supply process in historically fluorotic regions. They provide new insights into the well-known F- contamination through the use of modern geospatial methods and technologies. In Tanzania's context, the findings can improve the current process of drilling permits issuance by the authority and guide the local borehole drillers to be precise in siting safe source for drinking water.},
  issn = {0048-9697}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_fischersandra_2023,
  title = {Wide-spread microbial sulfate reduction (MSR) in northern European freshwater systems: drivers, magnitudes and seasonality},
  author = {Fischer, Sandra and Mörth, Carl-Magnus and Rosqvist, Gunhild C. and Giesler, Reiner and Jarsjö, Jerker},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
  number = {889},
  pages = {889},
  doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163764},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {bacterial sulfate reduction; global weathering budget; indicators; sulfur isotopes},
  abstract = {Microbial sulfate reduction (MSR), which transforms sulfate into sulfide through the consumption of organic matter, is an integral part of sulfur and carbon cycling. Yet, the knowledge on MSR magnitudes is limited and mostly restricted to snap-shot conditions in specific surface water bodies. Potential impacts of MSR have consequently been unaccounted for, e.g., in regional or global weathering budgets. Here, we synthesize results from previous studies on sulfur isotope dynamics in stream water samples and apply a sulfur isotopic fractionation and mixing scheme combined with Monte Carlo simulations to derive MSR in entire hydrological catchments. This allowed comparison of magnitudes both within and between five study areas located between southern Sweden and the Kola Peninsula, Russia. Our results showed that the freshwater MSR ranged from 0 to 79 % (interquartile range of 19 percentage units) locally within the catchments, with average values from 2 to 28 % between the catchments, displaying a non-negligible catchment-average value of 13 %. The combined abundance or deficiency of several landscape elements (e.g., the areal percentage of forest and lakes/wetlands) were found to indicate relatively well whether or not catchment-scale MSR would be high. A regression analysis showed specifically that average slope was the individual element that best reflected the MSR magnitude, both at sub-catchment scale and between the different study areas. However, the regression results of individual parameters were generally weak. The MSR-values additionally showed differences between seasons, in particular in wetland/lake dominated catchments. Here MSR was high during the spring flood, which is consistent with the mobilization of water that under low-flow winter periods have developed the needed anoxic conditions for sulfate-reducing microorganisms. This study presents for the first time compelling evidence from multiple catchments of wide-spread MSR at levels slightly above 10 %, implying that the terrestrial pyrite oxidation may be underestimated in global weathering budgets.},
  issn = {0048-9697}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_amoranogueiraleonardo_2023,
  title = {Linking centennial scale anthropogenic changes and sedimentary records as lessons for urban coastal management},
  author = {Amora-Nogueira, Leonardo and Smoak, Joseph M. and Abuchacra, Rodrigo C. and Carvalho, Carla and Ribeiro, Fernando C. A. and Martins, Kevin C. and Fonseca-Oliveira, Ana L. and Carvalho, Manuela and Machado, Luiza P. and Souza, Allana F. F. and da Silva, Andre L. C. and Enrich Prast, Alex and Oliveira, Vinicius P. and Sanders, Christian J. and Sanders, Luciana M. and Marotta, Humberto},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
  number = {902},
  pages = {902},
  doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165620},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: ELSEVIER},
  keywords = {coastal lagoon; urbanization; eutrophication; artificial channels; sandy barrier opening},
  abstract = {Coastal eutrophication and urban flooding are increasingly important components of global change. Although increased seawater renewal by barrier openings and channelizing are common mitigation measures in coastal lagoons worldwide, their effects on these ecosystems are not fully understood. Here, we evaluated the re-lationships between human interventions in the watershed, artificial connections to the sea, and the sediment burial rates in an urban coastal lagoon (Maric & PRIME;a lagoon, Southeastern Brazil). Sediment accretion along with nutrient and carbon burial rates were determined in two sediment cores representing the past-120 years (210Pb dating) and associated with anthropogenic changes as indicated by historical records and geoinformation ana-lyses. Lagoon infilling and eutrophication, expressed by the average sediment accretion, TP, TN, and OC burial rates, respectively, increased-9-18, 13-15, 11-14 and 11-12-fold from the earliest (<1950) to the most recent (2000-2017) period. These multi-proxy records confirm mechanistic links between deforestation, urbanization, and untreated sewage discharges. In addition, our findings reveal artificial connections to the sea may contribute to lagoonal eutrophication and infilling, particularly when not integrated with sewage treatment and forest conservation or reforestation in the watershed. Therefore, increased seawater renewal by physical interventions commonly considered as mitigation measures may in contrast cause severe degradation in coastal lagoons, causing harmful consequences that should be not neglected when implementing management practices.},
  issn = {0048-9697}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bundschuhmirco_2024,
  title = {A synthesis of anthropogenic stress effects on emergence-mediated aquatic-terrestrial linkages and riparian food webs},
  author = {Bundschuh, Mirco},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
  number = {908},
  pages = {908},
  doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168186},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  abstract = {Anthropogenic stress alters the linkage between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems in various ways. Here, we review the contemporary literature on how alterations in aquatic systems through environmental pollution, invasive species and hydromorphological changes carry-over to terrestrial ecosystems and the food webs therein. We consider both the aquatic insect emergence and flooding as pathways through which stressors can propagate from the aquatic to the terrestrial system. We specifically synthesize and contextualize results on the roles of pollutants in the emergence pathway and their top-down consequences. Our review revealed that the emergence and flooding pathway are only considered in isolation and that the overall effects of invasive species or pollutants on food webs at the water-land interface require further attention. While very few recent studies looked at invasive species, a larger number of studies focused on metal transfer compared to pesticides, pharmaceuticals or PCBs, and multiple stress studies up to now left aquatic-terrestrial linkages unconsidered. Recent research on pollutants and emergence used aquatic-terrestrial mesocosms to elucidate the effects of aquatic stressors such as the mosquito control agent Bti, metals or pesticides to understand the effects on riparian spiders. Quality parameters, such as the structural and functional composition of emergent insect communities, the fatty acid profiles, yet also the composition of pollutants transferred to land prove to be important for the effects on riparian spiders. Process-based models including quality of emergence are useful to predict the resulting top-down directed food web effects in the terrestrial recipient ecosystem. In conclusion, we present and recommend a combination of empirical and modelling approaches in order to understand the complexity of aquatic-terrestrial stressor propagation and its spatial and temporal variation.},
  issn = {0048-9697}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_vorobyevsergeyn_2024_1,
  title = {Carbon emission from the Lower Ob River floodplain during spring flood},
  author = {Vorobyev, Sergey N. and Kolesnichenko, Yuri and Karlsson, Jan and Pokrovsky, Oleg S.},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
  number = {954},
  pages = {954},
  doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176294},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {arctic; co2; emission; permafrost; river; siberia},
  abstract = {Carbon emission from Arctic rivers constitutes a positive feedback between the climate warming and C cycle. However, in case of rivers with extensive floodplains, the impacts of temporary water bodies and secondary channels on CO2 exchange with atmosphere, compared to the main stem and tributaries, remain strongly understudied. In order to quantify the relative role of various water bodies of the Arctic river basin in the C cycle, the hydrochemical variables and greenhouse gases GHG concentrations and fluxes were measured within the floodplain of the largest Arctic River, Ob, in its low reaches located in the permafrost zone. These included the main stem, secondary channels, tributaries and floodplain lakes sampled over a 900 km north-south transect (25,736 km2 of the main stem and adjacent floodplain area; 7893 km2 water surface) during peak of spring flood (May 2023). In addition to main stem and tributaries, providing less than a half of overall C flux, floodplain lakes and secondary channels acted as important factor of C emission from the floodplain water surfaces. Multi-parametric statistical treatment of the data suggested two main processes of C emission from the Ob River floodplain waters: terrestrial organic matter-rich flooded wetlands (fens) provided elevated pCO2, whereas the sites of possible groundwater discharge in the secondary channels decreased the CO2 fluxes due to more alkaline environments, rich in labile metals and anionic elements. Based on available high-resolution Landsat-8 images, which matched the period of field work, it was found that the total water coverage of the floodplain during spring 2023 was 30 % of overall territory, compared to 18 % during the baseflow. Based on chamber-measured CO2 fluxes (1.56 ± 0.47 g C-CO2 m−2 d−1), overall CO2 emissions during 2 months of the spring flood from the entire Lower Ob River floodplain water surfaces including the main stem amounted to 0.73 ± 0.25 Tg C. Diffuse CH4 flux represented <1 % of total C flux. The main stem of the Ob River accounted for 34 % and 18 % of CO2 and CH4 emissions, respectively, whereas the floodplain lakes provided 59 % and 50 % of CO2 and CH4 emission, respectively. Considering that the low reaches of the Ob River represent >70 % of total river basin floodplain, and that during some years, the entire floodplain can be covered by water, emissions from the river – if assessed solely from summer (July–August) measurements – can be at least 3 times underestimated. It is therefore important to account for extended water surface during high water levels on Arctic rivers when assessing global riverine C emissions.},
  issn = {0048-9697}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_liupengyuan_2025,
  title = {Sensing climate justice: A multi-hyper graph approach for classifying urban heat and flood vulnerability through street view imagery},
  author = {Liu, Pengyuan and Lei, Binyu and Huang, Weiming and Biljecki, Filip and Wang, Yuan and Li, Siyu and Stouffs, Rudi},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Sustainable Cities and Society},
  number = {118},
  pages = {118},
  doi = {10.1016/j.scs.2024.106016},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  abstract = {Recognising the increasing complexities posed by climate challenges to urban environments, it is crucial to develop holistic capabilities for urban areas to effectively respond to climate-related risks, forming the backbone of sustainable urban planning strategies and demanding a comprehensive understanding of urban climate justice. It requires a thorough examination of how climate change exacerbates social, economic, and environmental inequalities within urban settings, which requires a series of sophisticated spatial modellings and relies on data collected periodically. This paper introduces a novel dual-GNN approach, Multi-Hyper Graph Neural Network (MHGNN), with street view imagery as input. The proposed model integrates a multigraph and a hypergraph to model intricate spatial patterns for classifying urban climate justice. The multigraph component of the MHGNN captures spatial proximity and pair-wise connections between urban areas to assess climate impacts. Meanwhile, the hypergraph component addresses higher-order dependencies by incorporating hyperedges that connect multiple geographic areas based on their similarities, thus capturing the multi-faceted relationships among areas with comparable geographic characteristics. By harnessing the strengths of both multigraph and hypergraph structures, the MHGNN provides a comprehensive understanding of the spatial dynamics of urban climate justice. It achieves nearly a 24% performance improvement compared to conventional spatial modelling methods, establishing it as a valuable tool for researchers and policymakers in this domain. Codes available at GitHub.1},
  issn = {2210-6707}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_elghalimohamedalikalefa_2006,
  title = {Distribution of diagenetic alterations in glaciogenic sandstones within a depositional facies and sequence stratigraphic framework: Evidence from the Upper Ordovician of the Murzuq Basin, SW Libya},
  author = {El-ghali, Mohamed Ali Kalefa and Mansurbeg, Howri and Morad, Sadoon and Al-Aasm, Ihsan and Ramseyer, Karl},
  year = {2006},
  journal = {Sedimentary Geology},
  volume = {1},
  number = {190},
  pages = {323--351},
  doi = {10.1016/j.sedgeo.2006.05.020},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {sequence stratigraphy; depositional facies; glaciogenic sandstones diagenesis; upper ordovician; the murzuq basin; sw libya; earth sciences},
  abstract = {The spatial and temporal distribution of diagenetic alterations has been constrained in relationship to depositional facies and sequence stratigraphy of the Upper Ordovician glaciogenic quartzarenite sandstones in the Murzuq Basin, SW Libya, which were deposited during the Haritanian glaciation when the basin was laying along the continental margin of Gondwana. Eogenetic alterations encountered include: (i) replacement of detrital silicates, mud matrix and pseudomatrix by kaolinite in paraglacial, tidedominated deltaic, in foreshore to shoreface (highstand systems tract; HST) and in post-glacial, Gilbert-type deltaic (lowstand systems tract; LST) sandstones, particularly below the sequence boundaries (SB). Kaolinite fort-nation is attributed to the influx of meteoric water during relative sea level fall and basinward shift of the shoreline. (ii) Cementation by calcite (61 80VPD,3 = - 3.1 parts per thousand to + 1.1 parts per thousand and delta C-13(VPDB)=+ 1.7 parts per thousand to +3.5 parts per thousand) and Mg-rich siderite in the paraglacial, tide-dominated deltaic and foreshore to shoreface HST sandstones, in the glacial, tide-dominated estuarine (transgressive systems tract; TST) sandstones and in the postglacial, shoreface TST sandstones is interpreted to have occurred from marine pore-waters. (iii) Cementation by Mg-poor siderite, which occurs in the post-glacial, Gilbert-type deltaic LST sandstones and in the paraglacial, tide-dominated deltaic and foreshore to shoreface HST sandstones, is interpreted to have occurred from meteoric waters during relative sea level fall and basinward shift of the shoreline. (iv) Pervasive cementation by iron oxides has occurred in the glacial, shoreface-offshore TST sandstones and postglacial, shoreface TST sandstones immediately below the maximum flooding surfaces (NUS), which was presumably enhanced by prolonged residence time of the sediments under oxic diagenetic conditions at the seafloor. (v) Formation of grain-coating infiltrated clays mainly in the glacial, fluvial incised-valley LST sandstones and in the post-glacial, Gilbert-type deltaic LST sandstones as well as, less commonly, in the paraglacial, foreshore to shoreface HST sandstones and in the tide-dominated deltaic HST sandstones below the SBs.Mesogenetic alterations include mainly the formation of abundant quartz overgrowths in the glacial, fluvial incised-valley LST sandstones, post-glacial, Gilbert-type deltaic LST sandstones and glacial, shoreface TST sandstones, in which early carbonate cements are lacking. Illite, chlorite and albitized feldspars, which occur in small amounts, are most common in the glacial, tidedominated estuarine TST sandstones and paraglacial, shoreface HST sandstones. This study demonstrates that the spatial and temporal distribution of diagenetic alterations and their impact on reservoir-quality evolution in glacial, paraglacial and post-glacial sandstones can be better elucidated when linked to the depositional facies and sequence stratigraphic framework.},
  issn = {0037-0738}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_elghalimohamedalikalefa_2006_1,
  title = {Distribution of diagenetic alterations in fluvial and paralic deposits within sequence stratigraphic framework: Evidence from the Petrohan Terrigenous Group and the Svidol Formation, Lower Triassic, NW Bulgaria},
  author = {El-ghali, Mohamed Ali Kalefa and Mansurbeg, Howri and Morad, Sadoon and Al-Aasm, Ihsan and Ajdanlijsky, Georage},
  year = {2006},
  journal = {Sedimentary Geology},
  volume = {1},
  number = {190},
  pages = {299--321},
  doi = {10.1016/j.sedgeo.2006.05.021},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {sequence stratigraphy and depositional facies; sandstone and calcarenite diagenesis; lower triassic; nw bulgaria; earth sciences},
  abstract = {Elucidation of diagenetic alterations in the Petrohan Terrigenous Group (fluvial; highstand systems tract HST) sandstones and Svidol Formation (tide-dominated deltaic and tidal flat, transgressive systems tract TST and highstand systems tract HST, respectively) sandstones and calcarenite, Lower Triassic, NW Bulgaria was constrained within a sequence stratigraphic framework. Eogenetic alterations in the fluvial HST sandstones include (i) formation of grain-coating infiltrated clays as a result of percolation of mud-rich surface waters into underlying coarse-grained and permeable channel-fills and crevasse splay sandstones; (ii) formation of pseudomatrix by mechanical compaction of mud intraclasts that were incorporated into the coarse-grained channel sandstones during their lateral avulsion; and (iii) cementation by calcite (delta O-18(VPDB)=-6.5 parts per thousand to -3 parts per thousand; delta C-13(VPDB) =-5.1 parts per thousand to +0.6 parts per thousand) and dolomite (delta O-18(VPDB)=-6.1 parts per thousand to -0.3 parts per thousand 0; 81 3 CVPDB=-7.2 parts per thousand to -5.8 parts per thousand) in the crevasse splay and floodplain sediments. Mesogenetic alterations that are encountered in the fluvial HST sandstones include (i) illitization of grain-coating clays, mud intraclasts, and mica, possibly because of simultaneous albitization of feldspars; (ii) cementation by calcite (delta O-18(VPDB) = - 14.5 parts per thousand to - 8.4 parts per thousand; delta C-13(VPDB)=-7.7 parts per thousand to +0.6 parts per thousand) and dolomite (delta O-18(VPDB)=- 15.8 parts per thousand to -5 parts per thousand; delta C-13(VPDB)= - 7.9 parts per thousand to + 1.5 parts per thousand); and (iii) limited amounts of quartz overgrowths in the channel sandstones owing to occurrence of thick grain-coating clays. Conversely, the tide-dominated deltaic TST sandstones and the tidal flat HST calcarenite were pervasively cemented by calcite (delta O-18(VPDB)=-6.6 parts per thousand to -3.1 parts per thousand; delta C-13(VPDB)=-5.1 parts per thousand to +0.6 parts per thousand) and siderite (delta O-18(VPDB)=-7.2 parts per thousand to -5.7 parts per thousand; delta C-13(VPDB) =+0.3 parts per thousand to +0.9 parts per thousand) particularly below marine and maximum flooding surfaces, due to the presence of abundant bioclasts and prolonged residence time of the sediments under certain geochemical conditions along these surfaces. The remaining open pores were cemented during mesodiagenesis by calcite (delta O-18(VPDB)=-6.6 parts per thousand to -3.1 parts per thousand and delta C-13(VPDB)=-5.1 parts per thousand to +0.6 parts per thousand) and dolomite (delta O-18(VPDB))13=-6.6 parts per thousand to -3.1 parts per thousand. and delta C-13(VPCB)=-5.1 parts per thousand to +0.6 parts per thousand). This study shows that constructing a conceptual model for the distribution of diagenetic alterations is possible by integration of diagenesis with sequence stratigraphy. The model shows that tide-dominated deltaic TST sandstones and tidal flat HST calcarenite were pervasively cemented by carbonates during near-surface codiagenesis, owing to the presence of abundant bioclasts. Conversely, fluvial LST sandstones remained poorly cemented during near-surface eodiagenesis due to the lack of bioclasts, but were cemented by mesogenetic calcite, dolomite and quartz overgrowths instead.},
  issn = {0037-0738}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_egenhoffsven_2010,
  title = {Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of a pronounced Early Ordovician sea-level fall on Baltica - The Bjorkasholmen Formation in Norway and Sweden},
  author = {Egenhoff, Sven and Cassle, Chris and Maletz, Jörg and Frisk, Åsa M. and Ebbestad, Jan Ove R. and Stübner, Konstanze},
  year = {2010},
  journal = {Sedimentary Geology},
  volume = {1},
  number = {224},
  pages = {1--14},
  doi = {10.1016/j.sedgeo.2009.12.003},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {deepening-upward cycles; cool-water carbonate; tectonically-enhanced lowstand; baltica; sequence stratigraphy; earth sciences},
  abstract = {The Bjorkasholmen Formation consists of interbedded carbonates, shales, and glauconitic beds and is characterized by heavy bioturbation and few preserved sedimentary structures. The unit shows five facies shale, glauconitic packstone, and three predominantly mud-dominated carbonate facies. Carbonates and shales are arranged in small-scale deepening-upward cycles. A minimum of fourteen of these small-scale cycles are recognized in the Bjorkasholmen Formation. They are arranged in stacks of 3 to 5, forming a total of four medium-scale cycles separated by decimeter-thick shale units. Based on the predominance of mud-rich facies the succession is interpreted to have been deposited in an overall tranquil setting during one mayor sea-level fall and subsequent initial rise of third order. Time-estimates suggest that the 14 small-scale cycles fall into the Milankovitch band of precessional forcing, and the overriding medium-scale cycles likely represent short eccentricity. The sequence stratigraphic interpretation shows that the Bjorkasholmen Formation is characterized by failing stage, lowstand and initial transgressive systems tracts. Consequently, the contact between the Bjorkasholmen and the underlying Alum Shale Formation represents the basal surface of forced regression. The maximum regressive surface is defined by a hiatus in the Oland sections and by shallow-marine packstones within mud-rich distal ramp carbonates in Norway. The top of the Bjorkasholmen Formation represents a flooding surface at the base of the transgressive systems tract. A comparison of time-equivalent successions worldwide suggests that the Bjorkasholmen Formation represents a tectonically-enhanced lowstand with two overriding short-term Milankovitch eustatic signals. Although deposition of the Bjorkasholmen Formation coincides with the initiation of a foreland basin in the Caledonides of Norway it remains unclear how these tectonic movements may have lead to the widespread Bjorkasholmen lowstand during the Early Ordovician. It is Suggested in this Study that a combination of compressional forces from Avalonia and the Caledonian margin may have acted in concert to produce an uplift of larger parts of the Baltica plate for a time-span of approximately 0.5 Myr.  },
  issn = {0037-0738}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_aminjafarisaeid_2024,
  title = {Enhancing the temporal resolution of water levels from altimetry using D-InSAR: A case study of 10 Swedish Lakes},
  author = {Aminjafari, Saeid and Frappart, Frédéric and Papa, Fabrice and Brown, Ian and Jaramillo, Fernando},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Science of Remote Sensing},
  number = {10},
  pages = {10},
  doi = {10.1016/j.srs.2024.100162},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {d-insar; dinsalt; lake water levels; satellite altimetry},
  abstract = {Lakes provide societies and natural ecosystems with valuable services such as freshwater supply and flood control. Water level changes in lakes reflect their natural responses to climatic and anthropogenic stressors; however, their monitoring is costly due to installation and maintenance requirements. With its advanced hardware and computational capabilities, altimetry has become a popular alternative to conventional in-situ gauging, although subject to the temporal availability of altimetric observations. To further improve the temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, we here combine radar altimetry data with Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (D-InSAR), using ten lakes in Sweden as a testing platform. First, we use Sentinel-1A and Sentinel-1B SAR images to generate consecutive six-day baseline interferograms across 2019. Then, we accumulate the phase change of coherent pixels to construct the time series of InSAR-derived water level anomalies. Finally, we retrieve altimetric observations from Sentinel-3, estimate their mean and standard deviation, and apply them to the D-InSAR standardized anomalies. In this way, we build a water-level time series with more temporal observations. In general, we find a strong agreement between water level estimates from the combination of D-InSAR and Satellite Altimetry (DInSAlt) and in-situ observations in eight lakes (Concordance Correlation Coefficient - CCC >0.8) and moderate agreement in two lakes (CCC >0.57). The applicability of DInSAlt is limited to lakes with suitable conditions for double-bounce scattering, such as the presence of trees or marshes. The accuracy of the water level estimates depends on the quality of the altimetry observations and the lake's width. These findings are important considering the recently launched Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite, whose capabilities could expand our methodology's geographical applicability and reduce its reliance on ground measurements.},
  issn = {2666-0172}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_grahntonje_2019,
  title = {Households (un)willingness to perform private flood risk reduction: Results from a Swedish survey},
  author = {Grahn, Tonje and Jaldell, Henrik},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Safety Science},
  number = {116},
  pages = {127--136},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ssci.2019.03.011},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {flood; protection motivation theory; risk perception; risk reduction; flood control; housing; motivation; risk assessment; risk management; surveys; flood risk management; flood risk reduction; private institutions; private property; residential areas; risk reductions; self efficacy; floods; adult; article; drug efficacy; flooding; household; human; resident; residential area; responsibility; self concept; skill; sweden; theoretical study; trust; environmental science},
  abstract = {This study applies the protection motivation theory (PMT) in analysing homeowners’ flood risk perception and their risk reduction behaviour. A survey was completed by 1143 households in flood-prone residential areas in Sweden. Respondents were asked about their flood experience, their beliefs about their future private flood risk, their trust in public risk reduction and their perception of how responsibility for flood risk reduction is divided between different governmental and private institutions. This study finds that homeowners that have implemented private flood risk reduction (FRR) had to a larger extent been exposed to floods in the past and they considered public FRR to be insufficient. They also had a greater sense of responsibility and believed they had considerable knowledge on how to reduce their private flood risk. Respondents were also asked about their preferences for performing 15 specific private risk reducing measures. The most frequent answer given by homeowners was (1) they do not have the knowledge needed to evaluate the measures. (2) They have evaluated the measures and deemed that the measures will not be able to effectively reduce their private flood risk. To facilitate and exploit the flood risk reduction potential of households, this study identifies the following four areas of flood risk management that need to be better communicated to residents in vulnerable residential areas: Objective flood risk, response efficacy regarding private and public FRR measures, skills that can increase homeowners’ self-efficacy, and the actual responsibility distribution by law concerning private property flood risk reduction.},
  issn = {0925-7535}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_borowskastefanskam_2022,
  title = {Emergency management of self-evacuation from flood hazard areas in Poland},
  author = {Borowska-Stefanska, M. and Balazovicova, L. and Goniewicz, K. and Kowalski, M. and Kurzyk, P. and Masny, M. and Wisniewski, S. and Zoncova, M. and Khorram-Manesh, Amir},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Transportation Research Part D-Transport and Environment},
  number = {107},
  pages = {107},
  doi = {10.1016/j.trd.2022.103307},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {flood risk management; evacuation; flood risk; flood hazard areas; gis; traffic modelling; poland; road network; risk-management; urban; accessibility; simulation; voivodeship; disaster; model; environmental sciences & ecology; transportation},
  abstract = {This paper analyses the effectiveness of self-evacuation activities of population by private vehicle transport from flood hazard areas, aimed at minimising the negative effects of flooding.. The paper relies on a four-step traffic model which is based, inter alia, on the results of questionnaire studies. Moreover, the model takes into account the entirety of national traffic, which allows the methodological problems related to the border effect to be overcome. As shown in the study, the shortest or the fastest routes achievable in the pre-flood period are not always most optimal when the flood has already occurred. In such a case, evacuation planning will increase the efficiency of the process. Thus, inadequate designation of evacuation routes may adversely affect the process of relocating people to places of safety. Therefore, it is important to create plans that provide information on evacuation zones, routes and destinations.},
  issn = {1361-9209}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_wilkjulie_2018,
  title = {The perspectives of the urban poor in climate vulnerability assessments: The case of Kota, India},
  author = {Wilk, Julie and Jonsson, Anna and Rydhagen, Birgitta and Rani, Ashu and Kumar, Arun},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Urban Climate},
  number = {24},
  pages = {633--642},
  doi = {10.1016/j.uclim.2017.08.004},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier B.V.},
  keywords = {climate change adaptation; flood prevention; heat waves; participatory vulnerability assessments; urban climate resilience; urban greening},
  abstract = {Kota with a high proportion of slum dwellers and extremely high temperatures is under great demand to assess the vulnerability and adaptive capacity of different groups of its inhabitants to the impacts of climatic variability and change. Participatory workshops with key stakeholders in urban administration undertook a short vulnerability assessment to gauge current climate adaptation awareness and measures and discuss and decide on a numbered of proposed actions. The city has many policies and disaster management plans in place although implementation and enforcement was often found lacking. The actions were mainly about infrastructure and ecosystems with few related to boosting and transforming agent capabilities and institutions. The action plans outlining the frequency and responsible institutions for tree planting and cleaning streams also lacked detail or identification of lead institutions, departments, or people. Although stakeholders highlighted that local knowledge was not sufficiently used to inform good planning and policies, the action plans did not include community representatives in decision-making rather only in the implementation of the proposed actions. Although when the group identified slum populations as especially vulnerable the focus of the assessment shifted but in action plans representatives of this group were not included in any decision making or planning processes. © 2017.},
  issn = {2212-0955}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ortizl_2022,
  title = {Overlapping heat and COVID-19 risk in New York City},
  author = {Ortiz, L. and Mustafa, A. and Herreros Cantis, P. and McPhearson, Timon},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Urban Climate},
  number = {41},
  pages = {41},
  doi = {10.1016/j.uclim.2021.101081},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {extreme heat; multi-hazard risk; covid-19; vulnerability; new york city},
  abstract = {New York City, the most populated urban center in the United States, is exposed to a variety of natural hazards. These range from extratropical storms and coastal flooding to extreme heat and cold temperatures, and have been shown to unevenly impact the various vulnerable groups in the city. As the COVID-19 pandemic hit in March 2020 and the city became an early epicenter, disparities in exposure led to widely uneven infection and mortality rates. This study maps the overlapping heat and COVID-19 risks in New York City with a multi-hazard risk framework during Summer 2020. To do so, we simulate neighborhood scale temperatures using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with a multi-layer urban parameterization. Simulation outputs were combined with zipcode-scale COVID-19 and sociodemographic data to compute a multi-hazard risk index. Our results highlight several regions where high social vulnerability, COVID-19 infection rates, and heat coincide. Moreover, we use the local indicators of spatial association technique to map regions of spatially correlated high multi-hazard risk in the NYC boroughs of The Bronx and parts of Brooklyn and Queens. These high risk locations account for nearly a quarter of the city's population, with households earning less than half than those in the lowest risk zones.},
  issn = {2212-0955}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_iqbalasifa_2023,
  title = {Community perceptions of flood risks and their attributes: A case study of rural communities of Khipro, District Sanghar, Pakistan},
  author = {Iqbal, Asifa and Nazir, H.},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Urban Climate},
  number = {52},
  pages = {52},
  doi = {10.1016/j.uclim.2023.101715},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {awareness; community perception; concerns; flood risk; preparedness},
  abstract = {Globally, the frequency, regularity, and severity of floods are all increasing due to climate change, and climate change's effects on developing nations are significant. In 2022, the worst floods in Pakistan's recorded history occurred. One-fifth of the nation experienced significant destruction, which led to significant economic losses and fatalities. However, the resilience of the local population to withstand the effects of calamities has not received enough attention in rural villages along the Indus River. This descriptive cross-sectional research examined how three communities in high-risk locations in Khipro, Sanghar District, Sindh, Pakistan, perceived and responded to flood dangers based on their past experiences. A survey was conducted with a total of 50 individuals in three villages. To measure flood risk perception, three variables—awareness of floods, concerns about floods, and preparedness—were used. Descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, and Pearson's correlation were applied to find correlations and differences across variables. The study adds valuable knowledge about how people perceive the risk of flooding and how factors like age, education, differences in monthly income levels, low-risk awareness, and preparedness influence that perception in rural areas. This study's findings can be used to evaluate flood risks and adopt local adaptation strategies in flood prone areas.},
  issn = {2212-0955}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_turkingtonthea_2016,
  title = {A new flood type classification method for use in climate change impact studies},
  author = {Turkington, Thea and Breinl, Korbinian and Ettema, Janneke and Alkema, Dinand and Jetten, Victor},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Weather and Climate Extremes},
  number = {14},
  pages = {1--16},
  doi = {10.1016/j.wace.2016.10.001},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  issn = {2212-0947}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ficchandrea_2021,
  title = {Beyond El Niño: Unsung climate modes drive African floods},
  author = {Ficchì, Andrea and Cloke, Hannah and Neves, Claudia and Woolnough, Steve and Coughlan de Perez, Erin and Zsoter, Ervin and Pinto, Izidine and Meque, Arlindo and Stephens, Elisabeth},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Weather and Climate Extremes},
  number = {33},
  pages = {33},
  doi = {10.1016/j.wace.2021.100345},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {climate variability; flood frequency analysis; teleconnections; el nino-southern oscillation; indian ocean dipole; tropical south atlantic},
  abstract = {The El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dominates the conversation about predictability of climate extremes and early warning and preparedness for floods and droughts, but in Africa other modes of climate variability are also known to influence rainfall anomalies. In this study, we compare the role of ENSO in driving flood hazard over sub-Saharan Africa with modes of climate variability in the Indian and Atlantic Oceans. This is achieved by applying flood frequency approaches to a hydrological reanalysis dataset and streamflow observations for different phases of the ENSO, Indian Ocean Dipole and Tropical South Atlantic climate modes.Our results highlight that Indian and Atlantic Ocean modes of climate variability are equally as important as ENSO for driving changes in the frequency of impactful floods across Africa. We propose that in many parts of Africa a larger consideration of these unsung climate modes could provide improved seasonal predictions of associated flood hazard and better inform adaptation to the changing climate.},
  issn = {2212-0947}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dyrrdalanitaverpe_2023,
  title = {Changes in design precipitation over the Nordic-Baltic region as given by convection-permitting climate simulations},
  author = {Dyrrdal, Anita Verpe and Médus, Erika and Dobler, Andreas and Hodnebrog, Øivind and Arnbjerg-Nielsen, Karsten and Olsson, Jonas and Thomassen, Emma Dybro and Lind, Petter and Gaile, Dace and Post, Piia},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Weather and Climate Extremes},
  number = {42},
  pages = {42},
  doi = {10.1016/j.wace.2023.100604},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  abstract = {The increased risk of flooding due to global warming and subsequent heavy rainfall events in the Nordic-Baltic region, call for recommendations directed at long-term planning. One example of such recommendations are climate change allowances. These are often based on expected changes in design precipitation as given by climate model simulations, and are used as a buffer on top of current design values to avoid a future increased damage potential as a consequence of climate change. We here compute expected changes in precipitation design values, so-called climate factors (CFs), for the Nordic-Baltic region, based on 3 km convection permitting simulations from the Nordic Convection Permitting Climate Projections project. These have the advantage of explicitly resolving convection, which has been shown to be the main contributor to increased rainfall. We assess the dependence of the CFs on rainfall duration, return period, and geographical location, focusing on the summer (convective) season, short durations andthe high emission scenario RCP8.5. We also compare these CFs to those computed from a non-convection permitting regional climate model ensemble. We found higher CFs for the longer return period, with only few exceptions, and distinctly higher CFs going from daily to sub-daily durations. However, the different simulations give conflicting results for very short-duration rainfall (<3 h). The huge difference in the climate sensitivity of driving GCMs dominates the magnitude of estimated return levels. Our analysis is shaped by the high computational costs of running convection permitting models, resulting in a very limited ensemble (3 members) representing a single emission scenario (RCP8.5). Therefore, we believe that combining results from convection permitting simulations with a larger ensemble (21 members) of non-convection permitting simulations adds value to the assessment of robust climate change allowances for heavy precipitation in the Nordic-Baltic region.},
  issn = {2212-0947}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_zhangchi_2024,
  title = {Moisture source differences between the 2020 and 1998 super Meiyu-flood events in the Yangtze River Valley},
  author = {Zhang, Chi and Tang, Qiuhong and Zhao, Yang and Chen, Deliang and Huang, Jinchuan and Liu, Yubo and Zhang, Xu},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Weather and Climate Extremes},
  number = {43},
  pages = {43},
  doi = {10.1016/j.wace.2024.100644},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {meiyu; moisture source; precipitation; the yangtze river valley; wam2layers},
  abstract = {Two historic Meiyu events in 1998 and 2020 hit the Yangtze River Valley (YRV), causing catastrophic damage to the socio-economy. By tracking moisture supplies to the extreme precipitation events using Water Accounting Model-2Layers and ERA5 reanalysis, the moisture origins and their differences in feeding the YRV precipitation were revealed. Climatologically, the southwest monsoon channel is the most important moisture channel with the Indian Ocean contributing ∼45% and the Indo-China Peninsula contributing ∼16% of the YRV precipitation. During the two super Meiyu events, the Indian Ocean and the Indo-China Peninsula dominated the excessive moisture supply, which together contributed more than 65% of the extra precipitation. Moisture supply anomalies in 1998 and 2020 showed a robust spatial pattern of “west increase-east decrease”. When the YRV precipitation is higher than the normal, moisture mainly comes from the southwest sources, and moisture contribution from the northwestern Pacific is relatively small. We also found that the intensity of the western Pacific subtropical high is a major influencing factor that explained ∼47% of the YRV precipitation variation during 1991–2020. When it intensifies, an anomalous anticyclone is formed in the mid-lower troposphere around the tropical Northwest Pacific. In its northwestern flank, a strong southwesterly in the upwind of the YRV helps bring in more moisture through the southwest monsoon. In the downwind, it inhibits moisture supply from the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Compared with 2020, a drier condition over Indo-China Peninsula and YRV in 1998 led to a substantially less (∼29%) moisture supply to the YRV precipitation, resulting in a less strong Meiyu event in 1998.},
  issn = {2212-0947}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_wardphilipj_2020,
  title = {The need to integrate flood and drought disaster risk reduction strategies},
  author = {Ward, Philip J. and de Ruiter, Marleen C. and Mård, Johanna and Schröter, Kai and Van Loon, Anne and Veldkamp, Ted and von Uexkull, Nina and Wanders, Niko and AghaKouchak, Amir and Arnbjerg-Nielsen, Karsten and Capewell, Lucinda and Carmen Llasat, Maria and Day, Rosie and Dewals, Benjamin and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Huning, Laurie S. and Kreibich, Heidi and Mazzoleni, Maurizio and Savelli, Elisa and Teutschbein, Claudia and van den Berg, Harmen and van der Heijden, Anne and Vincken, Jelle M.R. and Waterloo, Maarten J. and Wens, Marthe},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Water Security},
  number = {11},
  pages = {11},
  doi = {10.1016/j.wasec.2020.100070},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {floods; disaster risk reduction; droughts; risk},
  abstract = {Most research on hydrological risks focuses either on flood risk or drought risk, whilst floods and droughts are two extremes of the same hydrological cycle. To better design disaster risk reduction (DRR) measures and strategies, it is important to consider interactions between these closely linked phenomena. We show examples of: (a) how flood or drought DRR measures can have (unintended) positive or negative impacts on risk of the opposite hazard; and (b) how flood or drought DRR measures can be negatively impacted by the opposite hazard. We focus on dikes and levees, dams, stormwater control and upstream measures, subsurface storage, migration, agricultural practices, and vulnerability and preparedness. We identify key challenges for moving towards a more holistic risk management approach.},
  issn = {2468-3124}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_rauchwolfgang_2012,
  title = {Stormwater in urban areas},
  author = {Rauch, Wolfgang and Ledin, Anna and Eriksson, Eva and Deletic, Ana and Hunt III, William F. (Bill)},
  year = {2012},
  journal = {Water Research},
  volume = {20},
  number = {46},
  pages = {6588--6588},
  doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2012.10.044},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {environmental science},
  abstract = {Collection, storage and treatment of stormwater in urban areas has been one of the classical disciplines of sanitary and environmental engineering in the past. Waste and pollution transported by stormwater poses quantity and quality problems, is affecting public health and threatens the quality of the environment – most important surface water ecosystems. While traditional solutions have been mostly concerned with discharge and storage, quality issues gained increasing attention over the last years. Reason being both the pollution of the receiving water due to urban stormwater management and the potential use of stormwater as an alternative source of freshwater. This special issue of Water Research covers the most important issues related to management of stormwater in 26 articles. The objective is to give the reader an overview of the state of the art by presenting the most recent findings of high quality research within the new hot topics related to stormwater.The first part of this issue presents findings with relation to stormwater quality. The manuscripts deal with highway runoff, toxic substances, pathogens and priority pollutants. Results are given from monitoring campaigns (mostly from US, Europe and Australia) but also in the context of comprehensive literature reviews.The second half of the issue deals more broadly with a wider spectrum of topics. Papers are covering hydraulic aspects, filtration and clogging of stormwater facilities like swales, permeable pavement and biofilters. Another range of papers accounts for design principles of stormwater management, specifically focusing on sustainable solutions but also on the effect to pluvial flooding. Modeling, data treatment and uncertainty analysis with relation to stormwater concludes the special issue.The editors hope that by reading these papers major challenges will be visualized to the readers but also that there are promising solutions available to these challenges. We appreciate the valuable support of our colleagues who have devoted their time to review the manuscripts and thus ensure the quality of this issue. We also express sincere thanks to the staff of Water Research for their valuable editorial support.},
  issn = {0043-1354}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ohlinsalettianna_2023,
  title = {Cost to society from infiltration and inflow to wastewater systems},
  author = {Ohlin Saletti, Anna and Lindhe, Andreas and Söderqvist, Tore and Rosen, Lars},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Water Research},
  number = {229},
  pages = {229},
  doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2022.119505},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier BV},
  keywords = {uncertainty; sewer system; simulation; cost-benefit analysis; risk-based; decision support},
  abstract = {Water from infiltration and inflow to wastewater systems is an extensive problem causing costs to society in various ways. Comprehensive methods for supporting decisions on how to efficiently mitigate the problems in a sustainable manner are, however, missing today. This paper presents a novel risk-based model to assess the cost to society from infiltration and inflow to wastewater systems by monetising effects related to treatment of wastewater, pumping, combined sewer overflows, and basement flooding. The present value is calculated for a specified time horizon and discount rate, using a cost-benefit analysis approach. To acknowledge the various uncertainties, a probabilistic approach is applied where probability distributions represent the input variables. The model is shown to be applicable by illustrating its use in a case study area in Gothenburg, Sweden. Main results from the case study show that most of the costs are related to investments at the wastewater treatment plant and restoration due to basement flooding events. Sensitivity analyses show that the result is highly dependent on factors such as the volume of infiltration and inflow water, the share of basement flooding, and the discount rate. Using expert elicitation to quantify input data is also illustrated and shown to be a valuable method. The presented model fills an important research knowledge gap and will facilitate a more sustainable and comprehensive handling of water from infiltration and inflow.},
  issn = {0043-1354}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kerlepmartin_2025,
  title = {Patterns and controls of rare earth element (REE) dynamics across a boreal stream network},
  author = {Škerlep, Martin and Laudon, Hjalmar and Lidman, Fredrik and Engström, Emma and Rodushkin, Ilia and Sponseller, Ryan A.},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Water Research},
  number = {276},
  pages = {276},
  doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2025.123237},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {rare earth elements; ree; catchment biogeochemistry; hydrology; boreal stream; tillämpad geokemi; applied geochemistry},
  abstract = {Increased demand for rare earth elements (REE) has resulted in their increased exploitation and the need to better understand their cycling in aquatic environments. Thus far much of the research in boreal areas focused on REE cycling in larger rivers, while relatively little is known regarding their mobilization in smaller headwater streams. Here we used the Krycklan Catchment Study in northern boreal Sweden to investigate how REE are mobilized from diverse boreal headwaters and how their catchment exports are influenced by processes such as weathering, hydrology, and complexation with other solutes. We found that wetland dominated headwaters were source limited and prone to dilution during high discharge, while forested headwaters had considerably higher total REE concentrations and were less affected by discharge fluctuations. Larger downstream catchments showed clear discharge driven seasonal patterns, with high concentrations during spring flood and low concentrations during base flow. While the proportion of mineral soils and water travel time in the catchment were important predictors of REE mobilization, complexation with organic matter appears to play a greater role in higher-order streams with higher pH and a larger contribution from deeper groundwater sources. Overall, we highlight the stark differences between REE cycling in the headwaters and in higher order streams, which can provide important information on the processes that mobilize REE from catchments.},
  issn = {0043-1354}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_petrovakristina_2024,
  title = {Mitigating the legacy of violence: Can flood relief improve people's trust in government in conflict-affected areas? Evidence from Pakistan},
  author = {Petrova, Kristina and Rosvold, Elisabeth L.},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {World Development},
  number = {173},
  pages = {173},
  doi = {10.1016/j.worlddev.2023.106372},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {armed conflict; political trust; disaster relief; floods; pakistan; watan card},
  abstract = {Climate change and violent conflict present two of the most substantial barriers to reaching the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. Many of the countries bearing the greatest impacts of a changing climate also grapple with protracted armed conflict. Despite this, we still have limited knowledge about how political and environmental insecurities affect trust in the institutions that are responsible for disaster management, security and conflict resolution. In this paper we explore whether being exposed to violent armed conflict is associated with low levels of political trust, and whether this can be mitigated by state action. Relying on a household survey covering some 2000 rural households in Pakistan, we investigate how state disaster response shaped trust in conflict-affected contexts in the years following the severe flooding of 2010. Our study suggest that negative implications of violence exposure on political trust can be offset by disaster relief efforts by the state, but only in instances when the government is not involved in the violent activities. Our findings contribute to our understanding of the joint impact of conflict and disasters on political trust, and importantly shows that in some instances, government interventions in a different political domain can reduce negative consequences of armed conflict on trust. Understanding the interplay of compound risks in contexts where multiple risks are occurring simultaneously is crucial because without adequate, coordinated government action, it will be impossible to protect the lives, health and livelihoods of affected people in Pakistan and beyond.},
  issn = {0305-750X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_margoldmartin_2017,
  title = {Glacial Lake Vitim, a 3000 km³ outburst flood from Siberia to the Arctic Ocean},
  author = {Margold, Martin and Jansson, Krister and Stroeven, Arjen and Jansen, John},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Quaternary Research},
  volume = {3},
  number = {76},
  pages = {393--396},
  doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2011.06.009},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
  keywords = {glacial lake outburst flood (glof); freshwater influx; transbaikalia; ice-dammed lake; kvartärgeologi; quarternary geology},
  abstract = {A prominent lake formed when glaciers descending from the Kodar Range blocked the River Vitim in central Transbaikalia, Siberia. Glacial Lake Vitim, evidenced by palaeoshorelines and deltas, covered 23,500 km2 and held a volume of ~3000 km3. We infer that a large canyon in the area of the postulated ice dam served as a spillway during an outburst flood that drained through the rivers Vitim and Lena into the Arctic Ocean. The inferred outburst flood, of a magnitude comparable to the largest known floods on Earth, possibly explains a freshwater spike at ~13 cal ka BP inferred from Arctic Ocean sediments.},
  issn = {0033-5894}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_finnmartin_2017,
  title = {Speleothem evidence for late Holocene climate variability and floods in Southern Greece},
  author = {Finné, Martin and Bar-Matthews, Miryam and Holmgren, Karin and Sundqvist, Hanna S. and Liakopoulos, Ilias and Zhang, Qiong},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Quaternary Research},
  volume = {2},
  number = {81},
  pages = {213--227},
  doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2013.12.009},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Cambridge University Press (CUP)},
  keywords = {mediterranean; southern greece; late holocene; stalagmite; stable isotopes; climate variability; flooding history; hellenistic period},
  abstract = {We present stable isotope data (delta O-18, delta C-13) from a detrital rich stalagmite from Kapsia Cave, the Peloponnese, Greece. The cave is rich in archeological remains and there are reasons to believe that flooding of the cave has directly affected humans using the cave. Using a combination of U-Th and C-14 dating to constrain a site-specific correction factor for (Th-232/U-238) detrital molar ratio, a linear age model was constructed. The age model shows that the stalagmite grew during the period from ca. 950 BC to ca. AD 830. The stable oxygen record from Kapsia indicates cyclical changes of close to 500 yr in precipitation amount, with rapid shifts towards wetter conditions followed by slowly developing aridity. Superimposed on this signal, wetter conditions are inferred around 850, 700, 500 and 400-100 BC, and around AD 160-300 and AD 770; and driest conditions are inferred to have occurred around 450 BC, AD 100-150 and AD 650. Detrital horizons in the stalagmite indicate that three major floods took place in the cave at 500 BC, 70 BC and AD 450. The stable carbon isotope record reflects changes in biological activity being a result of both climate and human activities. (c) 2014 University of Washington.},
  issn = {0033-5894}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ingrijohan_2000,
  title = {Temporal variations in the fractionation of the rare earth elements in a boreal river; the role of colloidal particles.},
  author = {Ingri, Johan and Widerlund, Anders and Land, Magnus and Gustafsson, Örjan and Andersson, Per and Öhlander, Björn},
  year = {2000},
  journal = {Chemical Geology},
  volume = {1},
  number = {166},
  pages = {23--45},
  doi = {10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00178-3},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {applied geology; tillämpad geologi},
  abstract = {Rare earth element (REE) data from weekly sampling of the filtered (<0.45 μm) and suspended particulate phase during 18 months in the Kalix River, Northern Sweden, are presented together with data on colloidal particles and the solution fraction (<3 kDa). The filtered REE concentration show large seasonal and temporal variations in the river. Lanthanum varied between approximately 300 and 2100 pM. High REE concentration in the filter-passing fraction is related to increased water discharge and there is a strong correlation between the REE concentration, organic carbon, Al and Fe. Physical erosion of detrital particles plays a minor role for the yearly transport of particulate REE in this boreal river system. The suspended particulate fraction, which is dominated by non-detrital fractions, accounted for only 35% of the yearly total transport of La in the river. Approximately 10% of the REE were transported in detrital particles during winter. At spring-flood in May, about 30% of the LREE and up to 60% of the HREE where hosted in detrital particles. Ultrafiltration of river water during spring-flood shows that colloidal particles dominate the transport of filter-passing REE. Less than 5% of the filtered REE are found in the fraction smaller than 3 kDa. The colloidal fraction shows a flat to slightly LREE enriched pattern whereas the solution fraction (<3 kDa) show an HREE enriched pattern, compared with till in the catchment. Suspended particles show a LREE enriched pattern. Data indicate that the REE are associated with two phases in the colloidal (and particulate) fraction, an organic-rich phase (with associated Al-Fe) and an Fe-rich (Fe-oxyhydroxide) inorganic phase. The Ce-anomaly in the suspended particulate fraction in the river shows systematic variations, and can be used to interpret fractionation processes of the REE during weathering and transport. There was no anomaly at maximum spring-flood but during the ice-covered period the anomaly became more and more negative. The temporal and seasonal variations of the Ce-anomaly in the suspended particulate phase reflect transport of REE-C-Al-Fe-enriched colloids from the upper section of the till (and/or from mires) to the river at storm events.},
  issn = {0009-2541}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_anderssonpers_2001,
  title = {The importance of colloids for the behavior of uranium isotopes in the low-salinity zone of a stable estuary},
  author = {Andersson, Per S. and Porcelli, D. and Gustafsson, Örjan and Ingri, Johan and Wasserburg, G. J.},
  year = {2001},
  journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
  volume = {1},
  number = {65},
  pages = {13--25},
  doi = {10.1016/S0016-7037(00)00514-7},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {applied geology; tillämpad geologi},
  abstract = {Particle-mediated removal processes of U isotopes were investigated during spring flood discharge in the low-salinity zone (LSZ, up to 3 practical salinity units [psu]) of a stable estuary. A shipboard ultrafiltration cross-flow filtration (CFF) technique was used to separate particles (>0.2 μm) and colloids (between 3000 daltons (3 kD) and 0.2 μm) from ultrafiltered water (<3 kD) containing "dissolved" species. Sediment traps were used to collect sinking material. Concentration of Fe and organic C, which are indicators of the major U carrier phases, were used to interpret the behavior of 234U-238U during estuarine mixing. Colloids dominated the river water transport of U, carrying ≈90% of the U. On entering the estuary, colloids accounted for the dominant fraction of U to about a salinity of 1 psu, but only a minor fraction (<5%) at 3 psu. A substantial fraction of the total U is removed at <1 psu by Fe-organic rich colloids that aggregate and sink during initial estuarine mixing in the Kalix River estuary. In contrast, at salinities >1 psu, there is a general correlation between U and salinity in all filtered fractions. The 234U/238U ratios in different filtered fractions and sinking particles were generally indistinguishable at each station and showed enrichment in 234U, compared with secular equilibrium (δ234U = 266-567). This clearly shows that all size fractions are dominated by nondetrital U. Consideration of U isotope systematics across the estuary reveals that substantial U exchange must occur involving larger particles at least to 1 psu and involving colloids at least to ≈1.5 psu. Further exchange at higher salinities may also occur, as the proportion of U on colloids decreases with increasing salinity. This may be due to decreasing colloid concentration and increasing stabilization of uranyl carbonate complexes during mixing in the estuary. The results show that although U is a soluble element that shows generally conservative mixing in estuaries, removal occurs in the very low salinity zone, and this zone represents a significant sink of U. Variation in composition and concentration of colloidal particles between different estuaries might thus be an important factor for determining the varying behavior of U between estuaries.},
  issn = {0016-7037}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kawamuraakira_1997,
  title = {Real-time tracking of convective rainfall properties using a two-dimensional advection-diffusion model},
  author = {Kawamura, Akira and Jinno, Kenji and Berndtsson, Ronny and Furukawa, Takashi},
  year = {1997},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
  volume = {1},
  number = {203},
  pages = {109--118},
  doi = {10.1016/S0022-1694(97)00088-7},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  abstract = {There is a need to improve rainfall forecasting capabilities for small ungaged urban catchments to reduce flooding hazards and pollution release. For this purpose, information is required on small-scale and short-term convective cell behavior. We use a two-dimensional stochastic advection-diffusion model to parameterize the space-time rainfall intensity from convective rainfall. The rainfall intensity resulting from different separable components of the rain cell, such as apparent turbulent diffusion and development/decay of rainfall intensity, is quantified for 10 observed and, for southern Sweden, representative high-intensity rainfall events. This is done following a Lagrangian approach. It is shown the used model was able to respond to rapid changes in observed rainfall intensity in both space and time, thus giving a small average root-mean-square error for all 10 events (0.06 mm min-1). When dividing the total rainfall intensity into apparent turbulent diffusion and development/decay terms, respectively,it was shown that D(y,center) and γ(center) contribute approximately equally to the observed rainfall intensity. The D(x,center) is usually only half the value of D(y,center), thus indicating less intensity contribution from this term and that the general elliptical shape of rain cells are elongated in the direction of movement. The observations indicate that the cumulus stage represents half and the dissipating stage half of the total cell development, respectively. The results can be used as first choice of parameter values when modeling rain cell movement over ungaged areas and the presented methodology can be used to study the effects of different cell components on total rainfall intensity.},
  issn = {0022-1694}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_torsviktrondh_2002,
  title = {The Taimyr fold belt, Arctic Siberia: timing of prefold remagnetisation and regional tectonics},
  author = {Torsvik, Trond H and Andersen, TB},
  year = {2002},
  journal = {Tectonophysics},
  volume = {3},
  number = {352},
  pages = {335--348},
  doi = {10.1016/S0040-1951(02)00274-3},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  abstract = {Late Precambrian and Palaeozoic platform sediments from the Central-South Taimyr Peninsula (Arctic Siberia) are all remagnetised. The remagnetisation is prefold and is related to thermal remagnetisation caused by Taimyr Trap magmatism. The remagnetisation age is estimated to 220-230 Ma and, hence, is considerably younger than the ca. 251 Ma age for the main body of Siberian Trap flood basalts. The folding that affected the Taimyr region platform sediments also included the Taimyr "Traps," hence, relegating Taimyr deformation to post-Mid Triassic time, and most probably, to a Late Triassic age. This shows that whilst thrusting terminated in the Urals during the Permian, crustal shortening continued in Taimyr, Novaya-Zemlya and the South Barents Sea, well into the Mesozoic. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
  issn = {0040-1951}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_semadenidaviesannette_2001,
  title = {Radiation balance of urban snow: a water management perspective},
  author = {Semadeni-Davies, Annette and Lundberg, Angela and Bengtsson, Lars},
  year = {2001},
  journal = {Cold Regions Science and Technology},
  volume = {1},
  number = {33},
  pages = {59--76},
  doi = {10.1016/S0165-232X(01)00028-3},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {applied geology; tillämpad geologi},
  abstract = {The radiation balance of urbanised catchments differs from their rural counterparts, with snowpacks experiencing either enhanced or decreased irradiance depending on snowpack location and condition. As snowmelt is largely driven by radiation inputs, changes to localised irradiance (and melt rates) have implications for urban runoff generation. Storm- and wastewater drainage systems in cold regions are currently dimensioned for rain according to practices developed for temperate climates. They are not designed to cope with wintry conditions, which can lead to surface flooding, hydraulic overloads and poor water quality at receiving waters.  Net allwave radiation measurements over snow made at the Swedish city of Luleå during April 1997 and 1998 are presented. The 1997 measurements were made in the vicinity of a matt-black-painted metal building at Luleå University of Technology, whereas the 1998 measurements are from a specially constructed 3×6-m black plastic-clad wall built on an open field just outside the town. Black minimises multiple reflections between the snow and walls, while maximising absorption of shortwave radiation by walls. The data were compared to the outputs of an urban radiation model. The results show that urban structures significantly alter radiation over snow. The temperature of the south-facing walls translates to longwave enhancements in the order of 150 W m−2 for several metres from the walls on sunny days. Shaded snow near the north-facing wall showed a net allwave radiation loss of the same order of magnitude. Radiation inputs to snow are similar both to the north and south of walls when the sky is overcast. The need to include snowmelt energetics within design and management techniques is discussed in light of the results.},
  issn = {0165-232X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_holmstrmhenning_2001,
  title = {Layers rich in Fe- and Mn-oxyhydroxides formed at the tailings-pond water interface, a possible trap for trace metals in flooded mine tailings},
  author = {Holmström, Henning and Öhlander, Björn},
  year = {2001},
  journal = {Journal of Geochemical Exploration},
  volume = {1},
  number = {74},
  pages = {189--203},
  doi = {10.1016/S0375-6742(01)00184-4},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {electron micoprobe analysis; flooding; oxyhydroxides; remediation; sulphides; tailings; trace metals; applied geology},
  abstract = {Geochemical field studies of the flooded sulphide-rich mine tailings at Stekenjokk in northern Sweden have been performed. Minor diffusion of elements from the tailings to the pond water is occurring. The diffusion rate is higher where tailings that were oxidised before the flooding have been deposited. Layers rich in Fe-and Mn-oxyhydroxides have been developed close to the tailings surface, and a layer of natural sediments rich in organic material have developed on the tailings surface since the flooding. The oxyhydroxides adsorb and/or co-precipitate metals and function as a trap for released metals at the tailings-pond water interface, thereby decreasing the diffusion rate from the tailings pore water to the pond water at the sediment-water interface. This study shows that it is possible for a deposit of flooded tailings to reach a state when it almost functions as a natural lake in northerly areas, with Fe-and Mn-oxyhydroxide layers controlling the diffusion of metals into the overlying pond water, within a relatively short time after remediation. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
  issn = {0375-6742}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ingrijohan_1997,
  title = {Hydrogeochemistry of sulfur isotopes in the Kalix River catchment, northern Sweden},
  author = {Ingri, Johan and Torssander, P. and Andersson, P. S. and Mörth, C. -M. and Kusakabe, M.},
  year = {1997},
  journal = {Applied Geochemistry},
  volume = {4},
  number = {12},
  pages = {483--496},
  doi = {10.1016/S0883-2927(97)00026-7},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {applied geology; tillämpad geologi},
  abstract = {The 34S-to-32S ratio in dissolved SO4 has been studied in the Kalix River, Northern Sweden, and its catchment. Weekly sampling over 17 months revealed temporal variations from +5.3‰ up to +7.4‰ in the δ34S values in the river. Snow and rain samples showed lower δ34S values (average +5.6‰ and +5.0‰, respectively). The atmosphere is the major source for S in surface waters in the catchment, and the heavier δ34S values in the river are a result of SO4 reduction within the catchment. Most of the temporal variations in the δ34S value in the river are caused by a mixing of water from the mountain areas (relatively light δ34S) and the woodland. The δ34S value is relatively heavy in the woodland tributaries because of bacterial SO4 reduction in peatland areas influenced by groundwater. The highest δ34S values were measured during the spring flood, in June and in November. These heavy δ34S values are related to different types of water with diverse origins. The heavy δ34S values coinciding with the early spring flood originate from peatland areas in the woodland. Relatively heavy δ34S values (up to +14.4‰) were registered in mire water. Smaller variations of the δ34S value during summer and early autumn most likely were caused by the input of ground-mire water during heavy rains. A correlation between increased TOC concentrations and increased δ34S values was observed. The heavy δ34S values in June and November probably originate from SO4 reduction in bottom water and sediments in lakes within the catchment. Bottom water, enriched in 34S---SO4, was transported in the river during the spring and autumn overturn.},
  issn = {0883-2927}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_holmstrmhenning_1999,
  title = {Oxygen penetration and subsequent reactions in flooded sulphidic mine tailings: a study at Stekenjokk, northern Sweden},
  author = {Holmström, Henning and Öhlander, Björn},
  year = {1999},
  journal = {Applied Geochemistry},
  volume = {6},
  number = {14},
  pages = {747--759},
  doi = {10.1016/S0883-2927(98)00095-X},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {applied geology; tillämpad geologi},
  abstract = {A study of O2 penetration and pore water geochemistry of the flooded tailings at Stekenjokk has been performed. The results show that there is a diffusion of elements from the tailings pore water to the overlying water. The presence of elements such as Ca, Mg, S, Si, Ba and Sr are likely the result of diffusion of older process water trapped in the tailings. Oxygen concentrations in the tailings measured with microelectrodes show that there is O2 available down to 16 to 17 mm depth in the tailings. Pore water analyses show that there are subsurface maxima for the elements Cu, Zn, Ni, Co and Cd at depths of 0.25 to 2.75 cm. The highest concentrations of almost all elements were found where previously oxidised material was deposited before the flooding. Lower pH is measured in the uppermost part of the tailings compared with the pond water and the tailings pore water at depth. Oxidation of sulphides in the uppermost part of the tailings is probably occurring. A decrease in oxidation rate can be expected in the future due to deposition of organic material at the tailings surface. Flooding seems to be an efficient remediation method at Stekenjokk.},
  issn = {0883-2927}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_landmagnus_2000,
  title = {Ba/Sr, Ca/Sr and 87Sr/86Sr ratios in soil water and groundwater: implications for relative contributions to stream water discharge},
  author = {Land, Magnus and Ingri, Johan and Andersson, Per S. and Öhlander, Björn},
  year = {2000},
  journal = {Applied Geochemistry},
  volume = {3},
  number = {15},
  pages = {311--325},
  doi = {10.1016/S0883-2927(99)00054-2},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {applied geology; tillämpad geologi},
  abstract = {Barium/Sr and Ca/Sr ratios have been used to model the relative importance of different sources of stream water. Major and trace element concentrations together with 87Sr/86Sr ratios were measured in precipitation, soil water, groundwater and stream water in a small (9.4 km2) catchment in northern Sweden. The study catchment is drained by a first order stream and mainly covered with podzolized Quaternary till of granitic composition. It is underlain by a 1.8 Ga granite. A model with mixing equations used in an iterative mode was developed in order to separate the stream water into 3 subsurface components: soil water, shallow groundwater, and deep groundwater. Contributions from precipitation are thus not included in the model. This source may be significant for the stream water generation, but it does not interfere with the calculations of the relative contributions from the subsurface components. The results show that the deep groundwater constitutes between 5 and 20% of the subsurface water discharge into the stream water. The highest values of the deep groundwater fraction occur during base flow. Soil water dominates during snowmelt seasons, whereas during base flow it is the least important fraction. Soil water accounts for 10–100% of the subsurface water discharge into the stream water. Shallow groundwater accounts for up to 80% of the subsurface water discharge with the lowest values at peak discharge during snowmelt seasons and the highest values during base flow. The validity of the model was tested by comparing the measured 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the stream water with the 87Sr/86Sr ratios predicted by the model. There was a systematic difference between the measured and modelled 87Sr/86Sr ratios which suggests that the fraction of soil water is overestimated by the model, especially during spring flood. As a consequence of this overestimation of soil water the amount of shallow groundwater is probably underestimated during this period. However, it is concluded that the differences between measured and predicted values are relatively small, and that element ratios are potentially effective tracers for different subsurface water flowpaths in catchments.},
  issn = {0883-2927}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hkmikael_2010,
  title = {Development journey and outlook of Chinese giant oilfields},
  author = {Höök, Mikael and Tang, Xu and Pang, Xiongqi and Aleklett, Kjell},
  year = {2010},
  journal = {Petroleum Exploration and Development},
  volume = {2},
  number = {37},
  pages = {237--249},
  doi = {10.1016/S1876-3804(10)60030-4},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Elsevier},
  keywords = {giant oil fields; future chinese oil production; decline curve analysis; production modelling; oil production strategy; physics; physical planning; fysisk planläggning; other engineering physics; övrig teknisk fysik; physics with specialization in global energy resources; fysik med inriktning mot globala energiresurser},
  abstract = {Over 70% of China’s domestic oil production is obtained from nine giant oilfields. Understanding the behaviour of these fields is essential to both domestic oil production and future Chinese oil imports. This study utilizes decline curves and depletion rate analysis to create some future production outlooks for the Chinese giants. Based on our study, we can only conclude that China’s future domestic oil production faces a significant challenge caused by maturing and declining giant fields. Evidence also indicates that the extensive use of water flooding and enhanced oil recovery methods may be masking increasing scarcity and may result in even steeper future decline rates than the ones currently being seen. Our results suggest that a considerable drop in oil production from the Chinese giants can be expected over the next decades.},
  issn = {1876-3804}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kaliskaedyta_2025,
  title = {OSL dating of glacial outburst flood deposits in NE Poland and their bleaching problem inferred from the landform-sediment associations and regional context},
  author = {Kalińska, Edyta and Weckwerth, Piotr and Alexanderson, Helena and Piotrowski, Jan A. and Wysota, Wojciech},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Quaternary Research (United States)},
  number = {124},
  pages = {26--46},
  doi = {10.1017/qua.2024.50},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Cambridge University Press},
  abstract = {A continental-type glacial flood termed the Suwałki megafloods took place in NE Poland during the last glaciation and significantly transformed the proglacial area. This study aims, for the first time, to establish the chronology of this flood. Twenty-two sediment samples from two meltwater spillways were dated by optically stimulated luminescence. Sixteen ages from the flood megadunes are between 83 ± 11 ka and 16.9 ± 0.9 ka, whereas six ages from the outwash tracks range from 71.5 ± 9.9 ka to 20.3 ± 2.5 ka. Three dates from the uppermost part of the megadune sedimentary successions are 16.9 ± 0.9 ka, 17.9 ± 1.9 ka, and 18.8 ± 1.3 ka, and they may mark the likely true age of the Suwałki megafloods. We found no consistent relationships between the sedimentary structures and bleaching characteristics suggesting that the two are largely independent, contrary to what is typically assumed for fluvial deposits. Similarly, the transport distance from the ice margin did not exert a consistent influence on the sediment bleaching characteristics. A new hypothesis considers the stage of flooding to have a relevant impact on sediment bleaching: sediment deposited during the flood waning is well bleached and has a high potential for constraining the flood age.},
  issn = {0033-5894}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mehlqvistkristina_2015,
  title = {A palynological study from Sweden reveals stable terrestrial environments during Late Silurian extreme marine conditions},
  author = {Mehlqvist, Kristina and Wigforss-Lange, Jane and Vajda, Vivi},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Earth and environmental science transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh},
  number = {105},
  pages = {149--158},
  doi = {10.1017/S1755691015000043},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: The Royal Society of Edinburgh},
  keywords = {silurian; spores; early land plants; evolution; silur; sporer; tidiga landväxter; the changing earth; den föränderliga jorden},
  abstract = {A palynological study of the upper Silurian Öved–Ramsåsa Group in Skåne, Sweden yields a well preserved spore assemblage with low relative abundances of marine microfossils. In total, 26 spore taxa represented by 15 genera were identified. The spore assemblage is dominated by long-ranging cryptospore taxa, and the trilete spore Ambitisporites avitus-dilutus. However, key-species identified include Artemopyra radiata, Hispanaediscus lamontii, H. major, H. verrucatus, Scylaspora scripta and Synorisporites cf. libycus. Importantly, Scylaspora klintaensis was identified, allowing correlation with the Klinta 1 drillcore (Skåne). A Ludlow age is inferred for the exposed succession, which agrees well with previous conodont stratigraphy. The organic residue is dominated by phytodebris and spores, but with high relative abundances of acritarchs at two levels, possibly related to flooding surfaces. Based on the palynofacies analysis, a near-shore marine environment is proposed. The close proximity to land is inferred by the high proportions of spores, and the dispersed assemblage most likely represents the local flora growing on delta plains. The palynological signal also infers a stable terrestrial environment and vegetation, in contrast to unstable conditions in the marine environment characterised by ooid formation in an evaporitic environment. Comparisons with coeval spore assemblages from Gotland, Avalonia and Laurentia show relatively close similarities in taxonomic composition at the generic level.},
  issn = {1755-6910}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_filipovicmarko_2015,
  title = {Mass Balance of Perfluorinated Alkyl Acids in a Pristine Boreal Catchment},
  author = {Filipovic, Marko and Laudon, Hjalmar and McLachlan, Michael S. and Berger, Urs},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Environmental Science and Technology},
  volume = {20},
  number = {49},
  pages = {12127--12135},
  doi = {10.1021/acs.est.5b03403},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: American Chemical Society (ACS)},
  abstract = {Mass balances of ten individual perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs) in two nested pristine catchments in Northern Sweden with different sizes and hydrological functions were assembled for 2011-2012. Concentrations of PFAAs in rain and snowmelt, as well as in streamwater at the outlet of the two watersheds were measured and used to calculate PFAA atmospheric inputs to and riverine outputs from the catchments. The results generally showed a great excess of PFAA inputs for both catchments over the whole study year. However, during the spring flood period, the inputs and outputs were within a factor of 2 for several PFAAs and the streamwater showed PFAA patterns resembling the patterns in rain (as opposed to snowmelt), suggesting that snowmelt water infiltrating the ground had displaced water from the previous summer. Comparison of PFAA mass balances between the two catchments further suggested that atmospheric inputs of short-chain (replacement) perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids had increased in the years before sampling, while inputs of the legacy perfluorooctane sulfonic acid had decreased. Overall, the mass balances indicate that a considerable portion of the PFAAs deposited from the atmosphere are stored in soil and may be released to surface and marine water environments in the future.},
  issn = {0013-936X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_josefssonsarah_2016,
  title = {Persistent Organic Pollutants in Streamwater: Influence of Hydrological Conditions and Landscape Type},
  author = {Josefsson, Sarah and Bergknut, Magnus and Futter, Martyn and Jansson, Stina and Laudon, Hjalmar and Lundin, Lisa and Wiberg, Karin},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Environmental Science and Technology},
  volume = {14},
  number = {50},
  pages = {7416--7424},
  doi = {10.1021/acs.est.6b00475},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: American Chemical Society (ACS)},
  abstract = {Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in streamwater were measured in a remote catchment in northern Sweden and downstream to the Baltic Sea. Sampling took place at seven sites during two years and under different hydrological conditions: during the snow-free, snow-covered, and spring-flood seasons. Concentrations varied substantially between seasons and were up to 20 times higher during the spring flood compared to the preceding snow-covered period. The increase in concentrations with runoff was due to higher levels of particle-associated contaminants, while the dissolved concentrations remained stable. Particulate-contaminant concentrations were positively correlated primarily to suspended particulate matter (SPM) at sites in areas with a high land-cover fraction of sorted sediment. When upstream sampling locations were compared, a mire-dominated stream had higher concentrations and a lower retention of atmospherically deposited contaminants than a forest stream of the same catchment size. Contaminant concentrations (normalized to volume) did not increase consistently downstream despite the presence of several point sources. However, when normalized to the amount of SPM, concentrations were on average >20 times higher at the outlet in the Baltic Sea compared to the outlet from the remote catchment without point sources.},
  issn = {0013-936X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_minhnguyenanh_2018,
  title = {The Role of Spring Flood and Landscape Type in the Terrestrial Export of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds to Streamwater},
  author = {Minh Nguyen, Anh and Ahrens, Lutz and Gustavsson, Jakob and Josefsson, Sarah and Laudon, Hjalmar and Wiberg, Karin},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Environmental Science and Technology},
  number = {52},
  pages = {6217--6225},
  doi = {10.1021/acs.est.7b04874},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: American Chemical Society (ACS)},
  abstract = {Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), including 19 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 15 PAH-derivatives (oxygenated and nitrogen heterocyclic PAHs), were measured in streams in a remote headwater catchment in northern Europe and in more urbanized, downstream areas. Sampling was conducted during 2014 to 2016 and included the main hydrological seasons (snow-free, snow-covered, and spring flood) at six sampling sites. Levels of the targeted PACs varied substantially over time and space and were up to 110-fold (on average 17-fold) and 7000-fold (on average 670-fold) higher for PAHs and PAH-derivatives, respectively, during spring flood compared with preceding snow-covered and snow-free seasons. Higher levels of Sigma PACs were generally found in a headwater stream draining a mire than at an adjacent forested site, with up to 20 times and 150 times higher levels for Sigma PAH and Sigma PAH-derivatives, respectively. The particle-bound PAC levels were positively correlated to surface runoff in the mire stream (Sigma PAHs: p = 0.032; Sigma PAH-derivatives: p = 0.040) but not in the corresponding forest stream, during snowmelt and winter base flow. In more urbanized downstream areas, particle-bound PACs were instead strongly associated with suspended particulate matter (p < 0.05; Sigma PAHs and Sigma PAH-derivatives except one site). Levels of Sigma PACs in the streamwater were on average 3-fold higher downstream of the most densely populated area than at the outlet of the headwater catchment. The higher PAC levels in the downstream water compared to the remote headwater were clearer when normalized to SPM amounts (instead of water volume), with a gradual downstream trend between the sites.},
  issn = {0013-936X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_celmaalberto_2025,
  title = {Effect-Based Assessment of Runoff Water Streams in Stormwater Manufactured Barriers},
  author = {Celma, Alberto and Mandava, Geeta and Wiberg, Karin and Lundqvist, Johan},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {ACS ES&T water},
  number = {5},
  pages = {5112--5121},
  doi = {10.1021/acsestwater.5c00256},
  language = {eng},
  abstract = {Stormwater and urban runoff have been identified as one of the major sources of chemical pollution in the aquatic environment. Although traditionally treated with man-made stormwater ponds to prevent flooding as well as to foster the remediation of some pollutants, the biological activities and removal efficiencies of toxic micropollutants are largely unknown. In this study, two stormwater ponds were studied during different hydrological conditions by means of a battery (n = 6) of cell-based bioassays, whereby the toxic pressure of the inlet and outlet water could be assessed. While no activities were observed for the oxidative stress reporter gene or androgenic activation or inhibition, clear agonistic and antagonistic estrogenic as well as aryl hydrocarbon activation responses were observed. Our observations further indicate that the efficiency of the ponds' ability to lower this bioactivity from inlet to outlet was highly variable, with several cases where higher activity was observed in the outgoing water than in the ingoing water, indicating poor management of the stormwater and the need for improved treatment approaches before the stormwater is discharged into recipient water bodies.},
  issn = {2690-0637}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_tjerngrenida_2012,
  title = {Eight Boreal Wetlands as Sources and Sinks for Methyl Mercury in Relation to Soil Acidity, C/N Ratio, and Small-Scale Flooding},
  author = {Tjerngren, Ida and Meili, Markus and Björn, Erik and Skyllberg, Ulf},
  year = {2012},
  journal = {Environmental Science and Technology},
  volume = {15},
  number = {46},
  pages = {8052--8060},
  doi = {10.1021/es300845x},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: American Chemical Society (ACS)},
  abstract = {Four years of catchment export and wetland input-output mass balances are reported for inorganic Hg (Hg-inorg), methyl mercury (MeHg), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and sulfate in eight Swedish boreal wetlands. All wetlands had a history of artificial drainage and seven were subjected to small-scale flooding during the complete study period (two sites) or the two last years (five sites). We used an approach in which specific runoff data determined at hydrological stations situated at a distance from the studied sites were used in the calculation of water and element budgets. All wetlands except one were significant sinks for Hg-inorg. Seven wetlands were consistent sources of MeHg and one (an Alnus glutinosa swamp) was a significant sink. The pattern of MeHg yields was in good agreement with previously determined methylation and demethylation rates in the wetland soils of this study, with a maximum MeHg yield obtained in wetlands with an intermediate soil acidity (pH similar to 5.0) and C/N ratio (similar to 20). We hypothesize that an increased nutrient status from poor to intermediate conditions promotes methylation over demethylation, whereas a further increase in nutrient status and trophy to meso- and eutrophic conditions promotes demethylation over methylation. Small-scale flooding showed no or moderate changes in MeHg yield, maintaining differences among wetlands related to nutrient status.},
  issn = {0013-936X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_zhangx_2003,
  title = {Early stages of Gondwana breakup: The Ar-40/Ar-39 geochronology of Jurassic basaltic rocks from western Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, and implications for the timing of magmatic and hydrothermal events},
  author = {Zhang, X and Luttinen, AV and Elliott, DH and Larsson, Kent and Foland, KA},
  year = {2003},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  number = {108},
  pages = {9},
  doi = {10.1029/2001JB001070},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley-Blackwell},
  abstract = {[1] The timing of magmatic events forming Jurassic basaltic rocks in Dronning Maud Land (DML), Antarctica, and hydrothermal activity that affected them is addressed with detailed Ar-40/Ar-39 incremental heating dating of feldspars. Plagioclase from an Utpostane gabbro and from a Kirwanveggen dolerite dike yield indistinguishable plateau ages at 177 +/- 1.8 Ma. Because of geologic controls, this establishes the age of tholeiites in Vestfjella. These plateau ages demonstrate synchroneity of tholeiitic magmatism of both DML and the well-documented Ferrar Province of Antarctica, which together with the closely temporal Karoo constitute the Gondwana breakup magmatism. Vug-filling microclines from Vestfjella yield plateau ages of 150 and 139 Ma which are interpreted to give the ages of secondary mineralization events. These results suggest a lengthy period of extension, possibly accompanied by pervasive low-temperature hydrothermal activity, between flood basalt magmatism and inception of seafloor spreading (circa 160-165 Ma), with younger moderate temperature events recorded by K-feldspars and related to early stages of spreading and/or changes in plate motions. The majority of plagioclase samples yield discordant age spectra that reflect primarily overprinting by younger events and incorporation of excess Ar, and they illustrate the complexities that can be produced.},
  issn = {2156-2202}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_romanowiczrj_2006,
  title = {Data assimilation and adaptive forecasting of water levels in the river Severn catchment, United Kingdom},
  author = {Romanowicz, R J and Young, P C and Beven, Keith J},
  year = {2006},
  journal = {Water resources research},
  volume = {6},
  number = {42},
  doi = {10.1029/2005WR004373},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {data-based mechanistic; flood forecasting; kalman filter; recursive estimation},
  abstract = {[ 1] This paper describes data assimilation (DA) and adaptive forecasting techniques for flood forecasting and their application to forecasting water levels at various locations along a 120 km reach of the river Severn, United Kingdom. The methodology exploits the top-down, data-based mechanistic (DBM) approach to the modeling of environmental processes, concentrating on the identification and estimation of those "dominant modes'' of dynamic behavior that are most important for flood prediction. In particular, hydrological processes active in the catchment are modeled using the state-dependent parameter ( SDP) method of estimating a nonlinear, effective rainfall transformation together with a linear stochastic transfer function (STF) method for characterizing both the effective rainfall - river level behavior and the river level routing processes. The complete model consists of these lumped parameter, linear and nonlinear stochastic, dynamic elements connected in a quasi-distributed manner that represents the physical structure of the catchment. The adaptive forecasting system then utilizes a state-space form of the complete catchment model, including allowance for heteroscedasticity in the errors, as the basis for data assimilation and forecasting using a Kalman filter forecasting engine. Here the predicted model states ( water levels) and adaptive parameters are updated recursively in response to input data received in real time from sensors in the catchment. Direct water level forecasting is considered, rather than flow, because this removes the need to transform the level measurement through the rating curve and tends to decrease the forecasting errors.},
  issn = {0043-1397}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_buffamishi_2007,
  title = {Landscape-scale variability of acidity and dissolved organic carbon during spring flood in a boreal stream network},
  author = {Buffam, Ishi and Laudon, Hjalmar and Temnerud, Johan and Mörth, Carl-Magnus and Bishop, Kevin},
  year = {2007},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  number = {112},
  doi = {10.1029/2006JG000218},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {environmental chemistry},
  abstract = {Acidity is well known to influence stream biota, but the less well-studied spatial and temporal distributions of acidity are likely to play a larger ecological role than average values. We present data on spatial variability of chemical parameters contributing to acidity during winter baseflow and spring flood periods in Krycklan, a fourth-order boreal stream network in northern Sweden. Fifteen stream sites were monitored in subcatchments spanning 3 orders of magnitude in size and representing a wide range of percent wetland. At baseflow, pH ranged from 3.9 to 6.5 at the different sites. Baseflow dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration varied by an order of magnitude and was positively correlated with subcatchment percent wetland, resulting in high spatial variability in dissociated organic acids (OA(-)). During spring flood, DOC and OA(-) increased in forested sites and decreased in wetland sites, resulting in reduced spatial variability in their concentrations. In contrast, base cations and strong acid anions diluted throughout the stream network, resulting in decreased acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) at all sites. The spatial variability of base cations increased slightly with high flow. As a result of the changes in OA(-) and ANC, pH dropped at all but the most acidic site, giving a slightly narrowed pH range during spring flood (4.2-6.1). The transition from winter to spring flood stream chemistry could largely be explained by: (1) a shift from mineral to upper riparian organic soil flow paths in forested catchments and (2) dilution of peat water with snowmelt in wetland catchments.},
  issn = {0148-0227}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_blazkovasarka_2009,
  title = {A limits of acceptability approach to model evaluation and uncertainty estimation in flood frequency estimation by continuous simulation: Skalka catchment, Czech Republic},
  author = {Blazkova, Sarka and Beven, Keith},
  year = {2009},
  journal = {Water resources research},
  number = {45},
  doi = {10.1029/2007WR006726},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {earth sciences},
  abstract = {In this study continuous simulation flood frequency predictions on the Skalka catchment in the Czech Republic (672 km 2, range of altitudes from 460 to 1041 m above sea level), are compared against summary information of rainfall characteristics, the flow duration curve, and the frequency characteristics of flood discharges and snow water equivalent using the generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation limits of acceptability approach outlined by Beven (2006). Limits of acceptability have been defined, prior to running the Monte Carlo model realizations for subcatchment rainfalls, discharges (using rating data) at 5 sites within the catchment, and snow water equivalent in 13 snow zones, 4 of which have observed data. Flood frequency and flow duration data at the outlet of the whole catchment are not used in the evaluation but are used to test the predictions. In order to get sufficient behavioral models to assess adequately the prediction uncertainty it was necessary to refine the model structure, sample the model space more densely, and, in the end, relax the limits of acceptability to allow for a strong realization effect in predicted flood frequencies. We use a procedure of scoring deviations relative to the limits of acceptability to identify the minimum extension of the limits across all criteria to obtain a sample of 4192 parameter sets that were accepted as potentially useful in prediction. Results show that individual model realizations, with the same parameter values, of similar length to the observations can vary significantly in acceptability. Long-term simulations of 10,000 years for retained models were used to obtain uncertain estimates of the 1000 year peak and associated flood hydrographs required for the assessment of dam safety at the catchment outlet.},
  issn = {0043-1397}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_schumanng_2010,
  title = {Near real-time flood wave approximation on large rivers from space: Application to the River Po, Italy},
  author = {SCHUMANN, G and DI BALDASSARRE, G and ALSDORF, D and BATES, PD},
  year = {2010},
  journal = {Water Resources Research},
  number = {46},
  pages = {46},
  doi = {10.1029/2008WR007672},
  language = {eng}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_grenanneli_2010,
  title = {Modeling stream dissolved organic carbon concentrations during spring flood in the boreal forest: A simple empirical approach for regional predictions},
  author = {Ågren, Anneli and Buffam, Ishi and Bishop, Kevin and Laudon, Hjalmar},
  year = {2010},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  number = {115},
  doi = {10.1029/2009JG001013},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {dissolved organic carbon; model; spring flood; base flow; landscape characteristics; sweden},
  abstract = {Changes in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration are clearly seen for streams in which chemistry is measured on a high-frequency/episode basis, but these high-frequency data are not available in long-term monitoring programs. Here we develop statistical models to predict DOC concentrations during spring flood from easily available geographic information system data and base flow chemistry. Two response variables were studied, the extreme DOC concentration and the concentration during peak flood. Ninety-seven streams in boreal Scandinavia in two different ecoregions with substantially different mean water chemistry and landscape characteristics (covering a large climatic gradient) were used to construct models where 56% of the extreme DOC concentration and 63% of the concentration during peak flood were explained by altitude. This highlights important regional drivers (gradients in altitude, runoff, precipitation, temperature) of material flux. Spring flood extreme DOC concentration could be predicted from only base flow chemistry (r(2) = 0.71) or from landscape data (r(2) = 0 .74) but combining them increased the proportion of explained variance to 87%. The "best" model included base flow DOC (positive), mean annual runoff (negative), and wetland coverage (positive). The root mean square error was 1.18 mg L-1 for both response variables. The different ecoregions were successfully combined into the same regression models, yielding a single approach that works across much of boreal Scandinavia.},
  issn = {0148-0227}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dibaldassarregiuliano_2010_1,
  title = {Flood fatalities in Africa: From diagnosis to mitigation},
  author = {Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Montanari, A. and Lins, H. and Koutsoyiannis, D. and Brandimarte, Luigia and Blschl, G.},
  year = {2010},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  volume = {22},
  number = {37},
  pages = {22},
  doi = {10.1029/2010GL045467},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: American Geophysical Union (AGU)},
  abstract = {Flood-related fatalities in Africa, as well as associated economic losses, have increased dramatically over the past half-century. There is a growing global concern about the need to identify the causes for such increased flood damages. To this end, we analyze a large, consistent and reliable dataset of floods in Africa. Identification of causes is not easy given the diverse economic settings, demographic distribution and hydro-climatic conditions of the African continent. On the other hand, many African river basins have a relatively low level of human disturbance and, therefore, provide a unique opportunity to analyze climatic effects on floods. We find that intensive and unplanned human settlements in flood-prone areas appears to be playing a major role in increasing flood risk. Timely and economically sustainable actions, such as the discouragement of human settlements in flood-prone areas and the introduction of early warning systems are, therefore, urgently needed.},
  issn = {0094-8276}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_lyonstevew_2012,
  title = {Specific discharge variability in a boreal landscape},
  author = {Lyon, Steve W. and Nathanson, Marcus and Spans, Andre and Grabs, Thomas and Laudon, Hjalmar and Temnerud, Johan and Bishop, Kevin H. and Seibert, Jan},
  year = {2012},
  journal = {Water resources research},
  number = {48},
  doi = {10.1029/2011WR011073},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {krycklan catchment study; boreal forest; dissolved organic carbon (doc) export; hydrology; specific discharge; wetlands},
  abstract = {Specific discharge variations within a mesoscale catchment were studied on the basis of three synoptic sampling campaigns. These were conducted during stable flow conditions within the Krycklan catchment study area in northern Sweden. During each campaign, about 80 individual locations were measured for discharge draining from catchment areas ranging between 0.12 and 67 km(2). These discharge samplings allowed for the comparison between years within a given season (September 2005 versus September 2008) and between seasons within a given year (May 2008 versus September 2008) of specific discharge across this boreal landscape. There was considerable variability in specific discharge across this landscape. The ratio of the interquartile range (IQR) defined as the difference between the 75th and 25th percentiles of the specific discharges to the median of the specific discharges ranged from 37% to 43%. Factor analysis was used to explore potential relations between landscape characteristics and the specific discharge observed for 55 of the individual locations that were measured in all three synoptic sampling campaigns. Percentage wet area (i.e., wetlands, mires, and lakes) and elevation were found to be directly related to the specific discharge during the drier September 2008 sampling while potential annual evaporation was found to be inversely related. There was less of a relationship determined during the wetter post spring flood May 2008 sampling and the late summer rewetted September 2005 sampling. These results indicate the ability of forests to "dry out" parts of the catchment over the summer months while wetlands "keep wet" other parts. To demonstrate the biogeochemical implications of such spatiotemporal variations in specific discharge, we estimate dissolved organic carbon (DOC) exports with available data for the May 2008 and September 2008 samplings using both the spatially variable observed specific discharges and the spatially constant catchment average values. The average absolute difference in DOC export for the various subcatchments between using a variable and using a constant specific discharge was 28% for the May 2008 sampling and 20% for the September 2008 sampling.},
  issn = {0043-1397}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_vivirolid_2012,
  title = {On the risk of obtaining misleading results by pooling streamflow data for trend analyses},
  author = {Viviroli, D. and Schaedler, B. and Schmocker-Fackel, P. and Weiler, M. and Seibert, Jan},
  year = {2012},
  journal = {Water resources research},
  number = {48},
  doi = {10.1029/2011WR011690},
  language = {eng},
  abstract = {Floods have broad impacts on nature, society, and the economy. The frequency and intensity of flood events are generally believed to increase with the anticipated changes in temperature and precipitation. Trend analyses are important tools to quantify these changes, but often, they provide inconclusive results, partly because of the limited data availability. One way to overcome this limitation is to pool data from different gauging stations. However, pooling data from different stations may lead to misleading results. For example, using pooled flood data Allamano et al. (2009a) found a considerable increase of flooding risks for Switzerland. Here we demonstrate that the previous finding of increased flooding risks was an artifact of the pooling of stations and the fact that the longer time series came from larger catchments, which tend to have lower values for specific peak flows than smaller catchments. Our results demonstrate the risk of obtaining incorrect statistical conclusions when statistical analyses and data selection are not considered with due care.},
  issn = {0043-1397}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mazzolenimaurizio_2019_1,
  title = {Integrating Qualitative Flow Observations in a Lumped Hydrologic Routing Model},
  author = {Mazzoleni, Maurizio and Amaranto, A. and Solomatine, D. P.},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Water resources research},
  volume = {7},
  number = {55},
  pages = {6088--6108},
  doi = {10.1029/2018WR023768},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION},
  abstract = {This study aims at proposing novel approaches for integrating qualitative flow observations in a lumped hydrologic routing model and assessing their usefulness for improving flood estimation. Routing is based on a three-parameter Muskingum model used to propagate streamflow in five different rivers in the United States. Qualitative flow observations, synthetically generated from observed flow, are converted into fuzzy observations using flow characteristic for defining fuzzy classes. A model states updating method and a model output correction technique are implemented. An innovative application of Interacting Multiple Models, which use was previously demonstrated on tracking in ballistic missile applications, is proposed as state updating method, together with the traditional Kalman filter. The output corrector approach is based on the fuzzy error corrector, which was previously used for robots navigation. This study demonstrates the usefulness of integrating qualitative flow observations for improving flood estimation. In particular, state updating methods outperform the output correction approach in terms of average improvement of model performances, while the latter is found to be less sensitive to biased observations and to the definition of fuzzy sets used to represent qualitative observations.},
  issn = {0043-1397}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_balkethorsten_2019,
  title = {Increasing Synchrony of Annual River‐Flood Peaks and Growing Season in Europe},
  author = {Balke, Thorsten and Nilsson, Christer},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  volume = {17},
  number = {46},
  pages = {10446--10453},
  doi = {10.1029/2019GL084612},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: American Geophysical Union (AGU)},
  keywords = {biogeomorphology; flood; phenology; climate change; river; riparian},
  abstract = {In a changing climate, time sensitive ecological interactions such as pollination and predation are vulnerable to temporal mismatch with direct consequences for ecosystem functioning. It is not known if synchrony and asynchrony of ecological and physical processes such as flood disturbance and plant phenology may similarly be affected by climate change. Here, by spatially merging temperature and flood peak data, we show for the first time that in Central and Eastern Europe, annual river flood peaks increasingly occur within the thermal growing season. This is due to the combined effect of earlier spring onsets and later flood peaks. Such increased physical‐phenological synchrony may especially impact river biogeomorphology and riparian floodplain ecosystem functioning through uprooting of seedlings and increased hydraulic roughness during major flood events.},
  issn = {0094-8276}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_maoluca_2020,
  title = {Controls over particle motion and resting times of coarse bed load transport in a glacier‐fed mountain stream},
  author = {Mao, Luca and Toro, Matteo and Carrillo, Ricardo and Brardinoni, Francesco and Fraccarollo, Luigi},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research - Earth Surface},
  volume = {4},
  number = {125},
  pages = {4},
  doi = {10.1029/2019jf005253},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: American Geophysical Union (AGU)},
  abstract = {Coarse bed load transport is a crucial process in river morphodynamics but is difficult to monitor in mountain streams. Here we present a new sediment transport data set obtained from 2 years of field-based monitoring (2014–2015) at the Estero Morales, a high-gradient stream in the central Chilean Andes. This stream features step-pool bed geometry and a glacier-fed hydrologic regime characterized by abrupt daily fluctuations in discharge. Bed load was monitored directly using Bunte samplers and by surveying the mobility of passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags. We used the competence method to quantify the effective slope, which is the fraction of the topographical slope responsible for bed load transport. This accounts for only 10% of the topographical slope, confirming that most of the energy is dissipated on macroroughness elements. We used the displacement lengths of PIT tags to analyze displacement lengths and virtual velocity of a wide range of tracer sizes (38–415 mm). Bed load transport in the Estero Morales shown to be size-selective, and the distance between steps influences the displacement lengths of PIT tags. Displacement lengths were also used to derive the statistics of flight distances and resting times. Our results show that the average length of flight scales inversely to grain size. This contradicts Einstein's conjecture about the linear relationship between grain size and intervals between resting periods in a steep step-pool stream in ordinary flood conditions.},
  issn = {2169-9003}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_polvilinae_2020,
  title = {Seismic Monitoring of a Subarctic River: Seasonal Variations in Hydraulics, Sediment Transport, and Ice Dynamics},
  author = {Polvi, Lina E. and Dietze, M. and Lotsari, E. and Turowski, J. M. and Lind, Lovisa},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research - Earth Surface},
  volume = {7},
  number = {125},
  pages = {7},
  doi = {10.1029/2019JF005333},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: American Geophysical Union (AGU)},
  keywords = {river ice; environmental seismology; sweden; sediment transport; sediment flux; ice break‐up; biology},
  abstract = {High-latitude rivers are commonly covered by ice for up to one third of the year. Our understanding of the effects of ice on channel morphodynamics and bedload transport is hindered by the difficulties of sensing through the ice and dangers of field work on thin ice or during ice break-up. To avoid this drawback, we used seismic signals to interpret processes and quantify water and sediment fluxes. Our objective was to determine seasonal differences in hydraulics and bedload sediment transport under ice-covered versus open-channel flow conditions using a small seismic network and to provide a first-order estimation of sediment flux in a Fennoscandian river. Our study reach was on a straight, low-gradient section of the Savar River in northern Sweden. Interpretations of seismic signals, from a station 40 m away from the river, and inverted physical models of river stage and bedload flux indicate clear seasonal differences between ice-covered and open-channel flow conditions. Diurnal cycles in seismic signals reflecting turbulence and sediment transport are evident directly after ice break-up. Analysis of seismic signals of ice-cracking support our visual interpretation of ice break-up timing and the main ice break-up mechanism as thermal rather than mechanical. Assuming the bulk of sediment moves during ice break-up and the snowmelt flood, we calculate a minimum annual sediment flux of 56.2 +/- 0.7 t/km(2), which drastically reduces the uncertainty from previous estimates (0-50 t/km(2)) that exclude ice-covered or ice break-up periods.},
  issn = {2169-9003}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_doriam_2019,
  title = {Probabilistic Assessment of Flood Hazard due to Levee Breaches Using Fragility Functions},
  author = {D'Oria, M. and Maranzoni, A. and Mazzoleni, Maurizio},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Water resources research},
  volume = {11},
  number = {55},
  pages = {8740--8764},
  doi = {10.1029/2019WR025369},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {flood hazard assessment; probabilistic method; levee breaches; fragility functions; piping; case study},
  abstract = {Flood hazard maps are useful tools for land planning and flood risk management in order to increase the safety of flood-prone areas that can be inundated in the event of levee failure. However, flood hazard assessment is affected by various uncertainties, both aleatory and epistemic. The flood hazard analysis should hence take into account the main sources of uncertainty and quantify the confidence of the results for a given design flood event. To this end, this paper presents a probabilistic method for flood hazard mapping, which considers uncertainty due to breach location and failure time. A reliability analysis of the discretized levee system, performed using the concept of fragility function, enables the preselection of a set of levee sections more susceptible to failure. The probabilities of the breach scenarios (characterized by different breach locations and times) are then calculated using the probability multiplication rule, neglecting multiple breaches. The method is applied to a 96-km levee-protected reach in the central portion of the Po River (Northern Italy) and to an adjacent 1,900-km(2) flood-prone area on the right-hand side of the river, with a focus on the piping breach mechanism. The numerical simulations are performed through a combined 1D-2D hydrodynamic model using widespread free software. The results show that the method is effective for probabilistic inundation and flood hazard mapping. In addition, it has the advantage of requiring a smaller computational effort in comparison with the methods based on a classic Monte Carlo procedure.},
  issn = {0043-1397}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ruscamaria_2021,
  title = {Scenarios of Human Responses to Unprecedented Social-Environmental Extreme Events},
  author = {Rusca, Maria and Messori, Gabriele and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Earth's Future},
  volume = {4},
  number = {9},
  pages = {4},
  doi = {10.1029/2020EF001911},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: American Geophysical Union (AGU)},
  keywords = {disasters; intersectionality; recovery trajectories; social&#8208; environmental extremes; vulnerability},
  abstract = {In a rapidly changing world, what is today an unprecedented extreme may soon become the norm. As a result, extreme-related disasters are expected to become more frequent and intense. This will have widespread socio-economic consequences and affect the ability of different societal groups to recover from and adapt to rapidly changing environmental conditions. Therefore, there is the need to decipher the relation between genesis of unprecedented events, accumulation and distribution of risk, and recovery trajectories across different societal groups. Here, we develop an analytical approach to unravel the complexity of future extremes and multiscalar societal responses-from households to national governments and from immediate impacts to longer term recovery. This requires creating new forms of knowledge that integrate analyses of the past-that is, structural causes and political processes of risk accumulation and differentiated recovery trajectories-with plausible scenarios of future environmental extremes grounded in the event-specific literature. We specifically seek to combine the physical characteristics of the extremes with examinations of how culture, politics, power, and policy visions shape societal responses to unprecedented events, and interpret the events as social-environmental extremes. This new approach, at the nexus between social and natural sciences, has the concrete advantage of providing an impact-focused vision of future social-environmental risks, beyond what is achievable within conventional disciplinary boundaries. In this paper, we focus on extreme flooding events and the societal responses they elicit. However, our approach is flexible and applicable to a wide range of extreme events. We see it as the first building block of a new field of research, allowing for novel and integrated theoretical explanations and forecasting of social-environmental extremes.},
  issn = {2328-4277}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_scussolinipaolo_2020,
  title = {Global River Discharge and Floods in the Warmer Climate of the Last Interglacial},
  author = {Scussolini, Paolo and Eilander, Dirk and Sutanudjaja, Edwin H. and Ikeuchi, Hiroaki and Hoch, Jannis M. and Ward, Philip J. and Bakker, Pepijn and Otto-Bliesner, Bette L. and Guo, Chuncheng and Stepanek, Christian and Zhang, Qiong and Braconnot, Pascale and Guarino, Maria-Vittoria and Muis, Sanne and Yamazaki, Dai and Veldkamp, Ted I. E. and Aerts, Jeroen C. J. H.},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  volume = {18},
  number = {47},
  pages = {18},
  doi = {10.1029/2020GL089375},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {hydrology; floods; last interglacial; paleoclimate; river discharge; global models},
  abstract = {We investigate hydrology during a past climate slightly warmer than the present: the last interglacial (LIG). With daily output of preindustrial and LIG simulations from eight new climate models we force hydrological model PCR-GLOBWB and in turn hydrodynamic model CaMa-Flood. Compared to preindustrial, annual mean LIG runoff, discharge, and 100-yr flood volume are considerably larger in the Northern Hemisphere, by 14%, 25%, and 82%, respectively. Anomalies are negative in the Southern Hemisphere. In some boreal regions, LIG runoff and discharge are lower despite higher precipitation, due to the higher temperatures and evaporation. LIG discharge is much higher for the Niger, Congo, Nile, Ganges, Irrawaddy, and Pearl and lower for the Mississippi, Saint Lawrence, Amazon, Parana, Orange, Zambesi, Danube, and Ob. Discharge is seasonally postponed in tropical rivers affected by monsoon changes. Results agree with published proxies on the sign of discharge anomaly in 15 of 23 sites where comparison is possible.},
  issn = {0094-8276}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_treatclairec_2021,
  title = {Predicted Vulnerability of Carbon in Permafrost Peatlands With Future Climate Change and Permafrost Thaw in Western Canada},
  author = {Treat, Claire C. and Jones, Miriam C. and Alder, Jay and Sannel, A. Britta K. and Camill, Philip and Frolking, Steve},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences},
  volume = {5},
  number = {126},
  pages = {5},
  doi = {10.1029/2020JG005872},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {bog; carbon; holocene; modeling; peatland; permafrost},
  abstract = {Climate warming in high-latitude regions is thawing carbon-rich permafrost soils, which can release carbon to the atmosphere and enhance climate warming. Using a coupled model of long-term peatland dynamics (Holocene Peat Model, HPM-Arctic), we quantify the potential loss of carbon with future climate warming for six sites with differing climates and permafrost histories in Northwestern Canada. We compared the net carbon balance at 2100 CE resulting from new productivity and the decomposition of active layer and newly thawed permafrost peats under RCP8.5 as a high-end constraint. Modeled net carbon losses ranged from -3.0 kg C m(-2) (net loss) to +0.1 kg C m(-2) (net gain) between 2015 and 2100. Losses of newly thawed permafrost peat comprised 0.2%-25% (median: 1.6%) of old C loss, which were related to the residence time of peat in the active layer before being incorporated into the permafrost, peat temperature, and presence of permafrost. The largest C loss was from the permafrost-free site, not from permafrost sites. C losses were greatest from depths of 0.2-1.0 m. New C added to the profile through net primary productivity between 2015 and 2100 offset similar to 40% to >100% of old C losses across the sites. Differences between modeled active layer deepening and flooding following permafrost thaw resulted in very small differences in net C loss by 2100, illustrating the important role of present-day conditions and permafrost aggradation history in controlling net C loss.},
  issn = {2169-8953}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_paranabajosreinaldo_2021,
  title = {Hotspots of diffusive CO2 and CH4 emission from tropical reservoirs shift through time},
  author = {Paranaíba, José Reinaldo and Barros, Nathan and Almeida, Rafael M. and Mendonça, Raquel and Linkhorst, Annika and do Vale, Roseilson and Roland, Fábio and Sobek, Sebastian},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences},
  volume = {4},
  number = {126},
  pages = {4},
  doi = {10.1029/2020JG006014},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: American Geophysical Union (AGU)},
  abstract = {The patterns of spatial and temporal variability in CO2 and CH4 emission from reservoirs are still poorly studied, especially in tropical regions where hydropower is growing. We performed spatially resolved measurements of dissolved CO2 and CH4 surface water concentrations and their gas-exchange coefficients (k) to compute diffusive carbon flux from four contrasting tropical reservoirs across Brazil during different hydrological seasons. We used an online equilibration system to measure dissolved CO2 and CH4 concentrations; we estimated k from floating chamber deployments in conjunction with discrete CO2 and CH4 water concentration measurements. Diffusive CO2 emissions were higher during dry season than during rainy season, whereas there were no consistent seasonal patterns for diffusive CH4 emissions. Our results reveal that the magnitude and the spatial within-reservoir patterns of diffusive CO2 and CH4 flux varied strongly among hydrological seasons. River inflow areas were often characterized by high seasonality in diffusive flux. Areas close to the dam generally showed low seasonal variability in diffusive CH4 flux but high variability in CO2 flux. Overall, we found that reservoir areas exhibiting highest emission rates (‘hotspots’) shifted substantially across hydrological seasons. Estimates of total diffusive carbon emission from the reservoir surfaces differed between hydrological seasons by a factor up to 7 in Chapéu D’Úvas, up to 13 in Curuá-Una, up to 4 in Furnas, and up to 1.8 in Funil, indicating that spatially-resolved measurements of CO2 and CH4 concentrations and k need to be performed at different hydrological seasons in order to constrain annual diffusive carbon emission.},
  issn = {2169-8953}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mazzolenimaurizio_2021,
  title = {Floodplains in the Anthropocene: A Global Analysis of the Interplay Between Human Population, Built Environment, and Flood Severity},
  author = {Mazzoleni, Maurizio and Mård, Johanna and Rusca, Maria and Odongo, Vincent and Lindersson, Sara and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Water resources research},
  volume = {2},
  number = {57},
  pages = {2},
  doi = {10.1029/2020WR027744},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: American Geophysical Union (AGU)},
  keywords = {built&#8208; up areas in floodplains; economic flood losses; flood fatalities; global data set; population in floodplains},
  abstract = {This study presents a global explanatory analysis of the interplay between the severity of flood losses and human presence in floodplain areas. In particular, we relate economic losses and fatalities caused by floods during 1990-2000, with changes in human population and built-up areas in floodplains during 2000-2015 by exploiting global archives. We found that population and built-up areas in floodplains increased in the period 2000-2015 for the majority of the analyzed countries, albeit frequent flood losses in the previous period 1990-2000. In some countries, however, population in floodplains decreased in the period 2000-2015, following more severe floods losses that occurred in the period 1975-2000. Our analysis shows that (i) in low-income countries, population in floodplains increased after a period of high flood fatalities; while (ii) in upper-middle and high-income countries, built-up areas increased after a period of frequent economic losses. In this study, we also provide a general framework to advance knowledge of human-flood interactions and support the development of sustainable policies and measures for flood risk management and disaster risk reduction.},
  issn = {0043-1397}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dibaldassarregiuliano_2021,
  title = {Integrating Multiple Research Methods to Unravel the Complexity of Human-Water Systems},
  author = {Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Cloke, Hannah and Lindersson, Sara and Mazzoleni, Maurizio and Mondino, Elena and Mård, Johanna and Odongo, Vincent and Raffetti, Elena and Ridolfi, Elena and Rusca, Maria and Savelli, Elisa and Tootoonchi, Faranak},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {AGU Advances},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {3},
  doi = {10.1029/2021AV000473},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: American Geophysical Union (AGU)},
  abstract = {Predicting floods and droughts is essential to inform the development of policy in water management, climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction. Yet, hydrological predictions are highly uncertain, while the frequency, severity and spatial distribution of extreme events are further complicated by the increasing impact of human activities on the water cycle. In this commentary, we argue that four main aspects characterizing the complexity of human-water systems should be explicitly addressed: feedbacks, scales, tradeoffs and inequalities. We propose the integration of multiple research methods as a way to cope with complexity and develop policy-relevant science.Plain Language SummarySeveral governments today claim to be following the science in addressing crises caused by the occurrence of extreme events, such as floods and droughts, or the emergence of global threats, such as climate change and COVID-19. In this commentary, we show that there are no universal answers to apparently simple questions such as: Do levees reduce flood risk? Do reservoirs alleviate droughts? We argue that the best science we have consists of a plurality of legitimate interpretations and a range of foresights, which can be enriched by integrating multiple disciplines and research methods.},
  issn = {2576-604X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_baggesennannas_2022,
  title = {Bidirectional Exchange of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds in Subarctic Heath Mesocosms During Autumn Climate Scenarios},
  author = {Baggesen, Nanna S. and Davie-Martin, Cleo L. and Seco, Roger and Holst, Thomas and Rinnan, Riikka},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences},
  volume = {6},
  number = {127},
  pages = {6},
  doi = {10.1029/2021JG006688},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: John Wiley & Sons Inc.},
  abstract = {Biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) flux dynamics during the subarctic autumn are largely unexplored and have been considered insignificant due to the relatively low biological activity expected during autumn. Here, we exposed subarctic heath ecosystems to predicted future autumn climate scenarios (ambient, warming, and colder, dark conditions), changes in light availability, and flooding, to mimic the more extreme rainfall or snowmelt events expected in the future. We used climate chambers to measure the net ecosystem fluxes and bidirectional exchange of BVOCs from intact heath mesocosms using a dynamic enclosure technique coupled to a proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR–ToF–MS). We focused on six BVOCs (methanol, acetic acid, acetaldehyde, acetone, isoprene, and monoterpenes) that were among the most dominant and that were previously identified in arctic tundra ecosystems. Warming increased ecosystem respiration and resulted in either net BVOC release or increased uptake compared to the ambient scenario. None of the targeted BVOCs showed net release in the cold and dark scenario. Acetic acid exhibited significantly lower net uptake in the cold and dark scenario than in the ambient scenario, which suggests reduced microbial activity. Flooding was characterized by net uptake of the targeted BVOCs and overruled any temperature effects conferred by the climate scenarios. Monoterpenes were mainly taken up by the mesocosms and their fluxes were not affected by the climate scenarios or flooding. This study shows that although autumn BVOC fluxes on a subarctic heath are generally low, changes in future climate may strongly modify them.},
  issn = {2169-8953}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_suf_2022,
  title = {Contrasting Fate of Western Third Pole's Water Resources Under 21st Century Climate Change},
  author = {Su, F. and Pritchard, H. D. and Yao, T. and Huang, J. and Ou, Tinghai and Meng, F. and Sun, H. and Li, Y. and Chen, Deliang},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Earth's Future},
  volume = {9},
  number = {10},
  pages = {9},
  doi = {10.1029/2022EF002776},
  language = {eng},
  abstract = {Seasonal melting of glaciers and snow from the western Third Pole (TP) plays important role in sustaining water supplies downstream. However, the future water availability of the region, and even today's runoff regime, are both hotly debated and inadequately quantified. Here, we characterize the contemporary flow regimes and systematically assess the future evolution of total water availability, seasonal shifts, and dry and wet discharge extremes in four most meltwater-dominated basins in the western TP, by using a process-based, well-established glacier-hydrology model, well-constrained historical reference climate data, and the ensemble of 22 global climate models with an advanced statistical downscaling and bias correction technique. We show that these basins face sharply diverging water futures under 21st century climate change. In RCP scenarios 4.5 and 8.5, increased precipitation and glacier runoff in the Upper Indus and Yarkant basins more than compensate for decreased winter snow accumulation, boosting annual and summer water availability through the end of the century. In contrast, the Amu and Syr Darya basins will become more reliant on rainfall runoff as glacier ice and seasonal snow decline. Syr Darya summer river-flows, already low, will fall by 16%–30% by end-of-century, and striking increases in peak flood discharge (by >60%), drought duration (by >1 month) and drought intensity (by factor 4.6) will compound the considerable water-sharing challenges on this major transboundary river.},
  issn = {2328-4277}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ceolas_2023,
  title = {Drought and Human Mobility in Africa},
  author = {Ceola, S. and Mård, Johanna and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Earth's Future},
  volume = {12},
  number = {11},
  pages = {12},
  doi = {10.1029/2023EF003510},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: American Geophysical Union (AGU)},
  keywords = {climate change adaptation; extreme events; human mobility; urbanization},
  abstract = {Human mobility from droughts is multifaceted and depends on environmental, political, social, demographic and economic factors. Although droughts cannot be considered as the single trigger, they significantly influence people's decision to move. Yet, the ways in which droughts influence patterns of human settlements have remained poorly understood. Here we explore the relationships between drought occurrences and changes in the spatial distribution of human settlements across 50 African countries for the period 1992-2013. For each country, we extract annual drought occurrences from two indicators, the international disaster database EM-DAT and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI-12) records, and we evaluate human settlement patterns by considering urban population data and human distance to rivers, as derived from nighttime lights. We then compute human displacements as variations in human distribution between adjacent years, which are then associated with drought (or non-drought) years. Our results show that drought occurrences across Africa are often associated with (other things being equal) human mobility toward rivers or cities. In particular, we found that human settlements tend to get closer to water bodies or urban areas during drought conditions, as compared to non-drought periods, in 70%-81% of African countries. We interpret this tendency as a physical manifestation of drought adaptation, and discuss how this may result into increasing flood risk or overcrowding urban areas. As such, our results shed light on the interplay between human mobility and climate change, bolstering the analysis on the spatiotemporal dynamics of drought risks in a warming world. Prolonged water shortages induced by droughts can have severe consequences on both the environment and society. For instance, the mobility of people can be influenced by drought events. In order to test this assumption, we relate the movement of people to drought occurrences, without considering any additional factor. We focus on Africa, since it is one of the most drought-prone continents and the movement of people is more prominent compared to other areas. We find that people tend to move closer to rivers and to urban centers during droughts, as compared to non-drought periods. This pattern is found for the majority of African countries, which suggests a large-scale signal. The increased movement of people toward rivers during droughts might generate larger human losses if flood events take place in the future. A new methodology integrating satellite data is developed for evaluating drought-induced human displacements in AfricaWe found that 70%-81% of African countries exhibit larger displacements during droughts, as compared to non-drought periodsHuman displacement toward rivers and urban centers is triggered, other things being equal, by drought occurrences},
  issn = {2328-4277}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_panahimahdi_2023,
  title = {A Country Wide Evaluation of Sweden's Spatial Flood Modeling With Optimized Convolutional Neural Network Algorithms},
  author = {Panahi, Mahdi and Khosravi, Khabat and Rezaie, Fatemeh and Ferreira, Carla S. S. and Destouni, Georgia and Kalantari, Zahra},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Earth's Future},
  volume = {11},
  number = {11},
  pages = {11},
  doi = {10.1029/2023EF003749},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: American Geophysical Union (AGU)},
  keywords = {convolutional neural network; gray wolf optimizer; imperialist competitive algorithm; large-scale flood prediction; nation-wide flood susceptibility mapping; sweden},
  abstract = {Flooding is one of the most serious and frequent natural hazards affecting human life, property, and the environment. This study develops and tests a deep learning approach for large-scale spatial flood modeling, using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and optimized versions combined with the Gray Wolf Optimizer (GWO) or the Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA). With Sweden as an application case for nation-wide flood susceptibility mapping, this modeling approach considers ten geo-environmental input factors (slope, elevation, aspect, plan curvature, length of slope, topographic wetness index, distance from river, distance from wetland, rainfall, and land use). The GWO and ICA optimization improves model prediction by 12% and 8%, respectively, compared with the standalone CNN model performance. The results show 40% of the land area, 45% of the railroad, and 43% of the road network of Sweden to have high or very high flood susceptibility. They also show the aspect to have the highest input factor impact on flood susceptibility prediction while, for example, rainfall ranks only seven of the total 10 considered geo-environmental input factors. In general, accurate nation-wide flood susceptibility prediction is essential for guiding flood management and mitigation efforts. This study's approach to such prediction has emerged as well-performing and cost-effective for the case of Sweden, calling for further application and testing in other world regions.},
  issn = {2328-4277}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_deeganfrances_2023,
  title = {Age and Geochemistry of High Arctic Large Igneous Province Tholeiitic Magmatism in NW Axel Heiberg Island, Canada},
  author = {Deegan, Frances and Pease, Victoria and Silva Garcia Nobre, Ines and Bedard, J. H. and Morris, G.},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems},
  volume = {11},
  number = {24},
  pages = {11},
  doi = {10.1029/2023GC011083},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: American Geophysical Union (AGU)},
  keywords = {halip; large igneous province; isotopes; mantle; crustal assimilation},
  abstract = {The Cretaceous High Arctic Large Igneous Province (HALIP) in Canada involved extrusion of continental flood basalts (CFBs) at 130-120 Ma and 100-95 Ma and emplacement of an extensive sill and dike network that intersected the Carboniferous to Paleogene Sverdrup Basin. In this paper, we present new Ar-40/Ar-39 ages, major and trace elements, and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope ratios for HALIP lava, dikes, and sills from Bukken Fiord, NW Axel Heiberg Island, Canadian Arctic Islands. Our best constrained Ar-40/(39) ages yield a weighted average of 124.1 +/- 1 (2 sigma) Ma, coincident with the first pulse of tholeiitic CFB magmatism in the Arctic-wide HALIP as exemplified by Isachsen Formation flood basalts on Axel Heiberg Island. The Bukken Fiord samples are plagioclase and clinopyroxene-phyric tholeiitic basalts, are relatively evolved (3.2-6.5 wt% MgO), and share similar major and trace element compositions to typical HALIP tholeiites. Initial Nd-143/Nd-144 ranges from 0.51260 to 0.51291 and initial Sr-87/Sr-86 ranges from 0.70362 to 0.70776, while measured Pb-206/Pb-204, Pb-207/Pb-204, and Pb-208/Pb-204 range from 18.614 to 19.199, 15.534 to 15.630, and 38.404 to 39.054, respectively. The most primitive sample in this study has Sr-Nd-Pb isotope signatures that suggest an enriched plume-derived mantle source for HALIP tholeiites. Most samples, however, possess relatively radiogenic isotope signatures that can be explained by moderate degrees of assimilation of Sverdrup Basin sedimentary rocks. Magma-crust interaction in the HALIP plumbing system was likely widespread and may have increased the environmental impact of the HALIP, particularly if crustal carbon was volatilized.},
  issn = {1525-2027}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kuglerovalenka_2023,
  title = {The Music of Rivers: The Mathematics of Waves Reveals Global Structure and Drivers of Streamflow Regime},
  author = {Kuglerova, Lenka},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Water Resources Research},
  number = {59},
  pages = {59},
  doi = {10.1029/2023WR034484},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {American Geophysical Union (AGU) / Wiley},
  abstract = {River flows change on timescales ranging from minutes to millennia. These vibrations in flow are tuned by diverse factors globally, for example, by dams suppressing multi-day variability or vegetation attenuating flood peaks in some ecosystems. The relative importance of the physical, biological, and human factors influencing flow is an active area of research, as is the related question of finding a common language for describing overall flow regime. Here, we addressed both topics using a daily river discharge data set for over 3,000 stations across the globe from 1988 to 2016. We first studied similarities between common flow regime quantification methods, including traditional flow metrics, wavelets, and Fourier analysis. Across all these methods, the flow data showed low-dimensional structure (i.e., simple and consistent patterns), suggesting that fundamental mechanisms are constraining flow regime. One such pattern was that day-to-day variability was negatively correlated with year-to-year variability. Additionally, the low-dimensional structure in river flow data correlated closely with only a small number of catchment characteristics, including catchment area, precipitation, and temperature-but notably not biome, dam surface area, or number of dams. We discuss these findings in a framework intended to be accessible to the many communities engaged in river research and management, while stressing the importance of letting structure in data guide both mechanistic inference and interdisciplinary discussion.},
  issn = {0043-1397}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_renzhihui_2024,
  title = {Temporal Scaling Characteristics of Sub-Daily Precipitation in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau},
  author = {Ren, Zhihui and Sang, Yan-Fang and Cui, Peng and Chen, Deliang and Zhang, Yichi and Gong, Tongliang and Sun, Shao and Mellouli, Nedra},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {EARTHS FUTURE},
  volume = {3},
  number = {12},
  pages = {3},
  doi = {10.1029/2024EF004417},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {sub-daily precipitation; databases; temporal scale; natural disasters; qinghai-tibet plateau; high mountain regions},
  abstract = {The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is highly susceptible to destructive rainstorm hazards and related natural disasters. However, the lack of sub-daily precipitation observations in this region has hindered our understanding of rainstorm-related hazards and their societal impacts. To address this data gap, a new approach is devised to estimate sub-daily precipitation in QTP using daily precipitation data and geographical information. The approach involves establishing a statistical relationship between daily and sub-daily precipitation based on data from 102 observation sites. This process results in a set of functions with six associated parameters. These parameters are then modeled using local geographical and climatic information through a machine learning algorithm called support vector regression. The results indicated that the temporal scaling characteristics of sub-daily precipitation can be accurately described using a logarithmic function. The uncertainty of the estimates is quantified using the coefficient of variance and coefficient of skewness, which are estimated using a logarithmic and linear curve, respectively. Additionally, the six parameters are found to be closely linked to geographical conditions, enabling the creation of a 1-km parameters data set. This data set can be utilized to quantitatively describe the probabilistic distribution and extract key information about maximum precipitation duration (from 1 to 12 hr). Overall, the findings suggest that the generated parameters data set holds significant potential for various applications, including risk analysis, forecasting, and early warning for rainstorm-related natural disasters in QTP. The innovative method developed in this study proves to be an effective approach for estimating sub-daily precipitation and assessing its uncertainty in ungauged regions. As one of famous hotspots for natural disaster studies on Earth, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is highly vulnerable to destructive rainstorm hazard and related natural disasters, causing significant damage to property, infrastructure, agriculture, and resulting in extensive loss of life. Short-duration heavy precipitation at sub-daily scales is an important trigger for flash flood, debris flows and other disasters in QTP. However, it is a poorly gauged high mountain region, observed data for sub-daily precipitation is extremely limited. Although there have been several satellite products and reanalysis data for sub-daily precipitation in QTP, their quality has large bias and uncertainty compared to observations. It leaves a large data gap of sub-daily precipitation, hindering the studies of rainstorm-related natural disasters in the region. In this work, we develop a new strategy to quantify the temporal scaling characteristics of sub-daily precipitation, as a basis of temporal downscaling. Then we use the new strategy to generate a parameters data set, to fill the data gap of sub-daily precipitation in QTP. The parameters data set generated provides an effective way to estimate sub-daily precipitation and its uncertainty, which can effectively serve for the rainstorm-related natural disasters study in QTP. A high-resolution gridded parameters data set is generated to estimate sub-daily precipitation and its uncertainty in QTP The temporal scaling characteristics of sub-daily precipitation in QTP is well described by a logarithmic function Spatial heterogeneity in the temporal scaling characteristics of sub-daily precipitation in QTP is closely related to geographical conditions},
  issn = {2328-4277}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kimjihyun_2025,
  title = {Deep Learning-Guided Urban Climate Risk Mitigation Through Optimal Spatial Allocation of Green and Cool Roofs},
  author = {Kim, Ji Hyun and Choi, Suyeon and Panahi, Mahdi and Seo, Hocheol and Kim, Yeonjoo and Kim, JiHyun},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Earth's Future},
  volume = {6},
  number = {13},
  pages = {6},
  doi = {10.1029/2024EF005749},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: American Geophysical Union (AGU)},
  keywords = {cool and green roofs; deep learning; mitigation strategy; surrogate modeling; urban climate risks},
  abstract = {With cities facing increasing challenges due to climate change, we developed a deep learning-based surrogate modeling framework to optimize urban roofing strategies for climate risk mitigation. Applied to Seoul, South Korea, the framework utilized the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with an Urban Canopy Model (WRF-UCM) to generate objective indices for heat stress, flash floods, and wind circulation projected to the end of this century under four roof schemes: business-as-usual, 25% and 100% cool roofs (CR25 and CR100), and 100% green roofs (GR100). These indices were used to test four deep learning algorithms: UNet, UNet++, UNet3+, and Multi-ResUNet. Multi-ResUNet demonstrated superior performance, thus it was employed to develop the surrogate model, which was applied to 262,144 multi-type roofing scenarios. Two optimal roofing scenarios were identified using the Pareto method, balancing the three climate objectives and economic costs: the first with CR100 covering 95.9% of urban areas, reducing heat stress by over 50% in 34.3% of regions and wind circulation by 10% in 27.7% of regions, and the second with CR100 covering 60.2% of urban areas, achieving a similar heat stress reduction in 21.6% of regions but a stronger reduction in wind circulation. Both scenarios had minimal impact on flash flood mitigation. This study highlights the importance of spatial configuration in maximizing the benefits of urban roofing strategies due to the heterogeneous effects across urban areas. Furthermore, the considerably lower computational time increases the practical utility of the proposed surrogate modeling framework for use in a diverse range of urban contexts, advancing global efforts to mitigate urban climate risks.},
  issn = {2328-4277}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_chenyufan_2025,
  title = {Human-Induced Climate Change Intensifies Extreme Precipitation Events in Central China's Urban Areas},
  author = {Chen, Yufan and Zhang, Shuyu and Wang, Hong and Chen, Deliang and Liu, Junguo},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS},
  volume = {1},
  number = {52},
  pages = {1},
  doi = {10.1029/2024GL111818},
  language = {eng},
  abstract = {Understanding the drivers behind extreme precipitation is crucial for predicting and mitigating the impacts of climate change globally, yet it remains little known how anthropogenic factors contribute to these phenomena. This study investigates the impact of human-induced climate change on circulation patterns conducive to extreme precipitation over the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration in China, a region frequently experiencing severe flooding and home to a dense population with significant economic and agricultural activities. Using advanced techniques such as deep learning and optimal fingerprinting, this study identifies and analyzes the physical mechanisms behind the extreme precipitation. The findings reveal that greenhouse gas emissions play a pivotal role in altering atmospheric circulation patterns, specifically promoting the westward extension of western North Pacific subtropical high and northwestward shift of South Asian High, along with tropical cyclones. These changes enhance moisture transport and convective activity, leading to more frequent and intense precipitation events.},
  issn = {0094-8276}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_zhouminqiang_2024,
  title = {Recent Decreases in the Growth Rate of Atmospheric HCFC-22 Column Derived From the Ground-Based FTIR Harmonized Retrievals at 16 NDACC Sites},
  author = {Zhou, Minqiang and Langerock, Bavo and Vigouroux, C. and Smale, Dan and Toon, G. and Polyakov, Alexander and Hannigan, J. W. and Mellqvist, Johan and Robinson, John and Notholt, J. and Strong, K. and Mahieu, E. and Palm, Mathias and Prignon, Maxime and Jones, N. and Garcia, O. and Morino, Isamu and Murata, Isao and Ortega, Ivan and Nagahama, Tomoo and Wizenberg, Tyler and Flood, Victoria A. and Walker, K.A. and De Maziere, M.},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Geophysical Research Letters},
  volume = {22},
  number = {51},
  pages = {22},
  doi = {10.1029/2024GL112470},
  language = {eng},
  abstract = {HCFC-22 is an ozone-depleting substance with a greenhouse effect. The atmospheric mole fractions of HCFC-22 have been increasing since the 1950s. Within the NDACC-IRWG network, HCFC-22 mol fractions can be retrieved from solar absorption spectra measured by ground-based FTIR. However, only a few sites have provided HCFC-22 data sets. Here, we demonstrate a harmonized FTIR HCFC-22 retrieval strategy and generate a new global NDACC-IRWG HCFC-22 data set at 16 FTIR sites. The systematic and random uncertainties are 5.3%–8.7% and 3.2%–8.0%, respectively. A maximum HCFC-22 column annual growth rate was observed in 2009 with a mean of 7.65 ± 1.39 ppt/year, and the HCFC-22 annual growth rate decreased to 3.57 ± 1.39 ppt/year (2016–2020) and 2.15 ± 2.09 ppt/year (2021–2023). The annual growth rates derived from the FTIR measurements are compared to the ones derived from NOAA surface flask samplings and ACE-FTS satellite measurements, and the three independent data sets show a good agreement.},
  issn = {1944-8007}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bjerknaugust_2024,
  title = {Assessing Surface Saturation and Transpiration Potential by Hypsometric Curves and the HAND Model},
  author = {Bjerkén, August and Cuartas, Adriana and Peeters, Luk and Persson, Kenneth M},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Water Resources Research},
  volume = {8},
  number = {60},
  pages = {8},
  doi = {10.1029/2024WR037082},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley-Blackwell},
  abstract = {Methods for soil water conditions assessment are often highly localized or data demanding. In this study we propose a new scalable approach to assess soil water conditions. The main goal is to test whether the approach can be used to provide information about local conditions, without the need of extensive data sets. The approach utilizes a combination of normalized topography derived from the HAND terrain model (Height Above the Nearest Drainage) and hypsometric curves to identify wet and saturated areas for any given geographical extent. The study was conducted through a case study in the Lagan River catchment in the southwest of Sweden. To analyze the performance of the approach, a non-linear regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between the fraction of wet area and the normalized terrain. This was followed by a correlation analysis, in which the correspondence of the derived output was validated against the national Soil Moisture Map provided by the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. The results show a strong, and statistically significant, negative exponential relationship between the fraction of wet area, and the maximum heights within the studied area. The approach also corresponds well with the spatial variations highlighted in the Soil Moisture Map, although better in predicted wetter areas than under dry conditions. Going forward, we believe the integration of hypsometric curves and the HAND model could not only improve water balance calculations but assist in the assessments of flood and drought-prone areas.},
  issn = {1944-7973}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_berggrenmartin_2009,
  title = {Efficient aquatic bacterial metabolism of dissolved low-molecular-weight compounds from terrestrial sources},
  author = {Berggren, Martin and Laudon, Hjalmar and Haei, Mahsa and Ström, Lena and Jansson, Mats},
  year = {2009},
  journal = {The ISME Journal},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {408--416},
  doi = {10.1038/ismej.2009.120},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {London : Nature Publishing Group},
  keywords = {freshwater; growth efficiency; heterotrophic bacteria; low-molecular-weight dom; freshwater ecology; limnisk ekologi},
  abstract = {Carboxylic acids (CAs), amino acids (AAs) and carbohydrates (CHs) in dissolved free forms can be readily assimilated by aquatic bacteria and metabolized at high growth efficiencies. Previous studies have shown that these low-molecular-weight (LMW) substrates are released by phytoplankton but also that unidentified LMW compounds of terrestrial origin is a subsidy for bacterial metabolism in unproductive freshwater systems. We tested the hypothesis that different terrestrially derived CA, AA and CH compounds can offer substantial support for aquatic bacterial metabolism in fresh waters that are dominated by allochthonous dissolved organic matter (DOM). Drainage water from three catchments of different characters in the Krycklan experimental area in Northern Sweden were studied at the rising and falling limb of the spring flood, using a 2-week bioassay approach. A variety of CA, AA and CH compounds were significantly assimilated by bacteria, meeting 15–100% of the bacterial carbon demand and explaining most of the observed variation in bacterial growth efficiency (BGE; R2=0.66). Of the 29 chemical species that was detected, acetate was the most important, representing 45% of the total bacterial consumption of all LMW compounds. We suggest that LMW organic compounds in boreal spring flood drainage could potentially support all in situ bacterial production in receiving lake waters during periods of weeks to months after the spring flood.},
  issn = {1751-7362}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_boydemily_2013,
  title = {Building resilience to face recurring environmental crisis in African Sahel},
  author = {Boyd, Emily and Cornforth, Rosalind J. and Lamb, Peter J. and Tarhule, Aondover and Lele, M. Issa and Brouder, Alan},
  year = {2013},
  journal = {Nature Climate Change},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {631--637},
  doi = {10.1038/NCLIMATE1856},
  language = {eng},
  abstract = {The present food shortages in the Horn of Africa and the West African Sahel are affecting 31 million people. Such continuing and future crises require that people in the region adapt to an increasing and potentially irreversible global sustainability challenge. Given this situation and that short-term weather and seasonal climate forecasting have limited skill for West Africa, the Rainwatch project illustrates the value of near real-time monitoring and improved communication for the unfavourable 2011 West African monsoon, the resulting severe drought-induced humanitarian impacts continuing into 2012, and their exacerbation by flooding in 2012. Rainwatch is now coupled with a boundary organization (Africa Climate Exchange, AfClix) with the aim of integrating the expertise and actions of relevant institutions, agencies and stakeholders to broker ground-based dialogue to promote resilience in the face of recurring crisis.},
  issn = {1758-678X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_vandeschootbruggeb_2009,
  title = {Floral changes across the Triassic/Jurassic boundary linked to flood basalt volcanism},
  author = {van de Schootbrugge, B. and Quan, T. M. and Lindström, Sofie and Puettmann, W. and Heunisch, C. and Pross, J. and Fiebig, J. and Petschick, R. and Roehling, H.-G. and Richoz, S. and Rosenthal, Y. and Falkowski, P. G.},
  year = {2009},
  journal = {Nature Geoscience},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {589--594},
  doi = {10.1038/NGEO577},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Nature Publishing Group},
  abstract = {One of the five largest mass extinctions of the past 600 million years occurred at the boundary of the Triassic and Jurassic periods, 201.6 million years ago. The loss of marine biodiversity at the time has been linked to extreme greenhouse warming, triggered by the release of carbon dioxide from flood basalt volcanism in the central Atlantic Ocean. In contrast, the biotic turnover in terrestrial ecosystems is not well understood, and cannot be readily reconciled with the effects of massive volcanism. Here we present pollen, spore and geochemical analyses across the Triassic/Jurassic boundary from three drill cores from Germany and Sweden. We show that gymnosperm forests in northwest Europe were transiently replaced by fern and fern-associated vegetation, a pioneer assemblage commonly found in disturbed ecosystems. The Triassic/Jurassic boundary is also marked by an enrichment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which, in the absence of charcoal peaks, we interpret as an indication of incomplete combustion of organic matter by ascending flood basalt lava. We conclude that the terrestrial vegetation shift is so severe and wide ranging that it is unlikely to have been triggered by greenhouse warming alone. Instead, we suggest that the release of pollutants such as sulphur dioxide and toxic compounds such as the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may have contributed to the extinction.},
  issn = {1752-0908}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_calafatfranciscom_2018,
  title = {Coherent modulation of the sea-level annual cycle in the United States by Atlantic Rossby waves},
  author = {Calafat, Francisco M. and Wahl, Thomas and Lindsten, Fredrik and Williams, Joanne and Frajka-Williams, Eleanor},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Nature Communications},
  number = {9},
  pages = {9},
  doi = {10.1038/s41467-018-04898-y},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Nature Publishing Group},
  abstract = {Changes in the sea-level annual cycle (SLAC) can have profound impacts on coastal areas, including increased flooding risk and ecosystem alteration, yet little is known about the magnitude and drivers of such changes. Here we show, using novel Bayesian methods, that there are significant decadal fluctuations in the amplitude of the SLAC along the United States Gulf and Southeast coasts, including an extreme event in 2008-2009 that is likely (probability = 68%) unprecedented in the tide-gauge record. Such fluctuations are coherent along the coast but decoupled from deep-ocean changes. Through the use of numerical and analytical ocean models, we show that the primary driver of these fluctuations involves incident Rossby waves that generate fast western-boundary waves. These Rossby waves project onto the basin-wide upper mid-ocean transport (top 1000 m) leading to a link with the SLAC, wherein larger SLAC amplitudes coincide with enhanced transport variability.},
  issn = {2041-1723}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_adsheaddaniel_2024,
  title = {Climate threats to coastal infrastructure and sustainable development outcomes},
  author = {Adshead, Daniel and Paszkowski, Amelie and Gall, Sarah S. and Peard, Alison M. and Adnan, Mohammed Sarfaraz Gani and Verschuur, Jasper and Hall, Jim W.},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Nature Climate Change},
  volume = {4},
  number = {14},
  pages = {344--352},
  doi = {10.1038/s41558-024-01950-2},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Nature},
  abstract = {Climate hazards pose increasing threats to development outcomes across the world’s coastal regions by impacting infrastructure service delivery. Using a high-resolution dataset of 8.2 million households in Bangladesh’s coastal zone, we assess the extent to which infrastructure service disruptions induced by flood, cyclone and erosion hazards can thwart progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Results show that climate hazards potentially threaten infrastructure service access to all households, with the poorest being disproportionately threatened in 69% of coastal subdistricts. Targeting adaptation to these climatic threats in one-third (33%) of the most vulnerable areas could help to safeguard 50–85% of achieved progress towards SDG 3, 4, 7, 8 and 13 indicators. These findings illustrate the potential of geospatial climate risk analyses, which incorporate direct household exposure and essential service access. Such high-resolution analyses are becoming feasible even in data-scarce parts of the world, helping decision-makers target and prioritize pro-poor development.},
  issn = {1758-678X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_frauendorfmagali_2024,
  title = {Sea-level rise causes shorebird population collapse before habitats drown},
  author = {Frauendorf, Magali},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Nature Climate Change},
  number = {14},
  pages = {839--844},
  doi = {10.1038/s41558-024-02051-w},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  abstract = {Sea-level rise will lead to widespread habitat loss if warming exceeds 2 degrees C, threatening coastal wildlife globally. Reductions in coastal habitat quality are also expected but their impact and timing are unclear. Here we combine four decades of field data with models of sea-level rise, coastal geomorphology, adaptive behaviour and population dynamics to show that habitat quality is already declining for shorebirds due to increased nest flooding. Consequently, shorebird population collapses are projected well before their habitat drowns in this UNESCO World Heritage Area. The existing focus on habitat loss thus severely underestimates biodiversity impacts of sea-level rise. Shorebirds will also suffer much sooner than previously thought, despite adapting by moving to higher grounds and even if global warming is kept below 2 degrees C. Such unavoidable and imminent biodiversity impacts imply that mitigation is now urgently needed to boost the resilience of marshes or provide flood-safe habitat elsewhere.The authors combine field data with models of coastal geomorphology and bird behaviour and dynamics to understand the impact of sea-level rise on shorebird populations. They show that habitat quality is already declining and that the current focus on habitat quantity loss can underestimate threats.},
  issn = {1758-678X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_wangyafei_2025,
  title = {Managing development choices is essential to reduce coastal flood risk in China},
  author = {Wang, Yafei and Ye, Yuxuan and Nicholls, Robert J. and Olsson, Lennart and P. van Vuuren, Detlef and Peterson, Garry and He, Yao and Li, Manchun and Fan, Jie and Scown, Murray},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Nature Climate Change},
  volume = {10},
  number = {15},
  pages = {1033--1034},
  doi = {10.1038/s41558-025-02418-7},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Nature Publishing Group},
  abstract = {Future exposure to coastal flooding in China is driven more by growing populations and economic activity rather than by rising seas and intensifying storm surges. Policymakers must anticipate these multiple risk drivers to better inform spatial planning and development strategies and to ensure effective, sustainable coastal adaptation.},
  issn = {1758-678X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_wangyafei_2025_1,
  title = {Development policy affects coastal flood exposure in China more than sea-level rise},
  author = {Wang, Yafei and Ye, Yuxuan and Nicholls, Robert J. and Olsson, Lennart and van Vuuren, Detlef P. and Peterson, Garry and He, Yao and Li, Manchun and Fan, Jie and Scown, Murray},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Nature Climate Change},
  volume = {10},
  number = {15},
  pages = {1071--1077},
  doi = {10.1038/s41558-025-02439-2},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Nature Publishing Group},
  abstract = {Effective coastal exposure assessments are crucial for adaptively managing threats from sea-level rise (SLR). Despite recent advances, global and regional assessments are constrained by omitting critical factors such as land-use change, failing to disaggregate potential impacts by land uses and oversimplifying land subsidence. Here we address these gaps by developing context-specific scenarios to 2100 based on a comprehensive analysis of Chinese coastal development policies. We integrate high-resolution simulations of population and land-system changes with inundation exposure assessments that incorporate SLR, land subsidence, tides and storm surges, offering a more nuanced understanding of coastal risks. Across our plausible set of downscaled scenarios of shared socioeconomic and representative concentration pathways, policy decisions have a bigger effect on what is exposed to coastal flooding until 2100 than does the magnitude of SLR. Hence, coastal policy decisions largely influence coastal risk and adaptation needs to 2100, demonstrating the necessity of appropriate policy design to manage coastal risks.},
  issn = {1758-678X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_blschlgnter_2020,
  title = {Current European flood-rich period exceptional compared with past 500 years},
  author = {Blöschl, Günter and Kiss, Andrea and Viglione, Alberto and Barriendos, Mariano and Böhm, Oliver and Brázdil, Rudolf and Coeur, Denis and Demarée, Gaston and Llasat, Maria Carmen and Macdonald, Neil and Retsö, Dag and Roald, Lars and Schmocker-Fackel, Petra and Amorim, Inês and Bělínová, Monika and Benito, Gerardo and Bertolin, Chiara and Camuffo, Dario and Cornel, Daniel and Doktor, Radosław and Elleder, Líbor and Enzi, Silvia and Garcia, João Carlos and Glaser, Rüdiger and Hall, Julia and Haslinger, Klaus and Hofstätter, Michael and Komma, Jürgen and Limanówka, Danuta and Lun, David and Panin, Andrei and Parajka, Juraj and Petrić, Hrvoje and Rodrigo, Fernando S. and Rohr, Christian and Schönbein, Johannes and Schulte, Lothar and Silva, Luís Pedro and Toonen, Willem H. J. and Valent, Peter and Waser, Jürgen and Wetter, Oliver},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = {7817},
  number = {583},
  pages = {560--566},
  doi = {10.1038/s41586-020-2478-3},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  abstract = {There are concerns that recent climate change is altering the frequency and magnitude of river floods in an unprecedented way(1). Historical studies have identified flood-rich periods in the past half millennium in various regions of Europe(2). However, because of the low temporal resolution of existing datasets and the relatively low number of series, it has remained unclear whether Europe is currently in a flood-rich period from a long-term perspective. Here we analyse how recent decades compare with the flood history of Europe, using a new database composed of more than 100 high-resolution (sub-annual) historical flood series based on documentary evidence covering all major regions of Europe. We show that the past three decades were among the most flood-rich periods in Europe in the past 500 years, and that this period differs from other flood-rich periods in terms of its extent, air temperatures and flood seasonality. We identified nine flood-rich periods and associated regions. Among the periods richest in floods are 1560-1580 (western and central Europe), 1760-1800 (most of Europe), 1840-1870 (western and southern Europe) and 1990-2016 (western and central Europe). In most parts of Europe, previous flood-rich periods occurred during cooler-than-usual phases, but the current flood-rich period has been much warmer. Flood seasonality is also more pronounced in the recent period. For example, during previous flood and interflood periods, 41 per cent and 42 per cent of central European floods occurred in summer, respectively, compared with 55 per cent of floods in the recent period. The exceptional nature of the present-day flood-rich period calls for process-based tools for flood-risk assessment that capture the physical mechanisms involved, and management strategies that can incorporate the recent changes in risk. Analysis of thousands of historical documents recording floods in Europe shows that flooding characteristics in recent decades are unlike those of previous centuries.},
  issn = {0028-0836}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_fluetchouinardetienne_2023,
  title = {Extensive global wetland loss over the past three centuries},
  author = {Fluet-Chouinard, Etienne and Stocker, Benjamin D. and Zhang, Zhen and Malhotra, Avni and Melton, Joe R. and Poulter, Benjamin and Kaplan, Jed O. and Goldewijk, Kees Klein and Siebert, Stefan and Minayeva, Tatiana and Hugelius, Gustaf and Joosten, Hans and Barthelmes, Alexandra and Prigent, Catherine and Aires, Filipe and Hoyt, Alison M. and Davidson, Nick and Finlayson, C. Max and Lehner, Bernhard and Jackson, Robert B. and McIntyre, Peter B.},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Nature},
  volume = {7947},
  number = {614},
  pages = {281--286},
  doi = {10.1038/s41586-022-05572-6},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  abstract = {Wetlands have long been drained for human use, thereby strongly affecting greenhouse gas fluxes, flood control, nutrient cycling and biodiversity1,2. Nevertheless, the global extent of natural wetland loss remains remarkably uncertain3. Here, we reconstruct the spatial distribution and timing of wetland loss through conversion to seven human land uses between 1700 and 2020, by combining national and subnational records of drainage and conversion with land-use maps and simulated wetland extents. We estimate that 3.4 million km2 (confidence interval 2.9–3.8) of inland wetlands have been lost since 1700, primarily for conversion to croplands. This net loss of 21% (confidence interval 16–23%) of global wetland area is lower than that suggested previously by extrapolations of data disproportionately from high-loss regions. Wetland loss has been concentrated in Europe, the United States and China, and rapidly expanded during the mid-twentieth century. Our reconstruction elucidates the timing and land-use drivers of global wetland losses, providing an improved historical baseline to guide assessment of wetland loss impact on Earth system processes, conservation planning to protect remaining wetlands and prioritization of sites for wetland restoration4.},
  issn = {0028-0836}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kardolpaul_2024,
  title = {Soil microbiomes show consistent and predictable responses to extreme events},
  author = {Kardol, Paul},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Nature},
  number = {636},
  pages = {690--696},
  doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-08185-3},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  abstract = {Increasing extreme climatic events threaten the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems1,2. Because soil microbes govern key biogeochemical processes, understanding their response to climate extremes is crucial in predicting the consequences for ecosystem functioning3,4. Here we subjected soils from 30 grasslands across Europe to four contrasting extreme climatic events under common controlled conditions (drought, flood, freezing and heat), and compared the response of soil microbial communities and their functioning with those of undisturbed soils. Soil microbiomes exhibited a small, but highly consistent and phylogenetically conserved, response under the imposed extreme events. Heat treatment most strongly impacted soil microbiomes, enhancing dormancy and sporulation genes and decreasing metabolic versatility. Microbiome response to heat in particular could be predicted by local climatic conditions and soil properties, with soils that do not normally experience the extreme conditions being imposed being most vulnerable. Our results suggest that soil microbiomes from different climates share unified responses to extreme climatic events, but that predicting the extent of community change may require knowledge of the local microbiome. These findings advance our understanding of soil microbial responses to extreme events, and provide a first step for making general predictions about the impact of extreme climatic events on soil functioning.Soils from 30 grasslands across Europe were subjected to 4 contrasting extreme climatic events under drought, flood, freezing and heat conditions, with the results suggesting that soil microbiomes from different climates share unified responses to extreme climatic events.},
  issn = {0028-0836}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_diodatonazzareno_2023,
  title = {Historical information sheds new light on the intensification of flooding in the Central Mediterranean},
  author = {Diodato, Nazzareno and Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik and Bellocchi, Gianni},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Scientific Reports},
  volume = {1},
  number = {13},
  pages = {1},
  doi = {10.1038/s41598-023-37683-z},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  abstract = {Hydrological disasters, such as floods, can have dire consequences for human societies. Historical information plays a key role in detecting whether particular types of hydrological disasters have increased in frequency and/or magnitude and, if so, they are more likely attributable to natural or human-induced climatic and other environmental changes. The identification of regions with similar flood conditions is essential for the analysis of regional flooding regimes. To this end, we here present the longest existing flood reconstruction for the Eastern Liguria Area (ELA) in northwestern Italy, covering 1582 to 2022 CE, which offers a case study representative of the central Mediterranean region. An Annual Flood Intensification Index was developed to transform the historical data into a continuous annual hydrological time-series contained by a homogeneous data structure for the study-area. We found two change-points (trend breaks) in the reconstructed time-series, in 1787 and 1967, with only occasional heavy floods comparable to present-day disasters occurring before the first change-point, and an increasing intensification of floods after the second change-point up to the present day. The recent intensification of flooding in the ELA, associated with changes in land use and land cover, also appears to coincide with phases in which hydrological hazards have become more changeable and extreme in disaster-affected areas. This is evidenced by river basin responses to human-induced disturbances.},
  issn = {2045-2322}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_karagiorgoskonstantinos_2024,
  title = {Global population datasets overestimate flood exposure in Sweden},
  author = {Karagiorgos, Konstantinos and Georganos, Stefanos and Fuchs, Sven and Nika, Grigor and Kavallaris, Nikos I. and Grahn, Tonje and Haas, Jan and Nyberg, Lars},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Scientific Reports},
  volume = {1},
  number = {14},
  pages = {1},
  doi = {10.1038/s41598-024-71330-5},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Nature Publishing Group},
  keywords = {flood exposure; gridded population dataset; worldpop; ghspop; flood risk management; sweden; risk and environmental studies; risk- och miljöstudier; geomatik; geomatics},
  abstract = {Accurate population data is crucial for assessing exposure in disaster risk assessments. In recent years,there has been a signifcant increase in the development of spatially gridded population datasets.Despite these datasets often using similar input data to derive population fgures, notable diferencesarise when comparing them with direct ground-level observations. This study evaluates the precisionand accuracy of food exposure assessments using both known and generated gridded populationdatasets in Sweden. Specifcally focusing on WorldPop and GHSPop, we compare these datasetsagainst ofcial national statistics at a 100 m grid cell resolution to assess their reliability in foodexposure analyses. Our objectives include quantifying the reliability of these datasets and examiningthe impact of data aggregation on estimated food exposure across diferent administrative levels.The analysis reveals signifcant discrepancies in food exposure estimates, underscoring the challengesassociated with relying on generated gridded population data for precise food risk assessments.Our fndings emphasize the importance of careful dataset selection and highlight the potential foroverestimation in food risk analysis. This emphasises the critical need for validations against groundpopulation data to ensure accurate food risk management strategies.},
  issn = {2045-2322}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_deepthibidarephalanetra_2025,
  title = {An event based analysis of extreme rainfall and historical trend in southern Tamil Nadu},
  author = {Deepthi, Bidare Phalanetra and Vishwanth, Kotigaanahalli Nanjundegowda and Harikeerthan, Mysore KeshavaRao and Irukumati, Supraja and Devaraj, Suresh and Sowmya, Hulivahana Nagaraju and Wadhwa, Abhinav and Soundarrajan, Amudha and Ahamed, A. Kalel and Loganathan, Parthiban},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Scientific Reports},
  volume = {1},
  number = {15},
  pages = {1},
  doi = {10.1038/s41598-025-27240-1},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Nature},
  keywords = {extreme rainfall; flood mitigation; climate change; southern tamil nadu; rainfall variability},
  abstract = {Floods are a recurring natural hazard in India, and their frequency and severity are escalating due to the compounded effects of climate change and anthropogenic pressures. This study investigates the catastrophic flooding that occurred in the southern Tamil Nadu districts of Kanyakumari, Tenkasi, Tirunelveli, and Thoothukudi in December 2023, triggered by extreme rainfall associated with Cyclone Michaung. Analysis of long-term rainfall data from 1901 to 2023 reveals a significant increase in rainfall variability, seasonality, and the frequency of extreme events, particularly during the October-December northeast monsoon period. The rainfall recorded on December 17, 2023, exceeded the 100-year return period in Tirunelveli and Thoothukudi, and the 50-year return period in Kanyakumari and Tenkasi indicating a statistically rare and hydrologically severe event. Seasonality indices (PCI, PCD, SI) and onset-withdrawal trends further highlight a shift toward concentrated, high-intensity rainfall episodes and longer monsoon durations. HAND-based flood inundation modeling, validated using ground truth points, delineated over 150 km2 of affected area, particularly along the Thamirabarani basin. The research emphasizes the need for proactive flood management in the coastal districts of Thoothukudi, Tirunelveli, Tenkasi, and Kanyakumari. Key strategies include creating flood inundation maps through dynamic hydrological-hydraulic modeling, establishing early warning systems, implementing sustainable land-use practices, and developing green infrastructure. Long-term climate adaptation measures are also crucial, such as climate modelling for future rainfall predictions, investing in climate-resilient infrastructure, and educating communities about flood preparedness.},
  issn = {2045-2322}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_solheimnils_2025,
  title = {Discharge distribution in a multi-outlet spillway with varying adverse conditions},
  author = {Solheim, Nils and Hedberg, Mikael P. A. and Hellström, Gunnar I. J. and Lia, Leif and Andersson, Anders G. and Andreasson, Patrik and Pummer, Elena},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Scientific Reports},
  volume = {1},
  number = {15},
  pages = {1},
  doi = {10.1038/s41598-025-89741-3},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Nature},
  keywords = {ogee spillway; discharge coefficient; spillway capacity; acoustic doppler velocimetry; oblique approach flow; strömningslära},
  abstract = {Hydropower and dam structures worldwide are facing evolving requirements due to changes in climate, better methods for flood estimates, combined with the needs of surrounding interests. Improved understanding of the hydraulic behavior of spillways, and the approach flow leading up to them, is important for evaluation of existing spillways and considering potential redesigns. There is limited research on the distribution of flow across a multiple outlet spillway, therefore a purpose built experimental setup is utilized to examine the impact of various geometrical changes on the flow distribution across a spillway with three outlets. The maximum difference measured between the different outlets were as much as 10%. While small changes to abutment and pier corners were found to reduce total discharge capacity up to 8%, with increased discharge and overflow height causing greater reduction in the capacity of the spillway. To further investigate the flow behavior leading up to the spillway outlets, ADV measurements were conducted to capture flow velocities. The measured flow cross sections indicate a stable flow field leading away from the inlet, stagnation zones and recirculation zones leading up to the spillway, with minor variations occurring for increasing inlet flow rates.},
  issn = {2045-2322}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_yangwei_2025,
  title = {Weather warning archives reveal spatio-temporal hot spots of compound natural hazards},
  author = {Yang, Wei and Olsson, Jonas and Berg, Peter and Simonsson, Lennart},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Scientific Reports},
  volume = {1},
  number = {15},
  pages = {1},
  doi = {10.1038/s41598-025-96842-6},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Nature Publishing Group},
  abstract = {Individual natural hazards may be combined in different ways, leading to cascading or co-occurring effects, turning them into compound hazards. However, assessment of individual as well as compound hazards is often hampered by short or incomplete observational records of actual hazards, and records of various hazards that do not easily combine. In this study we propose an alternative way to detect potential risk of compound natural hazards via archived severe weather warnings. We investigate weather warnings in Sweden from 2011 to 2020 regarding their distributions and frequencies in time (at daily level) and space (at warning district level) from both an individual and compound perspective. We illustrate the methodology and results by focusing on compound flood-related risk, generated by combinations of heavy rainfall, high streamflow and high sea level, and contextualize with two actual compound flood events in Sweden. We find compound fluvial and coastal flood risk primarily along the southwest coast during the winter half year as well as compound fluvio-pluvial flood risk during the summer half year. The results show that severe weather warnings can be used to assess the frequency and compounding nature of natural hazards, as well as to identify actual cases for further investigation, and we encourage similar investigations elsewhere.},
  issn = {2045-2322}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_linderssonsara_2023_1,
  title = {The wider the gap between rich and poor the higher the flood mortality},
  author = {Lindersson, Sara and Raffetti, Elena and Rusca, Maria and Brandimarte, Luigia and Mård, Johanna and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Nature Sustainability},
  volume = {8},
  number = {6},
  pages = {995--1005},
  doi = {10.1038/s41893-023-01107-7},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Nature},
  keywords = {flood mortality; disasters; income distribution; inequality; sustainable development; geovetenskap med inriktning mot miljöanalys; earth science with specialization in environmental analysis; geography; geografi; hydrology; hydrologi; natural resources and sustainable development; naturresurser och hållbar utveckling},
  abstract = {Economic inequality is rising within many countries globally, and this can significantly influence the social vulnerability to natural hazards. We analysed income inequality and flood disasters in 67 middle- and high-income countries between 1990 and 2018 and found that unequal countries tend to suffer more flood fatalities. This study integrates geocoded mortality records from 573 major flood disasters with population and economic data to perform generalized linear mixed regression modelling. Our results show that the significant association between income inequality and flood mortality persists after accounting for the per-capita real gross domestic product, population size in flood-affected regions and other potentially confounding variables. The protective effect of increasing gross domestic product disappeared when accounting for income inequality and population size in flood-affected regions. On the basis of our results, we argue that the increasingly uneven distribution of wealth deserves more attention within international disaster-risk research and policy arenas.},
  issn = {2398-9629}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_graftonquentin_2024,
  title = {Rethinking responses to the world’s water crises},
  author = {Grafton, Quentin and Svensson, Jesper and Williams, John},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Nature Sustainability},
  volume = {1},
  number = {8},
  pages = {1},
  doi = {10.1038/s41893-024-01470-z},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Nature Publishing Group},
  abstract = {The world faces multiple water crises, including overextraction, flooding, ecosystem degradation and inequitable safe water access. Insufficient funding and ineffective implementation impede progress in water access, while, in part, a misdiagnosis of the causes has prioritized some responses over others (for example, hard over soft infrastructure). We reframe the responses to mitigating the world’s water crises using a ‘beyond growth’ framing and compare it to mainstream thinking. Beyond growth is systems thinking that prioritizes the most disadvantaged. It seeks to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation by overcoming policy capture and inertia and by fostering place-based and justice-principled institutional changes.},
  issn = {2398-9629}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_zhoukejing_2024,
  title = {Urban flood risk management needs nature-based solutions: a coupled social-ecological system perspective},
  author = {Zhou, Kejing and Kong, Fanhua and Yin, Haiwei and Destouni, Georgia and Meadows, Michael E. and Andersson, Erik and Chen, Liding and Chen, Bin and Li, Zhenya and Su, Jie},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {npj Urban Sustainability},
  volume = {1},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1},
  doi = {10.1038/s42949-024-00162-z},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Nature},
  abstract = {A growing number of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) has been advocated for urban flood risk management (FRM). However, whether NbS for FRM (NbS-FRM) achieves both social and ecological co-benefits remains largely unknown. We here propose and use a conceptual framework with a coupled social-ecological perspective to explore and identify such "win-win" potential in NbS-FRM. Through a scoping-review we find that ecological FRM measures are unevenly distributed around the world, and those solely targeting flood mitigation may have unintended negative consequences for society and ecosystems. In elaborating this framework with evidence from the reviewed studies, we find that NbS-FRM has the potential to provide both social and ecological co-benefits, with remaining gaps including a lack of resilience thinking, inadequate consideration of environmental changes, and limited collaborative efforts to manage trade-offs. The proposed framework shows how to move forward to leverage NbS for equitable and sustainable FRM with improved human well-being and ecosystem health.},
  issn = {2661-8001}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_vanvlietmichelleth_2023,
  title = {Global river water quality under climate change and hydroclimatic extremes},
  author = {Van Vliet, Michelle T. H. and Thorslund, Josefin and Strokal, Maryna and Hofstra, Nynke and Flörke, Martina and Macedo, Heloisa Ehalt and Nkwasa, Albert and Tang, Ting and Kaushal, Sujay S. and Kumar, Rohini and Van Griensven, Ann and Bouwman, Lex and Mosley, Luke M.},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Nature Reviews Earth & Environment},
  number = {4},
  pages = {687--702},
  doi = {10.1038/s43017-023-00472-3},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  abstract = {Climate change and extreme weather events (such as droughts, heatwaves, rainstorms and floods) pose serious challenges for water management, in terms of both water resources availability and water quality. However, the responses and mechanisms of river water quality under more frequent and intense hydroclimatic extremes are not well understood. In this Review, we assess the impacts of hydroclimatic extremes and multidecadal climate change on a wide range of water quality constituents to identify the key responses and driving mechanisms. Comparison of 965 case studies indicates that river water quality generally deteriorates under droughts and heatwaves (68% of compiled cases), rainstorms and floods (51%) and under long-term climate change (56%). Also improvements or mixed responses are reported owing to counteracting mechanisms, for example, increased pollutant mobilization versus dilution during flood events. River water quality responses under multidecadal climate change are driven by hydrological alterations, rises in water and soil temperatures and interactions among hydroclimatic, land use and human drivers. These complex interactions synergistically influence the sources, transport and transformation of all water quality constituents. Future research must target tools, techniques and models that support the design of robust water quality management strategies, in a world that is facing more frequent and severe hydroclimatic extremes.},
  issn = {2662-138X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mazzolenimaurizio_2022,
  title = {Deciphering human influence on annual maximum flood extent at the global level},
  author = {Mazzoleni, Maurizio and Dottori, Francesco and Cloke, Hannah L. and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Communications Earth & Environment},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {1},
  doi = {10.1038/s43247-022-00598-0},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Nature},
  abstract = {Human actions are increasingly altering most river basins worldwide, resulting in changes in hydrological processes and extreme events. Yet, global patterns of changes between seasonal surface water and urbanization remain largely unknown. Here we perform a worldwide analysis of 106 large river basins and uncover global trends of annual maximum flood extent and artificial impervious area, as proxy of urbanization, over the past three decades. We explore their relationships with hydroclimatic variability, expressed as rainfall and snowmelt, and find that hydroclimatic variability alone cannot explain changes in annual maximum flood extent in 75% of the analyzed major river basins worldwide. Considering rainfall and urban area together can explain changes in the annual maximum flood extent in 57% of the basins. Our study emphasizes the importance of understanding the global impacts of human presence on changes in seasonal water dynamics. Increasing annual maximum flood extent over the past 30 years is best explained when the coincident increase in urban areas within floodplains is considered not just changes in hydroclimate, according to a worldwide analysis of major river basins.},
  issn = {2662-4435}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_jiangruijie_2023,
  title = {Substantial increase in future fluvial flood risk projected in China’s major urban agglomerations},
  author = {Jiang, Ruijie and Lu, Hui and Yang, Kun and Chen, Deliang and Zhou, Jiayue and Yamazaki, Dai and Pan, Ming and Li, Wenyu and Xu, Nan and Yang, Yuan and Guan, Dabo and Tian, Fuqiang},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Communications Earth and Environment},
  number = {4},
  pages = {4},
  doi = {10.1038/s43247-023-01049-0},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  abstract = {Urban land will face high fluvial flood risk against the background of climate change and urban expansion. The effect of urban spatial expansion, instead of densification of assets within existing urban cells, on flood risk has rarely been reported. Here, we project the future flood risk of seven urban agglomerations in China, home to over 750 million people. The inundated urban land areas in the future are projected to be 4 to 19 times that at present. Without considering the urban spatial expansion, the inundated urban land areas will be underestimated by 10-50%. Urban land is more likely to be inundated than non-urban land, and the newly-developed urban land will be inundated more easily than the historical urban land. The results demonstrate the urgency of integrating climate change mitigation, reasonable urban land expansion, and increased flood protection levels to minimize the flood risk in urban land.},
  issn = {2662-4435}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_chenaifang_2024,
  title = {Impact of tropical cyclones and socioeconomic exposure on flood risk distribution in the Mekong Basin},
  author = {Chen, Aifang and Pokhrel, Yadu and Chen, Deliang and Huang, Hao and Dai, Zhijun and He, Bin and Wang, Jie and Li, Jiaye and Wang, Hong and Liu, Junguo},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT},
  volume = {1},
  number = {5},
  pages = {1},
  doi = {10.1038/s43247-024-01868-9},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  abstract = {Tropical cyclones have a big impact on flood risk, and understanding how their activity interacts with population exposure under climate change is critical. Here we investigate spatiotemporal changes in flood risk using numerical models together with historical observations and future projections of tropical cyclone tracks. We find that tropical cyclone-related flood risk shifts from the Mekong Delta to the eastern lower Mekong Basin, driven by the interaction between tropical cyclones and population exposure. Historically, extreme precipitation from tropical cyclones increased flood risk in about 14% and decreased in 7% of the basin. Future tropical cyclones may increase flood risk in about 7% and reduce in nearly 18% of the basin. Moreover, population exposure growth has historically increased flood risk in 3% of the basin and is projected to result in a 1% increase. These findings highlight the complex interactions of tropical cyclone hazards and socioeconomic factors influencing flood risk. The geographical distribution of flood risk in the Mekong Basin has changed as a result of shifts in extreme precipitation from tropical cyclones as well as population exposure and is projected to continue to evolve, according to simulations with a hydrological-hydrodynamic model and observations.},
  issn = {2662-4435}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_nohrstedtdaniel_2024,
  title = {Assessing the myth of disaster risk reduction in the wake of catastrophic floods},
  author = {Nohrstedt, Daniel and Mondino, Elena and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Parker, Charles F.},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {npj Natural Hazards},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1},
  doi = {10.1038/s44304-024-00007-w},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Nature},
  abstract = {Whether disasters serve as focusing events leading to measures that reduce future disaster risks is contested. Here, we study flood disasters in 23 of the world’s most flood-prone countries to assess whether catastrophic floods, those milestone events with the highest fatalities, have been followed by decreasing mortality in subsequent floods. Results from a trend analysis, controlling for flood magnitude and subtypes, find that reductions in mortality rates have rarely followed the most devastating floods.},
  issn = {2948-2100}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_nardif_2019,
  title = {GFPLAIN250m, a global high-resolution dataset of Earth's floodplains},
  author = {Nardi, F. and Annis, A. and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Vivoni, E. R. and Grimaldi, S.},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  number = {6},
  pages = {6},
  doi = {10.1038/sdata.2018.309},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP},
  abstract = {Identifying floodplain boundaries is of paramount importance for earth, environmental and socioeconomic studies addressing riverine risk and resource management. However, to date, a global floodplain delineation using a homogeneous procedure has not been constructed. In this paper, we present the first, comprehensive, high-resolution, gridded dataset of Earth's floodplains at 250-m resolution (GFPLAIN250m). We use the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital terrain model and set of terrain analysis procedures for geomorphic floodplain delineations. The elevation data are processed by a fast geospatial tool for floodplain mapping available for download at https://github.com/fnardi/GFPLAIN. The GFPLAIN250m dataset can support many applications, including flood hazard mapping, habitat restoration, development studies, and the analysis of human-flood interactions. To test the GFPLAIN250m dataset, we perform a consistency analysis with floodplain delineations derived by flood hazard modelling studies in Europe.},
  issn = {2052-4463}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_futtermartyn_2015,
  title = {Rainfall runoff modelling of the Upper Ganga and Brahmaputra basins using PERSiST},
  author = {Futter, Martyn},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Environmental Science: Processes and Impacts},
  number = {17},
  pages = {1070--1081},
  doi = {10.1039/c4em00613e},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)},
  abstract = {There are ongoing discussions about the appropriate level of complexity and sources of uncertainty in rainfall runoff models. Simulations for operational hydrology, flood forecasting or nutrient transport all warrant different levels of complexity in the modelling approach. More complex model structures are appropriate for simulations of land-cover dependent nutrient transport while more parsimonious model structures may be adequate for runoff simulation. The appropriate level of complexity is also dependent on data availability. Here, we use PERSiST; a simple, semi-distributed dynamic rainfall-runoff modelling toolkit to simulate flows in the Upper Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers. We present two sets of simulations driven by single time series of daily precipitation and temperature using simple (A) and complex (B) model structures based on uniform and hydrochemically relevant land covers respectively. Models were compared based on ensembles of Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) statistics. Equifinality was observed for parameters but not for model structures. Model performance was better for the more complex (B) structural representations than for parsimonious model structures. The results show that structural uncertainty is more important than parameter uncertainty. The ensembles of BIC statistics suggested that neither structural representation was preferable in a statistical sense. Simulations presented here confirm that relatively simple models with limited data requirements can be used to credibly simulate flows and water balance components needed for nutrient flux modelling in large, data-poor basins.},
  issn = {2050-7887}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_futtermartyn_2015_1,
  title = {Dynamic modeling of the Ganga river system: impacts of future climate and socio-economic change on flows and nitrogen fluxes in India and Bangladesh},
  author = {Futter, Martyn},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Environmental Science: Processes and Impacts},
  number = {17},
  pages = {1082--1097},
  doi = {10.1039/c4em00616j},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)},
  abstract = {This study investigates the potential impacts of future climate and socio-economic change on the flow and nitrogen fluxes of the Ganga river system. This is the first basin scale water quality study for the Ganga considering climate change at 25 km resolution together with socio-economic scenarios. The revised dynamic, process-based INCA model was used to simulate hydrology and water quality within the complex multi-branched river basins. All climate realizations utilized in the study predict increases in temperature and rainfall by the 2050s with significant increase by the 2090s. These changes generate associated increases in monsoon flows and increased availability of water for groundwater recharge and irrigation, but also more frequent flooding. Decreased concentrations of nitrate and ammonia are expected due to increased dilution. Different future socio-economic scenarios were found to have a significant impact on water quality at the downstream end of the Ganga. A less sustainable future resulted in a deterioration of water quality due to the pressures from higher population growth, land use change, increased sewage treatment discharges, enhanced atmospheric nitrogen deposition, and water abstraction. However, water quality was found to improve under a more sustainable strategy as envisaged in the Ganga clean-up plan.},
  issn = {2050-7887}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_futtermartyn_2015_2,
  title = {Impacts of climate change and socio-economic scenarios on flow and water quality of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna (GBM) river systems: low flow and flood statistics},
  author = {Futter, Martyn},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Environmental Science: Processes and Impacts},
  number = {17},
  pages = {1057--1069},
  doi = {10.1039/c4em00619d},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)},
  abstract = {The potential impacts of climate change and socio-economic change on flow and water quality in rivers worldwide is a key area of interest. The Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna (GBM) is one of the largest river basins in the world serving a population of over 650 million, and is of vital concern to India and Bangladesh as it provides fresh water for people, agriculture, industry, conservation and for the delta system downstream. This paper seeks to assess future changes in flow and water quality utilising a modelling approach as a means of assessment in a very complex system. The INCA-N model has been applied to the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna river systems to simulate flow and water quality along the rivers under a range of future climate conditions. Three model realisations of the Met Office Hadley Centre global and regional climate models were selected from 17 perturbed model runs to evaluate a range of potential futures in climate. In addition, the models have also been evaluated using socioeconomic scenarios, comprising (1) a business as usual future, (2) a more sustainable future, and (3) a less sustainable future. Model results for the 2050s and the 2090s indicate a significant increase in monsoon flows under the future climates, with enhanced flood potential. Low flows are predicted to fall with extended drought periods, which could have impacts on water and sediment supply, irrigated agriculture and saline intrusion. In contrast, the socio-economic changes had relatively little impact on flows, except under the low flow regimes where increased irrigation could further reduce water availability. However, should large scale water transfers upstream of Bangladesh be constructed, these have the potential to reduce flows and divert water away from the delta region depending on the volume and timing of the transfers. This could have significant implications for the delta in terms of saline intrusion, water supply, agriculture and maintaining crucial ecosystems such as the mangrove forests, with serious implications for people's livelihoods in the area. The socio-economic scenarios have a significant impact on water quality, altering nutrient fluxes being transported into the delta region.},
  issn = {2050-7887}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_longoelisa_2016,
  title = {Assessing fluvial flood risk in urban environments: a case study},
  author = {Longo, Elisa and Aronica, Giuseppe Tito and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Mukolwe, Micah},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {3RD EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT (FLOODRISK 2016)},
  doi = {10.1051/e3sconf/20160711007},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: EDP Sciences},
  abstract = {Nowadays, floods are among the most impactful calamities regarding costs. Looking at the natural hazards damage data collected in the International Disaster Database (EM-DAT), it is observable a significant increase over the past four decades of both frequency of floods and associated costs. Similarly, dramatic trends are also found by analyzing other types of flood losses, such as the number of people affected by floods, homeless, injured or killed.To deal with the aforementioned rise of flood risk, more and more efforts are being made to promote integrated flood risk management, for example, the Flood Directive 2007/60/EC. The main goals of this research are the estimation of flood damages using the KULTURisk methodology and the comparing of the projected costs with the observed one. The case study is the 2002 flood in Eilenburg. According to KULTURisk methodology, two major classes of data are considered to evaluate flood risk damage: hydradlic data as regards Hazard and economic information to assess Exposure and Vulnerability This study shows the possibility to extend the lesson learned with the Eilenburg case study in other similar contexts.}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_granbergmikael_2016,
  title = {Understanding the local policy context of risk management: Competitiveness and adaptation to climate risks in the city of Karlstad, Sweden},
  author = {Granberg, Mikael and Nyberg, Lars and Modh, Lars-Erik},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Risk Management},
  volume = {1},
  number = {18},
  pages = {26--46},
  doi = {10.1057/rm.2015.21},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  keywords = {climate risks; policy context; competiveness; growth; climate adaptation; risk and environmental studies; risk- och miljöstudier},
  abstract = {To understand the situation of climate risk management we need to understand the priorities and politics of the wider policy context. The framing of potentially incompatible policy issues is important to take into account when analysing policy processes. In this article, we focus on two policy issues aiming at local adaptation to global forces: facilitating city competiveness and adapting to the impacts of global climate change. Global climate change always manifests itself in the local arena, which thus becomes a crucial site for adaptation to the risks connected to climate change. Adaptation has to correspond with the city policy agenda to build the attractive city through waterfront housing as a means to strengthen its competitiveness in a globalised economy. This article focuses on the relationship between pursuing competitiveness through waterfront housing and the needs to adapt to climate change in terms of contemporary and future flood risks.},
  issn = {1460-3799}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_castellarina_2009,
  title = {Optimal Cross-Sectional Spacing in Preissmann Scheme 1D Hydrodynamic Models},
  author = {CASTELLARIN, A and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and BATES, PD and BRATH, A},
  year = {2009},
  journal = {Journal of Hydraulic Engineering},
  volume = {2},
  number = {135},
  pages = {96--105},
  doi = {10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2009)135:2(96)},
  language = {eng},
  abstract = {Choosing a suitable set of cross sections for the representation of the natural geometry of a river is important for the efficiency of one-dimensional (1D) hydraulic models, but only few guidelines are available for the selection of the most suitable distance between cross sections, depending on the hydraulic problem at hand. This issue is investigated by examining models of a ∼55km reach of the River Po, Italy, and a ∼16km reach of the River Severn, United Kingdom, for both of which high quality laser scanning altimetry are available. The high-resolution digital terrain models of the two river reaches enabled the construction of a series of hypothetical topographical ground surveys with different spacing between cross sections, which could be used as input to a standard 1D model (UNET). Both historical and synthetic flood events for the two river reaches were simulated, and the results were then analyzed to quantify the accuracy associated with each resolution and to assess how survey resolution impacts the performance of standard 1D models. The study results agree with the available suggestions in the literature and provide useful guidelines for 1D hydrodynamic modeling.},
  issn = {0733-9429}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mazzolenimaurizio_2014,
  title = {Flooding hazard mapping in floodplain areas affected by piping breaches in the Po River, Italy},
  author = {Mazzoleni, Maurizio and Bacchi, B. and Barontini, S. and Di Baldassarre, G. and Pilotti, M. and Ranzi, R.},
  year = {2014},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrologic Engineering},
  volume = {4},
  number = {19},
  pages = {717--731},
  doi = {10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000840},
  language = {eng}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_yankun_2015_1,
  title = {Exploring the Potential of SRTM Topography and Radar Altimetry to Support Flood Propagation Modeling: Danube Case Study},
  author = {Yan, Kun and Tarpanelli, Angelica and Balint, Gabor and Moramarco, Tommaso and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Journal of hydrologic engineering},
  volume = {2},
  number = {20},
  pages = {2},
  doi = {10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0001018},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {flood inundation modeling; shuttle radar topography mission (srtm) topography; radar altimetry; model evaluation},
  abstract = {Flood inundation modeling is one of the essential steps in flood hazard mapping. However, the desirable input and calibration data for model building and evaluation are not sufficient or unavailable in many rivers and floodplains of the world. A potential opportunity to fill this gap is offered nowadays by global earth observation data, which can be obtained freely (or at low cost), such as the shuttle radar topography mission (SRTM) and radar altimetry. However, the actual usefulness of these data is still poorly investigated. This study attempts to assess the value of SRTM topography and radar altimetry in supporting flood-level predictions in data-poor areas. To this end, a hydraulic model of a 150-km reach of the Danube River was built by using SRTM topography as input data and radar altimetry of the 2006 flood event as calibration data. The model was then used to simulate the 2007 flood event and evaluated against water levels measured in four stream gauge stations. Model evaluation allows the investigation of the usefulness and limitations of SRTM topography and radar altimetry in supporting hydraulic modeling of floods. (C) 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.},
  issn = {1084-0699}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mazzolenimaurizio_2018,
  title = {Data assimilation in hydrologic routing: Impact of model error and sensor placement on flood forecasting},
  author = {Mazzoleni, Maurizio and Chacon-Hurtado, J. and Noh, S. J. and Seo, D. -J and Alfonso, L. and Solomatine, D.},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrologic Engineering},
  volume = {6},
  number = {23},
  pages = {6},
  doi = {10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0001656},
  language = {eng}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_smithp_2014,
  title = {When to Issue a Flood Warning: Towards a Risk-Based Approach Based on Real Time Probabilistic Forecasts},
  author = {Smith, P. and Beven, Keith J.},
  year = {2014},
  journal = {Vulnerability, Uncertainty, and Risk},
  pages = {1395--1404},
  doi = {10.1061/9780784413609.140},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Reston, VA : American Society of Civil Engineers},
  abstract = {In operational flood forecasting, the decision to issue a warning to the community at risk has to be made in real time based on evolving probabilistic forecasts of the hazard. However, not only is the hazard forecast changing in time, but so too are the exposure and vulnerability. This may be the result of changes in the location of assets and people, or - more qualitatively - in a loss or gain for the reputation of the forecasting authority. In this work, we take the first steps towards quantifying these to form a risk-based framework for making the decision to issue a warning using an example catchment in the UK.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ridolfielena_2012,
  title = {An entropy method for floodplain monitoring network design},
  author = {Ridolfi, Elena and Yan, Kun and Alfonso, Leonardo and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Napolitano, Francesco and Russo, Fabio and Bates, Paul D.},
  year = {2012},
  journal = {AIP Conference Proceedings},
  doi = {10.1063/1.4756522},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: American Institute of Physics (AIP)},
  abstract = {In recent years an increasing number of flood-related fatalities has highlighted the necessity of improving flood risk management to reduce human and economic losses. In this framework, monitoring of flood-prone areas is a key factor for building a resilient environment. In this paper a method for designing a floodplain monitoring network is presented. A redundant network of cheap wireless sensors (GridStix) measuring water depth is considered over a reach of the River Dee (UK), with sensors placed both in the channel and in the floodplain. Through a Three Objective Optimization Problem (TOOP) the best layouts of sensors are evaluated, minimizing their redundancy, maximizing their joint information content and maximizing the accuracy of the observations. A simple raster-based inundation model (LISFLOOD-FP) is used to generate a synthetic GridStix data set of water stages. The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) that is used for hydraulic model building is the globally and freely available SRTM DEM.},
  issn = {0094-243X}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_montesarchiovaleria_2012,
  title = {A comparison of two rainfall disaggregation models},
  author = {Montesarchio, Valeria and Napolitano, Francesco and Ridolfi, Elena and Ubertini, Lucio},
  year = {2012},
  journal = {AIP Conference Proceedings},
  doi = {10.1063/1.4756526},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: American Institute of Physics (AIP)},
  keywords = {stochastic rainfall modeling; entropy},
  abstract = {Whitin the context of flood management, and generally for performing environmental, climate, hydrological, and water resources analysis, it is useful and reliable to provide scenarios by rainfall simulation, in order to overcome data limitations in terms of time and spatial resolution. Generally, it is required that the stochastic model preservesimportant properties of the rainfall process, such as intermittency, seasonality and scaling behavior in space and time, so that there will be no substantial differences between historical rainfall data and synthetic records. In this work, two rainfall disaggregation models are evaluated in terms of their ability to reproduce rainfall hourly statistics in four sites in Central Italy. The considered models are an entropy based disaggregation model and Hyetos-R (Bartlett-Lewis rectangular pulses rainfall)},
  issn = {0094-243X}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ridolfielena_2016_1,
  title = {Optimal Cross-sectional Sampling for River Modelling with Bridges: an Information Theory-based Method},
  author = {Ridolfi, Elena and Alfonso, L. and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Napolitano, F.},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Proceedings Of The International Conference On Numerical Analysis And Applied Mathematics 2015 (ICNAAM-2015)},
  doi = {10.1063/1.4952217},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Author(s)},
  keywords = {hydraulic modelling; cross sections; flood; information theory; optimization; genetic algorithm},
  abstract = {The description of river topography has a crucial role in accurate one-dimensional (1D) hydraulic modelling. Specifically, cross-sectional data define the riverbed elevation, the flood-prone area, and thus, the hydraulic behavior of the river. Here, the problem of the optimal cross-sectional spacing is solved through an information theory-based concept. The optimal subset of locations is the one with the maximum information content and the minimum amount of redundancy. The original contribution is the introduction of a methodology to sample river cross sections in the presence of bridges. The approach is tested on the Grosseto River (IT) and is compared to existing guidelines. The results show that the information theory-based approach can support traditional methods to estimate rivers' cross-sectional spacing.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bertiniclaudia_2020,
  title = {Optima Rain Gauge Network Design Based On Multi-Objective Optimization Approach},
  author = {Bertini, Claudia and Ridolfi, Elena and Alfonso, Leonardo and Napolitano, Francesco},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {International conference on numerical analysis and applied mathematics ICNAAM 2019},
  doi = {10.1063/5.0026483},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: AIP Publishing},
  abstract = {Precipitation is a main input to many hydrological applications, such as water management, flood forecasting and hydrological modelling. The goodness of the rainfall field estimation can thus affect their performances. Despite radar-based and satellite-based measurements have nowadays become very common and accurate, rain gauges monitoring stations are still needed. The gauge density and its spatial distribution are two of the key factors influencing the accuracy in precipitation estimation. Even if in the last decades many studies proposed several methodologies for the design of optimal monitoring networks, only few studies use hydrological model performance as a design criterion. The purpose of this study is to define the optimal rain gauge network for the Mignone River catchment (Italy). The optimal network is defined through a multi-objective optimization approach, where the interpolation error of precipitation is minimised and the performance of a hydrological model based on the Width Function Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph theory is maximised. The optimization is run both without and with constraints, which are based on rainfall patterns. A score to choose the best set of points in the Pareto front is presented. The results suggest that there are preferential areas where sensors locations achieve optimal interpolation error and model performance.}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_risbeyjamess_2025,
  title = {Extreme monthly rainfall archetypes for Australia},
  author = {Risbey, James S. and Monselesan, Didier P. and Chapman, Christopher C. and Chung, Christine and Hannachi, Abdel and Irving, Damien and Parker, Tess and Pook, Michael J. and Ramesh, Nandini and Stellema, Annette and Tozer, Carly R.},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Journal of Southern Hemisphere Earth Systems Science},
  volume = {3},
  number = {75},
  pages = {3},
  doi = {10.1071/ES25016},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {archetypal analysis; australia; climate extreme; climate variability; drought; dry spell; flood; predictability; rainfall archetype; rainfall pattern; transition probability; wet spell},
  abstract = {The method of archetypal analysis is used to generate a set of monthly timescale rainfall archetypes for the Australian region. The patterns associated with the archetypes reflect continental and regional-scale wet and dry. The dominant pattern in terms of occurrence and persistence is one in which most of the continent is dry. This pattern is typically expressed over winter and spring. The next most frequent pattern is one where most of the continent is wet, mostly expressed during summer. It is rare to find periods where the whole continent is wet outside summer, though this does occur and is associated with very wet years for the continent. The archetype patterns have preferred seasonal expressions, and preferred transitions from one pattern to another. The continent-wide dry pattern is mostly followed by patterns in which both south-west and south-east Australia are wet during the autumn and winter. However, if the dry continental archetype persists through to spring, then it is usually followed by a pattern that is wet in the south-east but not the south-west. The analysis reveals pivotal months, such as April and November. These months mark the end of periods when only a few archetypes are expressed, allow expression of almost all the archetypes, and are then succeeded by periods when a smaller number of archetypes are expressed again. The archetype patterns successfully capture the large-scale spatial patterns of monthly rainfall in Australia, and provide a diagnostic tool to evaluate the onset, duration and transitions between wet and dry periods.},
  issn = {2206-5865}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dawsonsamantha_2020,
  title = {Land use alters soil propagule banks of wetlands down the soil-depth profile},
  author = {Dawson, Samantha},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Marine and freshwater research},
  number = {71},
  pages = {191--201},
  doi = {10.1071/MF18438},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {CSIRO Publishing},
  abstract = {Many studies have investigated the effects of human disturbances on floodplain propagule banks, but few have examined how these propagule banks change down the soil depth profile. Changes in soil propagule banks with depth can indicate the state of past vegetation and potentially demonstrate the effects of different land uses on the soil profile. Here, we examined changes in soil propagule banks down the soil-depth profile in an Australian floodplain wetland with five different land-use histories, ranging from a, in this case, relatively minor disturbance (clearing) through to more major disturbance (continuous cultivation). Land use had a larger influence than floodplain geomorphology on the propagule distribution of wetland plant-group numbers. An observed decrease in individuals over the depth profile also altered terrestrial plant groups in fields with longer land-use histories. Overall, soil-propagule profiles for terrestrial plants were not as affected by land use as were those of wetland plants. The geomorphological position on the floodplain also altered the soil propagule bank, with areas subject to the most flooding having the highest number of wetland species and retaining more of these species with greater depths. In conclusion, land-use impacts alter soil-propagule banks down the profile, despite most studies focussing on the top few centimetres.},
  issn = {1323-1650}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_giosanliviu_2012,
  title = {Fluvial landscapes of the Harappan civilization},
  author = {Giosan, Liviu and Clift, Peter D. and Macklin, Mark G. and Fuller, Dorian Q. and Constantinescu, Stefan and Durcan, Julie A. and Stevens, Thomas and Duller, Geoff A. T. and Tabrez, Ali R. and Gangal, Kavita and Adhikari, Ronojoy and Alizai, Anwar and Filip, Florin and VanLaningham, Sam and Syvitski, James P. M.},
  year = {2012},
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
  volume = {26},
  number = {109},
  pages = {1694},
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.1112743109},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  abstract = {The collapse of the Bronze Age Harappan, one of the earliest urban civilizations, remains an enigma. Urbanism flourished in the western region of the Indo-Gangetic Plain for approximately 600 y, but since approximately 3,900 y ago, the total settled area and settlement sizes declined, many sites were abandoned, and a significant shift in site numbers and density towards the east is recorded. We report morphologic and chronologic evidence indicating that fluvial landscapes in Harappan territory became remarkably stable during the late Holocene as aridification intensified in the region after approximately 5,000 BP. Upstream on the alluvial plain, the large Himalayan rivers in Punjab stopped incising, while downstream, sedimentation slowed on the distinctive mega-fluvial ridge, which the Indus built in Sindh. This fluvial quiescence suggests a gradual decrease in flood intensity that probably stimulated intensive agriculture initially and encouraged urbanization around 4,500 BP. However, further decline in monsoon precipitation led to conditions adverse to both inundation- and rain-based farming. Contrary to earlier assumptions that a large glacier-fed Himalayan river, identified by some with the mythical Sarasvati, watered the Harappan heartland on the interfluve between the Indus and Ganges basins, we show that only monsoonal-fed rivers were active there during the Holocene. As the monsoon weakened, monsoonal rivers gradually dried or became seasonal, affecting habitability along their courses. Hydroclimatic stress increased the vulnerability of agricultural production supporting Harappan urbanism, leading to settlement downsizing, diversification of crops, and a drastic increase in settlements in the moister monsoon regions of the upper Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh.},
  issn = {0027-8424}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_grinstedaslak_2012,
  title = {Homogeneous record of Atlantic hurricane surge threat since 1923},
  author = {Grinsted, Aslak and Moore, John C and Jevrejeva, Svetlana},
  year = {2012},
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
  volume = {48},
  number = {109},
  pages = {19601--19605},
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.1209542109},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  keywords = {climate; extreme; hazard; risk; flood; cyclone},
  abstract = {Detection and attribution of past changes in cyclone activity are hampered by biased cyclone records due to changes in observational capabilities. Here we construct an independent record of Atlantic tropical cyclone activity on the basis of storm surge statistics from tide gauges. We demonstrate that the major events in our surge index record can be attributed to landfalling tropical cyclones; these events also correspond with the most economically damaging Atlantic cyclones. We find that warm years in general were more active in all cyclone size ranges than cold years. The largest cyclones are most affected by warmer conditions and we detect a statistically significant trend in the frequency of large surge events (roughly corresponding to tropical storm size) since 1923. In particular, we estimate that Katrina-magnitude events have been twice as frequent in warm years compared with cold years (P < 0.02).},
  issn = {0027-8424}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_laestadiuslars_2017,
  title = {Natural climate solutions},
  author = {Laestadius, Lars},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
  number = {114},
  pages = {11645--11650},
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.1710465114},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  abstract = {Better stewardship of land is needed to achieve the Paris Climate Agreement goal of holding warming to below 2 degrees C; however, confusion persists about the specific set of land stewardship options available and their mitigation potential. To address this, we identify and quantify "natural climate solutions" (NCS): 20 conservation, restoration, and improved land management actions that increase carbon storage and/or avoid greenhouse gas emissions across global forests, wetlands, grasslands, and agricultural lands. We find that the maximum potential of NCS-when constrained by food security, fiber security, and biodiversity conservation-is 23.8 petagrams of CO2 equivalent (PgCO(2)e) y(-1) (95% Cl 20.3-37.4). This is >= 30% higher than prior estimates, which did not include the full range of options and safeguards considered here. About half of this maximum (11.3 PgCO(2)e(-1)) represents cost-effective climate mitigation, assuming the social cost of CO2 pollution is >= 100 USD MgCO(2)e(-1) by 2030. Natural climate solutions can provide 37% of cost-effective CO2 mitigation needed through 2030 for a >66% chance of holding warming to below 2 degrees C. One-third of this cost-effective NCS mitigation can be delivered at or below 10 USD MgCO2-1. Most NCS actions-if effectively implemented-also offer water filtration, flood buffering, soil health, biodiversity habitat, and enhanced climate resilience. Work remains to better constrain uncertainty of NCS mitigation estimates. Nevertheless, existing knowledge reported here provides a robust basis for immediate global action to improve ecosystem stewardship as a major solution to climate change.},
  issn = {0027-8424}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_gulickseanps_2019,
  title = {The first day of the Cenozoic},
  author = {Gulick, Sean, P.S. and Bralower, Timothy J. and Ormö, Jens and Hall, Brendon and Grice, Kliti and Schaefer, Bettina and Lyons, Shelby and Freeman, Katherine and Morgan, Joahha and Artemieva, Natalia and Kaskes, Pim and de Graaff, Sietze and Whalen, Michael T. and Collins, Gareth S. and Tikoo, Sonia M. and Verhagen, Christina and Christeson, Gail L. and Claeys, Philippe and Coolen, Marco J. L. and Goderis, Steven and Goto, Kazuhisa and Grieve, Richard A. F. and McCall, Naoma and Osinski, Gordon R. and Rae, Auriol S. P. and Riller, Ulrich and Smit, Jan and Vajda, Vivi and Wittmann, Axel},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
  number = {116},
  pages = {19342--19351},
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.1909479116},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: US National Academy of Sciences},
  keywords = {chicxulub impact crater; suevite; cretaceous–paleogene; peak ring; tsunami; the changing earth; den föränderliga jorden},
  abstract = {Highly expanded Cretaceous–Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary section from the Chicxulub peak ring, recovered by International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) –International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) Expedition 364, provides an unprecedented window into the immediate aftermath of the impact. Site M0077 includes ∼130 m of impact melt rock and suevite deposited the first day of the Cenozoic covered by <1 m of micrite-rich carbonate deposite over subsequent weeks to years. We present an interpreted series of events based on analyses of these drill cores. Within minutes of the impact, centrally uplifted basement rock collapsed outward to forma peak ring capped in melt rock. Within tens of minutes, the peak ring was covered in ∼40 m of brecciated impact melt rock and coarsegrained suevite, including clasts possibly generated by melt–water interactions during ocean resurge. Within an hour, resurge crested the peak ring, depositing a 10-m-thick layer of suevite with increased particle roundness and sorting. Within hours, the full resurge deposit formed through settling and seiches, resulting in an 80-m-thick fining-upward, sorted suevite in the flooded crater. Within a day, the reflected rim-wave tsunami reached the crater, depositing a cross-bedded sand-to-fine gravel layer enriched in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons overlain by charcoal fragments. Generation of a deep crater open to the ocean allowed rapid flooding and sediment accumulation rates among the highest known in the geologic record. The high-resolution section provides insight into the impact environmental effects, including charcoal as evidence for impactinduced wildfires and a paucity of sulfur-rich evaporites from the target supporting rapid global cooling and darkness as extinction mechanisms.},
  issn = {0027-8424}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mrdkarlssonjohanna_2011,
  title = {Quality analysis of SRTM and HYDRO1K: a case study of flood inundation in Mozambique},
  author = {Mård Karlsson, Johanna and Arnberg, Wolter},
  year = {2011},
  journal = {International Journal of Remote Sensing},
  volume = {1},
  number = {32},
  pages = {267--285},
  doi = {10.1080/01431160903464112},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Informa UK Limited},
  abstract = {Many countries still lack national digital elevation models (DEMs) and have to rely on global datasets, which can negatively influence the reliability of flood model results. Mozambique is considered the most risk prone country for floods in Southern Africa. In this study a quality and accuracy assessment of two global DEMs (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and HYDRO1K) is presented for a simple static flood inundation model of lower Limpopo Basin. This is accomplished with a local fit and vertical accuracy assessment of global datasets on a local scale as well as simulations of flood extent in the floodplain carried out by filling the DEMs with water according to the 2000 flood event. The results from the vertical accuracy assessment show that global DEMs can be used on a local scale. However, flood simulations performed on original DEMs contain inadequacies and are misleading with both under-and overestimation of the flooded area, while simulation performed on locally fitted DEMs shows a better agreement with the actual event. This study clearly shows that DEMs with questionable accuracy and resolution should be used with great caution in flood inundation modelling because they could result in deceptive model predictions, and lead to devastating after-effects in risk prone areas.},
  issn = {0143-1161}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_schumanng_2010_1,
  title = {The direct use of radar satellites for event-specific flood risk mapping},
  author = {Schumann, G. and Di Baldassarre, G.},
  year = {2010},
  journal = {Remote Sensing Letters},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {75--84},
  doi = {10.1080/01431160903486685},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Informa UK Limited},
  issn = {2150-704X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dibaldassarregiuliano_2010_2,
  title = {Flood-plain mapping: a critical discussion of deterministic and probabilistic approaches},
  author = {Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Schumann, Guy and Bates, Paul D. and Freer, Jim E. and Beven, Keith J.},
  year = {2010},
  journal = {Hydrological Sciences Journal},
  volume = {3},
  number = {55},
  pages = {364--376},
  doi = {10.1080/02626661003683389},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Informa UK Limited},
  keywords = {flood-plain mapping; hydraulic models; flood hazard; uncertainty analysis; earth sciences},
  abstract = {Different methodologies for flood-plain mapping are analysed and discussed by comparing deterministic and probabilistic approaches using hydrodynamic numerical solutions. In order to facilitate the critical discussion, state-of-art techniques in the field of flood inundation modelling are applied to a specific test site (River Dee, UK). Specifically, different flood-plain maps are derived for this test site. A first map is built by applying an advanced deterministic approach: use of a fully two-dimensional finite element model (TELEMAC-2D), calibrated against a historical flood extent, to derive a 1-in-100 year flood inundation map. A second map is derived by using a probabilistic approach: use of a simple raster-based inundation model (LISFLOOD-FP) to derive an uncertain flood extent map predicting the 1-in-100 year event conditioned on the extent of the 2006 flood. The flood-plain maps are then compared and the advantages and disadvantages of the two different approaches are critically discussed.},
  issn = {0262-6667}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mukolwemicah_2016,
  title = {Testing new sources of topographic data for flood propagation modelling under structural, parameter and observation uncertainty},
  author = {Mukolwe, Micah and Yan, Kun and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Solomatine, Dimitri},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Hydrological Sciences Journal},
  volume = {9},
  number = {61},
  pages = {1707--1715},
  doi = {10.1080/02626667.2015.1019507},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Informa UK Limited},
  keywords = {uncertainty; topography; flood modelling; eudem; srtm},
  abstract = {This study assessed the utility of EUDEM, a recently released digital elevation model, to support flood inundation modelling. To this end, a comparison with other topographic data sources was performed (i.e. LIDAR, light detection and ranging; SRTM, Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission) on a 98-km reach of the River Po, between Cremona and Borgoforte (Italy). This comparison was implemented using different model structures while explicitly accounting for uncertainty in model parameters and upstream boundary conditions. This approach facilitated a comprehensive assessment of the uncertainty associated with hydraulic modelling of floods. For this test site, our results showed that the flood inundation models built on coarse resolutions data (EUDEM and SRTM) and simple one-dimensional model structure performed well during model evaluation.},
  issn = {0262-6667}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_fuentesandinodiana_2016,
  title = {Event and model dependent rainfall adjustments to improve discharge predictions},
  author = {Fuentes-Andino, Diana and Beven, Keith and Kauffeldt, Anna and Xu, Chong-Yu and Halldin, Sven and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Hydrological Sciences Journal},
  volume = {2},
  number = {62},
  pages = {232--245},
  doi = {10.1080/02626667.2016.1183775},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Informa UK Limited},
  keywords = {rainfall multiplier; rainfall input error; reliability of the predictions; precision of predictions; topmodel; floods; earth science with specialization in environmental analysis; geovetenskap med inriktning mot miljöanalys},
  abstract = {Most conceptual rainfall–runoff models use as input spatially averaged rainfall fields which are typically associated with significant errors that affect the model outcome. In this study, it was hypothesised that a simple spatially and temporally averaged event-dependent rainfall multiplier can account for errors in the rainfall input. The potentials and limitations of this lumped multiplier approach were explored by evaluating the effects of multipliers on the accuracy and precision of the predictive distributions. Parameter sets found to be behavioural across a range of different flood events were assumed to be a good representation of the catchment dynamics and were used to identify rainfall multipliers for each of the individual events. An effect of the parameter sets on identified multipliers was found; however, it was small compared to the differences between events. Accounting for event-dependent multipliers improved the reliability of the predictions. At the cost of a small decrease in precision, the distribution of identified multipliers for past events can be used to account for possible rainfall errors when predicting future events. By using behavioural parameter sets to identify rainfall multipliers, the method offers a simple and computationally efficient way to address rainfall errors in hydrological modelling.},
  issn = {0262-6667}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mazzolenimaurizio_2017,
  title = {Effects of levee cover strength on flood mapping in the case of levee breach due to overtopping},
  author = {Mazzoleni, Maurizio and Dottori, F. and Brandimarte, Luigia and Tekle, S. and Martina, M. L. V.},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Hydrological Sciences Journal},
  volume = {6},
  number = {62},
  pages = {892--910},
  doi = {10.1080/02626667.2016.1246800},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Taylor and Francis Ltd.},
  keywords = {flood propagation; levee breach; levee cover strength; overtopping; po river; economic and social effects; embankments; flood control; fluid dynamics; hydrodynamics; levees; probability; risk management; risk perception; rivers; conditional probabilities; levee breaches; one-dimensional hydrodynamic model; probabilistic methodology; two-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling; floods},
  abstract = {The reliability of a levee system is a crucial factor in flood risk management. In this study we present a probabilistic methodology to assess the effects of levee cover strength on levee failure probability, triggering time, flood propagation and consequent impacts on population and assets. A method for determining fragility curves is used in combination with the results of a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model to estimate the conditional probability of levee failure in each river section. Then, a levee breach model is applied to calculate the possible flood hydrographs, and for each breach scenario a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model is used to estimate flood hazard (flood extent and timing, maximum water depths) and flood impacts (economic damage and affected population) in the areas at risk along the river reach. We show an application for levee overtopping and different flood scenarios for a 98 km reach of the lower Po River in Italy. The results show how different design solutions for the levee cover can influence the probability of levee failure and the consequent flood scenarios. In particular, good grass cover strength can significantly delay levee failure and reduce maximum flood depths in the flood-prone areas, thus helping the implementation of flood risk management actions.},
  issn = {0262-6667}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ciulloalessio_2017,
  title = {Socio-hydrological modelling of flood-risk dynamics: comparing the resilience of green and technological systems},
  author = {Ciullo, Alessio and Viglione, Alberto and Castellarin, Attilio and Crisci, Massimiliano and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Hydrological Sciences Journal},
  volume = {6},
  number = {62},
  pages = {880--891},
  doi = {10.1080/02626667.2016.1273527},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Informa UK Limited},
  keywords = {flood risk; socio-hydrology; resilience; city of rome; people's republic of bangladesh},
  abstract = {This work aims to provide a dynamic assessment of flood risk and community resilience by explicitly accounting for variable human behaviour, e.g. risk-taking and awareness-raising attitudes. We consider two different types of socio-hydrological systems: green systems, whereby societies deal with risk only via non-structural measures, and technological systems, whereby risk is dealt with also by structural measures, such as levees. A stylized model of human-flood interactions is first compared to real-world data collected at two test sites (People's Republic of Bangladesh and the city of Rome, Italy) and then used to explore plausible trajectories of flood risk. The results show that flood risk in technological systems tends to be significantly lower than in green systems. However, technological systems may undergo catastrophic events, which lead to much higher losses. Furthermore, green systems prove to be more resilient than technological ones, which makes them more capable of withstanding environmental and social changes.},
  issn = {0262-6667}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_westerbergidak_2017,
  title = {Perceptual models of uncertainty for socio-hydrological systems: a flood risk change example},
  author = {Westerberg, Ida K. and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Beven, Keith and Coxon, Gemma and Krueger, Tobias},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Hydrological Sciences Journal},
  volume = {11},
  number = {62},
  pages = {1705--1713},
  doi = {10.1080/02626667.2017.1356926},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Informa UK Limited},
  keywords = {uncertainty; socio-hydrology; perceptual model; flood risk; change analysis},
  abstract = {Characterizing, understanding and better estimating uncertainties are key concerns for drawing robust conclusions when analyzing changing socio-hydrological systems. Here we suggest developing a perceptual model of uncertainty that is complementary to the perceptual model of the socio-hydrological system and we provide an example application to flood risk change analysis.Such a perceptual model aims to make all relevant uncertainty sources - and different perceptions thereof - explicit in a structured way. It is a first step to assessing uncertainty in system outcomes that can help to prioritize research efforts and to structure dialogue and communication about uncertainty in interdisciplinary work.},
  issn = {0262-6667}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_sikorskaannae_2017,
  title = {Appropriate temporal resolution of precipitation data for discharge modelling in pre-alpine catchments},
  author = {Sikorska, Anna E. and Seibert, Jan},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Hydrological Sciences Journal},
  volume = {1},
  number = {63},
  pages = {1--16},
  doi = {10.1080/02626667.2017.1410279},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD},
  keywords = {radar-based precipitation; station network precipitation; averaging length; uncertainty; bayesian methods; bucket-type model},
  abstract = {Precipitation time series with high temporal resolution are desired for hydrological modelling and flood studies. Yet the choice of an appropriate resolution is not straightforward because the use of too high a temporal resolution increases the data requirements, computational costs and, presumably, associated uncertainty, while performance improvement may be indiscernible. In this study, the effect of averaging hourly precipitation on model performance and associated uncertainty is investigated using two data sources: station network precipitation (SNP) and radar-based precipitation (RBP). From these datasets, time series of different temporal resolutions were generated, and runoff was simulated for 13 pre-alpine catchments with a bucket-type model. Our results revealed that different temporal resolutions were required for an acceptable model performance depending on the catchment size and data source. These were 1-12h for small (16-59km(2)), 3-21h for medium (60-200km(2)), and 24h for large (200-939km(2)) catchments.},
  issn = {0262-6667}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_futtermartyn_2018,
  title = {Flows and sediment dynamics in the Ganga River under present and future climate scenarios},
  author = {Futter, Martyn},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Hydrological Sciences Journal},
  number = {63},
  pages = {763--782},
  doi = {10.1080/02626667.2018.1447113},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Informa UK Limited},
  abstract = {Identification of factors controlling sediment dynamics under natural flow regimes can establish a baseline for quantifying effects of present day hydrological alteration and future climate change on sediment delivery and associated flooding. The process-based INCA-Sediment model was used to simulate Ganga River sediment transport under baseline conditions and to quantify possible future changes using three contrasting climate scenarios. Construction of barrages and canals has significantly altered natural flow regimes, with profound consequences for sediment transport. Projected increases in future monsoonal precipitation will lead to higher peak flows, increasing flood frequency and greater water availability. Increased groundwater recharge during monsoon periods and greater rates of evaporation due to increased temperature complicate projections of water availability in non-monsoon periods. Rainfall and land surface interaction in high-relief areas drive uncertainties in Upper Ganga sediment loads. However, higher monsoonal peak flows will increase erosion and sediment delivery in western and lower reaches.},
  issn = {0262-6667}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_okolikenechukwu_2018,
  title = {Model averaging versus model selection: estimating design floods with uncertain river flow data},
  author = {Okoli, Kenechukwu and Breinl, Korbinian and Brandimarte, Luigia and Botto, Anna and Volpi, Elena and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Hydrological Sciences Journal},
  volume = {13},
  number = {63},
  pages = {1913--1926},
  doi = {10.1080/02626667.2018.1546389},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Taylor & Francis},
  keywords = {model averaging; model selection; design flood; akaike information criterion},
  abstract = {This study compares model averaging and model selection methods to estimate design floods, while accounting for the observation error that is typically associated with annual maximum flow data. Model selection refers to methods where a single distribution function is chosen based on prior knowledge or by means of selection criteria. Model averaging refers to methods where the results of multiple distribution functions are combined. Numerical experiments were carried out by generating synthetic data using the Wakeby distribution function as the parent distribution. For this study, comparisons were made in terms of relative error and root mean square error (RMSE) referring to the 1-in-100 year flood. The experiments show that model averaging and model selection methods lead to similar results, especially when short samples are drawn from a highly asymmetric parent. Also, taking an arithmetic average of all design flood estimates gives estimated variances similar to those obtained with more complex weighted model averaging.},
  issn = {0262-6667}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_westerbergida_2018,
  title = {Reply to Discussion of "Perceptual models of uncertainty for socio-hydrological systems: a flood risk change example"(*)},
  author = {Westerberg, Ida and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Beven, Keith and Coxon, Gemma and Krueger, Tobias},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Hydrological Sciences Journal},
  volume = {13},
  number = {63},
  pages = {2001--2003},
  doi = {10.1080/02626667.2018.1547505},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Informa UK Limited},
  keywords = {uncertainty; socio-hydrology; perceptual model; flood risk; change analysis},
  abstract = {Ertsen discusses the representation of reality and uncertainty in our paper, raising three critical points. In response to the first, we agree that discussion of different interpretations of the concept of uncertainty is important when developing perceptual models - making different uncertainty interpretations explicit was a key motivation behind our method. Secondly, we do not, as Ertsen suggests, deny anyone who is not a "certified" scientist to have relevant knowledge. The elicitation of diverse views by discussing perceptual models is a basis for open discussion and decision making. Thirdly, Ertsen suggests that it is not useful to treat socio-hydrological systems as if they exist. We argue that we act as "pragmatic realists" in most practical applications by treating socio-hydrological systems as an external reality that can be known. But the uncertainty that arises from our knowledge limitations needs to be recognized, as it may impact on practical decision making and associated costs.},
  issn = {0262-6667}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_reynoldseduardo_2019,
  title = {Robustness of flood-model calibration using single and multiple events},
  author = {Reynolds, Eduardo and Halldin, Sven and Seibert, Jan and Xu, Chong-Yu and Grabs, Thomas J.},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Hydrological Sciences Journal},
  volume = {5},
  number = {65},
  pages = {842--853},
  doi = {10.1080/02626667.2019.1609682},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Oxon : Taylor & Francis},
  keywords = {floods; rainfall-runoff model; event-based calibration; value of information; ungauged basins; tropical climate; environmental science; hydrology},
  abstract = {Lack of discharge data for model calibration is challenging for flood prediction in ungauged basins. Since establishment and maintenance of a permanent discharge station is resource demanding, a possible remedy could be to measure discharge only for a few events. We tested the hypothesis that a few flood-event hydrographs in a tropical basin would be sufficient to calibrate a bucket-type rainfall-runoff model, namely the HBV model, and proposed a new event-based calibration method to adequately predict floods. Parameter sets were chosen based on calibration of different scenarios of data availability, and their ability to predict floods was assessed. Compared to not having any discharge data, flood predictions improved already when one event was used for calibration. The results further suggest that two to four events for calibration may considerably improve flood predictions with regard to accuracy and uncertainty reduction, whereas adding more events beyond this resulted in small performance gains.},
  issn = {0262-6667}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ridolfielena_2019,
  title = {Exploring the role of risk perception in influencing flood losses over time},
  author = {Ridolfi, Elena and Albrecht, Frederike and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Hydrological Sciences Journal},
  volume = {1},
  number = {65},
  pages = {12--20},
  doi = {10.1080/02626667.2019.1677907},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Milton Park, Oxfordshire : Taylor & Francis},
  keywords = {flood risk; socio-hydrology; resilience; risk awareness; cultural theory; statsvetenskap med inriktning mot krishantering och internationell samverkan; hydrology},
  abstract = {What implications do societies’ risk perceptions have for flood losses? This study uses a stylized, socio-hydrological model to simulate the mutual feedbacks between human societies and flood events. It integrates hydrological modelling with cultural theory and proposes four ideal types of society that reflect existing dominant risk perception and management: risk neglecting, risk monitoring, risk downplaying and risk controlling societies. We explore the consequent trajectories of flood risk generated by the interactions between floods and people for these ideal types of society over time. The results suggest that flood losses are substantially reduced when awareness-raising attitudes are promoted through inclusive, participatory approaches in the community. In contrast, societies that rely on top-down hierarchies and structural measures to protect settlements on floodplains may still suffer significant losses during extreme events. This study illustrates how predictions formed through social science theories can be applied and tested in hydrological modelling.},
  issn = {0262-6667}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_favamariaclara_2020,
  title = {Improving flood forecasting using an input correction method in urban models in poorly gauged areas},
  author = {Fava, Maria Clara and Mazzoleni, Maurizio and Abe, Narumi and Mendiondo, Eduardo Mario and Solomatine, Dimitri P.},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Hydrological Sciences Journal},
  volume = {7},
  number = {65},
  pages = {1096--1111},
  doi = {10.1080/02626667.2020.1729984},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Taylor & Francis Group},
  keywords = {data assimilation; semi-distributed model; flood modelling; physically-based model; swmm},
  abstract = {Poorly monitored catchments could pose a challenge in the provision of accurate flood predictions by hydrological models, especially in urbanized areas subject to heavy rainfall events. Data assimilation techniques have been widely used in hydraulic and hydrological models for model updating (typically updating model states) to provide a more reliable prediction. However, in the case of nonlinear systems, such procedures are quite complex and time-consuming, making them unsuitable for real-time forecasting. In this study, we present a data assimilation procedure, which corrects the uncertain inputs (rainfall), rather than states, of an urban catchment model by assimilating water-level data. Five rainfall correction methods are proposed and their effectiveness is explored under different scenarios for assimilating data from one or multiple sensors. The methodology is adopted in the city of Sao Carlos, Brazil. The results show a significant improvement in the simulation accuracy.},
  issn = {0262-6667}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_reynoldsjeduardo_2020,
  title = {Flood prediction using parameters calibrated on limited discharge data and uncertain rainfall scenarios},
  author = {Reynolds, J. Eduardo and Halldin, Sven and Seibert, Jan and Xu, Chong-Yu and Grabs, Thomas},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Hydrological Sciences Journal},
  volume = {9},
  number = {65},
  pages = {1512--1524},
  doi = {10.1080/02626667.2020.1747619},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Taylor & Francis},
  keywords = {floods; rainfall forecasts; rainfall-runoff modelling; event-based calibration; ungauged basins; value of information; risk and environmental studies; risk- och miljöstudier},
  abstract = {Discharge observations and reliable rainfall forecasts are essential for flood prediction but their availability and accuracy are often limited. However, even scarce data may still allow adequate flood forecasts to be made. Here, we explored how far using limited discharge calibration data and uncertain forcing data would affect the performance of a bucket-type hydrological model for simulating floods in a tropical basin. Three events above thresholds with a high and a low frequency of occurrence were used in calibration and 81 rainfall scenarios with different degrees of uncertainty were used as input to assess their effects on flood predictions. Relatively similar model performance was found when using calibrated parameters based on a few events above different thresholds. Flood predictions were sensitive to rainfall errors, but those related to volume had a larger impact. The results of this study indicate that a limited number of events can be useful for predicting floods given uncertain rainfall forecasts.},
  issn = {0262-6667}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_seibertjan_2020,
  title = {Flood-type trend analysis for alpine catchments},
  author = {Seibert, Jan},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Hydrological Sciences Journal},
  number = {65},
  pages = {1281--1299},
  doi = {10.1080/02626667.2020.1749761},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Informa UK Limited},
  abstract = {In many places, magnitudes and frequencies of floods are expected to increase due to climate change. To understand these changes better, trend analyses of historical data are helpful. However, traditional trend analyses do not address issues related to shifts in the relative contributions of rainfall versus snowmelt floods, or in the frequency of a particular flood type. We present a novel approach for quantifying such trends in time series of floods using a fuzzy decision tree for event classification and applied it to maximal annual and seasonal floods in 27 alpine catchments for the period 1980-2014. Trends in flood types were studied with Sen's slope and double mass curves. Our results reveal a decreasing number of rain-on-snow and an increasing number of short rainfall events in all catchments, with flash floods increasing in smaller catchments. Overall, the results demonstrate the value of incorporating a fuzzy flood-type classification into flood trend analyses.},
  issn = {0262-6667}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_michaelistamara_2020,
  title = {Capturing flood-risk dynamics with a coupled agent-based and hydraulic modelling framework},
  author = {Michaelis, Tamara and Brandimarte, Luigia and Mazzoleni, Maurizio},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Hydrological Sciences Journal},
  volume = {9},
  number = {65},
  pages = {1458--1473},
  doi = {10.1080/02626667.2020.1750617},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Informa UK Limited},
  keywords = {adaptation effect; agent-based model (abm); decision making; levee effect; lisflood; cost benefit analysis; dynamics; embankments; flood control; levees; risk assessment; risk management; flood protection; flood risk management; hydrological system; individual behaviour; individual decision making; protection motivation theory; temporal dynamics; two-way interaction; floods},
  abstract = {Two-way interactions and feedback between hydrological and social processes in settled floodplains determine the complex human–flood system and change vulnerability over time. To focus on the dynamic role of individual and governmental decision making on flood-risk management, we developed and implemented a coupled agent-based and hydraulic modelling framework. Within this framework, household agents are located in a floodplain protected by a levee system. Individual behaviour is based on Protection Motivation Theory and includes the options to (1) not react to flood risk; (2) implement individual flood protection measures; or (3) file a complaint to the government. The government decides about reinforcing the levee system, compromising between a cost-benefit analysis and filed complaints from households. We found that individual decision making can significantly influence flood risk. In addition, the coupled agent-based and hydraulic modelling framework approach captures commonly observed socio-hydrological dynamics, namely levee and adaptation effects. It provides an explanatory tool for assessing spatial and temporal dynamics of flood risk in a socio-hydrological system.},
  issn = {0262-6667}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mazzolenimaurizio_2023,
  title = {Modelling flood awareness in floodplain dynamics},
  author = {Mazzoleni, Maurizio and Brandimarte, Luigia},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Hydrological Sciences Journal},
  volume = {4},
  number = {68},
  pages = {604--613},
  doi = {10.1080/02626667.2023.2177543},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Informa UK Limited},
  keywords = {flood awareness decay; flood losses; human–flood dynamics; socio-hydrology; system dynamics},
  abstract = {Societal awareness is a crucial factor driving floodplain dynamics. When modelling these dynamics, flood awareness decay is considered constant. However, empirical studies have shown that the intensity of an experienced event can influence awareness decay. Here we explore and model the influence of variable flood awareness decay on flood losses for two types of societies that cope with flooding by adopting structural (techno society) or nonstructural (green society) protection measures. We modified an established socio-hydrological model and performed three synthetic experiments with multiple scenarios of flood awareness decay, flood intensity, and frequency. We found that, when modelling techno societies, assuming a constant awareness decay leads to underestimating societal flood awareness after severe flood events. In contrast, overestimation of flood awareness occurs when using constant awareness decay for green societies. This might lead to overestimating the effects of human–flood dynamics, such as the levee effect and adaptation effects. },
  issn = {0262-6667}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_chevaliermathieu_2019,
  title = {Planktonic diatom community dynamics in a tropical flood-pulse lake: the Tonle Sap (Cambodia)},
  author = {Chevalier, Mathieu},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Diatom Research},
  number = {34},
  pages = {1--22},
  doi = {10.1080/0269249X.2019.1585960},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {E Schweizerbart Science Publishers / Taylor & Francis: STM, Behavioural Science and Public Health Titles},
  abstract = {It has been proposed that, within flood-pulse systems, seasonally dynamic conditions promote extremely high levels of biodiversity. In this paper, we aim to understand how variation in environmental conditions and habitat availability, across space and time, influences the structure and composition of plankton diatom communities within the Tonle-Sap Lake (Cambodia) during two flood-pulse cycles. We hypothesize that (i) communities vary considerably across space and time, (ii) environmental filtering accounts for a substantial portion of the variation in community composition, and (iii) shifts in meta-community structure occur seasonally, due to variation in both environmental conditions and habitat availability. A principal component analysis and a permutational multivariate analysis of variance were used to characterize spatio-temporal variations in environmental conditions, community structure and composition. Determinants of community variations across space were identified by redundancy analyses and variation partitioning, while seasonal changes in meta-community structure were assessed by investigating temporal changes in beta-diversity. Our results indicate that (i) spatial variations in community structure and composition are largely influenced by the seasonal flood-pulse, (ii) environmental filtering is the most likely process driving the compositional changes, and (iii) changes in diatom life-form community provide insights into the hydrological functioning of the Tonle Sap. We conclude that the survey of diatom communities may constitute a relevant sensor of hydrological change in the system and could be used to derive regionally specific hypotheses about how global climate change is impacting the lake's functioning.},
  issn = {0269-249X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_derijkechris_2025,
  title = {A systematic review of the blue-green infrastructure’s role and relevance in the mitigation and management of climate-induced hazards in x-minute cities},
  author = {de Rijke, Chris and Lim, Nancy Joy and Iqbal, Asifa and Brandt, S. Anders and Sahlin, Eva A. U.},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Planning Practice & Research},
  doi = {10.1080/02697459.2025.2516529},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Taylor & Francis Group},
  keywords = {x-minute cites; blue-green infrastructure; hazard management; urban planning; resilience; sustainable urban development; hållbar stadsutveckling},
  abstract = {This paper investigates how x-minute cities consider climate-related hazard management, blue-green infrastructure (BGI) and resilience to climate change challenges. It is important to analyse these concepts together as they are often studied individually. A systematic literature review reveals that climate hazard studies are mostly limited to flooding, water quality and the urban heat island effect. Additionally, BGI needs to be considered and included in sustainable urban development. Finally, the concept of x-minute cities should enhance resilience equitably across all communities. This research highlights the importance of a comprehensive assessment of these concepts in understanding the effects of new urban development.},
  issn = {0269-7459}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_wuaiping_2019,
  title = {Faster response to water level increase facilitates Salix cavaleriei survival in Lake Erhai},
  author = {Wu, Ai Ping and Zhao, Ya-Xuan and Qi, Liang-Yu and Zhu, Guo-Rong and Chen, Fa-Lin and Liang, Yun-Shan and Cao, Te and Zhong, Wen},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Journal of Freshwater Ecology},
  volume = {1},
  number = {34},
  pages = {469--480},
  doi = {10.1080/02705060.2018.1542352},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Taylor & Francis},
  abstract = {The roles that adventitious roots play in flooding tolerance have been well-studied in willows, while which of the maximum height of adventitious roots and the abundance of adventitious roots in willows is more important for their flooding tolerance is not well known. In this study, we analyzed the effects of adventitious roots on the flooding tolerance of Salix cavaleriei by comparing the maximum height of adventitious roots and the abundance of adventitious roots in dead and live willows along a flooding gradient from 0 to 180 cm in Lake Erhai, China. The results showed that willow mortality increased drastically when the water depth suffered by willows exceeded 100 cm. Live willows developed more adventitious roots and produced them higher on the trees compared with dead willows, however, the pest infestation percentage of the dead willows was larger. Additionally, both the maximum height and the abundance of adventitious roots in live willows were significantly correlated with water depth, whereas in deadwillows, these variables were not significantly correlated or only weakly correlated with water depth. The results indicate that producing adventitious roots higher on the trees may be more important than developing abundant adventitious roots lower on the trees when S. cavaleriei is subjected to high flooding levels. Our data highlight that a faster adventitious root response promotes this species’ survival under flood stress, although pest infestation accounts for a small percentage of willow mortality. Accordingly, we should choose those willows that can develop more abundant adventitious roots and higher on the stems to plant in regions with abrupt water-level fluctuations.},
  issn = {0270-5060}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_lambeckkurt_2008,
  title = {Constraints on the Late Saalian to early Middle Weichselian ice sheet of Eurasia from field data and rebound modelling},
  author = {Lambeck, Kurt and Purcell, Anthony and Funder, Svend and Kjaer, Kurt and Larsen, Eiliv and Möller, Per},
  year = {2008},
  journal = {Boreas},
  volume = {3},
  number = {35},
  pages = {539--575},
  doi = {10.1080/03009480600781875},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: John Wiley & Sons Inc.},
  abstract = {Using glacial rebound models we have inverted observations of crustal rebound and shoreline locations to estimate the ice thickness for the major glaciations over northern Eurasia and to predict the palaeo-topography from late MIS-6 ( the Late Saalian at c. 140 kyr BP) to MIS-4e ( early Middle Weichselian at c. 64 kyr BP). During the Late Saalian, the ice extended across northern Europe and Russia with a broad dome centred from the Kara Sea to Karelia that reached a maximum thickness of c. 4500 m and ice surface elevation of c. 3500 m above sea level. A secondary dome occurred over Finland with ice thickness and surface elevation of 4000 m and 3000 m, respectively. When ice retreat commenced, and before the onset of the warm phase of the early Eemian, extensive marine flooding occurred from the Atlantic to the Urals and, once the ice retreated from the Urals, to the Taymyr Peninsula. The Baltic - White Sea connection is predicted to have closed at about 129 kyr BP, although large areas of arctic Russia remained submerged until the end of the Eemian. During the stadials (MIS-5d, 5b, 4) the maximum ice was centred over the Kara - Barents Seas with a thickness not exceeding c. 1200 m. Ice-dammed lakes and the elevations of sills are predicted for the major glacial phases and used to test the ice models. Large lakes are predicted for west Siberia at the end of the Saalian and during MIS-5d, 5b and 4, with the lake levels, margin locations and outlets depending inter alia on ice thickness and isostatic adjustment. During the Saalian and MIS-5d, 5b these lakes overflowed through the Turgay pass into the Aral Sea, but during MIS-4 the overflow is predicted to have occurred north of the Urals. West of the Urals the palaeo-lake predictions are strongly controlled by whether the Kara Ice Sheet dammed the White Sea. If it did, then the lake levels are controlled by the topography of the Dvina basin with overflow directed into the Kama-Volga river system. Comparisons of predicted with observed MIS-5b lake levels of Komi Lakefavour models in which the White Sea was in contact with the Barents Sea.},
  issn = {1502-3885}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_irannezhadm_2018,
  title = {Impacts of changes in climate and land cover-land use on flood characteristics in Gorganrood Watershed (Northeastern Iran) during recent decades},
  author = {Irannezhad, M. and Minaei, M. and Ahmadian, S. and Chen, Deliang},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Geografiska Annaler Series a-Physical Geography},
  volume = {4},
  number = {100},
  pages = {340--350},
  doi = {10.1080/04353676.2018.1515578},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Informa UK Limited},
  keywords = {climate change; land use-land cover; flood characteristics; peak-over-threshold; iran; river-basin; runoff; urbanization; catchment; rainfall; variability; streamflow; events; quebec},
  abstract = {This study evaluated the effects of changes in climate and land cover-land use (LCLU) on flood intensity and frequency in the Gorganrood Watershed (GW) located in the northeast of Iran during recent decades. For this purpose, hydroclimatic (precipitation, temperature, and river discharge) time series recorded at nine stations placed in the GW during 1973-2014 were used. Flood characteristics in terms of mean, maximum and number of peaks at five discharge stations (Galikash, Gonbad, Huji Ghushan, Tamar, and Tangrah) sited in the outlet of GW sub-basins were determined applying the Peak-Over-Threshold (POT) method to daily specific discharges. This is designed to remove the effect of the different size of sub-basins. The whole study period was divided into three 14-years segments (1973-1986, 1987-2000 and 2001-2014) based on satellite LCLU maps produced for 1973, 1986, 2000 and 2014. In the GW and its sub-basins during recent decades, both flood intensity and frequency increased, the climate became wetter and warmer, and LCLU mostly converted from rangeland to farmland. The partial correlation analyses identified that flood frequency in GW was primarily connected to the LCLU conversions, but moderately to observed wetter and warmer climate. Similarly, the Tamar sub-basin experienced effects of LCLU and climate on the maximum and the number of peaks. In Haji Ghushan, wetter and warmer climate resulted in more intense and frequent floods. Increases in precipitation appear to have played the most important role in the higher flood frequency in Galikash.},
  issn = {0435-3676}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_yengohgenesistambang_2016,
  title = {Floods in the Douala metropolis, Cameroon: attribution to changes in rainfall characteristics or planning failures?},
  author = {Yengoh, Genesis Tambang and Fogwe, Zephania N. and Armah, Frederick Ato},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Journal of Environmental Planning and Management},
  volume = {2},
  number = {60},
  pages = {204--230},
  doi = {10.1080/09640568.2016.1149048},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Taylor & Francis},
  abstract = {With urban populations worldwide expected to witness substantial growth over the next decades, pressure on urban land and resources is projected to increase in response. For policy-makers to adequately meet the challenges brought about by changes in the dynamics of urban areas, it is important to clearly identify and communicate their causes. Floods in Douala (the most densely populated city in the central African sub-region), are being associated chiefly with changing rainfall patterns, resulting from climate change in major policy circles. We investigate this contention using statistical analysis of daily rainfall time-series data covering the period 1951–2008, and tools of geographic information systems. Using attributes such as rainfall anomalies, trends in the rainfall time series, daily rainfall maxima and rainfall intensity–duration–frequency, we find no explanation for the attribution of an increase in the occurrences and severity of floods to changing rainfall patterns. The culprit seems to be the massive increase in the population of Douala, in association with poor planning and investment in the city's infrastructure. These demographic changes and poor planning have occurred within a physical geography setting that is conducive for the inducement of floods. Failed urban planning in Cameroon since independence set the city up for a flood-prone land colonization. This today translates to a situation in which large portions of the city's surface area and the populations they harbor are vulnerable to the city's habitual annual floods. While climate change stands to render the city even more vulnerable to floods, there is no evidence that current floods can be attributed to the changes in patterns of rainfall being reported in policy and news domains.},
  issn = {0964-0568}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_darabihamid_2021,
  title = {Development of a novel hybrid multi-boosting neural network model for spatial prediction of urban flood},
  author = {Darabi, Hamid and Rahmati, Omid and Naghibi, Seyed Amir and Mohammadi, Farnoush and Ahmadisharaf, Ebrahim and Kalantari, Zahra and Torabi Haghighi, Ali and Soleimanpour, Seyed Masoud and Tiefenbacher, John P. and Tien Bui, Dieu},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Geocarto International},
  volume = {19},
  number = {37},
  pages = {5716--5741},
  doi = {10.1080/10106049.2021.1920629},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Informa UK Limited},
  keywords = {boosting; gis; neural networks; urban planning},
  abstract = {In this study, a new hybridized machine learning algorithm for urban flood susceptibility mapping, named MultiB-MLPNN, was developed using a multi-boosting technique and MLPNN. The model was tested in Amol City, Iran, a data-scarce city in an ungauged area which is prone to severe flood inundation events and currently lacks flood prevention infrastructure. Performance of the hybridized model was compared with that of a standalone MLPNN model, random forest and boosted regression trees. Area under the curve, efficiency, true skill statistic, Matthews correlation coefficient, misclassification rate, sensitivity and specificity were used to evaluate model performance. In validation, the MultiB-MLPNN model showed the best predictive performance. The hybridized MultiB-MLPNN model is thus useful for generating realistic flood susceptibility maps for data-scarce urban areas. The maps can be used to develop risk-reduction measures to protect urban areas from devastating floods, particularly where available data are insufficient to support physically based hydrological or hydraulic models.},
  issn = {1010-6049}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_martinssonevy_1996,
  title = {Geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Palaeoproterozoic, nickel-copper bearing Lainijaur intrusion, northern Sweden},
  author = {Martinsson, Evy},
  year = {1996},
  journal = {GFF},
  volume = {2},
  number = {118},
  pages = {97--109},
  doi = {10.1080/11035899609546234},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Informa UK Limited},
  keywords = {flood basalt; gabbro complex; lainijaur; magmatic differentiation; ni-cu ore; palaeoproterozoic; skellefte district; sweden; malmgeologi; ore geology},
  abstract = {The Ni‐Cu ore bearing Lainijaur intrusion is situated in the northern part of the Palaeoproterozoic Skellefte ore district in northern Sweden. The lowest part of the intrusion is composed of gabbroic rocks that pass upwards into granodiorite. At the bottom of the gabbro, two linear, pyrrhotite dominated, sulphide bodies occur. Geochemical data indicate a comagmatic suite, including olivine gabbro, ophitic gabbro, quartz diorite, and granodiorite. The olivine gabbro is a cumulate of olivine, pyroxene, and plagioclase. Analytical data of the remaining parts of the suite show a consistent differentiation trend when plotted in variation diagrams. The different rock types were emplaced during several pulses of magma injection; the gabbroic rocks formed first. The cumulative olivine gabbro, containing the highest amounts of sulphides, was not formed in situ, but accumulated and was transported from a deeper magma chamber. The parent magma was a Cu‐ and Ni‐rich, low‐Ti tholeiite with a flat REE‐pattern; in classification diagrams exhibiting an LKT to WPB character. North of the Skellefte district, several other intrusions are found which exhibit similarities to Lainijaur. Available data indicate that they were formed in an extensional environment at the end of the major 1890–1870 Ma magmatic event in the area.},
  issn = {1103-5897}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_guineabarrientoshctorestuardo_2014_1,
  title = {Stakeholders' views towards flood risk management in the Paz River catchment area of Guatemala and El Salvador},
  author = {Guinea Barrientos, Héctor Estuardo and Swain, Ashok},
  year = {2014},
  journal = {Local Environment},
  volume = {8},
  number = {20},
  pages = {892--907},
  doi = {10.1080/13549839.2013.874986},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Abingdon, Oxon : Routledge},
  keywords = {floods; flood management; stakeholder workshops; scenario building},
  abstract = {The river Paz is a transboundary river that flows through Guatemala and El Salvador. Its frequent floods endanger the lives and livelihoods of downstream communities. Attempts have previously been made to develop flood management programmes for this watershed. However, these approaches were generally made by high-level governmental institutions with few if any contributions from floodplain communities and other stakeholders. Recognising that public consultation is a key aspect in flood management programmes, we intend in this work to extract different stakeholders' views regarding current and future flooding and flood management programmes in the Paz River basin. This is achieved using Future Scenarios Workshops with a projected time horizon of 30 years. The exercise was expected to identify consensual short- and medium–long-term flood management strategies for the Paz River basin that draws on input from inhabitants of flood-prone areas and other stakeholders.},
  issn = {1354-9839}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_limnancyjoy_2015,
  title = {Visualisation and evaluation of flood uncertainties based on ensemble modelling},
  author = {Lim, Nancy Joy and Brandt, S. Anders and Seipel, Stefan},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {International Journal of Geographical Information Science},
  volume = {2},
  number = {30},
  pages = {240--262},
  doi = {10.1080/13658816.2015.1085539},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Taylor & Francis},
  keywords = {visualisation; uncertainty; flood; ensemble modelling; decision-making; computerized image processing; datoriserad bildbehandling},
  abstract = {This study evaluates how users incorporate visualisation of flood uncertainty information in decision-making. An experiment was conducted where participants were given the task to decide building locations, taking into account homeowners’ preferences as well as dilemmas imposed by flood risks at the site. Two general types of visualisations for presenting uncertainties from ensemble modelling were evaluated: (1) uncertainty maps, which used aggregated ensemble results; and (2) performance bars showing all individual simulation outputs from the ensemble. Both were supplemented with either two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) contextual information, to give an overview of the area.The results showed that the type of uncertainty visualisation was highly influential on users’ decisions, whereas the representation of the contextual information (2D or 3D) was not. Visualisation with performance bars was more intuitive and effective for the task performed than the uncertainty map. It clearly affected users’ decisions in avoiding certain-to-be-flooded areas. Patterns to which the distances were decided from the homeowners’ preferred positions and the uncertainties were similar, when the 2D and 3D map models were used side by side with the uncertainty map. On the other hand, contextual information affected the time to solve the task. With the 3D map, it took the participants longer time to decide the locations, compared with the other combinations using the 2D model.Designing the visualisation so as to provide more detailed information made respondents avoid dangerous decisions. This has also led to less variation in their overall responses.},
  issn = {1365-8816}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_seipelstefan_2017,
  title = {Color map design for visualization in flood risk assessment},
  author = {Seipel, Stefan and Lim, Nancy Joy},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {International Journal of Geographical Information Science},
  volume = {11},
  number = {31},
  pages = {2286--2309},
  doi = {10.1080/13658816.2017.1349318},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Taylor & Francis},
  keywords = {color scales; ensemble modeling; flood maps; user study; visualization; sustainable urban development; hållbar stadsutveckling},
  abstract = {Visualizations of flood maps from simulation models are widely used for assessing the likelihood of flood hazards in spatial planning. The choice of a suitable type of visualization as well as efficient color maps is critical to avoid errors or bias when interpreting the data. Based on a review of previous flood uncertainty visualization techniques, this paper identifies areas of improvements and suggests criteria for the design of a task-specific color scale in flood map visualization. We contribute a novel color map design for visualizing probabilities and uncertainties from flood simulation ensembles. A user study encompassing 83 participants was carried out to evaluate the effects of this new color map on user’s decisions in a spatial planning task. We found that the type of visualization makes a difference when it comes to identification of non-hazardous sites in the flood risk map and when accepting risks in more uncertain areas. In comparison with two other existing visualization techniques, we observed that the new design was superior both in terms of task compliance and efficiency. In regions with uncertain flood statuses, users were biased toward accepting less risky locations with our new color map design.},
  issn = {1365-8816}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_lyonstevew_2018,
  title = {Lessons learned from monitoring the stable water isotopic variability in precipitation and streamflow across a snow-dominated subarctic catchment},
  author = {Lyon, Steve W. and Ploum, Stefan W. and van der Velde, Ype and Rocher-Ros, Gerard and Mörth, Carl-Magnus and Giesler, Reiner},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine research},
  volume = {1},
  number = {50},
  pages = {1},
  doi = {10.1080/15230430.2018.1454778},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Taylor & Francis},
  keywords = {catchment hydrology; stable water isotopes; tracers; spring flood; freshet},
  abstract = {This empirical study explores shifts in stable water isotopic composition for a subarctic catchment located in northern Sweden as it transitions from spring freshet to summer low flows. Relative changes in the isotopic composition of streamflow across the main catchment and fifteen nested subcatchments are characterized in relation to the isotopic composition of precipitation. With our sampling campaign, we explore the variability in stream-water isotopic composition that originates from precipitation as the input shifts from snow to rain and as landscape flow pathways change across scales. The isotopic similarity of high-elevation snowpack water and early season rainfall water seen through our sampling scheme made it difficult to truly isolate the impact of seasonal precipitation phase change on stream-water isotopic response. This highlights the need to explicitly consider the complexity of arctic and alpine landscapes when designing sampling strategies to characterize hydrological variability via stable water isotopes. Results show a potential influence of evaporation and source water mixing both spatially (variations with elevation) and temporally (variations from post-freshet to summer flows) on the composition of stream water across Miellajokka. As such, the data collected in this empirical study allow for initial conceptualization of the relative importance of, for example, hydrological connectivity within this mountainous, subarctic landscape.},
  issn = {1523-0430}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_vanderwalren_2025,
  title = {Waterlogging of soil induces diverging rates of senescence in Svalbard reindeer forage plants},
  author = {Van Der Wal, René},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research},
  number = {57},
  pages = {57},
  doi = {10.1080/15230430.2024.2441002},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Informa UK Limited},
  abstract = {As climate change is unfolding faster in the Arctic than in any other biome, thermal and hydrological changes are predicted to reshape Arctic ecosystems. Water availability is expected to affect the end of the plant growth season, a time period essential for accretion of fat stores in Arctic herbivores, influencing their survival. We experimentally tested how different levels of soil moisture influenced timing and rate of senescence of a grass (Alopecurus ovatus), forb (Bistorta vivipara) and dwarf shrub (Salix polaris), important forage plants for a keystone herbivore, Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus). Moderately increased soil moisture slightly delayed the timing of senescence in the forb and shrub. However, waterlogging reduced the growing season of the forb and shrub but considerably extended that of the grass. In "saturated" (waterlogged) plots, 40 percent of initial grass biomass remained green until the end of the experiment (onset of snow and frost), compared to <10 percent in "elevated soil moisture" and "control" plots. These results indicate that soil moisture moderates rates of plant senescence, with some species benefiting from saturated soils. Waterlogging soils may extend the time period over which flood-resilient grasses senesce, to the nutritional benefit of Arctic herbivores such as Svalbard reindeer.},
  issn = {1523-0430}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_eversmariele_2013,
  title = {Coherence and inconsistency of European instruments for integrated river basin management},
  author = {Evers, Mariele and Nyberg, Lars},
  year = {2013},
  journal = {International Journal of River Basin Management},
  number = {11},
  pages = {139--152},
  doi = {10.1080/15715124.2013.811416},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Taylor & Francis},
  keywords = {integrated river basin management; european directives; coherence of management; water quality; flood risk management; sustainable development; geo-science},
  abstract = {Large rivers are particularly under pressure due to multiple uses which often have severe impacts on ecosystems, or water quality and flow. Conflicting aims and a lack of integration and cooperation in planning and management are not beneficial to sustainable management. Important elements of integrated river basin management (IRBM) include both water quality aspects and floodplain and flood risk management. On the other hand, land use and land use planning are also both of great importance for sustainable river management. However, water management and land use planning are generally treated as two distinct issues in planning procedures and decision-making processes. Even water quality and flood risk issues are often handled by different authorities. Integrated management of transnational river basins is even more complicated and difficult. In Europe, there is a range of relevant Directives such as the Water Framework Directive, Floods Directive and Habitat Directive. This paper illustrates how these legal and planning instruments influence the IRBM of large rivers. It analyses the potential synergies of the goals outlined in the directives and various related measures. Coherent but also inconsistent aspects of IRBM are identified against six different dimensions: political intention, legal, geographical, management, socio-economic and sustainability. The analysis shows potentials for synergies but also potential inconsistencies. We show that directives must be carefully coordinated to ensure coherent management and that synergies and site-specific goals, such as target areas, are important for sustainable management. Possible methodologies are described. IRBM can be considered as one possible approach towards sustainable development by coordinating different policies.},
  issn = {1571-5124}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bevenkeithj_2014_1,
  title = {Communicating uncertainty in flood inundation mapping: a case study},
  author = {Beven, Keith J. and Lamb, Rob and Leedal, Dave and Hunter, Neil},
  year = {2014},
  journal = {International Journal of River Basin Management},
  volume = {3},
  number = {13},
  pages = {285--295},
  doi = {10.1080/15715124.2014.917318},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Informa UK Limited},
  abstract = {An important issue in taking account of uncertainty in flood inundation mapping is the communication of the meaning of the outputs from an uncertainty analysis. In part this is because uncertainty estimation in this domain is not a simple statistical problem in that it involves knowledge uncertainties as well as statistical (aleatory) uncertainties in most of the important sources of uncertainty (estimated upstream discharges, effective roughness coefficients, flood plain and channel geometries and infrastructure, choice of model, fragility of defences, etc.). Thus, assumptions are required associated with the knowledge or lack of knowledge about these different sources of uncertainty. A framework has been developed in the form of a sequence of condition trees to help define these assumptions. Since stakeholders in the process can potentially be involved in making and recording decisions about those assumptions the framework also serves as a means of communicating the assumptions. Recording the decisions also serves to provide an audit trail for later evaluation of the decisions and hence the resulting analysis. Communication can also be helped in this type of spatial problem by effective visualization techniques and a visualization tool has been developed for both a web-based service using Google Maps™ and a desktop application using the Matlab™ numerical package.},
  issn = {1571-5124}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_knutssonjesper_2025,
  title = {Real-time control of retention basins for stormwater management and Rainwater Reuse},
  author = {Knutsson, Jesper},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Urban Water Journal},
  volume = {6},
  number = {22},
  pages = {706--717},
  doi = {10.1080/1573062X.2025.2496958},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {real-time control (rtc); rainwater harvesting; forecast-based control (fbc); urban water resilience; hydrological modeling; stormwater management},
  abstract = {This study examines the potential of transforming stormwater retention basins into multifunctional systems for flood mitigation and rainwater harvesting, addressing urban challenges of flood risk and sustainable water management. By integrating real-time control (RTC) mechanisms, the research explores how traditional basins can serve dual purposes. A Python-based hydrological model tested forecast-based control (FBC) strategies against rule-based and business-as-usual (BAU) systems. In a case study from Gothenburg, Sweden, FBC reduced overflow volumes by up to 50% compared to rule-based control and met up to 95% of water reuse demand. Experimental validation showed strong agreement between simulated and observed data, highlighting the benefits of FBC in optimizing water discharge and reuse. These results demonstrate the feasibility of repurposing existing retention basins into multifunctional infrastructure, offering environmental and economic advantages while enhancing urban water resilience.},
  issn = {1744-9006}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_blazkovas_2009,
  title = {Uncertainty in flood estimation},
  author = {Blazkova, S and Beven, Keith J.},
  year = {2009},
  journal = {Structure and Infrastructure Engineering},
  volume = {4},
  number = {5},
  pages = {325--332},
  doi = {10.1080/15732470701189514},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Informa UK Limited},
  keywords = {floods; uncertainty; glue; topmodel; earth sciences},
  abstract = {The objective of this contribution is to form a clear picture of uncertainties we encounter in flood estimation, including both real-time flood forecasting and simulation for flood risk estimation. In simulation, we prefer the thesis of equifinality to obtain global optima. Many models producing acceptable simulations can be considered as multiple working hypotheses about the system process representations. Some of those hypotheses might later be confirmed or rejected, given additional data. In GLUE (Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation) the parameter sets are sampled randomly from physically reasonable ranges, often using uniform sampling where there is no strong information about prior expectations of parameter values. The parameter sets are then used to generate different realizations of the model outputs, which are then evaluated using some criteria (measures of likelihood) to provide a weight associated with each parameter set. Likelihood here is used in a much broader sense than in statistical inference. If some limits of effective observation error can be specified prior to running any simulations, models predicting outside of those limits can then be rejected as non-behavioural. Thus, any model evaluation of this type needs to take account of the multiple sources of model error more explicitly. This, however, is difficult for realistic cases. The procedure for the GLUE methodology is illustrated in examples. Usability for practical problems is suggested and future development is outlined.},
  issn = {1573-2479}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_moonwoosok_2021,
  title = {River Nile discharge, the Pacific Ocean and world climate - a seasonal synchronization perspective},
  author = {Moon, Woosok and Hannachi, Abdel},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Tellus. Series A, Dynamic meteorology and oceanography},
  volume = {1},
  number = {73},
  pages = {1--12},
  doi = {10.1080/16000870.2021.1947551},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Stockholm University Press},
  keywords = {planetary geostrophic motion; quasi-geostrophic motion; multi-scale analysis},
  abstract = {The Nile is the longest river in Africa stretching over around 6650 km through 11 countries. From the times of the ancient Egyptian Pharaonic civilization, the Nile is known to be a blessing, which provides major resources including water and fertile soil for agriculture, and facilitates transportations and international trades in nearby countries. Due to its invaluable importance to local economy and agriculture, it is undoubtedly of paramount importance to know how the variability of the Nile is controlled by local and global climate and its morphological characteristics. Here, we utilize a newly developed time-series analysis method applied to monthly Nile river inflow data to reveal various factors changing the river inflow from seasonal to inter-annual, decadal and beyond. On seasonal time-scales a positive feedback, associated mostly with river's morphological change driven by summer precipitation, is identified as a main mechanism for maximal variability in September leading to major flooding or drought. In particular, the positive feedback is quite similar in its mechanism to major climate feedbacks observed, e.g. with ice albedo and Bjerknes feedbacks. The slow time-evolution of the positive feedback explains human endeavour history to control nature, such as the control of the Nile annual flooding through dam construction. The analysis of climate association reveals clear link with large-scale and low-frequency forcing. Decadal and multi-decadal timescales of local precipitation and associated teleconnection with atmospheric and oceanic circulation can be traced back to the Pacific Ocean, and involve mostly the El-Nino Southern Oscillation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation.},
  issn = {0280-6495}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_younghannahr_2019,
  title = {Event Attribution science in adaptation decision-making: the context of extreme rainfall in urban Senegal},
  author = {Young, Hannah R. and Cornforth, Rosalind J. and Gaye, Amadou T. and Boyd, Emily},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Climate and Development},
  volume = {9},
  number = {11},
  pages = {812--824},
  doi = {10.1080/17565529.2019.1571401},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Taylor & Francis},
  abstract = {Event attribution assesses the effect of climate change on individual extreme events. While scientists have suggested that results could be relevant for climate adaptation policy, this has had little empirical investigation, particularly in developing regions. Taking the case of Senegal, the national adaptation policy context regarding extreme precipitation and flooding in urban areas, and the scientific information needed to support this policy is investigated using key informant interviews, a workshop and document analysis. Flooding in Senegal was found to be viewed primarily as an urban planning concern rather than a climate change issue, with actions to address the impacts focussing on current vulnerabilities of urban communities without considering changing climate risks. While stakeholders thought event attribution might be useful to inform about climate change impacts and future risks of extreme events, it is unclear whether there would be an opportunity for this at present, due to the limited role climate information has in adaptation decision-making. While addressing vulnerability to extremes is necessary whether or not the risk is climate change-related, if long-term planning is to be resilient then knowledge about future changes in risks of extremes will need to be considered, even if individual events are not attributed to climate change.},
  issn = {1756-5529}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_nyangokobarakap_2022,
  title = {Community perceptions of climate change and ecosystem-based adaptation in the mangrove ecosystem of the Rufiji Delta, Tanzania},
  author = {Nyangoko, Baraka P. and Berg, Håkan and Mangora, Mwita M. and Shalli, Mwanahija S. and Gullström, Martin},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Climate and Development},
  volume = {10},
  number = {14},
  pages = {896--908},
  doi = {10.1080/17565529.2021.2022449},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Informa UK Limited},
  keywords = {climate change; mangroves; ecosystem services; ecosystem-based adaptation; rufiji delta; tanzania},
  abstract = {Mangroves are increasingly recognized for their role in supporting adaptation to climate change and variability. However, knowledge about how climate change and variability affect mangrove ecosystem services (MES) and their role in supporting coastal communities to adaption is limited in Tanzania. We used participatory rural appraisal methods and field observations to explore local communities' perceptions of climate change and variability, and ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) strategies in the mangroves of the Rufiji Delta, Tanzania. Decrease in rainfall, increased temperatures, coastal flooding, and the incidence of sea level rise were identified as key variables associated with a changing climate in the delta. Perceived climatic stresses included damaged fish breeding sites, altered climate regulation and a decrease in coastal protection and flood control. Decline in crop, fish and honey production were perceived as the main impacts on community livelihoods, although there were significant differences across occupational groups. Dependence on MES in times of shocks, such as when agriculture production fails, switching of occupation, crop diversification, fishing in deep waters and migration to other areas provided potential adaptation options. Although the reported perceptions related to climate change or variability are not explicit, they both have negative consequences to mangrove dependent communities' livelihoods. },
  issn = {1756-5529}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_wamslerchristine_2022,
  title = {Activating transformation: integrating interior dimensions of climate change in adaptation planning},
  author = {Wamsler, Christine and Mulligan, Joe and Bukachi, Vera and Mumbi, Charity},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Climate and Development},
  volume = {5},
  number = {15},
  pages = {366--378},
  doi = {10.1080/17565529.2022.2089089},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Informa UK Limited},
  keywords = {citizen participation; climate change adaptation; disaster risk reduction; emotions; inner transformation; mindsets; paradigms},
  abstract = {The increasing number and complexity of urban risk and disasters have a significant bearing on the emotional and mental wellbeing of those who are exposed and hamper their responses. Nevertheless, current discourses and approaches to increase resilience tend to focus on broader socio-economic, physical and environmental systems. This reflects a failure by the academic and practitioner communities to consider the potential contribution of human interior dimensions in adaptation planning. Concomitantly, a growing body of knowledge highlights the need to bridge the gap between internal and external (systems) approaches for achieving sustainable transformations. Against this background, this article aims to increase knowledge on the operationalization of such more integrative approaches in marginal settings. Based on a case study of a flood adaptation project in Kibera, Kenya, we assess the need and potential ways to address interior dimensions in the context of project planning, design and implementation. We show how the integration of such dimensions occurs in existing adaptation projects and why this matters. On this basis, we provide methodological and operational recommendations regarding ways to support more integrative approaches that bridge subjective, intersubjective, objective and interobjective perspectives to support transformation. },
  issn = {1756-5529}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_nevesjosloureno_2022,
  title = {Flood risk assessment under population growth and urban land use change in Matola, Mozambique},
  author = {Neves, José Lourenço and Sellick, Tanja Katharina and Hasan, Abdulghani and Pilesjö, Petter},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {African Geographical Review},
  volume = {5},
  number = {42},
  pages = {539--559},
  doi = {10.1080/19376812.2022.2076133},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Informa UK Limited},
  keywords = {flood hazard; flood risk; matola},
  abstract = {Matola, a major Mozambican city, has witnessed flooding, mainly caused by rainfall. The study aims to produce flood-hazard and flood-risk maps for Matola using the hydrological model TFM-DYN. For 2000, 2020, and 2040, the modeled extent of medium-risk area is 50.6 km2 (13.7%), 44.8 km2 (12.2%), and 39.0 km2 (10.6%) and of high-risk area is 43.3 km2 (11.8%), 31.8 km2 (8.6%), and 28.9 km2 (7.8%), respectively. In 2000, 61,978.4 inhabitants were exposed to medium-risk and 53,036.8 to high-risk. In 2020, 130,628.3 inhabitants were vulnerable to medium-risk and 92,722.8 to high-risk. By 2040, 203,999.8 inhabitants will face medium-risk and 151,169.1 high-flood-risk},
  issn = {1937-6812}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hedelinbeatrice_2015,
  title = {Examining the benefits of collaboration: the Provider-User Matrix for collaborative flood risk management illustrated by the case of the Ljusnan River, Sweden},
  author = {Hedelin, Beatrice and Hjerpe, Mattias},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Journal of Natural Resources Policy Research},
  number = {1},
  pages = {53--69},
  doi = {10.1080/19390459.2014.977539},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Routledge},
  keywords = {benefit; collaboration; flood management; shared ownership; water resources; risk- och miljöstudier; risk and environmental studies},
  abstract = {This paper examines the benefits of collaboration in flood risk management by introducing a Provider-User Matrix. The matrix is illustrated through a Swedish case of polycentric decision-making. In the Swedish case the users have not yet benefited from collaboration-benefits such as a more advanced understanding of the flood response system or from sharing detailed hydrological data; benefits that should be easily implemented. The Provider-User Matrix offers both a more holistic way to study benefits and a way to start raising the efficiency of collaboration, by identifying mismatches between the benefits provided and the benefits that users need.},
  issn = {1939-0459}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_nzabonantumaleonard_2025,
  title = {Flood susceptibility mapping in the Nyabarongo Catchment, Rwanda, based on data analysis and modeling},
  author = {Nzabonantuma, Leonard and Nduwayezu, Gilbert and Naghibi, Amir and Nilsson, Erik and Wali, Umaru Garba and Larson, Magnus},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk},
  volume = {1},
  number = {16},
  pages = {1},
  doi = {10.1080/19475705.2025.2556987},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Taylor & Francis},
  abstract = {Rwanda’s Nyabarongo catchment frequently experiences floods, highlighting the need for effective flood susceptibility analysis and management. This study mapped flood susceptibility in the catchment using the random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) models, as well as various conditioning factors including elevation, curvature, aspect, distance to river (DTRiver), Distance to road (DTRoad), normalized difference vegetation index, slope, curve number, topographic wetness index (TWI) and rainfall. RF was the best performing model with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.968 and an F1-score of 0.92, demonstrating its high performance and robustness in flood susceptibility analysis. In addition, RF, combined with SHAP, provided both robust and interpretable results. The study found that DTRiver, TWI, DTRoad, and slope had the highest influence on model predictions, while curve number had the least. RF classified the area into five floodsusceptibility classes: very high (6%), high (9.6%), moderate (15.1%), low (26.6%), and very low (42.7%), accurately reflecting environmental and geo-topographic conditions. Based on these findings, mitigation measures can be designed to reduce flood risk in the Nyabarongo catchment. Additionally, the models have potential for application across Rwanda to improve flood susceptibility management and could be adapted for use globally.},
  issn = {1947-5705}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_alavaishaedmond_2022,
  title = {Supply and demand of ecosystem services among smallholder farmers in irrigated and rainfed farming, Kilombero, Tanzania},
  author = {Alavaisha, Edmond and Lindborg, Regina},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Ecosystems and People},
  volume = {1},
  number = {18},
  pages = {661--671},
  doi = {10.1080/26395916.2022.2143571},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Informa UK Limited},
  keywords = {ecosystem services; supply and demand; irrigation; rainfed farming; farming practices},
  abstract = {A sufficient supply of ecosystem services (ESs) in agriculture provides the basis for human sustainable development. Intensified large-scale farming has changed wetland ecosystems extensively by reducing both the resilience and capacity to support production of many ESs. Small-scale farming may also affect the generation of ESs where the impact often reflects the differences in farming practices. This paper explores the supply and demand of the ESs between management practices, irrigated and rainfed, of smallholder farmers in Kilombero wetland, Tanzania. We conducted interviews involving 30 households and two focus groups with five discussants for each practice, rainfed and irrigation. Generally, we found that the need for ES, especially food, water and flood control, in both farming practices, were exceeding the capacity to supply. In general, irrigation farming compared to rainfed farming was associated with higher levels of food production, increasing flood regulation and erosion control. However, the ES delivery and need were not uniform depending on the river discharge. The differences in supply and demand of ESs between farming practices suggest that society would benefit from investing in irrigation and regulatory infrastructures to minimize flooding risk and to build up the ecosystem’s natural capacity to produce services. Such practical policy-relevant measures could balance the gap between supply and demand of ESs in smallholder farming systems in Tanzanian wetland. },
  issn = {2639-5908}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_knightjr_2017,
  title = {Global meteorological influences on the record UK rainfall of winter 2013-14},
  author = {Knight, J. R. and Maidens, A. and Watson, P. A. G. and Andrews, M. and Belcher, S. and Brunet, G. and Fereday, D. and Folland, Chris K. and Scaife, A. A. and Slingo, J.},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Environmental Research Letters},
  volume = {7},
  number = {12},
  pages = {7},
  doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/aa693c},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: IOP Publishing},
  keywords = {winter 2013-14; floods; uk rainfall; atmospheric circulation; rossby waves; climate change; quasi-biennial oscillation; climate-change; flood risk; circulation; generation; impacts; weather; england; precipitation; temperatures; environmental sciences & ecology; meteorology & atmospheric sciences},
  abstract = {The UK experienced record average rainfall in winter 2013-14, leading to widespread and prolonged flooding. The immediate cause of this exceptional rainfall was a very strong and persistent cyclonic atmospheric circulation over the North East Atlantic Ocean. This was related to a very strong North Atlantic jet stream which resulted in numerous damaging wind storms. These exceptional meteorological conditions have led to renewed questions about whether anthropogenic climate change is noticeably influencing extreme weather. The regional weather pattern responsible for the extreme UK winter coincided with highly anomalous conditions across the globe. We assess the contributions from various possible remote forcing regions using sets of ocean-atmosphere model relaxation experiments, where winds and temperatures are constrained to be similar to those observed in winter 2013-14 within specified atmospheric domains. We find that influences from the tropics were likely to have played a significant role in the development of the unusual extra-tropical circulation, including a role for the tropical Atlantic sector. Additionally, a stronger and more stable stratospheric polar vortex, likely associated with a strong westerly phase of the stratospheric Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO), appears to have contributed to the extreme conditions. While intrinsic climatic variability clearly has the largest effect on the generation of extremes, results from an analysis which segregates circulation-related and residual rainfall variability suggest that emerging climate change signals made a secondary contribution to extreme rainfall in winter 2013-14.},
  issn = {1748-9326}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_livseyjohn_2019,
  title = {Do alternative irrigation strategies for rice cultivation decrease water footprints at the cost of long-term soil health?},
  author = {Livsey, John and Kätterer, Thomas and Vico, Giulia and Lyon, Steve W. and Lindborg, Regina and Scaini, Anna and Da, Chau Thi and Manzoni, Stefano},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Environmental Research Letters},
  volume = {7},
  number = {14},
  pages = {7},
  doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/ab2108},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: IOP Publishing},
  keywords = {alternate wetting and drying; mid-season drainage; soil organic carbon; rice; carbon dioxide; methane; nitrous oxide},
  abstract = {The availability of water is a growing concern for flooded rice production. As such, several water-saving irrigation practices have been developed to reduce water requirements. Alternate wetting and drying and mid-season drainage have been shown to potentially reduce water requirements while maintaining rice yields when compared to continuous flooding. With the removal of permanently anaerobic conditions during the growing season, water-saving irrigation can also reduce CO2 equivalent (CO2eq) emissions, helping reduce the impact of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, the long-term impact of water-saving irrigation on soil organic carbon (SOC)-used here as an indicator of soil health and fertility-has not been explored. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to assess the effects of common water-saving irrigation practices (alternate wetting and drying and mid-season drainage) on (i) SOC, and (ii) GHG emissions. Despite an extensive literature search, only 12 studies were found containing data to constrain the soil C balance in both continuous flooding and water-saving irrigation plots, highlighting the still limited understanding of long-term impacts of water-saving irrigation on soil health and GHG emissions. Water-saving irrigation was found to reduce emissions of CH4 by 52.3% and increased those of CO2 by 44.8%. CO2eq emissions were thereby reduced by 18.6% but the soil-to-atmosphere carbon (C) flux increased by 25% when compared to continuous flooding. Water-saving irrigation was also found to have a negative effect on both SOC-reducing concentrations by 5.2%-and soil organic nitrogen-potentially depleting stocks by more than 100 kgN/ha per year. While negative effects of water-saving irrigation on rice yield may not be visible in short-term experiments, care should be taken when assessing the long-term sustainability of these irrigation practices because they can decrease soil fertility. Strategies need to be developed for assessing the more long-term effects of these irrigation practices by considering trade-offs between water savings and other ecosystem services.},
  issn = {1748-9326}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_lenderinkgeert_2019,
  title = {Systematic increases in the thermodynamic response of hourly precipitation extremes in an idealized warming experiment with a convection-permitting climate model},
  author = {Lenderink, Geert and Belušić, Danijel and Fowler, Hayley J and Kjellström, Erik and Lind, Petter and van Meijgaard, Erik and van Ulft, Bert and de Vries, Hylke},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Environmental Research Letters},
  volume = {7},
  number = {14},
  pages = {74012--74012},
  doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/ab214a},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: IOP Publishing},
  abstract = {Changes in sub-daily precipitation extremes potentially lead to large impacts of climate change due to their influence on soil erosion, landslides, and flooding. However, these changes are still rather uncertain, with only limited high-resolution results available and a lack of fundamental knowledge on the processes leading to sub-daily extremes. Here, we study the response of hourly extremes in a convection-permitting regional climate model (CPRCM) for an idealized warming experiment—repeating present-day observed weather under warmer and moister conditions. Ten months of simulation covering summer and early autumn for two domains over western Central Europe and western Mediterranean are performed. In general, we obtain higher sensitivities to warming for local-scale extreme precipitation at the original grid-scale of 2.5–3 km than for aggregated analyses at a scale of 12–15 km, representative for currently conventional regional climate models. The grid-scale sensitivity over sea, and in particular over the Mediterranean Sea, approaches 12%–16% increase per degree, close to two times the Clausius–Clapeyron (CC) relation. In contrast, over the dry parts of Spain the sensitivity is close to the CC rate of 6%–7% per degree. For other land areas, sensitivities are in between these two values, with a tendency for the cooler and more humid areas to show lower scaling rates for the most intense hourly precipitation, whereas the land area surrounding the Mediterranean Sea shows the opposite behaviour with the largest increases projected for the most extreme hourly precipitation intensities. While our experimental setup only estimates the thermodynamic response of extremes due to moisture increases, and neglects a number of large-scale feedbacks that may temper future increases in precipitation extremes, some of the sensitivities reported here reflect findings from observational trends. Therefore, our results can provide guidance within which to understand recent observed trends and for future climate projections with CPRCMs.},
  issn = {1748-9326}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_charpentierljungqvistfredrik_2019,
  title = {European warm-season temperature and hydroclimate since 850 CE},
  author = {Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik and Seim, Andrea and Krusic, Paul J. and González-Rouco, Jesús Fidel and Werner, Johannes P. and Cook, Edward R. and Zorita, Eduardo and Luterbacher, Jürg and Xoplaki, Elena and Destouni, Georgia and García-Bustainante, Elena and Aguilar, Camilo Andrés Melo and Seftigen, Kristina and Wang, Jianglin and Gagen, Mary H. and Esper, Jan and Solomina, Olga and Fleitmann, Dominik and Büntgen, Ulf},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Environmental Research Letters},
  volume = {8},
  number = {14},
  pages = {8},
  doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/ab2c7e},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: IOP Publishing},
  keywords = {climate variability; climate model simulations; gridded climate reconstructions; hydroclimate; europe; past millennium; tree-ring data; tree-ring width; last millennium; global drought; growth; model; simulations; responses; cmip5; reconstructions; environmental sciences & ecology; meteorology & atmospheric sciences},
  abstract = {The long-term relationship between temperature and hydroclimate has remained uncertain due to the short length of instrumental measurements and inconsistent results from climate model simulations. This lack of understanding is particularly critical with regard to projected drought and flood risks. Here we assess warm-season co-variability patterns between temperature and hydroclimate over Europe back to 850 CE using instrumental measurements, tree-ring based reconstructions, and climate model simulations. We find that the temperature-hydroclimate relationship in both the instrumental and reconstructed data turns more positive at lower frequencies, but less so in model simulations, with a dipole emerging between positive (warm and wet) and negative (warm and dry) associations in northern and southern Europe, respectively. Compared to instrumental data, models reveal a more negative co-variability across all timescales, while reconstructions exhibit a more positive co-variability. Despite the observed differences in the temperature-hydroclimate co-variability patterns in instrumental, reconstructed and model simulated data, we find that all data types share relatively similar phase-relationships between temperature and hydroclimate, indicating the common influence of external forcing. The co-variability between temperature and soil moisture in the model simulations is overestimated, implying a possible overestimation of temperature-driven future drought risks.},
  issn = {1748-9326}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_breinlkorbinian_2020,
  title = {Extreme dry and wet spells face changes in their duration and timing},
  author = {Breinl, Korbinian and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Mazzoleni, Maurizio and Lun, David and Vico, Giulia},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Environmental Research Letters},
  volume = {7},
  number = {15},
  pages = {7},
  doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/ab7d05},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: IOP Publishing},
  keywords = {extreme dry spells; extreme wet spells; change in duration; change in timing; climate change; global analysis; global trends},
  abstract = {Dry spells are sequences of days without precipitation. They can have negative implications for societies, including water security and agriculture. For example, changes in their duration and within-year timing can pose a threat to food production and wildfire risk. Conversely, wet spells are sequences of days with precipitation above a certain threshold, and changes in their duration and within-year timing can impact agriculture, flooding or the prevalence of water-related vector-borne diseases. Here we assess changes in the duration and within-year timing of extreme dry and wet spells over 60 years (1958-2017) using a consistent global land surface precipitation dataset of 5093 rain gauge locations. The dataset allowed for detailed spatial analyses of the United States, Europe and Australia. While many locations exhibit statistically significant changes in the duration of extreme dry and wet spells, the changes in the within-year timing are less often significant. Our results show consistencies with observations and projections from state-of-the-art climate and water resources research. In addition, we provide new insights regarding trends in the timing of extreme dry and wet spells, an aspect being equally important for possible future implications of extremes in a changing climate, which has not yet received the same level of attention and is characterized by larger uncertainty.},
  issn = {1748-9326}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_satohisashi_2020,
  title = {Simulating interactions between topography, permafrost, and vegetation in Siberian larch forest},
  author = {Sato, Hisashi and Kobayashi, Hideki and Beer, Christian and Fedorov, Alexander},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Environmental Research Letters},
  volume = {9},
  number = {15},
  pages = {9},
  doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/ab9be4},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: IOP Publishing},
  keywords = {permafrost; siberian larch; topmodel},
  abstract = {In eastern Siberia, topography controls the abundance of the larch forest via both drought and flooding stresses. For the reconstruction of these topographical effects, we modified a dynamic vegetation model to represent soil water relocation owing to within-grid heterogeneity of elevation, over-wet-kill of trees, and air temperature differences within-grid. After calibration, the model reasonably reconstructed the geographical distributions of observation-based-estimates of fundamental properties of plant productivity and thermo-hydrology. Thus, the model appropriately responded to environmental gradients in eastern Siberia. The modified model also partially reconstructed the topography control on tree abundance and thermo-hydrology status in eastern Siberia, although its geographical distribution was not always good. In the modified model, soil water redistribution increased the risk of over-wet-kill in lower elevation classes, whereas it reduced the risk of over-wet-kill for larch trees in higher elevation classes. We demonstrated that without considering the latter effect, forest collapse due to over-wet stress would happen throughout eastern Siberia under a forecasted climatic condition during the 21st century, which will deliver a much moister environment throughout eastern Siberia. Therefore, modeling the over-wet-kill of trees without considering topographical heterogeneity would result in the overestimation of forest collapse caused by the over-wet-kill of trees under an expected climate trend in eastern Siberia.},
  issn = {1748-9326}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_tabarihossein_2020,
  title = {The contribution of anthropogenic influence to more anomalous extreme precipitation in Europe},
  author = {Tabari, Hossein and Madani, Kaveh and Willems, Patrick},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Environmental Research Letters},
  volume = {10},
  number = {15},
  pages = {10},
  doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/abb268},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: IOP Publishing},
  keywords = {extreme precipitation anomaly; latitudinal pattern; anthropogenic contribution; anthropocene; climate change},
  abstract = {Anthropogenic influences can modulate the low-frequency variability of extreme precipitation and increase the likelihood of flooding events. It is not, however, clear how much and in what manner the low-frequency variability has changed in recent decades as global warming has intensified. Here, we investigate the contribution of anthropogenic influences to the time evolution of extreme precipitation anomalies in different seasons using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) and CMIP5 model simulations and observations over Europe. Our results show a latitudinal dependence of changes in extreme precipitation anomalies for all seasons due to anthropogenic impacts. While the contribution of anthropogenic influences to extreme precipitation anomalies at low latitudes (<50 degrees) is less than 8% in all seasons, it goes up to 26% and 41% at mid (50 degrees-60 degrees) and high (>60 degrees) latitudes. Without the offsetting effect of anthropogenic aerosols, anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases alone should have produced larger anomalies than observed. For all seasons, the more extreme the precipitation, the larger the anthropogenic influences.},
  issn = {1748-9326}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_zhangjie_2021,
  title = {Improving the snowpack monitoring in the mountainous areas of Sweden from space: a machine learning approach},
  author = {Zhang, Jie and Pohjola, Veijo and Pettersson, Rickard and Norell, Björn and Wolf-Dietrich, Marchand and Clemenzi, Ilaria and Gustafsson, David},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Environmental Research Letters},
  volume = {8},
  number = {16},
  pages = {8},
  doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/abfe8d},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP)},
  abstract = {Under a warming climate, an improved understanding of the water stored in snowpacks is becoming increasingly important for hydropower planning, flood risk assessment and water resource management. Due to inaccessibility and a lack of ground measurement networks, accurate quantification of snow water storage in mountainous terrains still remains a major challenge. Remote sensing can provide dynamic observations with extensive spatial coverage, and has proved a useful means to characterize snow water equivalent (SWE) at a large scale. However, current SWE products show very low quality in the mountainous areas due to very coarse spatial resolution, complex terrain, large spatial heterogeneity and deep snow. With more high-quality satellite data becoming available from the development of satellite sensors and platforms, it provides more opportunities for better estimation of snow conditions. Meanwhile, machine learning provides an important technique for handling the big data offered from remote sensing. Using the overuman Catchment in Northern Sweden as a case study, this paper explores the potentials of machine learning for improving the estimation of mountain snow water storage using satellite observations, topographic factors, land cover information and ground SWE measurements from the spatially distributed snow survey. The results show that significantly improved SWE estimation close to the peak of snow accumulation can be achieved in the catchment using the random forest regression. This study demonstrates the potentials of machine learning for better understanding the snow water storage in mountainous areas.},
  issn = {1748-9326}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_smitha_2021,
  title = {Evidence for the effectiveness of nature-based solutions to water issues in Africa},
  author = {Smith, A. and Charters, L. and Tickner, D. and Opperman, J. and Acreman, Samuel and Edwards, F. and Sayers, P. and Chivava, F.},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Environmental Research Letters},
  volume = {6},
  number = {16},
  pages = {6},
  doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/ac0210},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: IOP Publishing},
  keywords = {africa; floods; forests; nature-based solutions; water quality; water resources; wetlands; biodiversity; conservation; economic and social effects; reforestation; restoration; urban growth; water pollution; carbon sequestration; constructed wetlands; floodplain wetlands; headwater wetlands; non-native species; systematic review; water quantities; wetland restoration; rivers; environmental issue; water planning},
  abstract = {There is increasing global interest in employing nature-based solutions, such as reforestation and wetland restoration, to help reduce water risks to economies and society, including water pollution, floods, droughts and water scarcity, that are likely to become worse under future climates. Africa is exposed to many such water risks. Nature-based solutions for adaptation should be designed to benefit biodiversity and can also provide multiple co-benefits, such as carbon sequestration. A systematic review of over 10 000 publications revealed 150 containing 492 quantitative case studies related to the effectiveness of nature-based solutions for downstream water quantity and water quality (including sediment load) in Africa. The solutions assessed included landscape-scale interventions and patterns (forests and natural wetlands) and site-specific interventions (constructed wetlands and urban interventions e.g. soakaways). Consistent evidence was found that nature-based solutions can improve water quality. In contrast, evidence of their effectiveness for improving downstream water resource quantity was inconsistent, with most case studies showing a decline in water yield where forests (particularly plantations of non-native species) and wetlands are present. The evidence further suggests that restoration of forests and floodplain wetlands can reduce flood risk, and their conservation can prevent future increases in risk; in contrast, this is not the case for headwater wetlands. Potential trade-offs identified include nature-based solutions reducing flood risk and pollution, whilst decreasing downstream water resource quantity. The evidence provides a scientific underpinning for policy and planning for nature-based solutions to water-related risks in Africa, though implementation will require local knowledge. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.},
  issn = {1748-9318}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_qiw_2022,
  title = {Economic growth dominates rising potential flood risk in the Yangtze River and benefits of raising dikes from 1991 to 2015},
  author = {Qi, W. and Feng, L. and Yang, H. and Liu, J. and Zheng, Y. and Shi, H. and Wang, L. and Chen, Deliang},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Environmental Research Letters},
  volume = {3},
  number = {17},
  pages = {3},
  doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/ac5561},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: IOP Publishing},
  keywords = {economic exposure; flood risk; hydrological extreme; yangtze river; climate change; climate models; economic and social effects; ecosystems; flood control; food supply; levees; rivers; watersheds; economic growths; flood defence; flood risks; gross domestic product growths; gross domestic products; hydrological extremes; socio-economic development; yangtze river basin; floods},
  abstract = {Flooding in the Yangtze River Basin could severely damage socio-economic development, river ecosystems, food security, hydropower production and transportation in China. The Yangtze River Basin accounts for approximately 30% of China's gross domestic product (GDP) and is an engine for the country's rapid economic growth. One commonly held belief is that climate change has intensified extreme flood events, leading to increasing economic damage in the Yangtze River. Here, we quantitatively attributed economic exposure to climate change (i.e. climate-induced changes in weather-related events) and GDP growth, and assessed benefits, i.e. the reduction in economic exposure, from flood defence dikes of varying heights. To do this, we developed a framework by combing a large scale hydrological model, a hydraulic model, and long-term GDP data. We find that climate-induced changes in flood inundation area and resulted economic exposure were decreasing overall, whereas GDP growth drove the increases of potential economic exposure to floods. We also reveal that the basin average flood defence dikes should be at least approximately 3.5 m high to achieve an about ten-year average flood occurrence. Our results have significant policy and socioeconomic development implications. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.},
  issn = {1748-9318}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_materiduan_2022,
  title = {Presence of nanoplastics in rural and remote surface waters},
  author = {Materić, Dušan and Peacock, Mike and Dean, Joshua and Futter, Martyn and Maximov, Trofim and Moldan, Filip and Röckmann, Thomas and Holzinger, Rupert and Peacock, Michael},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Environmental Research Letters},
  volume = {5},
  number = {17},
  pages = {54036--54036},
  doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/ac68f7},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Göteborg : IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet},
  keywords = {nanoplastics; ptr-ms; td-ptr-ms; microplastics},
  abstract = {It is now established that microplastics are a pervasive presence in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The same is assumed to be true for nanoplastics but data are lacking due to technical difficulties associated with sample analysis. Here, we measured nanoplastics in waterbodies at two contrasting sites: remote Siberian Arctic tundra and a forest landscape in southern Sweden. Nanoplastics were detected in all sampled Swedish lakes (n = 7) and streams (n = 4) (mean concentration = 563 μg l-1) and four polymer types were identified (polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate). In Siberia nanoplastics were detected in 7/12 sampled lakes, ponds and surface flooding, but only two polymer types were detected (polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene) and concentrations were lower (mean 51 μg l-1). Based on back-calculation of air mass trajectories and particle dispersion, we infer that nanoplastics arrive at both sites by aerial deposition from local and regional sources. Our results suggest that nanoplastics may be a near-ubiquitous presence even in remote ecosystems.},
  issn = {1748-9326}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_gainanimeshk_2022,
  title = {Overcoming challenges for implementing nature-based solutions in deltaic environments: insights from the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta in Bangladesh},
  author = {Gain, Animesh K. and Rahman, Mohammed Mofizur and Sadik, Md Shibly and Adnan, Mohammed Sarfaraz Gani and Ahmad, Sate and Ahsan, Shaiikh Muhammad Mehedi and Ashik-Ur-Rahman, Md and Balke, Thorsten and Datta, Dilip K. and Dewan, Camelia and Huq, Nazmul and Khan, M Shah Alam and Large, Andy and Mallick, Bishawjit and Mohibbullah, M. and Mondal, M. Shahjahan and Narayan, Siddharth and Rabbani, Golam and Rahman, Rezaur and Renaud, Fabrice G. and Rogers, Kimberly G. and van Loon-Steensma, Jantsje M.},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Environmental Research Letters},
  volume = {6},
  number = {17},
  pages = {6},
  doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/ac740a},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP)},
  keywords = {hydrology; hydrologi},
  abstract = {The Ganges-Brahmaputra (GB) delta is one of the most disaster-prone areas in the world due to a combination of high population density and exposure to tropical cyclones, floods, salinity intrusion and other hazards. Due to the complexity of natural deltaic processes and human influence on these processes, structural solutions like embankments are inadequate on their own for effective hazard mitigation. This article examines nature-based solutions (NbSs) as a complementary or alternative approach to managing hazards in the GB delta. We investigate the potential of NbS as a complementary and sustainable method for mitigating the impacts of coastal disaster risks, mainly cyclones and flooding. Using the emerging framework of NbS principles, we evaluate three existing approaches: tidal river management, mangrove afforestation, and oyster reef cultivation, all of which are actively being used to help reduce the impacts of coastal hazards. We also identify major challenges (socioeconomic, biophysical, governance and policy) that need to be overcome to allow broader application of the existing approaches by incorporating the NbS principles. In addition to addressing GB delta-specific challenges, our findings provide more widely applicable insights into the challenges of implementing NbS in deltaic environments globally.},
  issn = {1748-9326}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kruczkiewiczandrew_2022,
  title = {Multiform flood risk in a rapidly changing world: what we do not do, what we should and why it matters},
  author = {Kruczkiewicz, Andrew and Cian, Fabio and Monasterolo, Irene and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Caldas, Astrid and Royz, Moriah and Glasscoe, Margaret and Ranger, Nicola and van Aalst, Maarten},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Environmental Research Letters},
  volume = {8},
  number = {17},
  pages = {8},
  doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/ac7ed9},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Institute of Physics (IOP)},
  keywords = {disaster risk; floods; climate policy; climate change; extreme events; flash floods; compound events},
  issn = {1748-9326}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_lixp_2023,
  title = {Large-scale circulation dominated precipitation variation and its effect on potential water availability across the Tibetan Plateau},
  author = {Li, X. P. and Wang, L. and Chen, Deliang and Thompson, L. and Yang, K. and Zhong, S. Y. and Liu, L. and Xu, Z. X. and Song, L.},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Environmental Research Letters},
  volume = {7},
  number = {18},
  pages = {7},
  doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/acdd15},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: IOP Publishing},
  keywords = {large-scale circulation; duration; intensity; precipitation; surface; runoff; tibetan plateau; summer monsoon; onset; withdrawal; variables; rainfall; impact; south; environmental sciences & ecology; meteorology & atmospheric sciences},
  abstract = {The large-scale circulation, Indian summer monsoon (ISM), has a strong influence on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) since its onset and intensity have profound impacts on regional precipitation, which then can supply water for glaciers, lakes, rivers and social demands. Weakening monsoon intensity and longer monsoon duration seem contradictory, as a weaker monsoon tends to produce less precipitation, while a longer duration increases the probability of precipitation. Past research has focused on how ISM's intensity affects precipitation, with little consideration of the impacts of ISM duration. Here, we investigate the long-term (1979-2100) variability in the ISM's duration and intensity. We find a prolonged ISM from 1979 to 2018, accompanied by monsoon weakening. Different combinations of duration and intensity have resulted in different spatial patterns of precipitation across the southeastern TP. Weakening and prolonged ISM is helpful to produce more precipitation around the southeastern TP, with intensity acting as a dominant control. Afterwards, an obvious impact can be found on potential water availability. Climate projections suggest that the ISM will weaken and lengthen until 2100, thereby increasing precipitation and potential water availability across the southeastern TP. This long-term trend should receive more attentions as increased regional extreme precipitation will increase the probability of flood risks until the end of this century.},
  issn = {1748-9326}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_yichuixiang_2025,
  title = {Principles for guiding future research on resilience and tipping points},
  author = {Yi, Chuixiang and Rietkerk, Max and Anderies, John M. and Chen, Deliang and Dakos, Vasilis and Ritchie, Paul D.L. and Rocha, Juan and Milkoreit, Manjana and Quinn, Courtney},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Environmental Research Letters},
  volume = {3},
  number = {20},
  pages = {3},
  doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/adb7f3},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: IOP Publishing},
  keywords = {ball-and-cup model; fokker-planck equation; resilience index; resilience potential; stochastic shifts; tipping behavior},
  abstract = {The world is currently experiencing a series of dramatic changes, from the consequences of global warming, flooding, forest fires, and drought-induced forest mortality to the COVID-19 pandemic and geopolitical conflicts. These events have elevated the concepts of resilience and tipping points into widespread use across various disciplines. However, each discipline often interprets and defines these concepts differently, leading to inconsistencies and misunderstandings.David Hilbert once remarked, 'Mathematics is the foundation of all exact knowledge of natural phenomena.' This insight is particularly relevant when discussing resilience and tipping points, as both are deeply rooted in dynamical systems theory. Dynamical systems theory offers a rigorous mathematical framework for understanding complex systems. Thus, a systems perspective is essential for maintaining consistency in how these concepts are defined and applied. Such consistency is crucial for advancing our understanding and improving predictions of real-world systems.},
  issn = {1748-9326}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_woroukoffi_2025,
  title = {Compounding droughts and floods amplify socio-economic impacts},
  author = {Worou, Koffi and Messori, Gabriele},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Environmental Research Letters},
  volume = {10},
  number = {20},
  pages = {10},
  doi = {10.1088/1748-9326/adfe82},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP)},
  keywords = {hazard; disaster; drought; flood; compound; impact; geovetenskap med inriktning mot miljöanalys; earth science with specialization in environmental analysis; meteorologi; meteorology; earth science with specialization in physical geography; geovetenskap med inriktning mot naturgeografi},
  abstract = {In recent years, compound climate and weather extremes have received significant attention due to the heightened threat they pose to the environment, human societies, and the economy. This study investigates the impacts of compound drought-flood (CDF) extremes using data from two widely-used disaster databases: the Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT) and its geocoded version (GDIS), along with the DesInventar database. The analysis covers the period from 1960 to 2018, consistent with GDIS' temporal coverage. CDF events are defined as instances where drought and flood hazards occur concurrently or sequentially, with a flood taking place during a drought period or within four months of its end.Our findings for the global extratropics reveal that the economic losses and the number of affected people resulting from compound drought-flood events are up to eight times higher than those ascribed to isolated droughts or floods, with a confidence interval ranging from one to twelve. Similar qualitative results emerge from DesInventar and EM-DAT, albeit with some quantitative differences. Furthermore, impact ratios have increased in more recent decades compared to earlier periods, emphasizing the increasing impacts of the drought-flood compound events.These results highlight the amplified negative impacts when droughts and floods occur concomitantly or sequentially, underscoring the need for targeted policies to address their socioeconomic risks, particularly under changing climatic conditions.},
  issn = {1748-9326}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_emertonrebeccae_2019,
  title = {What is the most useful approach for forecasting hydrological extremes during El Niño?},
  author = {Emerton, Rebecca E. and Stephens, Elisabeth M. and Cloke, Hannah L.},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Environmental Research Communications (ERC)},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {3},
  doi = {10.1088/2515-7620/ab114e},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: IOP PUBLISHING LTD},
  keywords = {hydrological extremes; el nino; seasonal forecasting; climate variability},
  abstract = {In the past, efforts to prepare for the impacts of El Nino-driven flood and drought hazards have often relied on seasonal precipitation forecasts as a proxy for hydrological extremes, due to a lack of hydrologically relevant information. However, precipitation forecasts are not the best indicator of hydrological extremes. Now, two different global scale hydro-meteorological approaches for predicting river flow extremes are available to support flood and drought preparedness. These approaches are statistical forecasts based on large-scale climate variability and teleconnections, and resource-intensive dynamical forecasts using coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models. Both have the potential to provide early warning information, and both are used to prepare for El Nino impacts, but which approach provides the most useful forecasts? This study uses river flow observations to assess and compare the ability of two recently-developed forecasts to predict high and low river flow during El Nino: statistical historical probabilities of ENSO-driven hydrological extremes, and the dynamical seasonal river flow outlook of the Global Flood Awareness System (GloFAS-seasonal). Our findings highlight regions of the globe where each forecast is (or is not) skilful compared to a forecast of climatology, and the advantages and disadvantages of each forecasting approach. We conclude that in regions where extreme river flow is predominantly driven by El Nino, or in regions where GloFAS-seasonal currently lacks skill, the historical probabilities generally provide a more useful forecast. In areas where other teleconnections also impact river flow, with the effect of strengthening, mitigating or even reversing the influence of El Nino, GloFAS-seasonal forecasts are typically more useful.},
  issn = {2515-7620}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_diodatonazzareno_2020,
  title = {Monthly storminess over the Po River Basin during the past millennium (800–2018 CE)},
  author = {Diodato, Nazzareno and Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik and Bellocchi, Gianni},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Environmental Research Communications (ERC)},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {1--13},
  doi = {10.1088/2515-7620/ab7ee9},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: IOP Publishing},
  keywords = {climate variability; climate reconstructions; storminess; po river basin; past millennium; documentary data; meteorologi; meteorology},
  abstract = {Reconstructing the occurrence of diluvial storms over centennial to millennial time-scales allows for placing the emergence of modern damaging hydrological events in a longer perspective to facilitate a better understanding of their rate of return in the absence of significant anthropogenic climatic forcing. These extremes have implications for the risk of flooding in sub-regional river basins during both colder and warmer climate states. Here, we present the first homogeneous millennium-long (800–2018 CE) time-series of diluvial storms for the Po River Basin, northern Italy, which is also the longest such time-series of monthly data for the entire Europe. The monthly reconstruction of damaging hydrological events derives from several types of historical documentary sources and reveals 387 such events, allowing the construction of storm severity indices by transforming the information into a monthly, quantitative, record. A period of reduced diluvial storms occurred in the ninth and tenth centuries, followed by a stormier period culminating in the eleventh and thirteenth centuries. More complex patterns emerge in the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries, with generally wetter and stormier conditions than during other centuries. From the seventeenth century onwards the number of damaging hydrological events decreases, with a return in recent decades to conditions similar to those prior to the thirteenth century The flood frequency tended to increase for all seasons during periods of low solar irradiance, suggesting the presence of solar-induced circulation changes resembling the negative phases of the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability as a controlling atmospheric mechanism.},
  issn = {2515-7620}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_diodatonazzareno_2021,
  title = {Outcome of environmental change from historical sediment discharge in a Mediterranean fluvial basin, 1500-2019 CE},
  author = {Diodato, Nazzareno and Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik and Bellocchi, Gianni},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Environmental Research Communications (ERC)},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {7},
  doi = {10.1088/2515-7620/ac0b83},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: IOP Publishing},
  keywords = {historical; mediterranean; environmental change; arno river basin; sediment disharge},
  abstract = {Soil loss is a challenge for sustainable river management, not the least in the Mediterranean region, with climate extremes altering erosion and overland sediment transport. The dynamics of these processes, and their ecological consequences, are poorly documented in the Mediterranen region. For the Arno River Basin (ARB), located by the Tyrrhenian coast of Italy, we estimated changes in annual sediment discharge (SD) as a function of the landscape characteristics within the basin, the seasonal distribution of precipitation and flooding, and the vegetation cover. Owing to a semi-empirical modelling framework, we identified critical erosion-/deposition-prone periods from 1500 to 2019 CE. The long-term estimated mean gross soil erosion in the ARB was ∼900 Mg km−2 yr−1, whereas mean net erosion was ∼200 Mg km−2 yr−1. The results revealed that during the Little Ice Age (ending ∼1850 CE), increased storms and SD had a large impact on the landscape and agricultural activity of the ARB. The downward trend in SD observed after ∼1903 CE occurred with high soil movement, along with environmental change and basin reforestation. The basin area thus experienced, on average, only slight soil losses, with ∼76% of the eroded soil being trapped along the stream reaches, on gently sloping areas as well as in the foot slopes and the valley terrains which divide the basin area. Relying on credible information regarding SD and its hydrological drivers, we showed how historical climatology and parsimonious modelling can be implemented to obtain basin-wide estimates of soil loss, and are appropriate tools for sustainable river basin management.},
  issn = {2515-7620}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_eklfkarin_2021,
  title = {Methylmercury in lake bed soils during re-flooding of an Appalachian reservoir in the northeastern USA},
  author = {Eklöf, Karin and Hu, Haiyan},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Environmental research communications},
  number = {3},
  pages = {3},
  doi = {10.1088/2515-7620/ac1d83},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: IOP Publishing},
  abstract = {Mercury methylation, where inorganic mercury (Hg) is converted to methylmercury (MeHg), can increase in soils when flooded. While effects of the initial flooding of soils on MeHg production have been well studied, less is known about impacts of re-flooding on MeHg production. Lake Perez, an impounded recreational reservoir in the Appalachian Highlands, was completely drained then re-filled 7 years later. We use a combination of chemical, soil physical, and microbial data to quantify changes in MeHg before and after re-flooding of the lakebed. Portions that were transiently saturated due to pluvial flooding had the highest pre-flooded MeHg concentrations. When the lake was re-flooded, concentrations of MeHg in subaqueous soils increased by a factor of 2.74 (+174%) on average. Substantial variability was observed among the sampling sites, with smaller increases in MeHg at sites subjected to seasonal flooding during periods when the reservoir was drained. The increase of soil MeHg after re-flooding was lower in this study compared to studies that evaluated soil MeHg after initial flooding, indicating that re-flooding of a former lake bed caused a smaller response in MeHg production compared to initial flooding of terrestrial land. This study advances understanding of the environmental impact of impounded reservoirs.},
  issn = {2515-7620}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_diodatonazzareno_2023_1,
  title = {Climatic fingerprint of spring discharge depletion in the southern Italian Apennines from 1601 to 2020 CE},
  author = {Diodato, Nazzareno and Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik and Fiorillo, Francesco and Esposito, Libera and Ventafridda, Gerardo and Bellocchi, Gianni},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Environmental Research Communications (ERC)},
  volume = {12},
  number = {4},
  pages = {12},
  doi = {10.1088/2515-7620/acae23},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: IOP Publishing},
  abstract = {Annual mean spring discharge (ASD) is an important water supply source, essential for ecological systems and societies dependent on groundwater resources. Influenced by both regional and local climate fluctuations, the inter-annual variability of ASD represents a climate memory signal, significantly affected when the drought pattern manifests itself in changing climatic regimes. Gaining a better historical perspective on ASD changes requires extended time-series of discharge data and relevant climate drivers. Here, using a parsimonious model, we present a continuous (modelled) time-series of annual ASD for the karst spring of Caposele, in the Cervialto Massif of southern Italy, which is hitherto the longest (1601–2020 CE) such time-series for the entire Mediterranean region. The model was designed to capture the importance of large-scale seasonal (spring, autumn and winter) precipitation (hydro-meteorological factor), and flood and drought indices (climatological factor), and to be consistent with a sample (1920–2020 CE) of actual data. We show a limited overall sensitivity of ASD to climate variability, with a mean of 4.21 m3 s−1 and a drop from ∼1759 CE. With a mean value of ∼3.60 m3 s−1 after ∼1987 CE, ASD has revealed a substantial descending trend—possibly a fingerprint of recent warming—with a depletion of regional water reservoirs. These results highlight the need to strengthen the capacity of groundwater resources in the face of changing, and possibly enhanced, drought patterns in the Mediterranean region.},
  issn = {2515-7620}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_nilssonchrister_2018,
  title = {Ecological Restoration as a Means of Managing Inland Flood Hazards},
  author = {Nilsson, Christer and Riis, Tenna and Sarneel, Judith M. and Svavarsdóttir, Kristín},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {BioScience},
  volume = {2},
  number = {68},
  pages = {89--99},
  doi = {10.1093/biosci/bix148},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Oxford University Press},
  keywords = {climate change; restoration/remediation; river ecology; ecosystem engineering; hydrology},
  abstract = {Many streams and rivers experience major floods. Historically, human societies have responded to such floods by moving away from them or by abating them, the latter with large negative impacts on stream and river ecology. Societies are currently implementing a strategy of "living with floods,"which may involve ecological restoration. It further involves flood mapping, forecasting, and warning systems. We evaluate 14 different stream-and river-restoration measures, which differ in their capacity to modify water retention and runoff. We discuss these restoration measures in the light of predicted changes in climate and flooding and discuss future restoration needs. We focus on the Nordic countries, where substantial changes in the water cycle are foreseen. We conclude that sustainable solutions require researchers to monitor the effect of flood management and study the relative importance of individual restoration measures, as well as the side effects of flood attenuation.},
  issn = {0006-3568}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_abebemeseretb_2025,
  title = {Drought, livestock holding and milk production: A difference-in-differences analysis},
  author = {Abebe, Meseret B. and Alem, Yonas},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {EUROPEAN REVIEW OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS},
  volume = {2},
  number = {52},
  pages = {240--272},
  doi = {10.1093/erae/jbaf014},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {drought; diff-in-diff; climate change; smallholder farmer; livestock holding},
  abstract = {Climate change is making El-Ni & ntilde;os-phenomena that cause heavy rain, flooding and drought in many regions-more frequent and intense. Therefore, understanding the effects of El-Ni & ntilde;o-induced climatic events is essential for designing effective coping and adaptation strategies. We identify the impact of the 2015-16 El-Ni & ntilde;o-induced large-scale drought on smallholder farmers' livestock holding and milk production using nationally representative data collected before and after the drought. We show that drought reduced milk production and livestock holding by 25.8 and 8.4 per cent, respectively. Heterogeneous impact analysis using different thresholds of assets suggests that asset-rich households sold livestock and financed feed purchases, which insulated their milk production from the drought. However, we find that asset-poor households also sold livestock. Our findings have important implications for formulating safety net and adaptation programs targeting smallholder farmers and the livestock sector in a rapidly changing climate.},
  issn = {0165-1587}
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_polvilinae_2016,
  title = {Restoration of Physical Integrity of Rivers},
  author = {Polvi, Lina E. and Baker, Daniel W.},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Oxford Bibliographies in Ecology},
  doi = {10.1093/obo/9780199363445-0059},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Oxford Bibliographies},
  abstract = {Physical integrity for rivers refers to a set of active fluvial processes and landforms wherein the channel, floodplain, sediment, and overall spatial configuration maintain a dynamic equilibrium, according to Graf 2001 (cited under Components of Physical Integrity). Physical integrity is achieved when river processes and forms maintain active connections with each other in the present hydrologic regime. The term “physical integrity” was first used in an important piece of legislation in the United States of America, the Clean Water Act of 1977, in which it is stipulated that the nation must restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation’s water. Within the Environmental Protection Agency, the governmental agency charged with carrying out and enforcing the Clean Water Act, and the scientific literature, much of the focus has been on the chemical and biological integrity, with less direct focus on how to restore physical integrity. However, in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, there has been a greater scientific focus on restoration of physical forms and processes in rivers. Restoration of physical integrity encompasses several aspects: reducing fragmentation, ensuring functional physical processes and equilibrium, allowing dynamic processes, and matching restoration to geographic large-scale controls. In practice, restoration of physical integrity can be divided into two main categories—those focused on restoring form by increasing physical heterogeneity or creating a specific planform (e.g., meandering) or bedform (e.g., pool-riffles), and those focused on restoring processes, including sediment transport, flow retention, and flooding in order to maintain forms. Form-based restoration is usually rooted in the assumption that a reference condition can elucidate the forms that best match the processes under similar hydrologic and sediment regimes. Reference conditions can either be historical (i.e., where there is sufficient data on previous channel conditions before the degradation occurred) or geographical—where there is an undisturbed stream reach within the same region with similar climatic, hydrological, geological, and land-use conditions and the reference and degraded reaches have similar drainage areas and valley characteristics (in terms of valley slope and with and hillslope conditions). In addition, process-based restoration goals based on ecosystem functioning or channel classification schemes can be used in designing channel restoration. In areas where the flow regime is heavily altered, by for example dams, flow diversions or land-use conditions, environmental or functional flows have been used to determine which flows (e.g., five-year flood) are necessary to maintain certain physical processes or forms.}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bedardjeanh_2021,
  title = {Geochemical Systematics of High Arctic Large Igneous Province Continental Tholeiites from Canada-Evidence for Progressive Crustal Contamination in the Plumbing System},
  author = {Bedard, Jean H. and Saumur, Benoit Michel and Tegner, Christian and Troll, Valentin R. and Deegan, Frances and Evenchick, Carol A. and Grasby, Stephen E. and Dewing, Keith},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Journal of Petrology},
  volume = {9},
  number = {62},
  pages = {9},
  doi = {10.1093/petrology/egab041},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Oxford University Press},
  keywords = {basalt; contamination; continental lip; halip; plumbing system},
  abstract = {Cretaceous High Arctic large igneous province (HALIP) sub-alkaline magmatic rocks in Canada are mostly evolved (MgO 2-7 wt%), sparsely plagioclase + clinopyroxene +/- olivine-phyric tholeiitic basalts. There were two main HALIP continental flood basalt (CFB) eruption episodes: 135-120 Ma (Isachsen Fm.) and 105-90 Ma (Strand Fiord Fm.), both associated with cogenetic doleritic sills and dykes. Building on a large modern database, 16 HALIP tholeiite types are defined and grouped into genetic series using Ce vs Sm/Yb-NMORB distributions. Comparison with model melting curves implies that higher-Sm/Yb HALIP basalt types record low-degree melting of garnet-bearing mantle sources. More voluminous intermediate- and low-Sm/Yb HALIP basalt types separated from the mantle at shallower levels after further extensive melting in the spinel-peridotite field. Within a given Sm/Yb range, increases in incompatible elements such as Ce are coupled with progressive clockwise rotation of normalized incompatible trace element profiles. Trace element modeling implies this cannot be due to closed-system fractional crystallization but requires progressive and ubiquitous incorporation of a component resembling continental crust. The fractionation models imply that low-Sm/Yb HALIP basalts (similar to 7 wt% MgO) initially crystallized olivine gabbro assemblages, with lower-MgO basalts successively crystallizing gabbro and ilmenite-gabbro assemblages. In contrast, higher-Sm/Yb basalts fractionated more clinopyroxene and ilmenite, but extensive plagioclase fractionation is still required to explain developing negative Sr-Eu anomalies. Backfractionation models require about 40% addition of olivine to bring the most primitive HALIP basalts (similar to 7% MgO) into equilibrium with Fo(89) mantle. Inverse fractionation-assimilation modeling shrinks the CFB signature, making decontaminated model parental melts more similar to enriched mid-ocean ridge basalt. The progressive increase of the contamination signature within each HALIP tholeiitic differentiation series is not consistent with models involving derivation of HALIP basalts from a mantle source previously enriched by subduction. Strong interaction of basalt with Sverdrup Basin sedimentary rocks may cause localized over-enrichment in K-Rb-Th-U, but cannot explain strong Ba enrichment in the absence of concomitant K-Rb-Th-U enrichment. The localized Ba enrichment could reflect either a Ba-rich lithospheric mantle component that is strongly manifested in the coeval HALIP alkaline suites, or syn- to post-emplacement fluid-mediated transfer from Ba-rich host rocks.},
  issn = {0022-3530}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_johanssonmagnus_2013,
  title = {Using education and social learning in capacity building- the IntECR concept},
  author = {Johansson, Magnus and Nyberg, Lars and Evers, Mariele and Hansson, Max},
  year = {2013},
  journal = {Disaster Prevention and Management},
  volume = {1},
  number = {22},
  pages = {17--28},
  doi = {10.1108/09653561311301943},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Emerald Group Publishing Limited},
  keywords = {climate change adaptation; risk reduction; social learning; education},
  abstract = {Purpose – The aim of this paper is to present a concept where social learning is used in education. Thematically, the concept is suitable for complex, interdisciplinary, societal challenges with a high degree of uncertainty regarding future changes. It is exemplified here by the need to link disaster risk reduction (DRR) with climate change adaptation (CCA) and flood risk management (FRM). The concept answers to the variety of adopted solutions and build-up of knowledge that exist, as a consequence of far-reaching local liabilities and initiatives. The concept advocates building of platforms and procedures where managers, stakeholders, researchers, policy makers, and regular students can meet, interact and learn from local examples.Design/methodology/approach – The concept IntECR (integrated education, research and collaboration) has been tested in two courses during 2009 and 2010 around the Swedish lakes Vanern and Malaren. Seminars and field visits were arranged in ten different cities. Participants replied anonymously to a course evaluation and were questioned in groups about their perceived benefit from the concept.Findings – Informal networking, holistic perspective, shared problem identification and the positive possibility to study several examples of local management in arrangements with high degree of structural openness, were mentioned by the participants as positive outcome of the concept.Originality/value – The use of this educational concept aims to increase the adaptive capacity of societal entities through raised capacity of their individual members. The applied example is timely, relevant and a contribution to DRR and CCA},
  issn = {0965-3562}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_perssonerik_2015_1,
  title = {Flood Warning in a Swedish Local Risk Management Context},
  author = {Persson, Erik and Nyberg, Lars and Svedung, Inge},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Disaster Prevention and Management},
  volume = {3},
  number = {24},
  pages = {383--396},
  doi = {10.1108/DPM-07-2014-0140},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Emerald Group Publishing Limited},
  keywords = {flood warning; early warning system; risk management; natural hazard; risk and environmental studies; risk- och miljöstudier},
  abstract = {This paper aims to explore how local early warning systems (EWS) for floods are established at the municipality level in Sweden. The study also aims to analyse the role of EWSs in a risk management context. The overall purpose of this study is to elucidate how and to what extent the adoption of local EWSs can generate value added benefits throughout the wider risk management process.Semi-structured interviews have been conducted with supervisors at each municipality in order to depict how local EWS are established at the municipality level in Sweden. The interviews went through a content analysis with respect to theory on EWS and theory on the risk management process.The possible effects from an EWS is not only reduced flood losses but also potential spinoff. The possibility of spinoff effects from the system, but also the mitigating effectiveness in case of a flood is largely dependent on the well-being of the organization and its risk management processes.This study widens the understanding of the value of an EWS and that the organizational culture and state of risk management system has influence on the availability of such value. Identifying the potential added value from EWSs is important from a more general disaster risk reduction perspective, as it helps to further motivate implementation of proactive risk management measures. This knowledge can be of help to others who investigate the possibilities of investing in EWSs.},
  issn = {0965-3562}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_darvishimehdi_2025,
  title = {Snow Water Equivalent Estimation for Flooding Warning Utilizing InSAR Technique on RCM Data},
  author = {Darvishi, Mehdi and Fei, Chuhong and Li, Yifeng and Adham-Khiabani, Sina and Lampropoulos, George},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {25th DSP 2025},
  pages = {1--5},
  doi = {10.1109/dsp65409.2025.11075127},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: IEEE},
  abstract = {Accurate estimation of snow water equivalent (SWE) is crucial for effective flood forecasting and disaster management. The paper develops a technology that can provide a reliable estimation and monitoring of snow water equivalent (SWE) for potential snowmelt flood events utilizing RADARSAT Constellation Mission compact polarimetric data. Leveraging 4-day repeat-pass interferometry, interferometric SAR (InSAR) technology was employed to estimate snow depth by analyzing SAR signal propagation delays caused by snowpack. Snow depth estimations closely aligned with ground truth measurements from nearby weather stations, demonstrating the capability of InSAR in detecting dynamic snow depth changes. Snow density was derived using a backscatter-based inversion model, enabling dynamic SWE estimation as the product of snow depth and density. The resulting SWE maps and time-series analyses showed strong correlations with weather station data, validating the accuracy and reliability of the developed methodology.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_nhangumbemanuel_2024_1,
  title = {Post Flooding Scenario Analysis: Case Study of Cyclone IDAI in Mozambique},
  author = {Nhangumbe, Manuel and Nascetti, Andrea and Ban, Yifang and Georganos, Stefanos},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Proceedings-  IGARSS 2024- IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium},
  pages = {561--564},
  doi = {10.1109/IGARSS53475.2024.10642933},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)},
  keywords = {disaster prevention; disasters; flood control; tropical cyclone; case-studies; damage assessments; damage classification; floodings; localisation; mozambique; remote-sensing; scenarios analysis; segmentation and classification; urban areas; flood damage; geomatik; geomatics},
  abstract = {Floods are one of the most destructive disasters worldwide and although they largely happen in rural, ruther than in urban areas, it is in the urban areas that substantial destruction of infrastructures is observed. Thus, cost effective methods to monitor flood damage and extent are required. In this paper, we investigate the implementation of U-Net on satellite and drone image dataset such as xBD and EDDA for building damage assessment in Mozambique. The recently published dataset EDDA was created by the National Institute for Disaster Management (INGD) and comprises drone imagery of Beira, in Mozambique. Using them, we obtained a dice score of 0.76 on building localization (BL) and mean intersection over the union (mIoU) of 0.54 on damage classification (DC). These are promising results considering that many datasets lack detailed information on African buildings. We also use some pre-trained models models such as ResNet for BL and DC. }
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_strandellerstorpelias_2025,
  title = {DLink: Introducing a Framework for Link Adaptation in Flooding-Based Underwater Networks},
  author = {Strandell Erstorp, Elias and Lidström, Viktor and Sigray, Peter},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering},
  volume = {2},
  number = {50},
  pages = {1456--1468},
  doi = {10.1109/JOE.2024.3494113},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)},
  keywords = {flooding-based protocols; link adaptation; underwater networks},
  abstract = {The underwater acoustic environment is known for its unpredictability, making it challenging to establish configuration parameters for acoustic modems before network deployment. When the modems are configured for robustness, potential throughput is often sacrificed; meanwhile, opting for high-rate links can result in communication failures in highly dynamic acoustic conditions. Given these challenges, this article presents an adaptation framework for networked underwater acoustic modems. Its primary objective is to let modems adaptively select communication links that balance information rate and reliability. It is assumed that the modems provide a set of preconfigured links with monotonically increasing information rate and decreasing reliability. The framework is developed specifically for flooding-based routing protocols, which efficiently handle sudden changes in network topology. By leveraging existing network traffic and implicit acknowledgments, the framework achieves link adaptation with minimal network overhead, necessitating only the addition of a “previous node” address field in the packet headers. Field experiments were conducted by deploying six acoustic modems in a time-varying acoustic environment. A well-known flooding-based protocol, DFlood, was used for routing in the experiments. The network's throughput with the adaptation framework was compared to that when only robust links were permitted. Results of the framework, using modems configured with four different links, show an increase in the average information per packet by a factor of up to 12, and a reduction in network transmission times of 25%–50%, demonstrating DLink's ability to enhance channel utilization, outperforming configurations that rely solely on robust links.},
  issn = {0364-9059}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_schumanng_2009,
  title = {The Utility of Spaceborne Radar to Render Flood Inundation Maps Based on Multialgorithm Ensembles},
  author = {SCHUMANN, G and DI BALDASSARRE, G and BATES, PD},
  year = {2009},
  journal = {IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING},
  volume = {8},
  number = {47},
  pages = {2801--2807},
  doi = {10.1109/TGRS.2009.2017937},
  language = {eng}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_perssonerik_2016,
  title = {Flood response using complementary early warning information},
  author = {Persson, Erik},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management},
  volume = {4},
  number = {24},
  pages = {253--263},
  doi = {10.1111/1468-5973.12121},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley-Blackwell},
  keywords = {flood risk management; early warning; natural hazard; risk and environmental studies; risk- och miljöstudier},
  abstract = {The objective of this comparative case study was to investigate and compare how Swedish municipalities gather and use warning information from official and unofficial sources at the municipal level, as well as the circumstances under which that process has a chance to succeed. The overall conclusions of the study are that official and unofficial warnings have the potential to play complementary roles for municipalities making decisions about flood response, giving the municipalities a wider perspective and better opportunity to assess risk and to act appropriately. The required resources for using official warnings and getting access to unofficial warning sources are not evenly distributed among municipalities, and a lack of systematization of access to warning information hinders the flood response potential.},
  issn = {0966-0879}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_amorosialessandro_2014,
  title = {Biosedimentary record of postglacial coastal dynamics: high-resolution sequence stratigraphy from the northern Tuscan coast (Italy)},
  author = {Amorosi, Alessandro and Rossi, Veronica and Scarponi, Daniele and Vaiani, Stefano Claudio and Ghosh, Anupam},
  year = {2014},
  journal = {Boreas},
  volume = {4},
  number = {43},
  pages = {939--954},
  doi = {10.1111/bor.12077},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: John Wiley & Sons Inc.},
  abstract = {Integrating analysis of the benthic palaeoecological record with multivariate ordination techniques represents a powerful synergy able to provide an improved characterization of coastal depositional facies in a sequence stratigraphical perspective. Through quantitative analysis of benthic foraminifer, ostracod and mollusc associations from the postglacial succession of Core M3 (Arno coastal plain, Tuscany, Italy), and application of detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) to the mollusc sub-data set, we offer a refined picture of stratigraphical variations in faunal content from a paralic depositional setting, and reconstruct the palaeoenvironmental gradients that account for such variations. Despite distinct ecological behaviours, and taphonomic and sedimentological constraints, a strong ecological control on meio- and macrofaunal biofacies and taxa turnover is documented across the study succession. Amongst all possible mechanisms that may play a role in shaping' fossil distribution, the ecological signal driven by salinity represents the most prominent factor controlling the composition of fossil associations in the cored succession. Molluscs can even provide outstanding quantitative estimates of palaeosalinity along the sampled core. When plotted stratigraphically, the three fossil sub-data sets show consistent patterns of vertical evolution that enable prompt identification of the key surfaces for sequence stratigraphical interpretation in otherwise lithologically indistinguishable deposits. The concomitant maximum richness of species with strong marine affinity, paralleled by the highest DCA salinity estimates, allows recognition of the maximum flooding zone, dated to approximate to 7.7 cal. ka BP, within a homogeneous succession of outer lagoon clays. These clays are sandwiched between early transgressive, swamp to inner lagoon deposits and overlying prograding coastal-alluvial plain facies.},
  issn = {1502-3885}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_johnsonmarkd_2021,
  title = {Geomorphology and sedimentology of features formed at the outlet during the final drainage of the Baltic Ice Lake},
  author = {Johnson, Mark D. and Ohrling, C. and Bergström, Adrian and Isaksson Dreyer, Oskar and Pizarro Rajala, Emma},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Boreas},
  volume = {1},
  number = {51},
  pages = {20--40},
  doi = {10.1111/bor.12547},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {hyperconcentrated flows; outburst floods; climate-change; debris flows; mt-billingen; deglaciation; deposits; agassiz; middle; basin},
  abstract = {We present a conceptual model for the character of the 11.6 cal. ka BP drainage of the Baltic Ice Lake in the outlet area based on a new geomorphological map as well as new sedimentological information. We combine this new information with a review of the previous work on this well-studied area. The model includes the premise of remnant ice in the Langen valley as suggested by previous workers and indicates the drainage began subglacially. Cobbly sediment on northeast Billingen formerly interpreted as beach sediment is interpreted to be a subglacial lag deposit. The ridge at Timmersdala is composed of drainage sediment from the initial phases of the drainage, deposited in a subglacial tunnel that emptied out on to central Klyftamon. Continued drainage widened the tunnel by frictional melting, eventually lifting and fracturing the ice. Pendant bars, expansion bars and boulder sheets on central and southern Klyftamon formed during the drainage event. Cobbly and bouldery drainage sediment in the bars, which is massive and poorly sorted, was deposited as bedload from sediment-charged water. Imbrication, bar orientation, and changes in grain size and Cambrian-clast content indicate flow to the west-northwest. Most sediment in the bars was derived from erosion on Klyftamon, but Cambrian rock from Billingen is present, delivered directly by the flood waters and/or from debris-rich icebergs from the broken-up remnant ice. This flood event is distinguished from other Quaternary megafloods by being sediment-supply limited and having a short, subaerial floodway (20 km).},
  issn = {0300-9483}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hansenhenry_2024,
  title = {Resistance of Australian fish communities to drought and flood: implications for climate change and ecological memory},
  author = {Hansen, Henry and Bergman, Eva and Kopf, Keller and Lindmark, Max},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Ecography},
  doi = {10.1111/ecog.07442},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: John Wiley & Sons},
  keywords = {adaptive potential; climate change; extreme weather; invasive species; range expansion; biology},
  abstract = {Climate change-induced extreme weather and related drought and flood conditions are heterogeneous across space and time. The variability in location, timing, and magnitude of rainfall can alter how species respond to the drought and flood disturbances. To further complicate this matter, when droughts end they are often followed by extreme flooding, which are rarely considered as a disturbance (Humphries et al. 2024), let alone assessed with its own heterogeneity. Consequently, it is difficult to quantify impacts on ecological communities across large spatiotemporal scales without considering flood-drought disturbance characteristics in sequence (Burton et al. 2020). We hypothesized that native organisms have evolved resistance to withstand repeated cycles of drought-flood disturbances, and that established non-native species have adapted to persist in novel conditions. To test this, we fit spatiotemporal models of species occurrence with local rainfall patterns as covariates in the drought and flood impacted Murray-Darling basin in Australia during the decade long Millenium Drought, and its recovery period. During these drought conditions, river-floodplain organisms in the Murray-Darling became localized in refugia that limited longitudinal and lateral connectivity (Bond et al. 2008), and following flooding the same organisms were exposed to dispersal and recruitment opportunities (Humphries et al. 2020), as well as to hypoxic blackwater events that lead to the mortality of aquatic organisms (Small et al. 2014). At the basin-scale we found that the range size of most native and non-native fishes were highly resistant to the extreme drought and post-flood conditions. At local scales, species richness, or detection, actually increased under drought conditions. Both findings highlight the resistance of species to climate change driven extreme weather, which opens new questions on community adaptations.},
  issn = {0906-7590}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_reyerchristopherpo_2012,
  title = {A plant's perspective of extremes: terrestrial plant responses to changing climatic variability},
  author = {Reyer, Christopher P. O. and Leuzinger, Sebastian and Rammig, Anja and Wolf, Annett and Bartholomeus, Ruud P. and Bonfante, Antonello and de Lorenzi, Francesca and Dury, Marie and Gloning, Philipp and Abou Jaoude, Renee and Klein, Tamir and Kuster, Thomas M. and Martins, Monica and Niedrist, Georg and Riccardi, Maria and Wohlfahrt, Georg and de Angelis, Paolo and de Dato, Giovanbattista and Francois, Louis and Menzel, Annette and Pereira, Marizia and Francois, F.},
  year = {2012},
  journal = {Global Change Biology},
  volume = {1},
  number = {19},
  pages = {75--89},
  doi = {10.1111/gcb.12023},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA : John Wiley & Sons},
  keywords = {climate change; combined approaches; experiments; models; observations; plant phenology; plant physiology; natural science},
  abstract = {We review observational, experimental, and model results on how plants respond to extreme climatic conditions induced by changing climatic variability. Distinguishing between impacts of changing mean climatic conditions and changing climatic variability on terrestrial ecosystems is generally underrated in current studies. The goals of our review are thus (1) to identify plant processes that are vulnerable to changes in the variability of climatic variables rather than to changes in their mean, and (2) to depict/evaluate available study designs to quantify responses of plants to changing climatic variability. We find that phenology is largely affected by changing mean climate but also that impacts of climatic variability are much less studied, although potentially damaging. We note that plant water relations seem to be very vulnerable to extremes driven by changes in temperature and precipitation and that heatwaves and flooding have stronger impacts on physiological processes than changing mean climate. Moreover, interacting phenological and physiological processes are likely to further complicate plant responses to changing climatic variability. Phenological and physiological processes and their interactions culminate in even more sophisticated responses to changing mean climate and climatic variability at the species and community level. Generally, observational studies are well suited to study plant responses to changing mean climate, but less suitable to gain a mechanistic understanding of plant responses to climatic variability. Experiments seem best suited to simulate extreme events. In models, temporal resolution and model structure are crucial to capture plant responses to changing climatic variability. We highlight that a combination of experimental, observational, and/or modeling studies have the potential to overcome important caveats of the respective individual approaches.},
  issn = {1354-1013}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_sarneeljudithm_2019,
  title = {Alternative transient states and slow plant community responses after changed flooding regimes},
  author = {Sarneel, Judith M. and Hefting, Mariet M. and Kowalchuk, George A. and Nilsson, Christer and Van der Velden, Merit and Visser, Eric J. W. and Voesenek, Laurentius A. C. J. and Jansson, Roland},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Global Change Biology},
  volume = {4},
  number = {25},
  pages = {1358--1367},
  doi = {10.1111/gcb.14569},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: John Wiley & Sons},
  keywords = {alternative stable states; drought events; flood regime change; hydrological alterations; hysteresis; riparian vegetation; river restoration; species traits},
  abstract = {Climate change will have large consequences for flooding frequencies in freshwater systems. In interaction with anthropogenic activities (flow regulation, channel restoration and catchment land-use) this will both increase flooding and drought across the world. Like in many other ecosystems facing changed environmental conditions, it remains difficult to predict the rate and trajectory of vegetation responses to changed conditions. Given that critical ecosystem services (e.g. bank stabilization, carbon subsidies to aquatic communities or water purification) depend on riparian vegetation composition, it is important to understand how and how fast riparian vegetation responds to changing flooding regimes. We studied vegetation changes over 19 growing seasons in turfs that were transplanted in a full-factorial design between three riparian elevations with different flooding frequencies. We found that (a) some transplanted communities may have developed into an alternative stable state and were still different from the target community, and (b) pathways of vegetation change were highly directional but alternative trajectories did occur, (c) changes were rather linear but faster when flooding frequencies increased than when they decreased, and (d) we observed fastest changes in turfs when proxies for mortality and colonization were highest. These results provide rare examples of alternative transient trajectories and stable states under field conditions, which is an important step towards understanding their drivers and their frequency in a changing world.},
  issn = {1354-1013}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_eganpaul_2019,
  title = {Natural hazard threats to pollinators and pollination},
  author = {Egan, Paul},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Global Change Biology},
  number = {26},
  pages = {380--391},
  doi = {10.1111/gcb.14840},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  abstract = {Natural hazards are naturally occurring physical events that can impact human welfare both directly and indirectly, via shocks to ecosystems and the services they provide. Animal-mediated pollination is critical for sustaining agricultural economies and biodiversity, yet stands to lose both from present exposure to natural hazards, and future climate-driven shifts in their distribution, frequency, and intensity. In contrast to the depth of knowledge available for anthropogenic-related threats, our understanding of how naturally occurring extreme events impact pollinators and pollination has not yet been synthesized. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the potential impacts of natural hazards on pollinators and pollination in natural and cultivated systems. From a total of 117 studies (74% of which were observational), we found evidence of community and population-level impacts to plants and pollinators from seven hazard types, including climatological (extreme heat, fire, drought), hydrological (flooding), meteorological (hurricanes), and geophysical (volcanic activity, tsunamis). Plant and pollinator response depended on the type of natural hazard and level of biological organization observed; 19% of cases reported no significant impact, whereas the majority of hazards held consistent negative impacts. However, the effects of fire were mixed, but taxa specific; meta-analysis revealed that bee abundance and species richness tended to increase in response to fire, differing significantly from the mainly negative response of Lepidoptera. Building from this synthesis, we highlight important future directions for pollination-focused natural hazard research, including the need to: (a) advance climate change research beyond static "mean-level" changes by better incorporating "shock" events; (b) identify impacts at higher levels of organization, including ecological networks and co-evolutionary history; and (c) address the notable gap in crop pollination services research-particularly in developing regions of the world. We conclude by discussing implications for safeguarding pollination services in the face of global climate change.},
  issn = {1354-1013}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_englundoskar_2022,
  title = {Large-scale deployment of grass in crop rotations as a multifunctional climate mitigation strategy},
  author = {Englund, Oskar and Mola-Yudego, Blas and Börjesson, Pål and Cederberg, Christel and Dimitriou, Ioannis and Scarlat, Nicolae and Berndes, Göran},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {GCB Bioenergy},
  volume = {2},
  number = {15},
  pages = {166--184},
  doi = {10.1111/gcbb.13015},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {land use; environmental impacts; agriculture; europe; spatial modelling; environmental benefits; perennial crops; climate mitigation; grass; soil carbon},
  abstract = {The agriculture sector can contribute to climate change mitigation by reducing its own greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, sequestering carbon in vegetation and soils, and providing biomass to substitute for fossil fuels and other GHG-intensive products. The sector also needs to address water, soil, and biodiversity impacts caused by historic and current practices. Emerging EU policies create incentives for cultivation of perennial plants that provide biomass along with environmental benefits. One such option, common in northern Europe, is to include grass in rotations with annual crops to provide biomass while remediating soil organic carbon (SOC) losses and other environmental impacts. Here, we apply a spatially explicit model on >81,000 sub-watersheds in EU27 + UK (Europe) to explore the effects of widespread deployment of such systems. Based on current accumulated SOC losses in individual sub-watersheds, the model identifies and quantifies suitable areas for increased grass cultivation and corresponding biomass- and protein supply, SOC sequestration, and reductions in nitrogen emissions to water as well as wind and water erosion. The model also provides information about possible flood mitigation. The results indicate a substantial climate mitigation potential, with combined annual GHG savings from soil-carbon sequestration and displacement of natural gas with biogas from grass-based biorefineries, equivalent to 13%–48% of current GHG emissions from agriculture in Europe. The environmental co-benefits are also notable, in some cases exceeding the estimated mitigation needs. Yield increases for annual crops in modified rotations mitigate the displacement effect of increasing grass cultivation. If the grass is used as feedstock in lieu of annual crops, the displacement effect can even be negative, that is, a reduced need for annual crop production elsewhere. Incentivizing widespread deployment will require supportive policy measures as well as new uses of grass biomass, for example, as feedstock for green biorefineries producing protein concentrate, biofuels, and other bio-based products.},
  issn = {1757-1707}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_klingbjerper_2016,
  title = {Recurring jökulhlaups in Sälka, northern Sweden},
  author = {Klingbjer, Per},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Geografiska Annaler. Series A, Physical Geography},
  volume = {2},
  number = {86},
  pages = {169--179},
  doi = {10.1111/j.0435-3676.2004.00222.x},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.},
  keywords = {outburst flood; jökulhlaup; glacier; ice-dammed lake; peak-discharge; hydrograph; polythermal glacier; northern sweden; earth sciences},
  abstract = {An ice-dammed lake at the margin of the glacier Slkaglaciren, in the Kebnekaise Mountains in northern Sweden, drained suddenly in July 2003 producing a flood with a measured peak discharge of 9.5±0.25 m3s-1. The total lake volume of 4.55×105 million3 drained within two days. The hydrograph of this event is characteristic of a jökulhlaup controlled by a single basal ice tunnel that enlarges due to melting. The jökulhlaup had an exponential rise to a peak discharge, and following the peak, a very steep fall in discharge as the water supply to the drainage system ceased. A similar jökulhlaup was observed in August 1990 with an estimated release of 8.05×105 m3 water. Jökulhlaups at Slkaglaciren are recurring events and have been indirectly observed since the 1950s.},
  issn = {0435-3676}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_farahate_2012,
  title = {Ecological impacts of desert plantation forests on biodiversity},
  author = {Farahat, E. and Linderholm, Hans W.},
  year = {2012},
  journal = {African Journal of Ecology},
  volume = {3},
  number = {50},
  pages = {308--318},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2028.2012.01325.x},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {arid lands; egypt; planted forests; similarity; species diversity; understory vegetation; boreal forests; beta-diversity; management; environment; extinction; temperate; richness; regime; layer},
  abstract = {This investigation involves the comparison of the diversity of understorey vegetation of four desert planted forests with the adjacent desert areas. Spatial and temporal variations in species composition and structure were compared, and alpha and beta diversities were compared for the field data collected from sampled sites. The diversity of native desert species decreased from 66% in desert areas to 44% of the total recorded plants inside the forests. Meanwhile, the percentage of agricultural weed species increased in forests to >twofold more than that recorded in desert areas. Plant communities in forest stands shared <50% of their species with adjacent vegetation in desert stands. The percentage of variation in species composition was >340% in some forests compared with the desert areas. Alpha diversity and beta-diversity were significantly higher in forest stands than in the desert. Spatial and temporal variations in species diversity were correlated with type of tree canopy and irrigation system. Planted forests had significant negative effects on the diversity of native desert shrubs and trees. Using flood irrigation and more spacing between trees might help in conserving the floristic diversity of desert shrubs and trees at the forest floor.},
  issn = {0141-6707}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_grenanneli_2008,
  title = {Terrestrial export of highly bioavailable carbon from small boreal catchments in spring floods},
  author = {Ågren, Anneli and Berggren, Martin and Laudon, Hjalmar and Jansson, Mats},
  year = {2008},
  journal = {Freshwater Biology},
  volume = {5},
  number = {53},
  pages = {964--972},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.01955.x},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {bacterial production; bioavailability; dissolved organic carbon; forests; mires},
  abstract = {1. We assessed the terrestrial export of organic carbon, which effectively supported aquatic bacterial production (BP), from small boreal catchments during spring flood. We analysed stream runoff from nine small catchments with different proportions of peat mires and coniferous forests by monitoring the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) flux in combination with conducting bacterial bioassays.2. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that BP during 7-day-dark bioassays (BP7; μg C L-1day-1) was explained by both the quantity and quality (low-molecular weight fractions) of the DOC. BP7 can be used as a measure of export of terrestrial organic carbon that is highly bioavailable.3. Total export of DOC during spring flood from the different catchments ranged from 20 to 27 kg ha-1 and was negatively correlated to forest cover (%). However, the export of BP7 carbon was positively correlated to forest cover and varied from about 0.1 kg ha-1 in mire-dominated streams to about 0.2 kg ha-1 in forest-dominated streams.4. The high bioavailability of forest carbon suggests that forests are the main contributors of BP-supporting carbon in boreal streams although mires have higher area-specific export of DOC.},
  issn = {0046-5070}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_malmrenfltbirgitta_2009,
  title = {Effects of hydropower generation and opportunities for environmental flow management in Swedish riverine ecosystems},
  author = {Malm-Renöfält, Birgitta and Jansson, Roland and Nilsson, Christer},
  year = {2009},
  journal = {Freshwater Biology},
  volume = {1},
  number = {55},
  pages = {49--67},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02241.x},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {dams; environmental flow; hydropower; reservoirs; sweden},
  abstract = {Hydropower is often presented as a clean and renewable energy source that is environmentally preferable to fossil fuels or nuclear power. Hydropower production, however, fundamentally transforms rivers and their ecosystems by fragmenting channels and altering river flows. These changes reduce flow velocity and the number of rapids, and reduce or alter wetland, floodplain and delta ecosystems. Dams disrupt dispersal of riverine organisms and sediment dynamics and may alter riverine biodiversity composition and abundance. Freshwater ecosystems now belong among the world's most threatened ecosystems.Water managers are beginning to recognise the need to combine demands for social and economic development with the protection of the resource base on which socioeconomic benefits rely. Environmental flows can help to balance ecosystem and human needs for water, both when constructing new dams and in re-licensing existing dams.We briefly review the impacts of hydropower generation on freshwater ecosystems by discussing different types of dams and development, and by providing examples from Sweden of how environmental effects of hydropower production could be mitigated. Special emphasis is given to flow regulation through re-operation of dams.Regulated rivers in Sweden were developed with little consideration of ecological effects, with most dams lacking migration pathways or minimum flow releases. There is thus a substantial potential for improvement of ecological conditions, such as naturalisation of flow regimes and reestablishment of connectivity, in regulated river reaches but technical hurdles imply major challenges for rehabilitation and mitigation. Most regulated rivers consist of cascades of consecutive reservoirs and impoundments, further constraining possible actions to improve ecological conditions.Most environmental mitigation measures require flow modifications to serve ecosystems, implying reduced power production. An important challenge for river management is to identify situations where measures involving relatively small production losses can have major ecological advantages.Climate change during the 21st century is expected to increase runoff in northern and central Sweden and make the annual hydrograph more similar to variation in electricity demand, i.e. a lower spring flood and increased run-off during winter months. This could provide opportunities for operating dams and power stations to the benefit of riverine ecosystems. On the other hand, demands to produce hydropower are likely to increase as fossil fuels are phased out, leading to increased pressures on free-flowing rivers and aquatic ecosystems.},
  issn = {0046-5070}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_arthingtonangelah_2009,
  title = {Preserving the biodiversity and ecological services of rivers: new challenges and research opportunities},
  author = {Arthington, Angela H and Naiman, Robert J and McClain, Michael E and Nilsson, Christer},
  year = {2009},
  journal = {Freshwater Biology},
  volume = {1},
  number = {55},
  pages = {1--16},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02340.x},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {biodiversity; ecological services; environmental flows; river restoration; rivers},
  abstract = {Natural biogeochemical processes and diverse communities of aquatic biota regulate freshwater quantity and quality in ways that are not sufficiently acknowledged nor appreciated by the water resources management community. The establishment and enforcement of environmental flow requirements offer promising means to improve and care for these critical environmental services. This Special Issue provides new insights and novel techniques to determine, protect and restore ecologically and socially sustainable flow regimes, and thereby help achieve the water-related goals of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment.Whilst alteration of flow, sediment, organic matter and thermal regimes interact to reduce biological diversity and the ecological integrity of freshwater ecosystems - and thereby degrade the properties and ecological services most valued by humans - ‘environmental flows' left in rivers, or restored to developed rivers, will sustain many ecological and societal values. The success of river protection and rehabilitation ⁄ restoration depends upon understanding and accurately modelling relationships between hydrological patterns, fluvial disturbance and ecological responses in rivers and floodplains.This Special Issue presents new analytical and modelling approaches to support the development of hydro-ecological models and environmental flow standards at multiple spatial scales - applicable to all rivers in any economic and societal setting. Examples include the new framework Ecological Limits of Hydrologic Alteration (ELOHA) founded on hydrological classification and gradient analysis; ecological trait analysis; Bayesian hierarchical modelling; Bayesian Decision Networks; and Integrated Basin Flow Assessment (IBFA).Advances in the allocation of flood flows along the River Murray in Australia, an Ecosystems Function Model (HEC-EFM) for the Bill Williams River restoration programme in Arizona (U.S.A), the European Water Framework Directive, and improved management of hydroelectric dams demonstrate the potential for significant ecological recovery following partial restoration of natural river flow regimes.Based on contributions to this Special Issue, the action agenda of the 2007 Brisbane Declaration on environmental flows and the wider literature, we propose an invigorated global research programme to construct and calibrate hydro-ecological models and to quantify the ecological goods and services provided by rivers in contrasting hydro-climatic settings across the globe. A major challenge will be to find acceptable ways to manage rivers for multiple uses. Climate change intensifies the urgency. Environmental flows help to preserve the innate resilience of aquatic ecosystems, and thereby offer the promise of improved sustainability and wellbeing for people as well as for ecosystems.},
  issn = {0046-5070}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_steinthorsdottirmargret_2011,
  title = {BENNETTITALEAN LEAF CUTICLE FRAGMENTS (HERE ANOMOZAMITES AND PTEROPHYLLUM) CAN BE USED INTERCHANGEABLY IN STOMATAL FREQUENCY-BASED PALAEO-CO(2) RECONSTRUCTIONS},
  author = {Steinthorsdottir, Margret and Bacon, Karen L. and Popa, Mihai E. and Bochner, Laura and Mcelwain, Jennifer C.},
  year = {2011},
  journal = {Palaeontology},
  number = {54},
  pages = {867--882},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01060.x},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {bennettitales; anomozamites; pterophyllum; leaf fragments; cuticular analysis; stomatal proxy; triassic},
  abstract = {Bennettites are an abundant and frequently well-preserved component of many Mesozoic fossil floras, often playing an important ecological role in flood plain vegetation communities. During a recent study focusing on stomatal indices of Triassic-Jurassic fossil plants, it became evident that the leaf fragments of two bennettite genera Anomozamites Schimper (1870) emend. Harris (1969) and Pterophyllum Brongniart (1825) display a significant overlap of leaf shape as well as cuticular characters. Owing to the preference of recognition of single taxa (ideally species) for the stomatal method, we use a database of 70 leaf fragments of Anomozamites and Pterophyllum compressions from five isotaphonomic Late Triassic sedimentary beds of Astartekloft in East Greenland to test whether leaf and cuticle fragments of the two genera can be separated using a range of quantitative and qualitative morphological and statistical analyses. None of the observed characters - including stomatal frequencies could be applied to separate the fragments of the two genera into well-defined groups. Our results therefore indicate that fragmented material and dispersed cuticles cannot be utilized to distinguish between Anomozamites or Pterophyllum at the genus level, but that instead these cuticle fragments may be used interchangeably as stomatal proxies. Classification of fossil leaves into either of these genera is thus only possible given adequate preservation of macro-morphology and is not possible based solely on cuticle morphology. We suggest that this large inter- and intra-generic morphological variation in both leaf and cuticle traits within Anomozamites and Pterophyllum may be related to the bennettites' role as understory plants, experiencing a range of micro-environmental conditions, perhaps depending mainly on sun exposure. Based on the results obtained in this study, we conclude that Anomozamites and Pterophyllum cuticle fragments can be employed interchangeably in palaeo [CO(2)] reconstructions based on the stomatal method, thus potentially annexing a plethora of bennettitalean fossil plant material as CO(2) proxies, including dispersed cuticles.},
  issn = {0031-0239}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_leporifabio_2009,
  title = {Deterministic control on community assembly peaks at intermediate levels of disturbance},
  author = {Lepori, Fabio and Malmqvist, Björn},
  year = {2009},
  journal = {Oikos},
  volume = {3},
  number = {118},
  pages = {471--479},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1600-0706.2008.16989.x},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley-Blackwell},
  keywords = {species traits; stream; biodiversity; diversity; patterns; forest; invertebrates; heterogeneity; equilibrium; environment},
  abstract = {Despite long-standing research, the processes that drive community assembly remain poorly understood. We censused macroinvertebrate communities and measured flood disturbance in 17 Scandinavian mountain streams to assess the hypothesis that communities are shaped by stochastic processes under stable conditions, and increasingly by deterministic processes as disturbance becomes more severe. Each study stream was categorized as being stable (n=5), intermediate (n=7), or disturbed (n=5) depending on the severity of scouring floods. Following spring floods, the number of potential colonisers decreased with increasing disturbance, suggesting that disturbance filtered out species unable to cope with the stress involved. Communities at stable sites had the highest beta diversity, indicating that stochastic processes of community assembly were most important under the least disturbed conditions. In partial contrast with our predictions, the lowest beta diversity occurred between intermediate (not disturbed) sites, suggesting that increasing disturbance first enhances determinism but then rekindles stochasticity at severity levels beyond intermediate. Macroinvertebrate communities were shaped by deterministic processes, which recruit potential regional colonists depending on niche differences and disturbance conditions and by stochastic processes, which distribute the selected species randomly among individual localities. Although often considered opposing, stochastic and deterministic processes interact hierarchically, with relative strength modified by disturbance.},
  issn = {0030-1299}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_leedald_2010,
  title = {Visualization approaches for communicating real-time flood forecasting level and inundation information},
  author = {Leedal, D. and Neal, J. and Beven, Keith J. and Young, P. and Bates, P.},
  year = {2010},
  journal = {Journal of Flood Risk Management},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {140--150},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1753-318X.2010.01063.x},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {carlisle; data-based mechanistic; inundation; lisflood-fp; real-time flood forecasting; uncertainty; atmosphere and hydrosphere sciences},
  abstract = {The January 2005 flood event in the Eden catchment (UK) has focused considerable research effort towards strengthening and extending operational flood forecasting in the region. The Eden catchment has become a key study site within the remit of phase two of the Flood Risk Management Research Consortium. This paper presents a synthesis of results incorporating model uncertainty analysis, computationally efficient real-time data assimilation/forecasting algorithms, two-dimensional (2D) inundation modelling, and data visualization for decision support. The emphasis here is on methods of presenting information from a new generation of probabilistic flood forecasting models. Using Environment Agency rain and river-level gauge data, a data-based mechanistic model is identified and incorporated into a modified Kalman Filter (KF) data assimilation algorithm designed for real-time flood forecasting applications. The KF process generates forecasts within a probabilistic framework. A simulation of the 6-h ahead forecast for river levels at Sheepmount (Carlisle) covering the January 2005 flood event is presented together with methods of visualizing the associated uncertainty. These methods are then coupled to the 2D hydrodynamic LISFLOOD-FP model to produce real-time flood inundation maps. The value of incorporating probabilistic information is emphasized.},
  issn = {1753-318X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_rynellhlndavid_2024,
  title = {Arthropod diversity in constructed wetlands is affected strongly by shoreline properties but only weakly by grazing},
  author = {Rynell Åhlén, David and Jarsjö, Jerker and Jonsell, Mats and Klatt, Björn K. and Schneider, Lea D. and Strand, John and Hambäck, Peter A.},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Journal of Biogeography},
  volume = {12},
  number = {51},
  pages = {2323--2333},
  doi = {10.1111/jbi.14997},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Chichester : Wiley},
  keywords = {agriculture; arthropods; biodiversity; constructed wetlands; grazing management; shoreline properties; sweden},
  abstract = {Aim: Aquatic-terrestrial transition zones contain features essential for many species that often benefit wetland biodiversity. Shallow flood-zone areas and reed beds are indicative of natural wetland habitats; however, how such features affect the native arthropod biodiversity in constructed wetlands is scarcely investigated. We asked how these shoreline features, as well as wetland shoreline properties and grazing management, influence riparian arthropod diversities and habitat specializations. Location: Constructed wetlands, Sweden. Taxa: Araneae, Coleoptera, Diptera. Methods: Taxonomic-, phylogenetic- and trait diversities, along with habitat specialist species richness, were measured in riparian spiders, beetles and selected Diptera in 68 constructed wetlands in two regions of Sweden. We ran structural equation models to estimate direct and indirect effects from shoreline slope, flooded grassland, reed areas and grazing management on group diversities, and used multivariate models to determine drivers on habitat specialist species richness. Results: Flooded grassland and reed area, along with shoreline slope influenced arthropod diversities, and responses differed between arthropod groups and diversity metrics. Spider trait diversity was greater in wetlands with larger flooded grassland areas, whilst beetle trait diversity was reduced. Spider phylogenetic diversity was greater in wetlands containing larger reed areas and in wetlands with steeper shorelines. However, species richness in predatory flies was greater in wetlands with more gentle shorelines. Grazing management had limited effects on arthropod diversities; however, species richness in wetland specialist and generalist predatory dipterans was greater in the absence of grazers in wetlands with greater flooded grassland areas. Main Conclusions: As requirements vary considerably among arthropods, care must be taken when constructing and managing wetlands to benefit arthropod biodiversity. The present results suggest wetlands with a varied shoreline, albeit with greater proportions of flood areas, or multiple adjacent wetlands with varying shores in a wet landscape and a mild grazing regiment, would accommodate a more diverse arthropod fauna.},
  issn = {0305-0270}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_smithpj_2013,
  title = {Testing probabilistic adaptive real-time flood forecasting models},
  author = {Smith, P. J. and Beven, Keith J. and Leedal, D. and Weerts, A. H. and Young, P. C.},
  year = {2013},
  journal = {Journal of Flood Risk Management},
  volume = {3},
  number = {7},
  pages = {265--279},
  doi = {10.1111/jfr3.12055},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {forecast; modelling; uncertainty analysis},
  abstract = {Operational flood forecasting has become a complex and multifaceted task, increasingly being treated in probabilistic ways to allow for the inherent uncertainties in the forecasting process. This paper reviews recent applications of data-based mechanistic (DBM) models within the operational UK National Flood Forecasting System. The position of DBM models in the forecasting chain is considered along with their offline calibration and validation. The online adaptive implementation with assimilation of water level information as used for forecasting is outlined. Two example applications based upon UK locations where severe flooding has occurred, the River Eden at Carlisle and River Severn at Shrewsbury, are presented.},
  issn = {1753-318X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_breinlkorbinian_2015,
  title = {A joint modelling framework for daily extremes of river discharge and precipitation in urban areas},
  author = {Breinl, Korbinian and Strasser, Ulrich and Bates, Paul D and Kienberger, Stefan},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Journal of Flood Risk Management},
  doi = {10.1111/jfr3.12150},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  abstract = {Human settlements are often at risk from multiple hydro-meteorological hazards, which include fluvial floods, short-time extreme precipitation (leading to ‘pluvial’ floods) or coastal floods. In the past, considerable scientific effort has been devoted to assessing fluvial floods. Only recently have methods been developed to assess the hazard and risk originating from pluvial phenomena, whereas little effort has been dedicated to joint approaches. The aim of this study was to develop a joint modelling framework for simulating daily extremes of river discharge and precipitation in urban areas. The basic framework is based on daily observations coupled with a novel precipitation disaggregation algorithm using nearest neighbour resampling combined with the method of fragments to overcome data limitations and facilitate its transferability. The framework generates dependent time series of river discharge and urban precipitation that allow for the identification of fluvial flood days (daily peak discharge), days of extreme precipitation potentially leading to pluvial phenomena (maximum hourly precipitation) and combined fluvial–pluvial flood days (combined time series). Critical thresholds for hourly extreme precipitation were derived from insurance and fire service data.},
  issn = {1753-318X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hedelinbeatrice_2015_1,
  title = {The EU floods directive in Sweden: Opportunities for integrated and participatory flood risk planning},
  author = {Hedelin, Beatrice},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Journal of Flood Risk Management},
  volume = {2},
  number = {10},
  pages = {226--237},
  doi = {10.1111/jfr3.12162},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: John Wiley & Sons},
  keywords = {eu floods directive; flood risk management plan; implementation; integrated; participatory; sustainable development; sweden; environmental science},
  abstract = {This study analyses the implementation of the EU Floods Directive in Sweden. The question here centres on the possibilities promoted by the directive for sustainable flood risk management, with an emphasis on integrated and participatory management forms. Key persons are interviewed, using a set of criteria for sustainable river basin management as a theoretical framework. The study shows that work in this area is guided by a wide array of values, and that the involved experts provide a broad knowledge basis for this work. The need for better coordination between authorities, pieces of legislation and policy fields however remains critical while the merits of participatory planning approaches are not yet sufficiently utilised. One of the primary tasks here is to develop a shared understanding of the formal context and roles of the process while also developing forms for effective collaboration both within the new administration and between the administration and other key actors, most importantly the municipalities. The case of Sweden can provide useful insights into this process for other member states.},
  issn = {1753-318X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_collentinedennis_2016,
  title = {Realising the potential of natural water retention measures in catchment flood management: trade-offs and matching interests},
  author = {Collentine, Dennis and Futter, Martyn},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Journal of Flood Risk Management},
  number = {11},
  pages = {76--84},
  doi = {10.1111/jfr3.12269},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {digital terrain modelling; economic assessment; flood mitigation},
  abstract = {Natural water retention measures (NWRM) are a multifunctional form of green infrastructure that can play an important role in catchment-scale flood risk management. While green infrastructure based on natural processes is increasingly recognised as being complementary to traditional flood control strategies based on grey infrastructure in urban areas, there are a number of outstanding challenges with their widespread uptake. At a catchment scale, it is widely accepted that NWRM in upstream areas based on the concept of 'keeping the rain where it falls' can help reduce the risk of downstream flooding by enhancing or restoring natural hydrological processes including interception, evapotranspiration, infiltration, and ponding. However, both the magnitude of flood risk reduction and the institutional structures needed for widespread uptake of NWRM are inadequately understood. Implementing NWRM can involve trade-offs, especially in agricultural areas. Measures based on drainage management and short rotation forestry may help 'keep the rain where it falls' but can result in foregone farm income. To identify situations where the implementation of NWRM may be warranted, an improved understanding of the likely reductions in downstream urban flood risk, the required institutional structures for risk management and transfer, and mutually acceptable farm compensation schemes are all needed.},
  issn = {1753-318X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_grahntonje_2018,
  title = {Insured flood damage in Sweden, 1987-2013},
  author = {Grahn, Tonje and Olsson, Jonas},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Journal of Flood Risk Management},
  volume = {3},
  number = {12},
  pages = {3},
  doi = {10.1111/jfr3.12465},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Blackwell Publishing},
  keywords = {climate change; extreme rainfall; flood damage; insurance claims; risk and environmental studies; risk- och miljöstudier},
  abstract = {This study uses insurance claims as a proxy for property damage to analyse flood damage in Sweden between the years 1987 and 2013. The number of compensated insurance claims per year has risen rapidly during this period. As much as 70% of the claims are caused by flood damage occurring during the summer months June, July, and August, when intense rain with low predictability is common. To explore the damage trend a time series cross sectional analysis using four different fixed effect models was applied to the data set. Due to data scarcity, the time series had to be limited to 16years and contain a total of 304 damage observations. The potentially explanatory climate related factor extreme rain, defined as >6 mm/15min, and the socioeconomic factors gross regional product (GRP) per capita and housing stock were tested as explanatory factors. The GRP per capita and housing stock were found to be significant in two regression models. The estimated effect of extreme rainfall events exceeded the effects of GRP per capita and housing stock in the models. Extreme rain was robust to model specification and was found to have a highly significant impact on Swedish flood damage.},
  issn = {1753-318X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_blumenthalbarbara_2018_1,
  title = {The impact of intense rainfall on insurance losses in two Swedish cities},
  author = {Blumenthal, Barbara and Nyberg, Lars},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Journal of Flood Risk Management},
  number = {12},
  pages = {1--13},
  doi = {10.1111/jfr3.12504},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Hoboken : Wiley-Blackwell},
  keywords = {flash flood; flood damage; flood damage function; insured flood loss; rainfallintensity; urban flood; skyfall; översvämningar; regnintensitet; försäkringsskador; risk and environmental studies; risk- och miljöstudier},
  abstract = {While a major part of previous research in the field of flood damage has focused on water depth as the most important causal factor, little attention has been paid to the role of rainfall intensity. As a test, this paper used correlation and regression analyses to investigate rainfall intensity as a factor affecting flood damage. For a time period of 15 years, the relationship between insurance losses caused by floods and rainfall intensity data from rain gauges were examined in two Swedish cities. Another objective was to find an approach for damage functions based on rainfall intensity as explanatory variable. Using linear regression, two approaches with considerable high degrees of explanation were found – one based on an exponential function and one on a power function. Using a lower limit for rainfall intensity, the approaches reached degrees of explanation between 30 and 78 %. From this study it was concluded that rainfall intensity during the summer months and the occurrence of insurance damages per day caused by floods were correlated and further that rainfall intensity has a great potential to explain urban flood damages. In the future, additional studies are needed to validate the proposed methods and integrate other flood damage affecting factors in the approach.},
  issn = {1753-318X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_boeleeleonore_2019,
  title = {Estimation of uncertainty in flood forecasts—A comparison of methods},
  author = {Boelee, Leonore and Lumbroso, Darren M. and Samuels, Paul G. and Cloke, Hannah L.},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Journal of Flood Risk Management},
  number = {12},
  pages = {1},
  doi = {10.1111/jfr3.12516},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {ensembles; flood forecasting; probabilistic; uncertainty},
  abstract = {The scientific literature has many methods for estimating uncertainty, however, there is a lack of information about the characteristics, merits, and limitations of the individual methods, particularly for making decisions in practice. This paper provides an overview of the different uncertainty methods for flood forecasting that are reported in literature, concentrating on two established approaches defined as the ensemble and the statistical approach. Owing to the variety of flood forecasting and warning systems in operation, the question "which uncertainty method is most suitable for which application" is difficult to answer readily. The paper aims to assist practitioners in understanding how to match an uncertainty quantification method to their particular application using two flood forecasting system case studies in Belgium and Canada. These two specific applications of uncertainty estimation from the literature are compared, illustrating statistical and ensemble methods, and indicating the information and output that these two types of methods offer. The advantages, disadvantages and application of the two different types of method are identified. Although there is no one "best" uncertainty method to fit all forecasting systems, this review helps to explain the current commonly used methods from the available literature for the non-specialist.},
  issn = {1753-318X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_chenaifang_2020_1,
  title = {Flood impact on Mainland Southeast Asia between 1985 and 2018 — The role of tropical cyclones},
  author = {Chen, Aifang and Giese, Markus and Chen, Deliang},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Journal of Flood Risk Management},
  volume = {2},
  number = {13},
  pages = {2},
  doi = {10.1111/jfr3.12598},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {floods; mainland southeast asia; mortality; tropical cyclone},
  abstract = {Floods are disastrous natural hazards accused of human live losses. As a flood‐prone area, Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA) has often been hit by floods, resulting in the highest fatality in the world. Despite the destructive flood impacts, how has flood occurrence changed over the past decades, and to what extent did floods affect the MSEA are not yet clear. Using the Dartmouth Flood Observatory large flood data archive, we aim to assess the trend of flood occurrence in the MSEA in 1985–2018, and quantify the associated impacts on humans. Particularly, the contribution of tropical cyclone (TC) landfall induced floods (TCFloods) is quantified, because of the frequent TC landfalls. Results show that (a) occurrence and maximum magnitude of floods by all causes (ALLFloods) significantly increased (p <.01), but not for TCFloods; (b) On average, TCFloods accounted for 24.6% occurrence of ALLFloods; (c) TCFloods caused higher mortality and displacement rate than ALLFloods did. As low flood protection standards in Cambodia and Myanmar is considered a reason for high flood‐induced mortalities, building higher flood protection standards should be taken as a priority for mitigating potential flood impacts. With quantifying flood occurrence and impacts, this study offers scientific understandings for better flood risk management.},
  issn = {1753-318X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_zsoterervin_2020,
  title = {Using ensemble reforecasts to generate flood thresholds for improved global flood forecasting},
  author = {Zsoter, Ervin and Prudhomme, Christel and Stephens, Elisabeth and Pappenberger, Florian and Cloke, Hannah},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Journal of Flood Risk Management},
  volume = {4},
  number = {13},
  pages = {4},
  doi = {10.1111/jfr3.12658},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {ensemble reforecasts; flood forecasting; flood thresholds; forecast lead times; global predictions; reanalysis; river discharge},
  abstract = {Global flood forecasting systems rely on predefining flood thresholds to highlight potential upcoming flood events. Existing methods for flood threshold definition are often based on reanalysis datasets using a single threshold across all forecast lead times, such as in the Global Flood Awareness System. This leads to inconsistencies between how the extreme flood events are represented in the flood thresholds and the ensemble forecasts. This paper explores the potential benefits of using river flow ensemble reforecasts to generate flood thresholds that can deliver improved reliability and skill, increasing the confidence in the forecasts for humanitarian and civil protection partners. The choice of dataset and methods used to sample annual maxima in the threshold computation, both for reanalysis and reforecast, is analysed in terms of threshold magnitude, forecast reliability, and skill for different flood severity levels and lead times. The variability of threshold magnitudes, when estimated from the different annual maxima samples, can be extremely large, as can the subsequent impact on forecast skill. Reanalysis-based thresholds should only be used for the first few days, after which ensemble-reforecast-based thresholds, that vary with forecast lead time and can account for the forecast bias trends, provide more reliable and skilful flood forecasts.},
  issn = {1753-318X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mehringphiala_2021,
  title = {Going home for tea and medals: How members of the flood risk management authorities in England construct flooding and flood risk management},
  author = {Mehring, Phiala and Geoghegan, Hilary and Cloke, Hannah L. and Clark, Joanna M.},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Journal of Flood Risk Management},
  volume = {1},
  number = {15},
  pages = {1},
  doi = {10.1111/jfr3.12768},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: John Wiley & Sons},
  keywords = {engage; flood authorities; flood communities; flood risk management; flooding; resilience; uk floods and water management act},
  abstract = {The construction of flooding and flood risk management are complex and there is potential for dissonance between individual and institutional understanding and experience of both. In this article, we start by investigating how flooding is managed and the change in paradigm from flood defence to more adaptive approaches, which embed resilience into flood risk management. Using analysis of semi-structured interviews with members of the flood authorities in England, we explore how flood management authorities construct 'flooding' and establish that it is often defined by in-the-moment impacts. Whilst these in-the-moment impacts are understood to be devastating, there is less appreciation of long-term human impacts of living at risk of flooding. We uncover how the construction of 'flood risk management' by the flood authorities is complicated by factors, such as the construction of resilience, availability of funding, technical expertise and responsibility fragmentation that the Floods and Water Management Act (2010) has created. We conclude that the differing constructions of flooding and flood risk management between flood management authorities in England hinder how flooding is managed. Therefore, we propose that a more nuanced understanding of flooding and flood risk management is essential for effective partnership working between flood risk management authorities and communities.},
  issn = {1753-318X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_badjanaheoumaleki_2023,
  title = {Can hydrological models assess the impact of natural flood management in groundwater-dominated catchments?},
  author = {Badjana, Heou Maleki and Cloke, Hannah and Verhoef, Anne and Julich, Stefan and Camargos, Carla and Collins, Sarah and Macdonald, David M. J. and McGuire, Patrick C. and Clark, Joanna},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Journal of Flood Risk Management},
  volume = {3},
  number = {16},
  pages = {3},
  doi = {10.1111/jfr3.12912},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: John Wiley & Sons},
  keywords = {hydrological model; lowland catchment; modelling framework; natural flood management; uncertainties},
  abstract = {Natural flood management (NFM) is widely promoted for managing flood risks but the effectiveness of different types of NFM schemes at medium (100-1000 km(2)) and large scales (>1000 km(2)) remains widely unknown. This study demonstrates the importance of fully understanding the impact of model structure, calibration and uncertainty techniques on the results before the NFM assessment is undertaken. Land-based NFM assessment is undertaken in two medium-scale lowland catchments within the Thames River basin (UK) with a modelling approach that uses the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model within an uncertainty framework. The model performed poorly in groundwater-dominated areas (P-factor 0.6). The model performed better in areas dominated by surface and interflow processes (P-factor >0.5 and R-factor <0.6) and here hypothetical experiments converting land to broadleaf woodland and cropland showed that the model offers good potential for the assessment of NFM effectiveness. However, the reduction of large flood flows greater than 4% in medium-sized catchments would require afforestation of more than 75% of the area. Whilst hydrological models, and specifically SWAT, can be useful tools in assessing the effectiveness of NFM, these results demonstrate that they cannot be applied in all settings.},
  issn = {1753-318X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_salvatiaryan_2023,
  title = {Flood susceptibility mapping using support vector regression and hyper-parameter optimization},
  author = {Salvati, Aryan and Nia, Alireza Moghaddam and Salajegheh, Ali and Ghaderi, Kayvan and Asl, Dawood Talebpour and Al-Ansari, Nadhir and Solaimani, Feridon and Clague, John J.},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Journal of Flood Risk Management},
  volume = {4},
  number = {16},
  pages = {4},
  doi = {10.1111/jfr3.12920},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: John Wiley and Sons Inc},
  keywords = {flood susceptibility; gis; hyper-parameter optimization; iran; linear kernel; svr; soil mechanics},
  abstract = {Floods are both complex and destructive, and in most parts of the world cause injury, death, loss of agricultural land, and social disruption. Flood susceptibility (FS) maps are used by land-use managers and land owners to identify areas that are at risk from flooding and to plan accordingly. This study uses machine learning ensembles to produce objective and reliable FS maps for the Haraz watershed in northern Iran. Specifically, we test the ability of the support vector regression (SVR), together with linear kernel (LK), base classifier (BC), and hyper-parameter optimization (HPO), to identify flood-prone areas in this watershed. We prepared a map of 201 past floods to predict future floods. Of the 201 flood events, 151 (75%) were used for modeling and 50 (25%) were used for validation. Based on the relevant literature and our field survey of the study area, 10 effective factors were selected and prepared for flood zoning. The results show that three of the 10 factors are most important for predicting flood-sensitive areas, specifically and in order of importance, slope, distance to the river and river. Additionally, the SVR-HPO model, with area under the curve values of 0.986 and 0.951 for the training and testing phases, outperformed the other two tested models.},
  issn = {1753-318X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_speightlinda_2023,
  title = {Recommendations to improve the interpretation of global flood forecasts to support international humanitarian operations for tropical cyclones},
  author = {Speight, Linda and Stephens, Elizabeth and Hawker, Laurence and Baugh, Calum and Neal, Jeffrey and Cloke, Hannah and Grey, Stephen and Titley, Helen and Marsden, Katherine and Sumner, Tim and Ficchi, Andrea and Prudhomme, Christel and Archer, Leanne and Bazo, Juan and Dambo, Jânio and Dolan, Siobhan and Huhn, Anna Lena and Moschini, Francesca and Savage, James and Smith, Andy and Towner, Jamie and Wanzala, Maureen},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Journal of Flood Risk Management},
  volume = {1},
  number = {18},
  pages = {1},
  doi = {10.1111/jfr3.12952},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: John Wiley & Sons},
  keywords = {anticipatory action; eloise; global flood models; impact-based forecasts; iota; tropical cyclones},
  abstract = {International humanitarian organisations increasingly turn to forecast teams to support the coordination of efforts to respond to disasters caused by hazards such as tropical cyclones and large-scale fluvial floods. Such disasters often occur where there is limited local capacity or information available to support decision making and so global forecasting capacity is utilised to provide impact-based flood forecast bulletins. A multidisciplinary team joined together to provide forecast bulletins and expertise for such events through the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Development Office (FCDO). This paper captures the successes and challenges from two cyclones: Hurricane Iota in Central America (November 2020) and Cyclone Eloise in Mozambique (January 2021). Recommendations to improve global forecasting systems are made which will benefit the international community of researchers and practitioners involved in disaster prediction, anticipatory action and response. These include the need for additional data and expertise to support the interpretation of global models, clear documentation to support decision makers faced with multiple sources of information, and the development of user relevant metrics to assess the skill of global models. We discuss the value of effective partnerships and improving synergies between global models and local contexts, highlighting how global forecasting can help build local forecasting capability.},
  issn = {1753-318X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_arvidssonbjrn_2024,
  title = {Flood risk assessments—Exploring maturity and challenges in Sweden},
  author = {Arvidsson, Björn and Johansson, Jonas},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Journal of Flood Risk Management},
  volume = {2},
  number = {17},
  pages = {2},
  doi = {10.1111/jfr3.12973},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Blackwell Publishing},
  abstract = {Floods are destructive to society. Hence, to assess and manage flood risk is imperative. Flood risk assessments require several layers of analysis, from flood hazard to societal impact. This paper explores the maturity level and challenges related to three components of a comprehensive risk assessment: flood hazard, direct consequences, and indirect consequences. This is achieved by introducing and applying a maturity framework on flood hazard reports and flood risk management plans in Sweden, as required by the EU Floods Directive (FD). A longitudinal analysis is conducted over two FD cycles (2009–2015 and 2016–2021). Complementary interviews with county administrative boards and responsible authorities provide deeper insights into processes and practical challenges. The results reveal that the maturity level of flood hazard assessment is high, while direct and, in particular, indirect consequences assessments need increased attention and substantial improvements. Further, there is no significant increase inmaturity between the FD cycles, indicating fundamental challenges towards achieving this. Critical steps forward include developing applicable methods for analysing both direct and indirect consequences of floods, improving data availability on functionality and interdependency of critical infrastructure and society at large, and creating incentives for a broader range of societal actors to participate in flood risk management.},
  issn = {1753-318X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_brandoabderramanramorim_2025_1,
  title = {Artificial Neural Networks for Flood Prediction in Current and CMIP6 Climate Change Scenarios},
  author = {Brandão, Abderraman R.Amorim and Schwamback, Dimaghi and de Menezes Filho, Frederico C.M. and Oliveira, Paulo T.S. and Fava, Maria Clara},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Journal of Flood Risk Management},
  volume = {1},
  number = {18},
  pages = {1},
  doi = {10.1111/jfr3.70029},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Blackwell Publishing},
  abstract = {Researchers have widely applied discharge simulation using artificial neural networks (ANNs) and have gained prominence in water resources. Morphological features, watershed urbanization, and climate change influence hydrological variables. Thus, data-driven models need to be able to identify the hydrological relationships without explicitly stating the physical processes. The main objectives of this work were (i) to evaluate an ANN Multilayer Perceptron for flood forecasting in an urban basin and its efficiency for several lead times; (ii) to evaluate discharge variation considering climate change scenarios. The study applied the methodology in a basin occupied by the Cerrado biome, with its intermediate outlet in an urban area that suffers from recurrent floods. The selection of climate change models followed from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 scenarios Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP)2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 for two futures: 2021–2050 and 2071–2100, with the period of 1976–2019 as reference. The model obtained satisfactory results for the discharge prediction at the current time and for a horizon of up to 4 days. However, forecasts for longer lead times led to metrics deterioration. Furthermore, future projections suggest decreased discharges, more extreme events, and increased short return-period floods. The developed model is valuable for short-term forecasting and water resources management in the face of changing climates.},
  issn = {1753-318X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_slaterben_2019,
  title = {Early Cambrian small carbonaceous fossils (SCFs) from an impact crater in western Finland},
  author = {Slater, Ben and Willman, Sebastian},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Lethaia},
  volume = {4},
  number = {52},
  pages = {570--582},
  doi = {10.1111/let.12331},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Scandinavian University Press / Universitetsforlaget AS},
  keywords = {acritarchs; baltica; cambrian explosion; finland; impact structure; small carbonaceous fossils},
  abstract = {We describe an assemblage of small carbonaceous fossils (SCFs) and acritarchs from cored siltstones of the Lappajärvi impact structure, west‐central Finland. Previous studies had detected a depauperate acritarch biota ascribed to a deep Proterozoic origin—this age, however, was based on recovery of long‐ranging poorly age‐diagnostic sphaeromorphs. To resolve the age and provenance of these crater sediments, we applied low‐manipulation processing techniques optimized for retrieval of larger organic‐walled microfossils. Our study revealed a previously undetected assemblage containing numerous metazoan SCFs consisting of flattened ‘protoconodonts’ (grasping spines assignable to total group Chaetognatha) and a distinctive fossilised chaeta, possibly representing the oldest known annelid remains. Phylogenetically problematic fossils include various acritarchs (large Leiosphaeridia sp., Tasmanites tenellus, smaller sphaeromorphs, Synsphaeridium, Archaeodiscina and Granomarginata) and filamentous forms (Palaeolyngbya‐ and Rugosoopsis‐like filaments, Siphonophycus), likely representing prokaryotic or protistan grades of organisation. As well as adding new diversity to an emerging SCFs record, these data substantially refine the age of these sediments by more than half a billion years, to an early Cambrian Terreneuvian age. More specifically, the assemblage is equivalent to that of the Lontova Formation from the Baltic States and northwest Russia, but is previously unreported from Finland. Identification of Lontova‐type SCFs/organic‐walled microfossils at Lappajärvi further constrains the poorly resolved extent of maximum flooding during the early Cambrian in Baltica. Renewed attention should be directed to strata that have thus far produced only biostratigraphically long‐ranging or ambiguous palynological assemblages—‘SCF‐style’ processing can reveal hitherto undetected, age‐informative microfossils that are otherwise selectively removed in conventional palynological studies.},
  issn = {0024-1164}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_merlerenaud_2017,
  title = {Origin and transportation history of lunar breccia 14311},
  author = {Merle, Renaud and Nemchin, Alexander and Whitehouse, Martin and Pidgeon, Robert and Grange, Marion and Snape, Joshua and Thiessen, Fiona},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Meteoritics and Planetary Science},
  volume = {5},
  number = {52},
  pages = {842--858},
  doi = {10.1111/maps.12835},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {lunar breccia; apollo 14; impact chronology; the changing earth; den föränderliga jorden},
  abstract = {In this paper, we compare the U-Pb zircon age distribution pattern of sample 14311 from the Apollo 14 landing site with those from other breccias collected at the same landing site. Zircons in breccia 14311 show major age peaks at 4340 and 4240 Ma and small peaks at 4110, 4030, and 3960 Ma. The zircon age patterns of breccia 14311 and other Apollo 14 breccias are statistically different suggesting a separate provenance and transportation history for these breccias. This interpretation is supported by different U-Pb Ca-phosphate and exposure ages for breccia 14311 (Ca-phosphate age: 3938 ± 4 Ma, exposure age: ~550–660 Ma) from the other Apollo 14 breccias (Ca-phosphate age: 3927 ± 2 Ma, compatible with the Imbrium impact, exposure age: ~25–30 Ma). Based on these observations, we consider two hypotheses for the origin and transportation history of sample 14311. (1) Breccia 14311 was formed in the Procellarum KREEP terrane by a 3938 Ma-old impact and deposited near the future site of the Imbrium basin. The breccia was integrated into the Fra Mauro Formation during the deposition of the Imbrium impact ejecta at 3927 Ma. The zircons were annealed by mare basalt flooding at 3400 Ma at Apollo 14 landing site. Eventually, at approximately 660 Ma, a small and local impact event excavated this sample and it has been at the surface of the Moon since this time. (2) Breccia 14311 was formed by a 3938 Ma-old impact. The location of the sample is not known at that time but at 3400 Ma, it was located nearby or buried by hot basaltic flows. It was transported from where it was deposited to the Apollo 14 landing site by an impact at approximately 660 Ma, possibly related to the formation of the Copernicus crater and has remained at the surface of the Moon since this event. This latter hypothesis is the simplest scenario for the formation and transportation history of the 14311 breccia.},
  issn = {1086-9379}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_steinthorsdottirmargret_2017_1,
  title = {Endo- and epilithic faunal succession in a Pliocene-Pleistocene cave on Rhodes, Greece – record of a transgression},
  author = {Steinthorsdottir, Margret and Håkansson, Eckart},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Palaeontology},
  number = {60},
  pages = {663--681},
  doi = {10.1111/pala.12312},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {London : Wiley},
  keywords = {fossil cave; ichnofossils; calcareous sponge; endolithic-epilithic fauna; transgression; mediterranean; ecosystems and species history; ekosystem och arthistoria},
  abstract = {A fossil cave and associated sediments and fossil fauna located on the Greek island of Rhodes in the eastern Aegean Sea is reported here, and the depositional history discussed. The sediments were deposited during the late Pliocene, in the interstitial space between basement boulders of up to 1500 tons. The depositional history of the cave comprises eight stages. From initial flooding, the basin experienced a continuous transgression with sea-level rise in excess of 500 m, followed by a rapid, forced regression of similar magnitude. The recognition of a succession of fossil communities illustrates this transgression, with a seemingly abrupt shift from endolithic to epilithic biota dominance late in the transgressive cycle. The communities recording the increasing water depth from 0 to >150 m are: The Gatrochaenolithes torpedo (bivalve boring) and Entobia gonioides (sponge boring) ichnocoenosis, with peak distribution between 0 and 1 m water depth; the E. gonioides – E. magna ichnocoenosis, with 1–5 m depth peak distribution; the exclusive E. magna ichnocoenosis, with 5–40 m depth peak distribution; and the E. giganteaichnocoenosis, with a peak distribution approaching 150–200 m. Below this depth, an epilithic community without boring organisms takes over, characterized by the calcareous sponge Merliacf. normani, and the inarticulate brachiopod Novocrania turbinata. Simultaneously with the succession of the endo- and epilithic cave wall fossil communities, skeletal calcarenite accumulated on the cave floor; the erosional remnants of this sediment are insufficient to further expand the overall transgression–regression model.},
  issn = {0031-0239}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_boutonanthony_2016,
  title = {External controls on the distribution, fabrics and mineralization of modern microbial mats in a coastal hypersaline lagoon, Cayo Coco (Cuba)},
  author = {Bouton, Anthony and Vennin, Emmanuelle and Pace, Aurélie and Bourillot, Raphaël and Dupraz, Christophe and Thomazo, Christophe and Brayard, Arnaud and Désaubliaux, Guy and Visscher, Pieter T.},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Sedimentology},
  volume = {4},
  number = {63},
  pages = {972--1016},
  doi = {10.1111/sed.12246},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {cuba; fabric; hypersaline environment; lagoon; microbial mats; organomineralization},
  abstract = {Active, carbonate-mineralizing microbial mats flourish in a tropical, highly evaporative, marine-fed lagoonal network to the south of Cayo Coco Island (Cuba). Hypersaline conditions support the development of a complex sedimentary microbial ecosystem with diverse morphologies, a variable intensity of mineralization and a potential for preservation. In this study, the role of intrinsic (i.e. microbial) and extrinsic (i.e. physicochemical) controls on microbial mat development, mineralization and preservation was investigated. The network consists of lagoons, forming in the interdune depressions of a Pleistocene aeolian substratum; they developed due to a progressive increase in sea-level since the Holocene. The hydrological budget in the Cayo Coco lagoonal network changes from west to east, increasing the salinity. This change progressively excludes grazers and increases the saturation index of carbonate minerals, favouring the development and mineralization of microbial mats in the easternmost lagoons. Detailed mapping of the easternmost lagoon shows four zones with different flooding regimes. The microbial activity in the mats was recorded using light-dark shifts in conjunction with microelectrode O-2 and HS- profiles. High rates of O-2 production and consumption, in addition to substantial amounts of exopolymeric substances, are indicative of a potentially strong intrinsic control on mineralization. Seasonal, climate-driven water fluctuations are key for mat development, mineralization, morphology and distribution. Microbial mats show no mineralization in the permanently submersed zone, and moderate mineralization in zones with alternating immersion and exposure. It is suggested that mineralization is also driven by water-level fluctuations and evaporation. Mineralized mats are laminated and consist of alternating trapping and binding of grains and microbially induced magnesium calcite and dolomite precipitation. The macrofabrics of the mats evolve from early colonizing Flat mats to complex Cerebroid or Terrace structures. The macrofabrics are influenced by the hydrodynamic regime: wind-driven waves inducing relief terraces in windward areas and flat morphologies on the leeward side of the lagoon. Other external drivers include: (i) storm events that either promote (for example, by bioclasts covering) or prevent (for example, by causing erosion) microbial mat preservation; and (ii) subsurface degassing, through mangrove roots and desiccation cracks covered by Flat mats (i.e. forming Hemispheroids and Cerebroidal structures). These findings provide in-depth insights into understanding fossil microbialite morphologies that formed in lagoonal settings.},
  issn = {0037-0746}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_fieldingchristopher_2020,
  title = {Sedimentology of the continental end-Permian extinction eventin the Sydney Basin, eastern Australia},
  author = {Fielding, Christopher and Frank, Tracy and Tevyaw, Allen and Savatic, Katarina and Vajda, Vivi and McLoughlin, Stephen and Mays, Chris and Nicoll, Robert and Bocking, Malcolm and Crowley, James},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Sedimentology},
  number = {68},
  pages = {30--62},
  doi = {10.1111/sed.12782},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: International Association of Sedimentologists},
  keywords = {australia; end-permian extinction; fluvial architecture; permian-triassic boundary; sydney basin; the changing earth; den föränderliga jorden},
  abstract = {Upper Permian to Lower Triassic coastal plain successions of the Sydney Basin in eastern Australia have been investigated in outcrop and continuous drillcores. The purpose of the investigation is to provide an assessment of palaeoenvironmental change at high southern palaeolatitudes in a continental margin context for the late Permian (Lopingian), across the end‐Permian Extinction interval, and into the Early Triassic. These basins were affected by explosive volcanic eruptions during the late Permian and, to a much lesser extent, during the Early Triassic, allowing high‐resolution age determination on the numerous tuff horizons. Palaeobotanical and radiogenic isotope data indicate that the end‐Permian Extinction occurs at the top of the uppermost coal bed, and the Permo‐Triassic boundary either within an immediately overlying mudrock succession or within a succeeding channel sandstone body, depending on locality due to lateral variation. Late Permian depositional environments were initially (during the Wuchiapingian) shallow marine and deltaic, but coastal plain fluvial environments with extensive coal‐forming mires became progressively established during the early late Permian, reflected in numerous preserved coal seams. The fluvial style of coastal plain channel deposits varies geographically. However, apart from the loss of peat‐forming mires, no significant long‐term change in depositional style (grain size, sediment‐body architecture, or sediment dispersal direction) was noted across the end‐Permian Extinction (pinpointed by turnover of the palaeoflora). There is no evidence for immediate aridification across the boundary despite a loss of coal from these successions. Rather, the end‐Permian Extinction marks the base of a long‐term, progressive trend towards better‐drained alluvial conditions into the Early Triassic. Indeed, the floral turnover was immediately followed by a flooding event in basinal depocentres, following which fluvial systems similar to those active prior to the end‐Permian Extinction were re‐established. The age of the floral extinction is constrained to 252.54 ± 0.08 to 252.10 ± 0.06 Ma by a suite of new Chemical Abrasion Isotope Dilution Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry U‐Pb ages on zircon grains. Another new age indicates that the return to fluvial sedimentation similar to that before the end‐Permian Extinction occurred in the basal Triassic (prior to 251.51 ± 0.14 Ma). The character of the surface separating coal‐bearing pre‐end‐Permian Extinction from coal‐barren post‐end‐Permian Extinction strata varies across the basins. In basin‐central locations, the contact varies from disconformable, where a fluvial channel body has cut down to the level of the top coal, to conformable where the top coal is overlain by mudrocks and interbedded sandstone–siltstone facies. In basin‐marginal locations, however, the contact is a pronounced erosional disconformity with coarse‐grained alluvial facies overlying older Permian rocks. There is no evidence that the contact is everywhere a disconformity or unconformity.},
  issn = {0037-0746}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_vandekerkhoveelke_2021,
  title = {Signature of modern glacial lake outburst floods in fjord sediments (Baker River, southern Chile)},
  author = {Vandekerkhove, Elke and Bertrand, Sebastien and Torrejón, Fernando and Kylander, Malin E. and Reid, Brian and Saunders, Krystyna M.},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Sedimentology},
  volume = {6},
  number = {68},
  pages = {2798--2819},
  doi = {10.1111/sed.12874},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {cachet 2 lake; glof; grain size; patagonia; turbidite; toc},
  abstract = {Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) constitute a major hazard in glacierized regions. They are particularly pronounced in the Baker River watershed (Chilean Patagonia, 48°S), where 23 events occurred between 2008 and 2020. Although GLOF deposits have previously been studied in lake settings, how modern GLOFs are recorded in fjord sediments remains mostly unknown. To address this issue, ten sediment cores collected in the fjord immediately downstream of the Baker River (Martínez Channel) were investigated and compared to the recent GLOF history of the river. Results show that sediments accumulate at 2.0 to 3.4 cm year−1 and that GLOF deposits can be distinguished from background sediments by their finer grain size (5.98 ± 0.82 μm) and lower organic carbon content (0.31 ± 0.06%), reflecting the release and transport in suspension of high amounts of glacial rock flour during GLOFs. Although 21 GLOFs from Cachet 2 Lake occurred between 2008 and 2017, the first events left a stronger imprint in the sediment, suggesting that more sediment of glacial origin was released during those initial events, possibly due to lake-bed erosion. An older GLOF deposit was tentatively linked to the outburst of Las Lengas Lake in 1988. The sediment cores also contain fine-grained turbidites, especially in the prodelta area. These turbidites confirm recent channel activity, but most of them seem to have been triggered by processes other than GLOFs. Overall, the results of this study suggest that GLOF deposits are distinct from typical flood turbidites. They are best identified by their low grain size and total organic carbon content, and best archived on the delta slope, away from any submarine channel influence. Finally, these results highlight the potential of fjord sediment archives to establish pre-historical GLOF records and ultimately improve GLOF hazard assessments.},
  issn = {0037-0746}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_nilssonhampus_2021,
  title = {Dynamic spatio‐temporal flow modeling with raster DEMs},
  author = {Nilsson, Hampus and Pilesjö, Petter and Hasan, Abdulghani and Persson, Andreas},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Transactions in GIS},
  volume = {3},
  number = {26},
  pages = {1572--1588},
  doi = {10.1111/tgis.12870},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley-Blackwell},
  abstract = {A user-friendly high-resolution intermediate complexity dynamic and spatially distributed flow model is crucial in urban flood modeling. Planners and consultants need to improve the accuracy of floods and estimation of risks. A new flow model will serve as a rapid tool to improve identification of these. This article provides a detailed explanation of a model based on a multiple flow algorithm. Model testing was performed on selected urban and rural areas. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to analyze functionality. The model includes basic hydrological processes and is therefore less complex than fully physical models. The data needed to set up and run the new model include spatially and temporally distributed basic geometric and hydrologic variables (i.e., digital elevation model, precipitation, infiltration, and surface roughness). The model is implemented using open-source coding and can easily be applied to any selected area. Outputs are water volumes, depths, and velocities at different modeling times. Using GIS, results can be visualized and utilized for further analyses. The test, applied in urban as well as rural areas, demonstrates its user-friendliness, and that the estimated distributed water depths and water velocity at any time step can be saved and visualized.},
  issn = {1467-9671}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mrdjohanna_2018,
  title = {Nighttime light data reveal how flood protection shapes human proximity to rivers},
  author = {Mård, Johanna and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Mazzoleni, Maurizio},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Science Advances},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {8},
  doi = {10.1126/sciadv.aar5779},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)},
  keywords = {hydrology; hydrologi},
  abstract = {To understand the spatiotemporal changes of flood risk, we need to determine the way in which humans adapt and respond to flood events. One adaptation option consists of resettling away from flood-prone areas to prevent or reduce future losses. We use satellite nighttime light data to discern the relationship between long-term changes in human proximity to rivers and the occurrence of catastrophic flood events. Moreover, we explore how these relationships are influenced by different levels of structural flood protection. We found that societies with low protection levels tend to resettle further away from the river after damaging flood events. Conversely, societies with high protection levels show no significant changes in human proximity to rivers. Instead, such societies continue to rely heavily on structural measures, reinforcing flood protection and quickly resettling in flood-prone areas after a flooding event. Our work reveals interesting aspects of human adaptation to flood risk and offers key insights for comparing different risk reduction strategies. In addition, this study provides a framework that can be used to further investigate human response to floods, which is relevant as urbanization of floodplains continues and puts more people and economic assets at risk.},
  issn = {2375-2548}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_martensjannik_2020,
  title = {Remobilization of dormant carbon from Siberian-Arctic permafrost during three past warming events},
  author = {Martens, Jannik and Wild, Birgit and Muschitiello, Francesco and O'Regan, Matt and Jakobsson, Martin and Semiletov, Igor and Dudarev, Oleg and Gustafsson, Örjan},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Science Advances},
  volume = {42},
  number = {6},
  pages = {42},
  doi = {10.1126/sciadv.abb6546},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)},
  abstract = {Carbon cycle models suggest that past warming events in the Arctic may have caused large-scale permafrost thaw and carbon remobilization, thus affecting atmospheric CO2 levels. However, observational records are sparse, preventing spatially extensive and time-continuous reconstructions of permafrost carbon release during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene. Using carbon isotopes and biomarkers, we demonstrate that the three most recent warming events recorded in Greenland ice cores-(i) Dansgaard-Oeschger event 3 (similar to 28 ka B.P.), (ii) Bolling-Allerod (14.7 to 12.9 ka B.P.), and (iii) early Holocene (similar to 11.7 ka B.P.)-caused massive remobilization and carbon degradation from permafrost across northeast Siberia. This amplified permafrost carbon release by one order of magnitude, particularly during the last deglaciation when global sea-level rise caused rapid flooding of the land area thereafter constituting the vast East Siberian Arctic Shelf. Demonstration of past warming-induced release of permafrost carbon provides a benchmark for the sensitivity of these large carbon pools to changing climate.},
  issn = {2375-2548}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kennygaving_2022,
  title = {A Late Paleocene age for Greenland’s Hiawatha impact structure},
  author = {Kenny, Gavin G. and Hyde, William R. and Storey, Michael and Garde, Adam A. and Whitehouse, Martin J. and Beck, Pierre and Johansson, Leif and Søndergaard, Anne Sofie and Bjørk, Anders A. and MacGregor, Joseph A. and Khan, Shfaqat A. and Mouginot, Jérémie and Johnson, Brandon C. and Silber, Elizabeth A. and Wielandt, Daniel K. P. and Kjær, Kurt H. and Larsen, Nicolaj K.},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Science Advances},
  volume = {10},
  number = {8},
  pages = {10},
  doi = {10.1126/sciadv.abm2434},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)},
  keywords = {the changing earth; den föränderliga jorden},
  abstract = {The ~31-km-wide Hiawatha structure, located beneath Hiawatha Glacier in northwestern Greenland, has been proposed as an impact structure that may have formed after the Pleistocene inception of the Greenland Ice Sheet. To date the structure, we conducted 40Ar/39Ar analyses on glaciofluvial sand and U-Pb analyses on zircon separated from glaciofluvial pebbles of impact melt rock, all sampled immediately downstream of Hiawatha Glacier. Unshocked zircon in the impact melt rocks dates to ~1915 million years (Ma), consistent with felsic intrusions found in local bedrock. The 40Ar/39Ar data indicate Late Paleocene resetting and shocked zircon dates to 57.99 ± 0.54 Ma, which we interpret as the impact age. Consequently, the Hiawatha impact structure far predates Pleistocene glaciation and is unrelated to either the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum or flood basalt volcanism in east Greenland. However, it was contemporaneous with the Paleocene Carbon Isotope Maximum, although the impact’s exact paleoenvironmental and climatic significance awaits further investigation.},
  issn = {2375-2548}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_callegarosara_2023,
  title = {Recurring volcanic winters during the latest Cretaceous: Sulfur and fluorine budgets of Deccan Traps lavas},
  author = {Callegaro, Sara and Baker, Don R. and Renne, Paul R. and Melluso, Leone and Geraki, Kalotina and Whitehouse, Martin J. and De Min, Angelo and Marzoli, Andrea},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Science Advances},
  volume = {40},
  number = {9},
  pages = {40},
  doi = {10.1126/sciadv.adg8284},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)},
  keywords = {the changing earth; den föränderliga jorden},
  abstract = {Two events share the stage as main drivers of the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction—Deccan Traps volcanism, and an asteroid impact recorded by the Chicxulub crater. We contribute to refining knowledge of the volcanic stressor by providing sulfur and fluorine budgets of Deccan lavas from the Western Ghats (India), which straddle the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. Volcanic fluorine budgets were variable (400 to 3000 parts per million) and probably sufficient to affect the environment, albeit only regionally. The highest sulfur budgets (up to 1800 parts per million) are recorded in Deccan lavas emplaced just prior (within 0.1 million years) to the extinction interval, whereas later basalts are generally sulfur-poor (up to 750 parts per million). Independent evidence suggests the Deccan flood basalts erupted in high-flux pulses. Our data suggest that volcanic sulfur degassing from such activity could have caused repeated short-lived global drops in temperature, stressing the ecosystems long before the bolide impact delivered its final blow at the end of the Cretaceous.},
  issn = {2375-2548}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_pearceelenaa_2023,
  title = {Substantial light woodland and open vegetation characterized the temperate forest biome before Homo sapiens},
  author = {Pearce, Elena A. and Mazier, Florence F and Normand, Signe and Bakels, Corrie and Fyfe, Ralph and Andrieu, Valérie and Balwierz, Zofia and Bińka, Krzysztof and Boreham, Steve and Borisova, Olga K. and Broström, Anna and de Beaulieu, Jacques-Luoise and Gao, Cunhai and González-Sampériz, Penélope and Granoszewski, Wojciech and Hrynowiecka, Anna and Kołaczek, Piotr and Kuneš, Petr and Magri, Donatella and Malkiewicz, Małgorzata and Mighall, Tim and Milner, Alice M. and Möller, Per and Nita, Małgorzata and Noryśkiewicz, Bożena and Pidek, Irena Agnieszka and Reille, Maurice and Robertsson, Ann-Marie and Salonen, J. Sakari and Schläfli, Patrick and Schokker, Jeroen and Scussolini, Paolo and Šeirienė, Vaida and Strahl, Jaqueline and Urban, Brigitte and Van Beirendonck, Filip and Winter, Hanna and Svenning, Jens-Christian and de Beaulieu, Jacques-Louis},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Science Advances},
  volume = {45},
  number = {9},
  pages = {14--14},
  doi = {10.1126/sciadv.adi9135},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)},
  abstract = {The extent of vegetation openness in the temperate forest biome prior to modern humans is widely debated – particularly in Europe regarding baselines for conservation and restoration. The temperate forest biome was traditionally thought to be dense closed-canopy forest; however, this view has been challenged by arguments that large herbivores could have maintained some degree of openness, or even widespread wood pasture-like conditions. In this study, we address this question for the Last Interglacial (Eemian; 129,000 – 116,000 years ago) in Europe – prior to major human-driven defaunation and large-scale anthropogenic landscape transformation. We applied the landscape reconstruction method REVEALS to 96 Last Interglacial pollen 4 records. We found that there was substantial open and light woodland vegetation across Europe. Within the temperate forest biome, open taxa on average represented 19% of the vegetation cover in Mesocratic I, and 16% in Mesocratic II (early and late parts of the core of the interglacial, respectively), with light woodland vegetation covering an additional 60% in Mesocratic I and 34% in Mesocratic II. The degree of openness was highly variable and not well explained by environmental or climatic factors. Overall, we found much larger proportions of openness than expected under modern succession models, pointing to the importance of natural disturbance factors such as large herbivores, fires, or flooding. Our results show that the temperate forest biome was historically heterogeneous in vegetation structure, rather than uniformly dense, explaining why a large proportion of European biodiversity depends on open vegetation and light woodland habitats.},
  issn = {2375-2548}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_schultepeter_2010,
  title = {The Chicxulub Asteroid Impact and Mass Extinction at the Cretaceous-Paleogene Boundary},
  author = {Schulte, Peter and Alegret, Laia and Arenillas, Ignacio and Arz, Jose A. and Barton, Penny J. and Bown, Paul R. and Bralower, Timothy J. and Christeson, Gail L. and Claeys, Philippe and Cockell, Charles S. and Collins, Gareth S. and Deutsch, Alexander and Goldin, Tamara J. and Goto, Kazuhisa and Grajales-Nishimura, Jose M. and Grieve, Richard A. F. and Gulick, Sean P. S. and Johnson, Kirk R. and Kiessling, Wolfgang and Koeberl, Christian and Kring, David A. and MacLeod, Kenneth G. and Matsui, Takafumi and Melosh, Jay and Montanari, Alessandro and Morgan, Joanna V. and Neal, Clive R. and Nichols, Douglas J. and Norris, Richard D. and Pierazzo, Elisabetta and Ravizza, Greg and Rebolledo-Vieyra, Mario and Reimold, Wolf Uwe and Robin, Eric and Salge, Tobias and Speijer, Robert P. and Sweet, Arthur R. and Urrutia-Fucugauchi, Jaime and Vajda, Vivi and Whalen, Michael T. and Willumsen, Pi},
  year = {2010},
  journal = {Science},
  volume = {5970},
  number = {327},
  pages = {1214--1218},
  doi = {10.1126/science.1177265},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)},
  abstract = {The Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary similar to 65.5 million years ago marks one of the three largest mass extinctions in the past 500 million years. The extinction event coincided with a large asteroid impact at Chicxulub, Mexico, and occurred within the time of Deccan flood basalt volcanism in India. Here, we synthesize records of the global stratigraphy across this boundary to assess the proposed causes of the mass extinction. Notably, a single ejecta-rich deposit compositionally linked to the Chicxulub impact is globally distributed at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. The temporal match between the ejecta layer and the onset of the extinctions and the agreement of ecological patterns in the fossil record with modeled environmental perturbations (for example, darkness and cooling) lead us to conclude that the Chicxulub impact triggered the mass extinction.},
  issn = {1095-9203}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_stephanjrg_2022,
  title = {Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover},
  author = {Stephan, Jörg and Ness, Rob W. and Cohan, Beata and Fitzpatrick, Connor R. and Just, Michael G. and Koch, Sophie and Miles, Lindsay S. and Parody-Merino, Angela M. and Peres-Neto, Pedro R. and Prashad, Cindy and Tong, Alex T. and Aguirre, Windsor E. and Akinwole, Philips O. and Boehm, Mannfred M. A. and Alvarez, Jackie and Anderson, Jill T. and Anderson, Joseph J. and Ando, Yoshino and Andrew, Nigel R. and Angeoletto, Fabio and Anstett, Daniel N. and Anstett, Julia and Aoki-Goncalves, Felipe and Arietta, A. Z. Andis and Arroyo, Mary T. K. and Austen, Emily J. and Baena-Diaz, Fernanda and Barker, Cory A. and Baylis, Howard A. and Beliz, Julia M. and Benitez-Mora, Alfonso and Bickford, David and Biedebach, Gabriela and Blackburn, Gwylim S. and Bonser, Stephen P. and Bonte, Dries and Bragger, Jesse R. and Branquinho, Cristina and Brans, Kristien, I and Bresciano, Jorge C. and Brom, Peta D. and Bucharova, Anna and Heard, Stephen B. and Cahill, James F. and Campbell, Katelyn D. and Carlen, Elizabeth J. and Carmona, Diego and Castellanos, Maria Clara and Centenaro, Giada and Chalen, Izan and Chaves, Jaime A. and Chavez-Pesqueira, Mariana and Chen, Xiao-Yong and Chilton, Angela M. and Chomiak, Kristina M. and Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. and Cisse, Ibrahim K. and Classen, Aimee T. and Comerford, Mattheau S. and Fradinger, Camila Cordoba and Corney, Hannah and Crawford, Andrew J. and Crawford, Kerri M. and Dahirel, Maxime and David, Santiago and De Haan, Robert and Deacon, Nicholas J. and Dean, Clare and Del-Val, Ek and Deligiannis, Eleftherios K. and Fellowes, Mark D. E. and Dettlaff, Margarete A. and DiLeo, Michelle F. and Ding, Yuan-Yuan and Dominguez-Lopez, Moises E. and Dominoni, Davide M. and Draud, Savannah L. and Dyson, Karen and Ellers, Jacintha and Espinosa, Carlos, I and Essi, Liliana and Falahati-Anbaran, Mohsen and Falcao, Jessica C. F. and Fargo, Hayden T. and Fitzpatrick, Raina M. and Flaherty, Leah E. and Flood, Padraic J. and Flores, Maria F. and Scheepens, J. F. and Foster, Amy G. and Frost, Christopher J. and Fuentes, Tracy L. and Fulkerson, Justin R. and Gagnon, Edeline and Garbsch, Frauke and Garroway, Colin J. and Gerstein, Aleeza C. and Giasson, Mischa M. and Girdler, E. Binney and Gkelis, Spyros and Godsoe, William and Golemiec, Anneke M. and Golemiec, Mireille and Gonzalez-Lagos, Cesar and Gorton, Amanda J. and Gotanda, Kiyoko M. and Stephan, Jorg G. and Greiner, Stephan and Griffiths, Joanna S. and Grilo, Filipa and Gundel, Pedro E. and Hamilton, Benjamin and Hardin, Joyce M. and He, Tianhua and Henriques, Andre F. and Hernandez-Poveda, Melissa and Hetherington-Rauth, Molly C. and Hill, Sarah J. and Hochuli, Dieter F. and Hodgins, Kathryn A. and Hood, Glen R. and Hopkins, Gareth R. and Hovanes, Katherine A. and Howard, Ava R. and Hubbard, Sierra C. and Ibarra-Cerdena, Carlos N. and Iniguez-Armijos, Carlos and Jara-Arancio, Paola and Jarrett, Benjamin J. M. and Tack, Ayco J. M. and Jimenez-Lobato, Vania and Johnson, Mae and Johnson, Oscar and Johnson, Philip P. and Johnson, Reagan and Josephson, Matthew P. and Jung, Meen Chel and Kahilainen, Aapo and Kailing, Otto S. and Karinho-Betancourt, Eunice and Karousou, Regina and Kirn, Lauren A. and Kirschbaum, Anna and Laine, Anna-Liisa and LaMontagne, Jalene M. and Lampei, Christian and Lara, Carlos and Larson, Erica L. and Lazaro-Lobo, Adrian and Le, Jennifer H. and Leandro, Deleon S. and Lee, Christopher and Lei, Yunting and Leon, Carolina A. and Tamara, Manuel E. Lequerica and Levesque, Danica C. and Liao, Wan-Jin and Ljubotina, Megan and Locke, Hannah and Lockett, Martin T. and Longo, Tiffany C. and Lundholm, Jeremy T. and MacGillavry, Thomas and Mackin, Christopher R. and Raeymaekers, Joost A. M. and Manju, Isaac A. and Marien, Janine and Martinez, D. Nayeli and Martinez-Bartolome, Marina and Meineke, Emily K. and Mendoza-Arroyo, Wendy and Merritt, Thomas J. S. and Merritt, Lila Elizabeth L. and Migiani, Giuditta and Minor, Emily S. and Mitchell, Nora and Bazargani, Mitra Mohammadi and Moles, Angela T. and Monk, Julia D. and Moore, Christopher M. and Morales-Morales, Paula A. and Moyers, Brook T. and Munoz-Rojas, Miriam and Munshi-South, Jason and Murphy, Shannon M. and Raveala, Krista M. and Neila, Melisa and Nikolaidis, Ourania and Njunji, Iva and Nosko, Peter and Nunez-Farfan, Juan and Ohgushi, Takayuki and Olsen, Kenneth M. and Opedal, Oystein H. and Ornelas, Cristina and Parachnowitsch, Amy L. and Paratore, Aaron S. and Paule, Juraj and Paulo, Octavio S. and Pena, Joao Carlos and Pfeiffer, Vera W. and Shefferson, Richard P. and Piot, Anthony and Porth, Ilga M. and Poulos, Nicholas and Puentes, Adriana and Qu, Jiao and Quintero-Vallejo, Estela and Raciti, Steve M. and Rennison, Diana J. and Ribeiro, Milton C. and Richardson, Jonathan L. and Rivas-Torres, Gonzalo and Rivera, Benjamin J. and Roddy, Adam B. and Rodriguez-Munoz, Erika and Roman, Jose Raul and Rossi, Laura S. and Rowntree, Jennifer K. and Ryan, Travis J. and Salinas, Santiago and Sanders, Nathan J. and Santiago-Rosario, Luis Y. and Savage, Amy M. and Schilthuizen, Menno and Schneider, Adam C. and Scholier, Tiffany and Scott, Jared L. and Shaheed, Summer A. and Shepard, Caralee A. and Shykoff, Jacqui A. and Silveira, Georgianna and Smith, Alexis D. and Solis-Gabriel, Lizet and Soro, Antonella and Spellman, Katie, V and Whitney, Kaitlin Stack and Starke-Ottich, Indra and Stephens, Jessica D. and Szulc, Justyna and Szulkin, Marta and Tamburrino, Italo and Tate, Tayler D. and Tergemina, Emmanuel and Theodorou, Panagiotis and Thompson, Ken A. and Threlfall, Caragh G. and Tinghitella, Robin M. and Toledo-Chelala, Lilibeth and Tong, Xin and Uroy, Lea and Utsumi, Shunsuke and Vandegehuchte, Martijn L. and VanWallendael, Acer and Vidal, Paula M. and Wadgymar, Susana M. and Wang, Ai-Ying and Wang, Nian and Warbrick, Montana L. and Whitney, Kenneth D. and Wiesmeier, Miriam and Wiles, J. Tristian and Wu, Jianqiang and Xirocostas, Zoe A. and Yan, Zhaogui and Yao, Jiahe and Yoder, Jeremy B. and Yoshida, Owen and Zhang, Jingxiong and Zhao, Zhigang and Ziter, Carly D. and Zuellig, Matthew P. and Zufall, Rebecca A. and Zurita, Juan E. and Zytynska, Sharon E. and Johnson, Marc T. J. and Opedal, ØH.},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Science},
  number = {375},
  pages = {375},
  doi = {10.1126/science.abk0989},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)},
  abstract = {Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural dines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale.},
  issn = {0036-8075}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_talandamateusz_2017,
  title = {Upper Triassic freshwater oncoids from Silesia (southern Poland) and their microfossil biota},
  author = {Talanda, Mateusz and Bajdek, Piotr and Niedzwiedzki, Grzegorz and Sulej, Tomasz},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Palaontologie - Abhandlungen},
  volume = {1},
  number = {284},
  pages = {43--56},
  doi = {10.1127/njgpa/2017/0649},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG},
  keywords = {stromatolites; cyanobacteria; microbial structures; "wozniki limestone"; keuper},
  abstract = {Oncoids are rare components of Keuper sediments across Europe. The exceptions are localities linked to the Upper Triassic "Wozniki Limestone" (formally Limestone Member from Wozniki) in Silesia, southern Poland. Numerous oncoids occur in breccia-like deposits in the Lipie Slaskie clay pit at Lisowice. The oncoid-bearing level is underlying by organic-rich carbonaceous mudstone and siltstone and covered by non-carbonaceous sandstone and grey wacke sandstone-mudstone heterolithic deposits. The oncoids are of various shapes and are built by agglutinated or skeletal stromatolites composed of a rhythmically grown dendroid micropeloidal framework. The agglutinated stromatolites are poor in microfabrics. The oncoids consist of a smooth or granular outer part and distinct core (carbonate, carbon-rich or phosphate), which may be a fossil (bivalve shell, wood fragment, charcoal piece, carbon-rich coprolite or hone fragment). Dark laminae of the cortex are carbonate-rich, whereas the light ones are silica-rich. They exhibit remains of bacterial/cyanobacterial filaments, as well as some rare and not well-discernible palynomorphs. Ostracods (cf. Darwinula sp.), small fragments of vertebrate bones (mainly fish remains), fragments of wood, plant cuticles and fragments of unionoid bivalves are associated with the oncoid accumulations. Thus, they may have been formed in a shallow freshwater environment and were buried by rapid flood events or mud runoff.},
  issn = {0077-7749}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_choothereis_2016,
  title = {Monotypic colonies of Clathropteris meniscioides (Dipteridaceae) from the Early Jurassic of central Patagonia, Argentina: implications for taxonomy and palaeoecology},
  author = {Choo, Thereis and Escapa, Ignacio and Benjamin, Bomfleur},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Palaeontographica. Abteilung B, Palaophytologie},
  number = {294},
  pages = {85--109},
  doi = {10.1127/palb/294/2016/85},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Stuttgart : Schweizerbart},
  keywords = {jurassic; dipteridaceae; taxonomy; palaeoecology; in-situ ferns; ecosystems and species history; ekosystem och arthistoria},
  abstract = {A collection of over 130 specimens of the fossil dipterid fern Clathropteris meniscioides (Brongn. 1825) Brongn. 1828 from in-situ colonies in the Lower Jurassic of Chubut, Argentina, provides evidence for population-level morphological variation within the species and palaeoecology of the site. Characters such as angle of insertion of secondary veins, tertiary vein arrangement and tooth depth were observed to vary between specimens, and the total range of variation captured by this population was found to overlap and intergrade with the descriptions of several previously identified Clathropteris species. This suggests that species delimitations based on minor differences in such characters should be regarded with skepticism, and that the current number of species ascribed to this genus may be artificially inflated. Abundant C. meniscioides fossils at different development stages buried together in a single, thick bed of sheet-flood deposits provide evidence for the species having formed large, pure colonies in open, disturbed floodplain areas. The characteristic and extremely high leaf-vein densities would have allowed for greater carbon assimilation and rapid growth rates. Altogether, this suggests that the species was a fast-growing pioneer species of floodplains, a prominent part of the Early Jurassic vegetation in Gondwana, and a likely food source for large herbivorous dinosaurs common at that time.},
  issn = {0375-0299}
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_youbinasrrddine_2020,
  title = {The Central Iapetus magmatic province: An updated review and link with the ca. 580 Ma Gaskiers glaciation},
  author = {Youbi, Nasrrddine and Ernst, Richard E. and Söderlund, Ulf and Boumehdi, Moulay Ahmed and Lahna, Abdelhak Ait and Gaeta Tassinari, Colombo and Moume, Warda El and Bensalah, Mohamed Khalil},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Geological Society of America Special Papers},
  number = {544},
  pages = {35--66},
  doi = {10.1130/2020.2544(02)},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Geological Society of America},
  abstract = {Large igneous provinces and associated silicic magmatism can have a significant global climatic effect, so we explored the relationship between the large igneous province record and the ca. 580 Ma Gaskiers glaciation. The late Ediacaran glaciation exists on at least 14 different paleocontinental blocks, and assuming synchroneity, this Gaskiers glaciation was likely of short duration, with estimates ranging from 1.6 m.y. to 340 k.y. The Central Iapetus magmatic province event found in Laurentia, Baltica, and West Africa consists of multiple pulses in the range 620–520 Ma, with the ca. 580 Ma pulse particularly well developed in North Africa. Based on the age matches of 580–570 Ma Central Iapetus magmatic province pulses and the Gaskiers glaciation, and taking into consideration that there is no robust evidence for a major meteorite impact at the time of the Gaskiers onset, we propose that: (1) the initial silicic ca. 580 Ma pulse of the Ouarzazate event (Anti-Atlas of Morocco) helped to trigger the Gaskiers glaciation, and (2) global warming associated with the subsequent ca. 579–570 Ma continental flood basalts, marking the second stage of the Ouarzazate event, helped to end the ice age.}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_gumsleyashley_2020,
  title = {Neoarchean large igneous provinces on the Kaapvaal Craton in southern Africa re-define the formation of the Ventersdorp Supergroup and its temporal equivalents},
  author = {Gumsley, Ashley and Stamsnijder, Joaen and Larsson, Emilie and Söderlund, Ulf and Naeraa, Tomas and De Kock, Michiel and Sałacińska, Anna and Gawȩda, Aleksandra and Humbert, Fabien and Ernst, Richard},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Geological Society of America Bulletin},
  volume = {9},
  number = {132},
  pages = {1829--1844},
  doi = {10.1130/B35237.1},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Geological Society of America},
  abstract = {U-Pb geochronology on baddeleyite is a powerful technique that can be applied effectively to chronostratigraphy. In southern Africa, the Kaapvaal Craton hosts a well-preserved Mesoarchean to Paleoproterozoic geological record, including the Neoarchean Ventersdorp Supergroup. It overlies the Witwatersrand Supergroup and its world-class gold deposits. The Ventersdorp Supergroup comprises the Klipriviersberg Group, Platberg Group, and Pniel Group. However, the exact timing of formation of the Ventersdorp Supergroup is controversial. Here we present 2789 ± 4 Ma and 2787 ± 2 Ma U-Pb isotope dilution- thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) baddeleyite ages and geochemistry on mafic sills intruding the Witwatersrand Supergroup, and we interpret these sills as feeders to the overlying Klipriviersberg Group flood basalts. This constrains the age of the Witwatersrand Supergroup and gold mineralization to at least ca. 2.79 Ga. We also report 2729 ± 5 Ma and 2724 ± 7 Ma U-Pb ID-TIMS baddeleyite ages and geochemistry from a mafic sill intruding the Pongola Supergroup and on an east-northeast-trending mafic dike, respectively. These new ages distinguish two of the Ventersdorp Supergroup magmatic events: the Klipriviersberg and Platberg. The Ventersdorp Supergroup can now be shown to initiate and terminate with two large igneous provinces (LIPs), the Klipriviersberg and Allanridge, which are separated by Platberg volcanism and sedimentation. The age of the Klipriviersberg LIP is 2791-2779 Ma, and Platberg volcanism occurred at 2754-2709 Ma. The Allanridge LIP occurred between 2709-2683 Ma. Klipriviersberg, Platberg, and Allanridge magmatism may be genetically related to mantle plume(s). Higher heat flow and crustal melting resulted as a mantle plume impinged below the Kaapvaal Craton lithosphere, and this was associated with rifting and the formation of LIPs.},
  issn = {0016-7606}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_barkerabigail_2006,
  title = {Interaction of the rifting East Greenland margin with a zoned ancestral Iceland plume.},
  author = {Barker, Abigail and Baker, Joel and Peate, David},
  year = {2006},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = {6},
  number = {34},
  pages = {481--484},
  doi = {10.1130/G22366.1},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {earth science with specialization in mineral chemistry; petrology and tectonics; geovetenskap med inriktning mot mineralogi; petrologi och tektonik},
  abstract = {Neodymium and high-precision lead isotopic data are presented for Paleogene East Greenland flood basalts that erupted during an early phase of magmatic activity associated with the Iceland hotspot. The 6-km-thick volcanic sequence shows marked chemostratigraphic variations: lavas in the lower half of the sequence (Milne Land and Geikie Plateau Formations) have low 206Pb/204Pb values (17.8–18.4), abruptly changing to high 206Pb/ 204Pb values (18.8–19.3) in the overlying Rømer Fjord Formation, followed by intermediate 206Pb/204Pb values (18.6–18.8) in the uppermost Skrænterne Formation. These three isotopic groups of crustally uncontaminated lavas are broadly similar to spatially distinct isotopic domains found in present-day Iceland. The East Greenland data indicate that the same mantle domains present beneath Iceland today were present in the ancestral Iceland hotspot at 55 Ma, and were sequentially tapped during continental break-up as the spatially zoned mantle interacted with the rifting continental margin. The compositional domains within the Iceland hotspot appear to be long-lived features that, given estimates of Icelandic mantle-upwelling velocities, have vertical length-scales of at least ∼500 km.},
  issn = {0091-7613}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_schmitzbirger_2007,
  title = {Abrupt increase in seasonal extreme precipitation at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary},
  author = {Schmitz, Birger and Pujalte, Victoriano},
  year = {2007},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = {3},
  number = {35},
  pages = {215--218},
  doi = {10.1130/G23261A.1},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Geological Society of America},
  abstract = {A prominent increase in atmospheric CO, at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary, ca. 55 Ma, led to the warmest Earth of the Cenozoic for similar to 100 k.y. High-resolution studies of continental flood-plain sediment records across this boundary can provide crucial information on how the hydrological cycle responds to rapidly changing CO2. Here we show from continental records across the Paleocene-Eocene boundary in the Spanish Pyrenees, a subtropical paleosetting, that during the early, most intense phase of CO2 rise, normal, semiarid coastal plains with few river channels of 10-200 m width were abruptly replaced by a vast conglomeratic braid plain, covering at least 500 km(2) and most likely more than 2000 km(2). This braid plain is interpreted as the proximal parts of a megafan. Carbonate nodules in the megafan deposits attest to seasonally dry periods and together with megafan development imply a dramatic increase in seasonal rain and an increased intra-annual humidity gradient. The megafan formed over a few thousand years to similar to 10 k.y. directly after the Paleocene-Eocene boundary. Only repeated severe floods and rainstorms could have contributed the water energy required to transport the enormous amounts of large boulders and gravel of the megafan during this short time span. The findings represent evidence for considerable changes in regional hydrological cycles following greenhouse gas emissions.},
  issn = {0091-7613}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_yushiyong_2007,
  title = {Evidence for a rapid sea-level rise 7600 yr ago},
  author = {Yu, Shiyong and Berglund, Björn and Sandgren, Per and Lambeck, Kurt},
  year = {2007},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = {10},
  number = {35},
  pages = {891--894},
  doi = {10.1130/G23859A.1},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Geological Society of America},
  abstract = {Dating the transgression and subsequent regression in marginal basins of the southeastern Swedish Baltic Sea provides a new perspective of global ice-volume changes and the isostatic adjustment of the mantle after the retreat of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet from this area. Superimposed upon a smooth pattern of local sea-level rise, acceleration occurred ca. 7600 calibrated (cal) yr B.P., evidenced as a nearly synchronous flooding in six elevated basins ranging from 3.0 to 7.2 m above present sea level. We ascribe this rapid local sea-level rise of similar to 4.5 m to a sudden increase in ocean mass, most likely caused by the final decay of the Labrador sector of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. The subsequent monotonic fall of local sea level from ca. 6500 cal yr B.P. to the present is mainly an expression of the slow isostatic adjustment of the mantle.},
  issn = {0091-7613}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_jourdanf_2014,
  title = {High-precision dating of the Kalkarindji large igneous province, Australia, and synchrony with the Early-Middle Cambrian (Stage 4-5) extinction},
  author = {Jourdan, F. and Hodges, K. and Sell, B. and Schaltegger, U. and Wingate, M. T. D. and Evins, L. Z. and Söderlund, Ulf and Haines, P. W. and Phillips, D. and Blenkinsop, T.},
  year = {2014},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = {6},
  number = {42},
  pages = {543--546},
  doi = {10.1130/G35434.1},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Geological Society of America},
  abstract = {The voluminous Kalkarindji flood basalts erupted in Australia during the Cambrian and covered >2 x 10(6) km(2). New U-Pb and Ar-40/Ar-39 age data from intrusive rocks and lava flows yielded statistically indistinguishable ages at ca. 511 Ma, suggesting a relatively brief emplacement for this province. A zircon age of 510.7 +/- 0.6 Ma shows that this province is temporally indistinguishable at the few-hundred-thousand-year level from the Early-Middle Cambrian (Stage 4-5) boundary age of 510 +/- 1 Ma, which marks the first severe extinction of the Phanerozoic and an extended marine anoxia period. Sulfur concentration measurements ranging from < 50 to 1900 mu g/g, and fractal analysis of extensive explosive volcanic breccias, suggest that blasts and phreatomagmatic explosions have contributed to injection of large amounts of sulfur into the stratosphere. In addition, magma intrusions in oil, gas, and sulfate deposits may have generated significant emission of CH4 and SO2 which, along with volcanic gases, would have combined to cause an oscillation of the climate and led to the Cambrian extinction.},
  issn = {0091-7613}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bntgenulf_2017,
  title = {Multi-proxy dating of Iceland's major pre-settlement Katla eruption to 822-823 CE},
  author = {Büntgen, Ulf and Eggertsson, Ólafur and Wacker, Lukas and Sigl, Michael and Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik and Di Cosmo, Nicola and Plunkett, Gill and Krusic, Paul J. and Newfield, Timothy P. and Esper, Jan and Lane, Christine and Reinig, Frederick and Oppenheimer, Clive},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = {9},
  number = {45},
  pages = {783--786},
  doi = {10.1130/G39269.1},
  language = {eng},
  abstract = {Investigations of the impacts of past volcanic eruptions on climate, environment, and society require accurate chronologies. However, eruptions that are not recorded in historical documents can seldom be dated exactly. Here we use annually resolved radiocarbon (C-14) measurements to isolate the 775 CE cosmogenic C-14 peak in a subfossil birch tree that was buried by a glacial outburst flood in southern Iceland. We employ this absolute time marker to date a subglacial eruption of Katla volcano at late 822 CE to early 823 CE. We argue for correlation between the 822-823 CE eruption and a conspicuous sulfur anomaly evident in Greenland ice cores, which follows in the wake of an even larger volcanic signal (ca. 818-820 CE) as yet not attributed to a known eruption. An abrupt summer cooling in 824 CE, evident in tree-ring reconstructions for Fennoscandia and the Northern Hemisphere, suggests a climatic response to the Katla eruption. Written historical sources from Europe and China corroborate our proposed tree ring-radiocarbon-ice core linkage but also point to combined effects of eruptions occurring during this period. Our study describes the oldest precisely dated, high-latitude eruption and reveals the impact of an extended phase of volcanic forcing in the early 9th century. It also provides insight into the existence of prehistoric woodland cover and the nature of volcanism several decades before Iceland's permanent settlement began.},
  issn = {0091-7613}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kmpflucas_2020,
  title = {Stable oxygen and carbon isotopes of carbonates in lake sediments as a paleoflood proxy},
  author = {Kämpf, Lucas and Plessen, Birgit and Lauterbach, Stefan and Nantke, Carla and Meyer, Hanno and Chapligin, Bernhard and Brauer, Achim},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Geology},
  volume = {1},
  number = {48},
  pages = {3--7},
  doi = {10.1130/G46593.1},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Geological Society of America},
  abstract = {Lake sediments are increasingly explored as reliable paleoflood archives. In addition to established flood proxies including detrital layer thickness, chemical composition, and grain size, we explore stable oxygen and carbon isotope data as paleoflood proxies for lakes in catchments with carbonate bedrock geology. In a case study from Lake Mondsee (Austria), we integrate high-resolution sediment trapping at a proximal and a distal location and stable isotope analyses of varved lake sediments to investigate flood-triggered detrital sediment flux. First, we demonstrate a relation between runoff, detrital sediment flux, and isotope values in the sediment trap record covering the period 2011-2013 CE including 22 events with daily (hourly) peak runoff ranging from 10 (24) m3 s-1 to 79 (110) m3 s-1. The three-to ten-fold lower flood-triggered detrital sediment deposition in the distal trap is well reflected by attenuated peaks in the stable isotope values of trapped sediments. Next, we show that all nine flood-triggered detrital layers deposited in a sediment record from 1988 to 2013 have elevated isotope values compared with endogenic calcite. In addition, even two runoff events that did not cause the deposition of visible detrital layers are distinguished by higher isotope values. Empirical thresholds in the isotope data allow estimation of magnitudes of the majority of floods, although in some cases flood magnitudes are overestimated because local effects can result in too-high isotope values. Hence we present a proof of concept for stable isotopes as reliable tool for reconstructing flood frequency and, although with some limitations, even for flood magnitudes.},
  issn = {0091-7613}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dongesjonathanf_2016,
  title = {Event coincidence analysis for quantifying statistical interrelationships between event time series},
  author = {Donges, Jonathan F. and Schleussner, C. -F. and Siegmund, J. F. and Donner, R. V.},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {The European Physical Journal Special Topics},
  volume = {3},
  number = {225},
  pages = {471--487},
  doi = {10.1140/epjst/e2015-50233-y},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
  abstract = {Studying event time series is a powerful approach for analyzing the dynamics of complex dynamical systems in many fields of science. In this paper, we describe the method of event coincidence analysis to provide a framework for quantifying the strength, directionality and time lag of statistical interrelationships between event series. Event coincidence analysis allows to formulate and test null hypotheses on the origin of the observed interrelationships including tests based on Poisson processes or, more generally, stochastic point processes with a prescribed inter-event time distribution and other higher-order properties. Applying the framework to country-level observational data yields evidence that flood events have acted as triggers of epidemic outbreaks globally since the 1950s. Facing projected future changes in the statistics of climatic extreme events, statistical techniques such as event coincidence analysis will be relevant for investigating the impacts of anthropogenic climate change on human societies and ecosystems worldwide.},
  issn = {1951-6355}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_garritynj_2012,
  title = {Evaluation of event and response approaches to estimate the 100-year coastal flood for pacific coast sheltered waters},
  author = {Garrity, N. J. and Battalio, R. and Hawkes, Peter J. and Roupe, D.},
  year = {2012},
  journal = {Coastal Engineering 2006},
  pages = {1651--1663},
  doi = {10.1142/9789812709554_0140},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: World Scientific Publishing Company},
  keywords = {coastal flooding; coastal floods; extreme events; federal emergency management agency; joint probability; response data; return periods},
  abstract = {Coastal flooding on the Pacific Coast of the United States typically results from the joint occurrence of relatively high water levels and large waves, which are partially correlated. This paper evaluates three approaches to address the joint probability of water levels and waves (flood forcing events) in estimating coastal flood levels (responses) with a 100-year return period. The event approach involves selecting extreme events that are expected to force a response that approximates or exceeds the 100-year flood response. The two response approaches determine the response probability from a calculated response data set. The approaches were applied to a sheltered waters site to inform the development and implementation of the United States Federal Emergency Management Agency's guidelines for mapping coastal flood hazards on the Pacific Coast. Both event and response approaches can provide adequate results, but each requires varying levels of judgment and has advantages and disadvantages. A hybrid between event and response approaches is identified as a balance of accuracy and efficiency in coastal flood studies.}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_alsaqafwalid_2019,
  title = {How Do Social Media Users Link Different Types of Extreme Events to Climate Change?: A Study of Twitter During 2008–2017},
  author = {Al-Saqaf, Walid and Berglez, Peter},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Journal of Extreme Events},
  volume = {2},
  number = {6},
  pages = {2},
  doi = {10.1142/S2345737619500027},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Singapore : World Scientific},
  keywords = {extreme events; climate change; heat waves; droughts; floods; twitter; social media; östersjö- och östeuropaforskning; baltic and east european studies},
  abstract = {This study examines how three types of extreme events (heat waves, droughts, floods) are mentioned together with climate change on social media. English-language Twitter use during 2008–2017 is analyzed, based on 1,127,996 tweets (including retweets). Frequencies and spikes of activity are compared and theoretically interpreted as reflecting complex relations between the extreme event factor (the occurrence of an extreme event); the media ecology factor (climate-change oriented statements/actions in the overall media landscape) and the digital action factor (activities on Twitter). Flooding was found to be by far the most tweeted of the three in connection to climate change, followed by droughts and heat waves. It also led when comparing spikes of activity. The dominance of floods is highly prevalent from 2014 onwards, triggered by flooding events (extreme event factor), the climate science controversy in US politics (media ecology factor) and the viral power of celebrities’ tweets (digital action factor).},
  issn = {2345-7376}
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ripamagnus_2020,
  title = {Magmatism (1.6–1.4 Ga) and Mesoproterozoic sedimentation related to intracratonic rifting coeval with distal accretionary orogenesis},
  author = {Ripa, Magnus and Stephens, Michael B.},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Sweden},
  pages = {269--288},
  doi = {10.1144/M50-2017-4},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Geological Society of London},
  keywords = {malmgeologi; ore geology},
  abstract = {Separate pulses of magmatic activity involving the emplacement of plutons with predominantly granitic or bimodal granitic and gabbroic composition, as well as dolerite dykes, occurred in a cratonic setting in eastern Sweden at c. 1.59–1.58 Ga, c. 1.53–1.50 Ga and c. 1.47–1.44 Ga; anorthosite, monzodiorite and syenitoid rocks are locally present. Most of the granites have been compared with rapakivi granites in Finland and elsewhere. Isotopic data (Hf in zircons and ɛNd values) from the plutons in north-central Sweden show contamination by an Archean source. Siliciclastic rocks dominated by aeolian or deltaic sandstones overlie c. 1.58 Ga or c. 1.50 Ga plutons, are intercalated with 1.46 Ga basaltic lavas and were deposited prior to the emplacement of 1.27–1.25 Ga dolerites. The magmatic rocks are subalkaline (tholeiitic) to alkaline and the mafic components have been compared with continental flood basalts, suggesting an intracratonic, rift-related tectonic setting for the magmatism and sand deposition. These rocks constitute the westerly part of a late Paleoproterozoic to early Mesoproterozoic magmatic province in northern Europe, located along roughly north–south- and WSW–ENE-trending linear belts. This tectonic development was coeval with accretionary orogenic activity further to the west and SW.}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bevenkeithj_2017,
  title = {The uncertainty cascade in model fusion},
  author = {Beven, Keith J. and Lamb, Rob},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Geological Society Special Publication},
  volume = {1},
  number = {408},
  pages = {255--266},
  doi = {10.1144/SP408.3},
  language = {eng},
  abstract = {There are increasing demands in assessing the impacts of change on environmental systems to couple different model components together in a cascade, the outputs from one component providing the inputs to another with or without feedbacks in the coupling. Each model component will necessarily involve some uncertainty in its specification and simulations that can be conditioned using some observational data. Taking account of this uncertainty should result in more robust decision making and may change the nature of the decision made. The difficulty in environmental decision making is in making proper estimates of uncertainties when so many of the sources of uncertainty result from lack of knowledge (epistemic uncertainties) rather than uncertainty that can be treated as random variability (aleatory uncertainty). This is particularly the case for problems that involve cascades of model components. Examples are the use of UKCP09 climate scenarios in impact studies, flood risk assessment involving models of runoff generation and their impact on hydraulic models of flood plains, and integrated catchment management involving upstream to downstream surface and subsurface routing of water quality variables. The uncertainties are such that, even for relatively simple problems, they can result in wide ranges of potential outputs. This poses the questions that will be considered in this paper: how to take account of knowledge uncertainties in cascades of model components; and how to constrain the potential uncertainties for use in making decisions. In particular we highlight the difficulties of defining statistical likelihood functions that properly reflect the non-stationary uncertainty characteristics expected of epistemic sources of uncertainty.},
  issn = {0305-8719}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_turnerbeth_2022,
  title = {The Role of Nature-Based Solutions in Supporting Social-Ecological Resilience for Climate Change Adaptation},
  author = {Turner, Beth and Devisscher, Tahia and Chabaneix, Nicole and Woroniecki, Stephen and Messier, Christian and Seddon, Nathalie},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Annual Review Environment and Resources},
  number = {47},
  pages = {123--148},
  doi = {10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-010017},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: ANNUAL REVIEWS},
  keywords = {nature-based solutions; climate change adaptation; social-ecological systems; resilience; natures contributions to adaptation; forests},
  abstract = {Social-ecological systems underpinning nature-based solutions (NbS) must be resilient to changing conditions if they are to contribute to long-term climate change adaptation. We develop a two-part conceptual framework linking social-ecological resilience to adaptation outcomes in NbS. Part one determines the potential of NbS to support resilience based on assessing whether NbS affect key mechanisms known to enable resilience. Examples include social-ecological diversity, connectivity, and inclusive decision-making. Part two includes adaptation outcomes that building social-ecological resilience can sustain, known as nature's contributions to adaptation (NCAs). We apply the framework to a global dataset of NbS in forests. We find evidence that NbS may be supporting resilience by influencing many enabling mechanisms. NbS also deliver many NCAs such as flood and drought mitigation. However, there is less evidence for some mechanisms and NCAs critical for resilience to long-term uncertainty. We present future research questions to ensure NbS can continue to support people and nature in a changing world.},
  issn = {1543-5938}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_limnancyjoy_2019,
  title = {Are Feature Agreement Statistics Alone Sufficient to Validate Modelled Flood Extent Quality?: A Study on Three Swedish Rivers Using Different Digital Elevation Model Resolutions},
  author = {Lim, Nancy Joy and Brandt, S. Anders},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Mathematical problems in engineering (Print)},
  number = {2019},
  pages = {2019},
  doi = {10.1155/2019/9816098},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Hindawi Publishing Corporation},
  keywords = {sustainable urban development; hållbar stadsutveckling},
  abstract = {Hydraulic modelling is now, at increasing rates, used all over the world to provide flood risk maps for spatial planning, flood insurance, etc. This puts heavy pressure on the modellers and analysts to not only produce the maps but also information on the accuracy and uncertainty of these maps. A common means to deliver this is through performance measures or feature statistics. These look at the global agreement between the modelled flood area and the reference flood that is used. Previous studies have shown that the feature agreement statistics do not differ much between models that have been based on digital elevation models (DEMs) of different resolutions, which is somewhat surprising since most researchers agree that high-resolution DEMs are to be preferred over poor resolution DEMs. Hence, the aim of this study was to look into how and under which conditions the different feature agreement statistics differ, in order to see when the full potential of high-resolution DEMs can be utilised. The results show that although poor resolution DEMs might produce high feature agreement scores (around F > 0.80), they may fail to provide good flood extent estimations locally, particularly when the terrain is flat. Therefore, when high-resolution DEMs (1 to 5 m) are used, it is important to carefully calibrate the models by the use of the roughness parameter. Furthermore, to get better estimates on the accuracy of the models, other performance measures such as distance disparities should be considered.},
  issn = {1024-123X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_tehreemzara_2022,
  title = {A Novel Appraisal Protocol for Spatiotemporal Patterns of Rainfall by Reconnaissance the Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI) with Global Warming Context},
  author = {Tehreem, Zara and Ali, Zulfiqar and Al-Ansari, Nadhir and Niaz, Rizwan and Hussain, Ijaz and Sammen, Saad Sh.},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Mathematical problems in engineering (Print)},
  number = {2022},
  pages = {2022},
  doi = {10.1155/2022/3012100},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Hindawi Publishing Corporation},
  keywords = {soil mechanics},
  abstract = {In global warming contexts, continuous increment in temperature triggers several environmental, economic, and ecological challenges. Its impacts have severe effects on energy, agriculture, and socioeconomic structure. Moreover, the strong correlation between temperature and dynamic changing of rainfall patterns greatly influences the natural cycles of water resources. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the spatiotemporal variation of precipitation to improve precipitation monitoring systems. Thereby, it helps to make future planning for flood control and water resource management. Considering the importance of the spatiotemporal assessment of precipitation, the current study provides a new method: regional contextual precipitation concentration index (RCPCI) to analyze spatial-temporal patterns of annual rainfall intensities by reconnaissance the precipitation concentration index (PCI) in the global warming context. The current study modifies the existing version of PCI by propagating the role of temperature as auxiliary information. Further, based on spatial and nonspatial correlation analysis, the current study compares the performance of RCPCI and PCI for 45 meteorological stations of Pakistan. Tjøstheim’s coefficient and the modified t-test are used for testing and estimating the spatial correlation between both indices. In addition, the Poisson log-normal spatial model is used to assess the spatial distribution of each rainfall pattern. Outcomes associated with the current analysis show that the proposed method is a good and efficient substitute for PCI in the global warming scenario in the presence of temperature data. Therefore, to make accurate and precise climate and precipitation mitigation policies, the proposed method may incorporate uncovering the yearly pattern of rainfall.},
  issn = {1024-123X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_moghimiebrahim_2025,
  title = {Floods and New Housing Design Theory to Sustain and Reduce Hazards (A Scientific Strategy)},
  author = {Moghimi, Ebrahim and Glade, Thomas and Al-Ansari, Nadhir and Shahabi, Himan},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Geofluids},
  number = {2025},
  pages = {2025},
  doi = {10.1155/gfl/1416016},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: John Wiley & Sons},
  keywords = {floods; hazards; housing design; scientific guide; theory; vulnerability; soil mechanics},
  abstract = {Vulnerability is a key concept in flood hazard studies, especially concerning the damage to people, infrastructure, and housing. This article focuses on reducing housing vulnerability not only by managing floods at their source but also by introducing flood-adaptive housing design, such as flood chambers and spatial planning that avoids high-risk zones. Global challenges in housing stability during floods reveal shortcomings in flood management planning, particularly in the mountainous regions of the Danube basin (Austria) and the Karun and Karkheh basins (Iran). These areas demonstrate the need for improved integration of meteorological, hydrological, ecological, and geomorphological knowledge in planning, alongside better use of floodwaters in water-scarce regions. This study uses observational and case study methods, supported by over 20 years of empirical research and comparative data from the 2019–2022 floods in Iran and Austria. The research draws on six fields—meteorology, hydrology, ecology, geomorphology, hazard studies, and housing design—to propose a more integrated, process-based flood management model. The paper addresses three main aspects: (1) evaluating current scientific methods for reducing flood risk, (2) introducing geomorphic indicators to enhance flood data used in housing design, and (3) proposing housing concepts that absorb and utilize floods rather than resist them. A brief comparative validation highlights housing performance before and after adaptive measures were implemented. The result is a scientific guide map: a cross-disciplinary framework for sustainable housing design that incorporates flood chambers and better floodplain use. It offers a complementary strategy to traditional hydrological approaches, aimed at reducing flood damage and strengthen local freshwater resources.},
  issn = {1468-8115}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_arndtds_2017,
  title = {State of the Climate in 2016},
  author = {Arndt, D. S. and Blunden, J. and Dunn, R. J. H. and Aaron-Morrison, Arlene P. and Abdallah, A. and Ackerman, Steven A. and Adler, Robert and Alfaro, Eric J. and Allan, Richard P. and Allan, Rob and Alvarez, Luis A. and Alves, Lincoln M. and Amador, Jorge A. and Andreassen, L. M. and Arce, Dayana and Argueez, Anthony and Arndt, Derek S. and Arzhanova, N. M. and Augustine, John and Awatif, E. M. and Azorin-Molina, Cesar and Baez, Julian and Bardin, M. U. and Barichivich, Jonathan and Baringer, Molly O. and Barreira, Sandra and Baxter, Stephen and Beck, H. E. and Becker, Andreas and Bedka, Kristopher M. and Behrenfeld, Michael J. and Bell, Gerald D. and Belmont, M. and Benedetti, Angela and Bernhard, G. H. and Berrisford, Paul and Berry, David I. and Bettolli, Maria L. and Bhatt, U. S. and Bidegain, Mario and Biskaborn, B. and Bissolli, Peter and Bjerke, J. and Blake, Eric S. and Blunden, Jessica and Bosilovich, Michael G. and Boucher, Olivier and Boudet, Dagne and Box, J. E. and Boyer, Tim and Braathen, Geir O. and Brimelow, Julian and Bromwich, David H. and Brown, R. and Buehler, S. and Bulygina, Olga N. and Burgess, D. and Calderon, Blanca and Camargo, Suzana J. and Campbell, Jayaka D. and Cappelen, J. and Caroff, P. and Carrea, Laura and Carter, Brendan R. and Chambers, Don P. and Chandler, Elise and Cheng, Ming-Dean and Christiansen, Hanne H. and Christy, John R. and Chung, Daniel and Chung, E. -S and Clem, Kyle R. and Coelho, Caio A. S. and Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie and Colwell, Steve and Cooper, Owen R. and Copland, L. and Cross, J. N. and Crouch, Jake and Cutie, Virgen and Davis, Sean M. and de Eyto, Elvira and de Jeu, Richard A. M. and de Laat, Jos and DeGasperi, Curtis L. and Degenstein, Doug and Demircan, M. and Derksen, C. and Di Girolamo, Larry and Diamond, Howard J. and Dindyal, S. and Dlugokencky, Ed J. and Dohan, Kathleen and Dokulil, Martin T. and Dolman, A. Johannes and Domingues, Catia M. and Donat, Markus G. and Dong, Shenfu and Dorigo, Wouter A. and Drozdov, D. S. and Dunn, Robert J. H. and Duran-Quesada, Ana M. and Dutton, Geoff S. and ElKharrim, M. and Elkins, James W. and Epstein, H. E. and Espinoza, Jhan C. and Etienne-LeBlanc, Sheryl and Famiglietti, James S. and Farrell, S. and Fateh, S. and Fausto, R. S. and Feely, Richard A. and Feng, Z. and Fenimore, Chris and Fettweis, X. and Fioletov, Vitali E. and Flannigan, Mike and Flemming, Johannes and Fogt, Ryan L. and Folland, Chris and Fonseca, C. and Forbes, B. C. and Foster, Michael J. and Francis, S. D. and Franz, Bryan A. and Frey, Richard A. and Frith, Stacey M. and Froidevaux, Lucien and Ganter, Catherine and Gerland, S. and Gilson, John and Gobron, Nadine and Goldenberg, Stanley B. and Goni, Gustavo and Gonzalez, Idelmis T. and Goto, A. and Greenhough, Marianna D. and Grooss, J. -U and Gruber, Alexander and Guard, Charles and Gupta, S. K. and Gutierrez, J. M. and Haas, C. and Hagos, S. and Hahn, Sebastian and Haimberger, Leo and Hall, Brad D. and Halpert, Michael S. and Hamlington, Benjamin D. and Hanna, E. and Hanssen-Bauer, I and Hare, Jon and Harris, Ian and Heidinger, Andrew K. and Heim, Richard R., Jr. and Hendricks, S. and Hernandez, Marieta and Hernandez, Rafael and Hidalgo, Hugo G. and Ho, Shu-peng and Hobbs, William R. and Huang, Boyin and Huelsing, Hannah K. and Hurst, Dale F. and Ialongo, I. and Ijampy, J. A. and Inness, Antje and Isaksen, K. and Ishii, Masayoshi and Jevrejeva, Svetlana and Jimenez, C. and Xiangze, Jin and John, Viju and Johns, William E. and Johnsen, B. and Johnson, Bryan and Johnson, Gregory C. and Johnson, Kenneth S. and Jones, Philip D. and Jumaux, Guillaume and Kabidi, Khadija and Kaiser, J. W. and Kass, David and Kato, Seiji and Kazemi, A. and Kelem, G. and Keller, Linda M. and Kelly, B. P. and Kendon, Mike and Kennedy, John and Kerr, Kenneth and Kholodov, A. L. and Khoshkam, Mahbobeh and Killick, Rachel and Kim, Hyungjun and Kim, S. -J and Kimberlain, Todd B. and Klotzbach, Philip J. and Knaff, John A. and Kochtubajda, Bob and Kohler, J. and Korhonen, Johanna and Korshunova, Natalia N. and Kramarova, Natalya and Kratz, D. P. and Kruger, Andries and Kruk, Michael C. and Krumpen, T. and Lakatos, M. and Lakkala, K. and Lanckmann, J. -P and Lander, Mark A. and Landschuetzer, Peter and Landsea, Chris W. and Lankhorst, Matthias and Lantz, Kathleen and Lazzara, Matthew A. and Leuliette, Eric and Lewis, Stephen R. and L'Heureux, Michelle and Lieser, Jan L. and Lin, I-I and Liu, Hongxing and Liu, Yinghui and Locarnini, Ricardo and Loeb, Norman G. and Long, Craig S. and Loranty, M. and Lorrey, Andrew M. and Loyola, Diego and Lu, Mong-Ming and Lumpkin, Rick and Luo, Jing-Jia and Luojus, K. and Lyman, John M. and Macara, Gregor and Macdonald, Alison M. and Macias-Fauria, M. and Malkova, G. V. and Manney, G. and Marchenko, S. S. and Marengo, Jose A. and Marra, John J. and Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz and Martens, B. and Martinez-Gueingla, Rodney and Massom, Robert A. and Mathis, Jeremy T. and May, Linda and Mayer, Michael and Mazloff, Matthew and McBride, Charlotte and McCabe, M. F. and McCarthy, Gerard and McCarthy, M. and McDonagh, Elaine L. and McGree, Simon and McVicar, Tim R. and Mears, Carl A. and Meier, W. and Mekonnen, A. and Menezes, V. V. and Mengistu Tsidu, G. and Menzel, W. Paul and Merchant, Christopher J. and Meredith, Michael P. and Merrifield, Mark A. and Minnis, Patrick and Miralles, Diego G. and Mistelbauer, T. and Mitchum, Gary T. and Mitro, Srkani and Monselesan, Didier and Montzka, Stephen A. and Mora, Natalie and Morice, Colin and Morrow, Blair and Mote, T. and Mudryk, L. and Muehle, Jens and Mullan, A. Brett and Mueller, R. and Nash, Eric R. and Nerem, R. Steven and Newman, Louise and Newman, Paul A. and Nieto, Juan Jose and Noetzli, Jeannette and O'Neel, S. and Osborn, Tim J. and Overland, J. and Oyunjargal, Lamjav and Parinussa, Robert M. and Park, E-hyung and Pasch, Richard J. and Pascual-Ramirez, Reynaldo and Paterson, Andrew M. and Pearce, Petra R. and Pellichero, V. and Pelto, Mauri S. and Peng, Liang and Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E. and Perovich, D. and Petropavlovskikh, Irina and Pezza, Alexandre B. and Phillips, C. and Phillips, David and Phoenix, G. and Pinty, Bernard and Pitts, Michael C. and Pons, M. R. and Porter, Avalon O. and Quintana, Juan and Rahimzadeh, Fatemeh and Rajeevan, Madhavan and Rayner, Darren and Raynolds, M. K. and Razuvaev, Vyacheslav N. and Read, Peter and Reagan, James and Reid, Phillip and Reimer, Christoph and Remy, Samuel and Renwick, James A. and Revadekar, Jayashree V. and Richter-Menge, J. and Rimmer, Alon and Robinson, David A. and Rodell, Matthew and Rollenbeck, Ruetger and Romanovsky, Vladimir E. and Ronchail, Josyane and Roquet, F. and Rosenlof, Karen H. and Roth, Chris and Rusak, James A. and Sallee, Jean-Bapiste and Sanchez-Lugo, Ahira and Santee, Michelle L. and Sarmiento, Jorge L. and Sawaengphokhai, P. and Sayouri, Amal and Scambos, Ted A. and Schemm, Jae and Schladow, S. Geoffrey and Schmid, Claudia and Schmid, Martin and Schoeneich, P. and Schreck, Carl J., III and Schuur, Ted and Selkirk, H. B. and Send, Uwe and Sensoy, Serhat and Sharp, M. and Shi, Lei and Shiklomanov, Nikolai I. and Shimaraeva, Svetlana V. and Siegel, David A. and Signorini, Sergio R. and Silov, Eugene and Sima, Fatou and Simmons, Adrian J. and Smeed, David A. and Smeets, C. J. P. P. and Smith, Adam and Smith, Sharon L. and Soden, B. and Spence, Jaqueline M. and Srivastava, A. K. and Stackhouse, Paul W., Jr. and Stammerjohn, Sharon and Steinbrecht, Wolfgang and Stella, Jose L. and Stennett-Brown, Roxann and Stephenson, Tannecia S. and Strahan, Susan and Streletskiy, Dimitri A. and Sun-Mack, Sunny and Swart, Sebastiaan and Sweet, William and Tamar, Gerard and Taylor, Michael A. and Tedesco, M. and Thoman, R. L. and Thompson, L. and Thompson, Philip R. and Timmermans, M. -L and Timofeev, Maxim A. and Tirnanes, Joaquin A. and Tobin, Skie and Trachte, Katja and Trewin, Blair C. and Trotman, Adrian R. and Tschudi, M. and Tweedy, Olga and van As, D. and van de Wal, R. S. W. and van der Schalie, Robin and van der Schrier, Gerard and van der Werf, Guido R. and van Meerbeeck, Cedric J. and Velicogna, I. and Verburg, Piet and Vieira, G. and Vincent, Lucie A. and Voemel, Holger and Vose, Russell S. and Wagner, Wolfgang and Wahlin, Anna and Walker, D. A. and Walsh, J. and Wang, Bin and Wang, Chunzai and Wang, Junhong and Wang, Lei and Wang, M. and Wang, Sheng-Hung and Wanninkhof, Rik and Watanabe, Shohei and Weber, Mark and Weller, Robert A. and Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A. and Whitewood, Robert and Wiese, David N. and Wijffels, Susan E. and Wilber, Anne C. and Wild, Jeanette D. and Willett, Kate M. and Willie, Shem and Willis, Josh K. and Wolken, G. and Wong, Takmeng and Wood, E. F. and Woolway, R. Iestyn and Wouters, B. and Xue, Yan and Yim, So-Young and Yin, Xungang and Yu, Lisan and Zambrano, Eduardo and Zhang, Huai-Min and Zhang, Peiqun and Zhao, Guanguo and Zhao, Lin and Ziemke, Jerry R. and Zilberman, Nathalie},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society - (BAMS)},
  volume = {8},
  number = {98},
  pages = {280},
  doi = {10.1175/2017BAMSStateoftheClimate.1},
  language = {eng},
  abstract = {In 2016, the dominant greenhouse gases released into Earth's atmosphere-carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide-continued to increase and reach new record highs. The 3.5 +/- 0.1 ppm rise in global annual mean carbon dioxide from 2015 to 2016 was the largest annual increase observed in the 58-year measurement record. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration at Earth's surface surpassed 400 ppm (402.9 +/- 0.1 ppm) for the first time in the modern atmospheric measurement record and in ice core records dating back as far as 800000 years. One of the strongest El Nino events since at least 1950 dissipated in spring, and a weak La Nina evolved later in the year. Owing at least in part to the combination of El Nino conditions early in the year and a long-term upward trend, Earth's surface observed record warmth for a third consecutive year, albeit by a much slimmer margin than by which that record was set in 2015. Above Earth's surface, the annual lower troposphere temperature was record high according to all datasets analyzed, while the lower stratospheric temperature was record low according to most of the in situ and satellite datasets. Several countries, including Mexico and India, reported record high annual temperatures while many others observed near-record highs. A week-long heat wave at the end of April over the northern and eastern Indian peninsula, with temperatures surpassing 44 degrees C, contributed to a water crisis for 330 million people and to 300 fatalities. In the Arctic the 2016 land surface temperature was 2.0 degrees C above the 1981-2010 average, breaking the previous record of 2007, 2011, and 2015 by 0.8 degrees C, representing a 3.5 degrees C increase since the record began in 1900. The increasing temperatures have led to decreasing Arctic sea ice extent and thickness. On 24 March, the sea ice extent at the end of the growth season saw its lowest maximum in the 37-year satellite record, tying with 2015 at 7.2% below the 1981-2010 average. The September 2016 Arctic sea ice minimum extent tied with 2007 for the second lowest value on record, 33% lower than the 1981-2010 average. Arctic sea ice cover remains relatively young and thin, making it vulnerable to continued extensive melt. The mass of the Greenland Ice Sheet, which has the capacity to contribute similar to 7 m to sea level rise, reached a record low value. The onset of its surface melt was the second earliest, after 2012, in the 37-year satellite record. Sea surface temperature was record high at the global scale, surpassing the previous record of 2015 by about 0.01 degrees C. The global sea surface temperature trend for the 21st century-to-date of +0.162 degrees C decade(-1) is much higher than the longer term 1950-2016 trend of +0.100 degrees C decade(-1). Global annual mean sea level also reached a new record high, marking the sixth consecutive year of increase. Global annual ocean heat content saw a slight drop compared to the record high in 2015. Alpine glacier retreat continued around the globe, and preliminary data indicate that 2016 is the 37th consecutive year of negative annual mass balance. Across the Northern Hemisphere, snow cover for each month from February to June was among its four least extensive in the 47-year satellite record. Continuing a pattern below the surface, record high temperatures at 20-m depth were measured at all permafrost observatories on the North Slope of Alaska and at the Canadian observatory on northernmost Ellesmere Island. In the Antarctic, record low monthly surface pressures were broken at many stations, with the southern annular mode setting record high index values in March and June. Monthly high surface pressure records for August and November were set at several stations. During this period, record low daily and monthly sea ice extents were observed, with the November mean sea ice extent more than 5 standard deviations below the 1981-2010 average. These record low sea ice values contrast sharply with the record high values observed during 2012-14. Over the region, springtime Antarctic stratospheric ozone depletion was less severe relative to the 1991-2006 average, but ozone levels were still low compared to pre-1990 levels. Closer to the equator, 93 named tropical storms were observed during 2016, above the 1981-2010 average of 82, but fewer than the 101 storms recorded in 2015. Three basins-the North Atlantic, and eastern and western North Pacific-experienced above-normal activity in 2016. The Australian basin recorded its least active season since the beginning of the satellite era in 1970. Overall, four tropical cyclones reached the Saffir-Simpson category 5 intensity level. The strong El Nino at the beginning of the year that transitioned to a weak La Nina contributed to enhanced precipitation variability around the world. Wet conditions were observed throughout the year across southern South America, causing repeated heavy flooding in Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Wetter-than-usual conditions were also observed for eastern Europe and central Asia, alleviating the drought conditions of 2014 and 2015 in southern Russia. In the United States, California had its first wetter-than-average year since 2012, after being plagued by drought for several years. Even so, the area covered by drought in 2016 at the global scale was among the largest in the post-1950 record. For each month, at least 12% of land surfaces experienced severe drought conditions or worse, the longest such stretch in the record. In northeastern Brazil, drought conditions were observed for the fifth consecutive year, making this the longest drought on record in the region. Dry conditions were also observed in western Bolivia and Peru; it was Bolivia's worst drought in the past 25 years. In May, with abnormally warm and dry conditions already prevailing over western Canada for about a year, the human-induced Fort McMurray wildfire burned nearly 590000 hectares and became the costliest disaster in Canadian history, with $3 billion (U.S. dollars) in insured losses.},
  issn = {0003-0007}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_liufei_2024,
  title = {Opportunities and Barriers for Skillful Subseasonal Prediction of East Asian Summer Precipitation},
  author = {Liu, Fei and Zhou, Jiahui and Wang, Bin and Leung, Jeremy Cheuk Hin and Chen, Deliang and Lin, Zhongda and Kang, In Sik and Chao, Qingchen and Ke, Zongjian and Fan, Ke and Liu, Boqi and Huang, Gang and Hsu, Pang Chi and Dong, Wenjie},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society},
  volume = {11},
  number = {105},
  pages = {11},
  doi = {10.1175/BAMS-D-24-0055.1},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {hindcasts; numerical weather prediction/ forecasting; rossby waves; short-range prediction; subseasonal variability},
  abstract = {Accurate subseasonal (2–8weeks) prediction of monsoon precipitation is crucial for mitigating flood and heatwave disasters caused by intraseasonal variability (ISV). However, current state-of-the-art subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) models have limited prediction skills beyond 1 week when predicting weekly precipitation. Our findings suggest that predictability primarily arises from strong ISV events, and the prediction skills for ISV events depend on the propagation stability of preceding signals, regardless of models. This allows us to identify opportunities and barriers (OBs) within S2S models, clarifying what the models can and cannot achieve in ISV event prediction. Focusing on the complex East Asian summer monsoon (EASM), we discover that stable propagation of Eurasian and tropical atmospheric wave trains toward East Asia serves as an opportunity. This opportunity offers a 1-week leading prediction skill of up to 0.85 and skillful prediction up to 13 days ahead for 43% of all ISV events. However, the Tibetan Plateau barrier highlights the limitation of EASM predictability. Identifying these OBs will help us gain confidence in making more accurate subseasonal prediction.},
  issn = {0003-0007}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kukuliesjulia_2023_1,
  title = {Kilometer-Scale Multimodel and Multiphysics Ensemble Simulations of a Mesoscale Convective System in the Lee of the Tibetan Plateau: Implications for Climate Simulations},
  author = {Kukulies, Julia and Prein, Andreas F. and Curio, Julia and Yu, Hongyong and Chen, Deliang},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Journal of Climate},
  volume = {17},
  number = {36},
  pages = {5963--5987},
  doi = {10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0240.1},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {complex terrain; convective storms; mesoscale processes; climate models},
  abstract = {Kilometer-scale climate model simulations are useful tools to investigate past and future changes in extreme precipitation, particularly in mountain regions, where convection is influenced by complex topography and land–atmosphere interactions. In this study, we evaluate simulations of a flood-producing mesoscale convective system (MCS) downstream of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) in the Sichuan basin from a kilometer-scale multimodel and multiphysics ensemble. The aim is to better understand the physical processes that need to be correctly simulated for successfully capturing downstream MCS formation. We assess how the ensemble members simulate these processes and how sensitive the simulations are to different model configurations. The preceding vortex evolution over the TP, its interaction with the jet stream, and water vapor advection into the basin are identified as key processes for the MCS formation. Most modeling systems struggle to capture the interaction between the vortex and jet stream, and perturbing the model physics has little impact, while constraining the large-scale flow by spectral nudging improves the simulation. This suggests that an accurate representation of the large-scale forcing is crucial to correctly simulate the MCS and associated precipitation. To verify whether the identified shortcomings systematically affect the MCS climatology in longer-term simulations, we evaluate a 1-yr WRF simulation and find that the seasonal cycle and spatial distribution of MCSs are reasonably well captured and not improved by spectral nudging. While the simulations of the MCS case highlight challenges in extreme precipitation forecasting, we conclude that these challenges do not systematically affect simulated climatological MCS characteristics.},
  issn = {0894-8755}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_titleyha_2021,
  title = {Key Factors Influencing the Severity of Fluvial Flood Hazard from Tropical Cyclones},
  author = {Titley, H. A. and Cloke, Hannah L. and Harrigan, S. and Pappenberger, F. and Prudhomme, C. and Robbins, J. C. and Stephens, E. M. and Zsoter, E.},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrometeorology},
  volume = {7},
  number = {22},
  pages = {1801--1817},
  doi = {10.1175/JHM-D-20-0250.1},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: American Meteorological Society},
  keywords = {flood events; hurricanes; typhoons; precipitation; tropical cyclones; communications; decision making; emergency preparedness; emergency response},
  abstract = {Knowledge of the key drivers of the severity of river flooding from tropical cyclones (TCs) is vital for emergency preparedness and disaster risk reduction activities. This global study examines landfalling TCs in the decade from 2010 to 2019 to identify those characteristics that influence whether a storm has an increased flood hazard. The highest positive correlations are found between flood severity and the total precipitation associated with the TC. Significant negative correlations are found between flood severity and the translation speed of the TC, indicating that slower-moving storms that rain over an area for longer tend to have higher flood severity. Larger and more intense TCs increase the likelihood of having a larger area affected by severe flooding but not its duration or magnitude, and it is found that the fluvial flood hazard can be severe in all intensity categories of TC, including those of tropical storm strength. Catchment characteristics such as antecedent soil moisture and slope also play a role in modulating flood severity, and severe flooding is more likely in cases in which multiple drivers are present. The improved knowledge of the key drivers of fluvial flooding in TCs can help to inform research priorities to help with flood early warning, such as increasing the focus on translation speed in model evaluation and impact-based forecasting. Significance Statement Knowing ahead of landfall which TCs are likely to lead to significant river flooding will help those responsible for emergency planning make appropriate decisions to minimize loss of life and property. We compare 280 TCs and find that the cases with slow-moving, large, and intense cyclones, affecting areas with wet antecedent conditions, have the highest likelihood of experiencing widespread flooding. Slower-moving storms also have an increased risk of longer and more extreme floods. Our results show the importance of considering aspects such as the speed of forward movement along the whole flood early warning chain, from model evaluation and development, through to warning design and communication, to better inform forecast-based action prior to TC landfall.},
  issn = {1525-755X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_sunhe_2021,
  title = {Hydrological Evaluation of High-Resolution Precipitation Estimates from the WRF Model in the Third Pole River Basins},
  author = {Sun, He and Su, Fengge and He, Zhihua and Ou, Tinghai and Chen, Deliang and Li, Zhenhua and Li, Yanping},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Journal of Hydrometeorology},
  volume = {8},
  number = {22},
  pages = {2055--71},
  doi = {10.1175/JHM-D-20-0272.1},
  language = {eng},
  abstract = {In this study, two sets of precipitation estimates that are based on the regional Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model—the high Asia refined analysis (HAR) and outputs with a 9-km resolution from WRF (WRF-9km)—are evaluated at both basin and point scales, and their potential hydrological utilities are investigated by driving the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) large-scale land surface hydrological model in seven Third Pole (TP) basins. The regional climate model (RCM) tends to overestimate the gauge-based estimates by 20%–95% in annual means among the selected basins. Relative to the gauge observations, the RCM precipitation estimates can accurately detect daily precipitation events of varying intensities (with absolute bias < 3 mm). The WRF-9km exhibits a high potential for hydrological application in the monsoon-dominated basins in the southeastern TP (with NSE of 0.7–0.9 and bias from −11% to 3%), whereas the HAR performs well in the upper Indus and upper Brahmaputra basins (with NSE of 0.6 and bias from −15% to −9%). Both of the RCM precipitation estimates can accurately capture the magnitudes of low and moderate daily streamflow but show limited capabilities in flood prediction in most of the TP basins. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the strength and limitation of RCMs precipitation in hydrological modeling in the TP with complex terrains and sparse gauge observations.},
  issn = {1525-755X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_staalstroma_2015,
  title = {Observations of Turbulence Caused by a Combination of Tides and Mean Baroclinic Flow over a Fjord Sill},
  author = {Staalstrom, A. and Arneborg, Lars and Liljebladh, Bengt and Broström, Göran},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Journal of Physical Oceanography},
  volume = {2},
  number = {45},
  pages = {355--368},
  doi = {10.1175/jpo-d-13-0200.1},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: American Meteorological Society},
  keywords = {knight inlet sill; internal waves; tidal flow; stratified flow; dissipation; topography; basin; water; drag; oceanography; acey mw; 1984; journal of physical oceanography; v14; p1105; igebrandt a; 1976; v6; p486; 1989; v19; p917},
  abstract = {This study investigates the dissipation rates and flow conditions at the Drobak Sill in the Oslofjord. The area was transected 13 times with a free-falling microstructure shear probe during 4 days in June 2011. At the same time, an ADCP was deployed inside the sill. During most tidal cycles, internal hydraulic jumps with high dissipation rates were found on the downstream side of the sill. However, the internal response varied strongly between different tidal cycles with similar barotropic forcing. In the beginning of the observational period, ebb tides had no hydraulic jumps, and in the end one of the flood tides did not have a hydraulic jump. During the same period, the mean baroclinic exchange flow changed from inflow to outflow in the bottom layer. The authors conclude that the conditions at the sill are on the edge of forming hydraulic jumps and that the mean baroclinic exchange may push the flow above or below the limit of a hydraulic jump depending on the situation. This conclusion is supported by two-layer hydraulic theory. The volume-integrated dissipation rates within 500m from the sill crest compare well with estimates of energy loss in the lower layer calculated from the Bernoulli drop under the assumption of no energy loss in the upper layer. Finally, the mean dissipation rate at the sill was compared with the radiation of internal tidal energy away from the sill, and it was found that about 60%-90% of the total energy loss was dissipated locally.},
  issn = {0022-3670}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bergstromryan_2025,
  title = {Landscape Identity, Well-Being, and Climate-Driven Disturbances in Southern Sweden},
  author = {Bergstrom, Ryan and Beery, Thomas},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Environment and Behavior},
  volume = {9},
  number = {57},
  pages = {852--892},
  doi = {10.1177/00139165251371806},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: SAGE Publications Ltd},
  abstract = {Climate-driven disturbances, including changing water levels, increased precipitation and flooding, intensified storms, and water shortages and droughts are threatening the sustainability of communities in southern Sweden. However, our understanding of how individuals experience and adapt to such disturbances is limited, especially as it relates to how place theory, and in particular landscape identity, can help foster enhanced well-being for vulnerable communities. The objective of this study is to understand how individuals of Skåne, Sweden identify with their local environment, and how that identity has changed, or will be changed, as a result of a changing climate. A better understanding of people-place relationships is needed; specifically, how people identify with local landscapes because of the longstanding body of knowledge related to place identity, and the growing scholarship on the use of landscape as a conceptual framework for climate adaptation and mitigation, especially supporting well-being.},
  issn = {0013-9165}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_petrovakristina_2021,
  title = {Natural hazards, internal migration and protests in Bangladesh},
  author = {Petrova, Kristina},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Journal of Peace Research},
  volume = {1},
  number = {58},
  pages = {33--49},
  doi = {10.1177/0022343320973741},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Sage Publications},
  keywords = {bangladesh; internal migration; natural hazards; protests; quantitative analysis},
  abstract = {Does internal migration following natural hazards increase the likelihood of protests in migrant-receiving areas? To address the question, this study first looks at the extent to which experiencing different forms of natural hazards contributes to a household’s decision to leave their district of residence. In a second step, the article explores whether that internal migration flow increases the number of protest events in migrant-hosting districts. In doing so, it contributes to the existing debate on the extent to which natural hazards impact the likelihood of social contention, and the role of migration as a linking pathway in that relationship. The impact of climate-related shocks may erode household assets and therefore adaptive capacity in ways that can eventually influence decisions to migrate to largerurban centres. Although migrants are agents of economical and technological change, urban environments may impose challenges to recently arrived migrants and their host communities, affecting the motivations and mobilization resources of urban social groups to protest. As a consequence, the probability of urban unrest in these locations is expected to increase. To test this, I use geo-referenced household-level data from Bangladesh for the period 2010–15, which records households’ experiences of different forms of natural hazard and internal migration flows, available from the Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey. It combines this with data on protests, derived from the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data. Findings suggest that flood hazards in combination with loss of assets increase the likelihood of internal migration, but unlike other types of domestic mobility, hazard-related migration does notincrease the frequency of protests in migrants’ districts of destination.},
  issn = {0022-3433}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_erbshansendorthereng_2011,
  title = {Holocene climatic development in Skagerrak, eastern North Atlantic: Foraminiferal and stable isotopic evidence},
  author = {Erbs-Hansen, Dorthe Reng and Knudsen, Karen Luise and Gary, Anthony Cavedo and Gyllencreutz, Richard and Jansen, Eystein},
  year = {2011},
  journal = {The Holocene},
  volume = {3},
  number = {22},
  pages = {301--312},
  doi = {10.1177/0959683611423689},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: SAGE Publications},
  keywords = {fuzzy c-means; foraminifera; holocene; multiproxy study; palaeotemperature; skagerrak; stable isotopes},
  abstract = {A high-resolution multiproxy study of core MD99-2286 reveals a highly variable hydrographic environment in the Skagerrak from 9300 cal. yr BP to the present. The study includes foraminiferal faunas, stable isotopes and sedimentary parameters, as well as temperature and salinity reconstructions of a c. 29 m long radiocarbon-dated core record. The multivariate technique fuzzy c-means was applied to the foraminiferal counts, and it was extremely valuable in defining subtle heterogeneities in the foraminiferal faunal data corresponding to hydrographic changes. The major early-/mid-Holocene (Littorina) transgression led to flooding of large former land areas in the North Sea, the opening of the English Channel and Danish straits, and initiation of the modern circulation system. This is reflected by fluctuating C/N values and an explosive bloom of Hyalinea balthica. A slight indication of ameliorated conditions between 8000 and 5750 cal. yr BP is related to the Holocene Thermal Maximum. A subsequent increase in freshwater/Baltic water influence between 5750 and 4350 cal. yr BP is reflected by dominance of Bulimina marginata and depleted delta O-18 values. The Neoglacial cooling (after 4350 cal. yr BP) is seen in the Skagerrak as enhanced turbidity, increasing TOC values and short-term changes in an overall Cassidulina laevigata-dominated fauna suggesting a prevailing influence of Atlantic waters. This is in agreement with increased strength of westerly winds, as recorded for this period. The last 2000 years were also dominated by Atlantic Water conditions with generally abundant nutrient supply. However, during warm periods, particularly the 'Medieval Warm Period'and the modern warming, the area was subject to a restriction in the supply of nutrients and/or the nutrient supply had a more refractory character.},
  issn = {0959-6836}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_yamoahkwekuafrifa_2017,
  title = {Societal response to monsoonal fluctuations in NE Thailand during the demise of Angkor Civilisation},
  author = {Yamoah, Kweku Afrifa and Higham, Charles F. W. and Wohlfarth, Barbara and Chabangborn, Akkaneewut and Chawchai, Sakonvan and Schenk, Frederik and Smittenberg, Rienk H.},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {The Holocene},
  volume = {10},
  number = {27},
  pages = {1455--1464},
  doi = {10.1177/0959683617693900},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: SAGE Publications},
  keywords = {delta(13c)(wax); delta d-wax; angkor civilisation; lake pa kho; northeast thailand; southeast asia; wetland},
  abstract = {This paper investigates the possible social responses to changes in the strength of the southwest monsoon in northeastern Thailand during the currency of the Angkor civilisation. These assessments are based on hydrogen and carbon isotope records of leaf waxes (delta D-wax and delta 13C(wax)) from a 2000-year-long wetland sequence of Pa Kho in northeastern Thailand, a region that formed the northern boundary of the Angkor Kingdom. Our data indicate anthropogenic flooding of the Pa Kho wetland through the control of water through dam construction from c. AD 1300 in response to the fluctuating strength of monsoon rains. delta D-wax, a proxy for regional hydroclimate variability, corroborates pre-existing evidence that increased summer monsoon rains, which supported the expansion of the agrarian economy, aided the rise of the Angkorian Empire whereas extreme drought contributed to its demise. Interestingly, our delta D-wax record shows already a gradual decreasing monsoon intensity from c. AD 1000 onwards, although Angkor's prosperity reached its peak at c. AD 1200. We suggest that the complex hydrological system established under royal patronage at Angkor provided a resilient buffer against short-term monsoon fluctuations. The long-term decline in monsoon rains over a similar to 300-year period, combined with ongoing urbanisation, may have stretched the hydrological systems to their limit. We suggest that this was a major factor that contributed to the demise of Angkor in the mid-15th century.},
  issn = {0959-6836}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hanssonanton_2017,
  title = {Shoreline displacement and human resource utilization in the southern Baltic Basin coastal zone during the early Holocene: New insights from a submerged Mesolithic landscape in south-eastern Sweden},
  author = {Hansson, Anton and Björck, Svante and Heger, Katja and Holmgren, Sofia and Linderson, Hans and Magnell, Ola and Nilsson, Björn and Rundgren, Mats and Sjöström, Arne and Hammarlund, Dan},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {The Holocene},
  volume = {5},
  number = {28},
  pages = {721--737},
  doi = {10.1177/0959683617744262},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: SAGE Publications},
  abstract = {Along parts of the Hanö Bay coast in south-eastern Sweden, remains of a submerged landscape can be found down to depths of almost 25 m b.s.l. The coastal landscape was formed during two periods of lowered water levels in the Baltic Basin: the Yoldia Sea and the Initial Littorina Sea stages. In order to reconstruct the local environment and shoreline displacement during the Yoldia Sea and Ancylus Lake stages, sediment sequences were obtained at 4.5, 17.5 and 18.7 m b.s.l. Detailed bathymetric mapping was based on multi-beam echo-sounding while surveillance and sampling of tree remains and archaeological findings were performed through diving. The Yoldia Sea low-stand reached its minimum level at 24–25 m b.s.l. just before 10,800 cal. BP. During the subsequent Ancylus transgression, a slow-flowing river passed through the area, accumulating thick deposits of fine-grained organic sediments in lagoonal basins. The river was surrounded by open woodland dominated by pine. Based on successive flooding of rooted tree stumps, the transgression rate was estimated at 4 cm·yr−1, until the Ancylus high-stand was reached at 5 m b.s.l. at 10,400–10,300 cal. BP. Findings of worked aurochs and beaver bones provide evidence of human presence in the landscape and show the importance of terrestrial resources for their subsistence. These integrated palaeoecological and archaeological investigations demonstrate the importance of submerged landscapes with well-preserved sediment, wood and bone material for our understanding of southern Baltic coastal landscapes and their inhabitants during the Early Mesolithic.},
  issn = {0959-6836}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hannonginae_2020,
  title = {Vegetation dynamics and Fire History in Färnebofjärden National Park, Central Sweden},
  author = {Hannon, Gina E. and Halsall, Karen and Molinari, Chiara and Stoll, Erin and Lilley, Diana and Bradshaw, Richard},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {The Holocene},
  volume = {1},
  number = {31},
  pages = {28--37},
  doi = {10.1177/0959683620961513},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: SAGE Publications},
  abstract = {Palaeoecological studies can identify past trends in vegetation communities and processes over long time scales. Pollen, plant macrofossils and charcoal analyses are used to reconstruct vegetation over the last 6400 years and provide information about former human impact and disturbance regimes in Färnebofjärden National Park, Central Sweden. Three specific conservation planning topics were addressed: (1) the changing ratio of conifers to broadleaved trees; (2) the origin and history of the river meadows and the biodiverse Populus tremula meadows; (3) the role of fire in the maintenance of biological values. Early diverse mixed broadleaved forest assemblages with pine were followed by significant declines of the more thermophilic forest elements prior to the expansion of spruce in the Iron Age. The rise to dominance of spruce was a ‘natural’ process that has been exaggerated by anthropogenic disturbance to artificially high levels today. The initial river meadow communities were facilitated by fire and frequent flooding events, but subsequent dynamics have more definitely been supported by human activities. Rural abandonment during the last 100 years has led to woody successions. Fire has been a continual disturbance factor with an influence on conservation issues such as Picea abies dominance and the maintenance of diverse, nonforest communities. Present occurrence of fire is unusually low, but natural fire frequencies are increasing in the region.},
  issn = {0959-6836}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bhowmikavitkumar_2013,
  title = {Industries' Location as Jeopardy for Sustainable Urban Development in Asia: A Review of the Bangladesh Leather Processing Industry Relocation Plan},
  author = {Bhowmik, Avit Kumar},
  year = {2013},
  journal = {Environment and Urbanization Asia},
  number = {4},
  pages = {93--119},
  doi = {10.1177/0975425313477749},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Sage Publications},
  keywords = {environmental science},
  abstract = {The article reviews the Bangladesh leather processing industries’ relocation plan by applying the Social Theories of the City and the three environmental economics theories—Willingness to Pay, Pigovian Tax and Hedonic Pricing Method on the data collected by a questionnaire survey among the industries’ owners and from the original project documents. Results prove the strong unwillingness of leather industries’ owners to relocate and pay for relocation, failure at imposing Pigovian tax and the high hedonic prices of the houses including threats to inhabitants’ health in the redeveloped residential area. In addition to high subsidy and compensation, historic growth trends and potential risks of flood and surface water resource pollution of Dhaka defy sustainability issues. Considering three consecutive failures to meet the relocation deadlines, these results claim that redeveloping an environment friendly leather processing zone at the present location will ensure sustainable urban development.},
  issn = {0975-4253}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_chentzutung_2025,
  title = {Climate and malaria: modeling non-linear dynamics in the Nordic countries during the 18th and 19th centuries},
  author = {Chen, Tzu Tung and Kim, Yoonhee and Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik and Jarsjö, Jerker and Hesson, Jenny C. and Linderholm, Hans W.},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Scandinavian Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {2},
  number = {53},
  pages = {162--171},
  doi = {10.1177/14034948251320865},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Sage Publications},
  keywords = {malaria; p. vivax; nordic countries; climate change; distributed lag non-linear model; coastal flooding; sea level; medical history},
  abstract = {Aims:Until the late 19th century, Plasmodium vivax malaria was endemic in most of Europe including in the Nordic countries. In Denmark, Finland, and Sweden, the fluctuations in malaria cases and malaria-attributed deaths are known to have been associated with weather conditions, in particular with mean summer temperature variations. However, to what extent other environmental factors could have increased or decreased the risk of malaria has not previously been evaluated using historical records.Methods:In this study, we illustrate the non-linear association between different environmental variables (temperature, precipitation, and sea-level variations) and symptom-based malaria (case and death) data, using the quasi-Poisson distributed lag non-linear model. The robustness of the model results was examined through sensitivity analysis.Results:The modeling results showed that the risk associated with temperature increased by similar to 25% in Denmark and by similar to 67% in Sweden and Finland, with a mean summer temperature increase from 16 degrees C to 18 degrees C, was highest at 1-2 lagged years. Furthermore, average precipitation could have a noticeable effect on the malaria risk in Sweden and Finland, but this effect was not observed in Denmark. Environmental perturbations associated with extreme sea levels (>99.7th percentile or <0.1th percentile), including subsequent saltwater intrusion, could lead to increasing malaria risk in low-lying coastal areas.Conclusions:The historical evidence and modeling results suggest that specific weather conditions and extreme events have substantial impacts on malaria in temperate regions.},
  issn = {1403-4948}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_causevicamar_2021,
  title = {Financing resilience efforts to confront future urban and sea-level rise flooding: Are coastal megacities in Association of Southeast Asian Nations doing enough?},
  author = {Causevic, Amar and LoCastro, Matthew and David, Dharish and Selvakkumaran, Sujeetha and Gren, Åsa},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Environment and planning B},
  volume = {5},
  number = {48},
  pages = {989},
  doi = {10.1177/2399808321994437},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: SAGE Publications Ltd},
  keywords = {adaptation; cities; climate finance; resilience; sea-level rise; urban flooding},
  abstract = {Continued greenhouse gas emissions will lead to a rise in temperatures, accompanied by rising sea levels threatening low-lying coastal cities. This vulnerability is especially acute in developing countries’ cities. This study reviews whether Bangkok, Manila, and Jakarta, less prepared emerging urban centers of developing countries, are investing in adaptation projects for resilience against sea-level rise and urban flooding. Sea-level rise and urban flooding resilience projects were identified in the selected cities through secondary research methods, data on multilateral climate funds, and other aggregated funding databases such as Aid Atlas, Cities Adaptation Action, and City Risk Index. Our findings show that even though these cities do have some adaptation projects to address coastal flooding and rising sea-level threats, the funding has been disparate and dispersed due to a lack of continuous, sizeable, and diverse financing options and does not come close to the requirement, given the risks, of covering potential disaster-related losses. Our findings further highlight the need to expand financing beyond multilateral funds and bilateral funding agreements and to include financial mechanisms that incentivize potential stakeholders to invest in projects that ordinarily are considered nonrevenue generating. © The Author(s) 2021.},
  issn = {2399-8083}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_peterssonjesper_2020,
  title = {Blurring the shoreline: De- and re-infrastructuring and the changing colors of European flood policy},
  author = {Petersson, Jesper},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {623--644},
  doi = {10.1177/2514848620921858},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: SAGE Publications},
  keywords = {european union; floods directive; green infrastructure; grey infrastructure; infrastructuring; make space for water},
  abstract = {This paper provides a genealogy of the emergence of a common EU flood policy, including the scope and direction of this policy. Noticing how EU policy proposes green infrastructure (associated with using nature as a buffer zone in managing floods) as an alternative to grey infrastructure (implying fixed installations of concrete and cement), this paper adopts the theoretical lens of the so-called infrastructural turn, which advocates a relational investigation of infrastructure. By engaging this approach, the paper shows how flood infrastructure can contain very different compositions of (unruly) water and (settled) land. A narrative of a historically strong focus on guarding society from the powerful forces of nature through a fixed line of defense is increasingly giving way to more muddy states—quite literally—where society is expected to learn to live with flooding and show ecological consideration. To capture the EU’s, and especially the European Commission’s efforts to establish a pan-European flood infrastructure that accommodates this turn, the concepts of de- and re-infrastructuring are developed. These concepts act as heuristic devices to capture how policy performs some combinations between water and land as constituting an attractive and functional flood infrastructure, but constitutes other infrastructural relations of the aquatic and the terrestrial as undesirable and, hence, as malfunctioning. This performative act of distinguishing between what constitutes “good and proper” versus “bad and undesirable” infrastructure is referred to as a politics of infrastructure.},
  issn = {2514-8494}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_schindlers_2013,
  title = {Floodplain management in temperate regions: Is multifunctionality enhancing biodiversity?},
  author = {Schindler, S. and Kropik, M. and Euller, K. and Bunting, S. W. and Schulz-Zunkel, C. and Hermann, A. and Hainz-Renetzeder, C. and Kanka, R. and Mauerhofer, Volker and Gasso, V. and Krug, A. and Lauwaars, S. G. and Zulka, K. P. and Henle, K. and Hoffmann, M. and Biró, M. and Essl, F. and Jaquier, S. and Balázs, L. and Borics, G. and Hudin, S. and Damm, C. and Pusch, M. and Van Der Sluis, T. and Sebesvari, Z. and Wrbka, T.},
  year = {2013},
  journal = {Environmental Evidence},
  volume = {1},
  number = {2},
  pages = {1},
  doi = {10.1186/2047-2382-2-10},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: BioMed Central Ltd.},
  keywords = {biodiversity; biodiversity knowledge; ecosystem services; european commission biodiversity strategy 2020; flood prevention; floodplain management; green infrastructure; multifunctionality; river restoration; science-policy interface; science-practice interface; systematic review},
  abstract = {Background: Floodplains are among the most diverse, dynamic, productive and populated but also the most threatened ecosystems on Earth. Threats are mainly related to human activities that alter the landscape and disrupt fluvial processes to obtain benefits related to multiple ecosystem services (ESS). Floodplain management therefore requires close coordination among interest groups with competing claims and poses multi-dimensional challenges to policy-makers and project managers. The European Commission proposed in its recent Biodiversity Strategy to maintain and enhance European ecosystems and their services by establishing green infrastructure (GI). GI is assumed to provide multiple ecosystem functions and services including the conservation of biodiversity in the same spatial area. However, evidence for biodiversity benefits of multifunctional floodplain management is scattered and has not been synthesised. Methods/design: This protocol specifies the methods for conducting a systematic review to answer the following policy-relevant questions: a) what is the impact of floodplain management measures on biodiversity; b) how does the impact vary according to the level of multifunctionality of the measures; c) is there a difference in the biodiversity impact of floodplain management across taxa; d) what is the effect of the time since implementation on the impact of the most important measures; and e) are there any other factors that significantly modify the biodiversity impact of floodplain management measures? Within this systematic review we will assess multifunctionality in terms of ESS that are affected by an implemented intervention. Biodiversity indicators included in this systematic review will be related to the diversity, richness and abundance of species, other taxa or functional groups. We will consider if organisms are typical for and native to natural floodplain ecosystems. Specific inclusion criteria have been developed and the wide range of quality of primary literature will be evaluated with a tailor-made system for assessing susceptibility to bias and the reliability of the studies. The review is intended to bridge the science-policy interface and will provide a useful synthesis of knowledge for decision-makers at all governance levels. © 2013 Schindler et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.},
  issn = {2047-2382}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_weberroland_2025,
  title = {Review on the need for inventories and management of reservoirs of POPs and other persistent, bioaccumulating and toxic substances (PBTs) in the face of climate change},
  author = {Weber, Roland and Girones, Lautaro and Förstner, Ulrich and Tysklind, Mats and Laner, David and Hollert, Henner and Forter, Martin and Vijgen, John},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Environmental Sciences Europe},
  volume = {1},
  number = {37},
  pages = {1},
  doi = {10.1186/s12302-025-01060-6},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Nature},
  keywords = {pops; heavy metals; climate change; flooding; sea-level rise; contaminated sites; landflls; pbts; natech; climate information and early warning system},
  abstract = {Background: Large quantities of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and other persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic substances (PBTs) like heavy metals have accumulated mainly over the last century in reservoirs, such as landfills, dump sites, contaminated sites, and mine tailings, as well as in environmental sinks like soils and sediments. Large floods in the past 20 years have demonstrated the mobilisation of POPs/PBTs from these reservoirs, underscoring the limitations of conventional technical safeguard measures like leachate and wastewater treatment or containment systems at landfills.Results: This study emphasises the need to develop inventories of POPs/PBTs in these reservoirs for the assessment of future risk of increased flooding triggered by climate change and for priority setting of remediation and securing measures. Further, sea-level rise should be included in these assessments as long-term risk for large areas that are likely to be permanently flooded in the coming decades and centuries. In addition, the risk of release of POPs and other PBTs by industries affected by Natural Hazards Triggering Technological Accidents (Natech) should be globally evaluated. The review emphasises the importance of conducting systematic assessments and inventories to understand the risk of these reservoirs for environmental pollution and human exposure. The releases and remobilisation of POPs/PBTs can lead to higher levels in food and drinking water with increased human exposure. In addition to fish, it is crucial to consider livestock grazing in flood plains and other areas affected by floods, and to include them in inventories and risk management.Conclusion: Based on these assessments, appropriate measures must be developed to eliminate or secure the respective reservoirs, following the precautionary approach. Whilst management measures have been initiated in affected areas (including affected feed/biomass), such as floodplains, there is a need to develop them more systematically. This review advocates for a comprehensive and precautionary approach to address the environmental challenges posed by climate change for POPs and other PBTs reservoirs, with an emphasis on increased flooding and sea-level rise. The substitution of POPs/PBTs in non-essential uses should be implemented to reduce future risks. A synergistic implementation of the Stockholm, Minimata, and Climate Convention can be used as frame for inventories and mitigation.},
  issn = {2190-4707}
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_limnancyjoy_2022,
  title = {DEM Resolution and Roughness Effect in Relation to Model Performance},
  author = {Lim, Nancy Joy and Brandt, S. Anders},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Geospatial Information Handbook for Water Resources and Watershed Management, Volume II},
  doi = {10.1201/9781003175025},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Boca Raton : CRC Press},
  keywords = {sustainable urban development; hållbar stadsutveckling},
  abstract = {To understand how the produced flood boundaries from hydraulic modeling can be affected by the resolution of the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and the roughness values used, and how different performance measures can affect the choice of most optimal models, different simulations were conducted using varying pairs of DEM and Manning’s n. Each result was then compared to the reference flood data and analyzed using different performance measures that account for the sizes of inundation (F-statistics), and the distance between the modeled and reference flood (disparity measures). The results showed that the different pairs of DEM resolution and Manning’s n produced different performance scores and flood extents. High-resolution DEMs performed generally better with higher resolution DEMs, while lower resolution DEMs received better performance when paired with lower Manning’s n. The different model performances also produced different combinations having the most optimal performances depending on the assumptions they applied in the computations. Additionally, the results showed that models from coarser resolution DEMs can produce higher maximum scores than higher resolution DEMs. However, when the maps, cross-sectional profiles, and the water surface elevations from the coarser resolution DEMs were compared with the higher resolution DEMs, they are more inaccurate in representing the terrain, flood boundaries, and the water depths. Thus, interpreting model results only based on performance measure, particularly for lower resolution DEMs, may give incorrect conclusion on the optimality of the result. It is important that the flood extent maps, cross-sectional profiles, and the derived water depths are analyzed together with the performance scores to gain better understanding of the reliability of flood model results.}
}

@book{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mazzolenimaurizio_2017_1,
  title = {Improving flood prediction assimilating uncertain Crowdsourced data into hydrologic and hydraulic models},
  author = {Mazzoleni, Maurizio},
  year = {2017},
  doi = {10.1201/9781315115979},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {CRC Press}
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_roychandan_2018,
  title = {Tropical Cyclone Track Forecasting},
  author = {Roy, Chandan and Kovordányi, Rita},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Exploring Natural Hazards},
  doi = {10.1201/9781315166858},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2018. : Taylor & Francis},
  keywords = {tropical cyclone motion; track prediction techniques; track prediction accuracy},
  abstract = {Tropical cyclones are large-scale low-pressure systems that form over warm tropical and subtropical waters. These low-pressure systems are characterized by high-speed surface wind circulation, rotating spirals of thick clouds, heavy rain, and surges, the water masses sometimes reaching a height of 10 meters when they hit a coastline. Tropical cyclones are one of the most destructive meteorological disasters due to their high damaging power, both through strong winds and flooding. To minimize economic loss and to save human lives, meteorologists have developed a range of techniques for forecasting tropical cyclone track. The most common techniques utilize statistical and mathematical equations to integrate the movement pattern of historical tropical cyclones with the recently observed movement of the current tropical cyclone. Alternatively, forecasting techniques can focus on the forces responsible for tropical cyclone motion to produce a cyclone track forecast. Today, improved cyclone track forecasting techniques have enabled meteorological offices to warn residents in the affected areas before a tropical cyclone impact, and help to reduce the losses created by them.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_husainv_2012,
  title = {Natural arsenic in groundwater of Indus delta in the province of Sindh, Pakistan},
  author = {Husain, V. and Naseem, S. and Khan, A. and Bhattacharya, Prosun and Arain, G. M.},
  year = {2012},
  journal = {Understanding the Geological and Medical Interface of Arsenic, As 2012 - 4th International Congress: Arsenic in the Environment},
  pages = {31--32},
  doi = {10.1201/b12522-12},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: CRC Press},
  abstract = {The worst arsenic-affected parts of Pakistan lie in the lower Indus basin of Sindh province. Twenty four out of 41 groundwater samples collected from both shallow and deep wells of Tando Allayar and Tando Mohammad Khan districts are contaminated with arsenic ranging from 10 to 500 ÎŒg/L. This area is one of the most fertile parts of Indus deltaic flood plains, mostly cultivated by rice, sugarcane and vegetables depending on extensive groundwater irrigation. About half of these wells are also sewage impacted. Local unlined sanitation is also responsible for contamination of water resources and increased As toxicity in the area. The pH of As-enriched but sewage free groundwater samples ranges from 6.8 to 8.1 with high bicarbonate content (110 to 520 mg/L) indicating the weathering of carbonate and degradation of organic matter under local reducing conditions.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_rashidnazhatshirin_2012,
  title = {Floodplain morphology and relation to the spatial distribution of arsenic in the aquifers of Matlab, southeastern Bangladesh},
  author = {Rashid, Nazhat Shirin and Ahmed, K. M. and Rahman, M. Z. and Hasan, M. A. and Bhattacharya, Prosun and Hossain, Mohammed},
  year = {2012},
  journal = {Understanding the Geological and Medical Interface of Arsenic, As 2012 - 4th International Congress: Arsenic in the Environment},
  pages = {50--51},
  doi = {10.1201/b12522-20},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Taylor & Francis Group},
  abstract = {Landforms comprising the older and younger flood plains (OFP & YFP) in Meghna basin surrounding Matlab, southeastern Bangladesh have been identified through the visual interpretation of Google Earth images. The interpretation reveals that the visually identified OFP and YFP are characterized by different geomorphic components. The fluvial geomorphology shows a close relation with the distribution of arsenic (As), manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) in groundwater from the aquifers. It was interpreted that the fluvial processes which results the landforms in the active floodplain influence the groundwater As occurrences. Less active processes in the stable and well developed OFP decreases the risk of elevated As in groundwater. The off-white and white sand aquifers of the OFP are contended with low levels of As (<50 μg/L) but high levels of Mn and Fe, whereas the off-white aquifers of YFP are contended with high levels of As (>50 μg/L) and Fe but low levels of Mn. Thus, the landforms can be taken into consideration before installing tubewells in a floodplain area.}
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_lewisjoshuaa_2015,
  title = {Crisis on the Delta: Emerging Trajectories for New Orleans},
  author = {Lewis, Joshua A. and Yoachim, Ann M. and Meffert, Douglas J.},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Climate Change and the Coast},
  pages = {147--166},
  doi = {10.1201/b18053-12},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Boca Raton : CRC Press},
  keywords = {new orleans; hurricane katrina; flood protection; coastal erosion; natural resources management; naturresurshushållning}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_moradsadoon_2010,
  title = {The impact of diagenesis on the heterogeneity of sandstone reservoirs: A review of the role of depositional facies and sequence stratigraphy},
  author = {Morad, Sadoon and Al-Ramadan, Khalid and Ketzer, João Marcelo and De Ros, L. F.},
  year = {2010},
  journal = {American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin},
  volume = {8},
  number = {94},
  pages = {1267--1309},
  doi = {10.1306/04211009178},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: American Association of Petroleum Geologists AAPG/Datapages},
  keywords = {earth sciences},
  abstract = {Diagenesis exerts a strong control on the quality and heterogeneity of most elastic reservoirs. Variations in the distribution of diagenetic alterations usually accentuate the variations in depositional porosity and permeability. Linking the types and distribution of diagenetic processes to the depositional facies and sequence-stratigraphic framework of clastic successions provides a powerful tool to predict the distribution of diagenetic alterations controlling quality and heterogeneity. The heterogeneity patterns of sandstone reservoirs, which determine the volumes, flow rates, and recovery of hydrocarbons, are controlled by geometry and internal structures of sand bodies, grain size, sorting, degree of bioturbation, provenance, and by the types, volumes, and distribution of diagenetic alterations. Variations in the pathways of diagenetic evolution are linked to (1) depositional facies, hence pore-water chemistry, depositional porosity and permeability, types and amounts of intrabasinal grains, and extent of bioturbation; (2) detrital sand composition; (3) rate of deposition (controlling residence time of sediments at specific near-surface, geochemical conditions); and (4) burial thermal history of the basin. The amounts and types of intrabasinal grains are also controlled by changes in the relative sea level and, therefore, can be predicted in the context of sequence stratigraphy, particularly in paralic and shallow marine environments. Changes in the relative sea level exert significant control on the types and extent of near-surface shallow burial diagenetic alterations, which in turn influence the pathways of burial diagenetic and reservoir quality evolution of elastic reservoirs. Carbonate cementation is more extensive in transgressive systems tract (TST) sandstones, particularly below parasequence boundaries, transgressive surface, and maximum flooding surface because of the abundance of carbonate bioclasts and organic matter, bioturbation, and prolonged residence time of the sediments at and immediately below the sea floor caused by low sedimentation rates, which also enhance the formation of glaucony. Eogenetic grain-coating berthierine, odinite, and smectite, formed mostly in TST and early highstand systems tract deltaic and estuarine sandstones, are transformed into ferrous chlorite during mesodiagenesis, helping preserve reservoir quality through the inhibition of quartz cementation. The infiltration of grain-coating smectitic clays is more extensive in braided than in meandering fluvial sandstones, forming flow barriers in braided amalgamated reservoirs, and may either help preserve porosity during burial because of quartz overgrowth inhibition or reduce it by enhancing intergranular pressure dissolution. Diagenetic modifications along sequence boundaries are characterized by considerable dissolution and kaolinization of feldspars, micas, and mud intraclasts under wet and warm climates, whereas a semiarid climate may lead to the formation of calcrete dolocrete cemented layers. Turbidite sandstones are typically cemented by carbonate along the contacts with interbedded mudrocics or carbonate mudstones and marls, as well as along layers of concentration of carbonate bioclasts and intraclasts. Commonly, hybrid carbonate turbidite arenites are pervasively cemented. Proximal, massive turbidites normally show only scattered spherical or ovoid carbonate concretions. Improved geologic models based on the connections among diagenesis, depositional facies, and sequence-stratigraphic surfaces and intervals may not only contribute t optimized production through the design of appropriate simulation models for improved or enhanced oil recovery strategies, as well as for CO2 geologic sequestration, but also support more effective hydrocarbon exploration through reservoir quality prediction.},
  issn = {0149-1423}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_frstera_2006,
  title = {Baseline characterization of the CO2SINK geological storage site at Ketzin, Germany},
  author = {Förster, A and Norden, B and Zinck-Jørgensen, K and Frykman, P and Kulenkampff, J and Spangenberg, E and Erzinger, J and Zimmer, M and Kopp, J and Borm, G and Juhlin, Christopher and Cosma, C and Hurter, S},
  year = {2006},
  journal = {Environmental Geosciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {13},
  pages = {145--161},
  doi = {10.1306/eg.02080605016},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: American Association of Petroleum Geologists AAPG/Datapages},
  abstract = {Since April 2004, preparatory work prior to CO2injection hasbeen conducted in the CO2SINK Project, the European Union’sfirst research and development activity on the in-situ testing ofgeological storage of CO2near the town of Ketzin, Germany.Carbon dioxide will be injected into a saline aquifer of the TriassicStuttgart Formation in an anticlinal structure of the northeastGerman Basin. The drilling of one injection and two observationwells will commence at the end of 2006. The predrilling phasefocuses on the baseline geological parameters of the anticline. TheStuttgart Formation is lithologically heterogeneous; it consists ofsandy channel-(string)-facies rocks, with good reservoir propertiesalternating with muddy flood-plain-facies rocks of poor reservoirquality. Playa-type rocks form the immediate cap rock above theCO2SINK reservoir. A geostatistical approach has been applied todescribe the reservoir architecture between and beyond well con-trol. This model forms the basis for the generation of reservoir-dynamic models of CO2injection that assist in the planning ofinjection operations and in the understanding of CO2plume evo-lution. A verification of the geometry of the reservoir and thestructural situation of its overburden is expected from a three-dimensional baseline seismic survey that was conducted in theautumn of 2005. Laboratory experiments under simulated in-situconditions were performed to evaluate the geophysical signatureof rocks saturated with CO2. The chemical composition of thegroundwater and the CO2flux in the soil were analyzed across theKetzin anticline, providing the baseline for a monitoring programduring and after injection of CO2, targeted at the detection ofpotential CO2leakage from the storage reservoir.},
  issn = {1075-9565}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_jiangtao_2016,
  title = {Spectral characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) releases from soils of typical water-level fluctuation zones of Three Gorges Reservoir areas: UV-Vis spectrum},
  author = {Jiang, Tao},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Huan Jing Ke Xue},
  number = {37},
  pages = {2496--2505},
  doi = {10.13227/j.hjkx.2016.07.011},
  language = {chi},
  publisher = {Chinese Journal of Environmental Science},
  abstract = {Water-level fluctuation zone is an important area in Three Gorges Reservoir areas, because dissolved organic matter (DOM) releases from submerged soils is a crucial source of DOM in overlying waters when flooding occurs. But there was little qualitative and quantitative analysis for DOM. In this study, soils of four typical water-level fluctuation zones were selected to conduct simulated flooding experiment. Also, UV-Vis spectroscopy was utilized to investigate the DOM spectral characteristics in two individual flooding sets including ambient (open air) and anoxic conditions. The results showed, for all soils, the DOM release patterns all showed a “rapid release, then decrease, and final dynamic equilibrium” trend. Also, through calculations of DOM releasing rates and fluxes, DOM releases clearly showed a feature of “source-sink dynamic exchange”. By comparison between two flooding treatments, although DOC and CDOM didn't show any significant differences, but higher aromaticity (SUVA280) was observed in anoxic experiment. In contrast, spectra slope ratio (SR) was insensitive to redox conditions of different flooding. Meanwhile, correlation between DOC and CDOM in anoxic was also higher than that in ambient flooding. Additionally, obvious differences among soils from different sampling sites were observed, Shibao Zhai (SB) of which showed the greatest releasing potential. Considering the various soil properties, soil organic matter amounts in soils is one of the key factors to explain the differences among sampling sites, but other geochemical factors should also be considered in the processes of DOM releases. Summarily, only focusing on the changes of DOC concentrations in submerging process is not enough to comprehensively describe the DOM release characteristics.},
  issn = {0250-3301}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_tangqh_2019,
  title = {Streamflow change on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its impacts},
  author = {Tang, Q. H. and Lan, C. and Su, F. G. and Liu, X. C. and Sun, H. and Ding, J. and Wang, L. and Leng, G. Y. and Zhang, Y. Q. and Sang, Y. F. and Fang, H. Y. and Zhang, S. F. and Han, D. M. and Liu, X. M. and He, L. and Xu, X. M. and Tang, Y. and Chen, Deliang},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Chinese Science Bulletin-Chinese},
  volume = {27},
  number = {64},
  pages = {2807--2821},
  doi = {10.1360/tb-2019-0141},
  language = {und},
  publisher = {: Science China Press., Co. Ltd.},
  keywords = {the qinghai-tibet plateau; asian water tower; water cycle; streamflow; climate change; yarlung zangbo river; climate-change; soil-moisture; hydrological; response; model calibration; water storage; mass-balance; glacier; runoff; satellite; science & technology - other topics},
  abstract = {The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), also often called the Third Pole, is considered the Asian Water Tower because it is the source of many major Asian rivers. The environmental change on the QTP can affect the climate system over the surrounding area, and the changes in glacier and river streamflow on the QTP will lead to cascading impacts in downstream area where billions of people live. This paper reviews the hydrological observations and streamflow changes of the major Asian rivers originating from the QTP. From the 1950s to the beginning of the 21st century, streamflow on the QTP overall shows large interannual variations but no significant trends. The monthly mean streamflows during the flooding seasons are the largest in the 1960s for the outlet stations on the QTP. Annual streamflow in the source region of the Yellow River decreased while that in the source region of the Yangtze River increased slightly. No significant trends of annual streamflow have been reported for the other river source regions. The mean streamflows during peak season are relatively large in the 2000s at the river source region (upper reaches) of most rivers on the QTP. An increasing trend of streamflow in spring has been found in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, the Lancang River, the Tuotuo River (of the Yangtze River), and the Lhasa River (of the Yarlung Zangbo River). The largest month of streamflow often appears in July for most stations, but in August at the Lhasa and Nuxia stations which are located in the Yarlung Zangbo River. Streamflow changes on the QTP could be mainly attributed to changes in snow and ice, as little influence from direct human activities were found. However, the examination of the streamflow changes largely relies on the hydrological observations. So far, due to data unavailability, we are still unclear about the long-term change in the streamflow on the QTP, especially the changes in recent years. The changes in ice and snow pack on the QTP could have significant impact on the downstream water resources and ecosystem. As more water resources have been generated from ice/snow melting, from a long-term perspective, water resources would be reduced along with shrinking and disappearing glaciers. Hydrological projections under future climate change suggest that streamflow in most river source regions would increase along with precipitation and increases in ice/snow melting, and hydrological extremes such as flooding would occur more frequently. Large uncertainties across Generic Circulation Models (GCMs) and hydrological models have been found in future projections of streamflow on the QTP. Reduction of ice/snow melting would aggravate the water stress conditions for both the ecosystem and human society on the QTP and its downstream areas. Sparse hydrometeorological observations in the past, particularly in the remote region of the QTP, are a major limiting factor to studies on streamflow change and its impacts. Further efforts are urgently needed to combine the advanced observation and modeling technologies to improve the observation and simulation capabilities of the water cycle over the QTP, and to provide scientific and technological support for coping with the accelerated ice/snow melting, increasing hydrological extremes and their impacts over the QTP.},
  issn = {0023-074X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_xiqiaojuan_2021,
  title = {中国主要流域灰-绿-蓝蓄水能力时空演变: [Spatio-temporal variation of gray-green-blue storage capacity in nine major basins of China]},
  author = {Xi, Qiaojuan and Zhong, Hua and Wang, Tao and He, Tianhao and Gao, Hongkai and Xia, Jun and Wang-Erlandsson, Lan and Tang, Qiuhong and Liu, Junguo},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Chinese Science Bulletin-Chinese},
  volume = {34},
  number = {66},
  pages = {4437--4448},
  doi = {10.1360/TB-2021-0381},
  language = {chi},
  keywords = {root zone storage capacity; reservoir storage capacity; lake storage capacity; gray-green-blue water; integrated water resource management},
  abstract = {Most of China's territory is influenced by the East Asia monsoon, and thus, the spatio-temporal distribution of surface water resources in China is extremely uneven, causing many water-related issues, e.g.. water scarcity and flooding. As the basis and essential condition of economic and social development, water-related infrastructures provide the material basis and guarantee for regulating and storing surface water resources and solving multi-dimensional water problems. The infrastructures that play an important role in surface water resource regulation and storage mainly include three types: Gray (such as dams), green (such as forests), and blue infrastructures (such as lakes). Gray infrastructures can reduce the flood peak and increase water supply during dry seasons by regulating and storing water so that the seasonal and inter-annual fluctuation of runoff is reduced, which plays an important role in water storage, water supply, flood control, and disaster mitigation. However, excessive gray infrastructures would have adverse effects on the social economy and environmental ecology. Unlike gray infrastructures, green and blue infrastructures can not only benefit water resource management but also have ecological functions, such as improving water quality and enhancing ecosystem services. Thus. it is significant to couple gray, green, and blue infrastructures to regulate the spatio-temporal distribution of water resources. However, research on the spatial distribution and temporal variation of water storage capacity is still lacking, which hinders the coordinated regulation and comprehensive management of surface water resources. Therefore, in the present study, the spatio-temporal distribution of the three aforementioned infrastructures was compared and analyzed on basin scale, based on the latest data of darns, root zone storage capacity, natural lakes, and so on. Results indicated the following: (1) Gray water storage capacity has exceeded that of the natural terrestrial surface ecosystem in the Yangtze River Basin and the Southeast Basins, where human activities are intense. (2) Gray water storage capacity has increased significantly in nine major basins from 1955 to 2020, but the timing of construction varies in different basins. (3) Green water storage capacity did not change much, the Songhua-Liaohe River Basin and the Huaihe River Basin increased slightly. (4) Blue water storage capacity shows a constantly increasing trend on the whole, in which the water storage capacity in the inland river basin (including the endorheic basin on the Tibetan Plateau) significantly increased. Our study revealed the basic information and spatio-temporal variation of gray-green-blue water storage capacities in nine major basins of China, which could lead to better coordination between natural and artificial water infrastructures and provide support for multidimensional optimization of water resource allocation.},
  issn = {0023-074X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_wangyan_2024,
  title = {Disaster effects of climate change and the associated scientific challenges},
  author = {Wang, Yan and Wang, Hao and Cui, Peng and Chen, Deliang and Tang, Jinbo and Ou, Tinghai and Hao, Jiansheng and Wang, Jiao and Zhang, Guotao and Lei, Yu and Wu, Chunhao},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Chinese Science Bulletin},
  volume = {2},
  number = {69},
  pages = {286--300},
  doi = {10.1360/TB-2023-0325},
  language = {chi},
  keywords = {climate change; natural hazards; disaster effects; response mechanisms; scientific challenges},
  abstract = {Climate change can be observed in various spheres of the Earth's system, including atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and cryosphere. The interactions among these spheres collectively impact the changes of the climate system. Natural disasters represent the most intense manifestation of the interactions among the Earth's spheres, and they have profound impacts on human society. In this study, we discuss the impact of climate change on natural disasters by examining the characteristics of climate change-induced hazards and the activity patterns of natural disasters. Furthermore, the response mechanisms of natural disasters to climate change are elaborated by exploring the formation and evolution of different types of natural disasters. Additionally, the future trends of disaster-pregnant environment under climate change are estimated, and the future trends of disaster risk are revealed by jointly considering the exposure and vulnerability. The main driving forces and formation conditions of natural disasters vary greatly among different geomorphic units, but they can generally be classified into three categories: Thermally driven disasters, gravitationally driven disasters, and hydrologically driven disasters. For example, heatwaves, tropical cyclones, tornadoes, and wildfires are common examples of thermally driven disasters which are forced by high temperatures or great thermal gradients. In addition, gravitationally driven disasters mainly occur in mountainous areas with significant differences in elevation, such as landslides, snow-ice avalanches and debris flows. The tsunamis caused by seabed movement are also gravity disasters. Furthermore, the disasters such as droughts, regional floods and sea-level rise are primarily driven by the changes in hydraulic conditions, and thus are classified as hydrologically driven disasters. In the context of enhanced climate change, the interactions among multiple spheres of the Earth's system are strengthened, causing the disaster-pregnant environment to evolve towards a more vulnerable state. Thus, the natural disasters present some new characteristics and trends, and the disaster risk shows a sharp increase. The interactions among different types of natural disasters have also become stronger, resulting in a significant rise in the risk of compound and cascading disaster. The differences in driving forces lead to significant variations in the disaster feedback to climate change among the varied geomorphic units. For example, the strengthened interaction between ocean and atmosphere leads to enhanced compound risk and destructive power of marine disasters. Besides, the intensification of water cycle contributes to increased spatial heterogeneity in drought and flood disasters, whose durations, intensities, and magnitudes show significant increasing trends. In addition, the high mountainous areas with altitude-dependent warming and the urban areas with significant heat island effects have obvious amplification effects in the responses to climate warming. This study advocates the goal of improving the accuracy and effectiveness of natural disaster prediction and early warning, and reducing the risk of climate change-related disasters. Five major scientific challenges of climate change-related disaster risk are proposed: (1) The mechanisms of climate change-driven interactions among Earth's spheres and the coupling of internal and external forces; (2) the spatio-temporal patterns of disaster development across different scales; (3) the perception of extreme event information and the data-driven risk identification; (4) the dynamics of disasters and the evolution of risk; (5) the disaster risk management and the resilient social development. By addressing the key issues in these five challenges through comprehensive and diversified approaches, we can deepen our scientific understanding on the Earth's system, adapt to global changes, and reduce disaster risks.},
  issn = {1001-6538}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ashornmikael_2025,
  title = {Assessing children’s vulnerability to climate change in Small Island Developing States: a case study from Saint Kitts and Nevis},
  author = {Ashorn, Mikael and Allen, Theodore and Guo, Junwen and Rocklöv, Joacim},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {PLOS Climate},
  volume = {12},
  number = {4},
  pages = {12},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pclm.0000789},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Public Library of Science (PLoS)},
  abstract = {Climate change poses significant risks to children, particularly in Small Island Developing States (SIDS), where geographic isolation, limited resources, and reliance on climate-sensitive sectors intensify vulnerabilities. This study pilots the Children’s Climate Risk Index – Disaster Risk Model (CCRI-DRM) to assess child-specific vulnerability to environmental hazards in Saint Kitts and Nevis at the parish level. Using a cross-sectional, subnational risk assessment approach, the model integrates locally sourced and global datasets to evaluate both exposure to climate and environmental hazards and underlying socio-economic vulnerabilities. The CCRI-DRM is structured around two pillars: Exposure to Climate and Environmental Hazards, Shocks, and Stresses, encompassing nine hazard components such as drought, flooding, tropical winds, vector-borne diseases, extreme heat, and air pollution; and Vulnerability to Climate and Environmental Shocks, captured through indicators of child health, education, and poverty. Normalized and aggregated risk scores from both pillars form a composite index that provides fine-grained insight into spatial disparities across the country’s 14 parishes. Results reveal substantial geographic variation, with Saint Paul Capisterre and Saint George Basseterre identified as the highest-risk areas due to the combined effects of extreme hazard exposure and systemic socio-economic vulnerabilities. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions that address both environmental risks and the structural conditions that amplify child vulnerability. This study demonstrates the utility of the CCRI-DRM in a SIDS context, showing how a refined, granular model can translate high-level climate policy frameworks into actionable, locally relevant adaptation and disaster risk reduction measures. By identifying where and why risks are highest, the CCRI-DRM offers a scalable approach for improving child-centered climate risk assessment in understudied, climate-vulnerable regions and for bridging the gap between policy and implementation.},
  issn = {2767-3200}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_futtermartyn_2013,
  title = {The Significance of Shifts in Precipitation Patterns: Modelling the Impacts of Climate Change and Glacier Retreat on Extreme Flood Events in Denali National Park, Alaska},
  author = {Futter, Martyn},
  year = {2013},
  journal = {PLoS ONE},
  number = {8},
  pages = {8},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0074054},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Public Library of Science (PLoS)},
  abstract = {In glacier-fed systems climate change may have various effects over a range of time scales, including increasing river discharge, flood frequency and magnitude. This study uses a combination of empirical monitoring and modelling to project the impacts of climate change on the glacial-fed Middle Fork Toklat River, Denali National Park, Alaska. We use a regional calibration of the model HBV to account for a paucity of long term observed flow data, validating a local application using glacial mass balance data and summer flow records. Two Global Climate Models (HADCM3 and CGCM2) and two IPCC scenarios (A2 and B2) are used to ascertain potential changes in meteorological conditions, river discharge, flood frequency and flood magnitude. Using remote sensing methods this study refines existing estimates of glacial recession rates, finding that since 2000, rates have increased from 24m per year to 68.5m per year, with associated increases in ablation zone ice loss. GCM projections indicate that over the 21st century these rates will increase still further, most extensively under the CGCM2 model, and A2 scenarios. Due to greater winter precipitation and ice and snow accumulation, glaciers release increasing meltwater quantities throughout the 21st century. Despite increases in glacial melt, results indicate that it is predominantly precipitation that affects river discharge. Three of the four IPCC scenarios project increases in flood frequency and magnitude, events which were primarily associated with changing precipitation patterns, rather than extreme temperature increases or meltwater release. Results suggest that although increasing temperatures will significantly increase glacial melt and winter baseflow, meltwater alone does not pose a significant flood hazard to the Toklat River catchment. Projected changes in precipitation are the primary concern, both through changing snow volumes available for melt, and more directly through increasing catchment runoff.},
  issn = {1932-6203}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_sagerwilliam_2022,
  title = {Walvis Ridge Hotspot: drilling Walvis Ridge, Southeast Atlantic Ocean, to test models of ridge-hotspot interaction, isotopic zonation, and the hotspot reference frame},
  author = {Sager, William and Hoernle, Kaj and Höfig, Tobias W. and Avery, Aaron J. and Bhutani, Rajneesh and Buchs, David M. and Carvallo, Claire A. and Class, Cornelia and Dai, Yuhao and Dalla Valle, Giacomo and Del Gaudio, Arianna V. and Gaastra, Kevin M. and Han, Seunghee and Heaton, Daniel and Homrighausen, Stephan and Kubota, Yusuke and Li, Chun Feng and Nelson, Wendy R. and Petrou, Ethan and Potter, Katherine E. and Pujatti, Simone and Scholpp, Jesse and Pincus, Maya and Fielding, Sharmonay and Shervais, John W. and Thoram, Sriharsha and Tikoo-Schantz, Sonia M. and Wang, Xiao Jun and Widdowson, Mike and Tshiningayamwe, Mbili},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {International Ocean Discovery Program: Preliminary Reports},
  number = {391},
  pages = {391},
  doi = {10.14379/iodp.pr.391.2022},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: IODP-MI},
  abstract = {Hotspot tracks (quasilinear chains of seamounts, ridges, and other volcanic structures) provide important records of plate motions, as well as mantle geodynamics, magma flux, and mantle source compositions. The Tristan-Gough-Walvis Ridge (TGW) hotspot track, extending from the active volcanic islands of Tristan da Cunha and Gough through a province of guyots and then along Walvis Ridge to the Etendeka flood basalt province, forms one of the most prominent and complex global hotspot tracks. The TGW hotspot track displays a tight linear age progression in which ages increase from the islands to the flood basalts (covering ~135 My). Unlike Pacific tracks, which are simple chains of seamounts that are often compared to chains of pearls, the TGW track is alternately a steep-sided narrow ridge, an oceanic plateau, subparallel linear ridges and chains of seamounts, and areas of what appear to be randomly dispersed seamounts. The track displays isotopic zonation over the last ~70 My. The zonation appears near the middle of the track just before it splits into two to three chains of ridge- and guyot-type seamounts. The older ridge is also overprinted with age-progressive late-stage volcanism, which was emplaced ~30–40 My after the initial eruptions and has a distinct isotopic composition. The plan for Expedition 391 was to drill at six sites, three along Walvis Ridge and three in the seamount (guyot) province, to gather igneous rocks to better understand the formation of track edifices, the temporal and geochemical evolution of the hotspot, and the variation in paleolatitudes at which the volcanic edifices formed. After a delay of 18 days to address a shipboard outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus, Expedition 391 proceeded to drill at four of the proposed sites: three sites on the eastern Walvis Ridge around Valdivia Bank, an ocean plateau within the ridge, and one site on the lower flank of a guyot in the Center track, a ridge located between the Tristan subtrack (which extends from the end of WalvisRidge to the island of Tristan da Cunha) and the Gough subtrack (which extends from Walvis Ridge to the island of Gough). One hole was drilled at Site U1575, located on a low portion of the northeastern Walvis Ridge north of Valdivia Bank. At this location, 209.9 m of sediments and 122.4 m of igneous basement were cored. The latter comprised 10 submarine lava units consisting of pillow, lobate, sheet, and massive lava flows, the thickest of which was ~21 m. Most lavas are tholeiitic, but some alkalic basalts were recovered. A portion of the igneous succession consists of low-Ti basalts, which are unusual because they appear in the Etendeka flood basalts but have not been previously found on Walvis Ridge. Two holes were drilled at Site U1576 on the west flank of Valdivia Bank. The first hole was terminated because a bit jammed shortly after penetrating igneous basement. Hole U1576A recovered a remarkable ~380 m thick sedimentary section consisting mostly of chalk covering a nearly complete sequence from Paleocene to Late Cretaceous (Campanian). These sediments display short and long cyclic color changes that imply astronomically forced and longer term paleoenvironmental changes. The igneous basement yielded 11 submarine lava units ranging from pillows to massive flows, which have compositions varying from tholeiitic basalt to basaltic andesite, the first occurrence of this composition recovered from the TGW track. These units are separated by seven sedimentary chalk units that range in thickness from 0.1 to 11.6 m, implying a long-term interplay of sedimentation and lava eruptions. Coring at Site U1577, on the extreme eastern flank of Valdivia Bank, penetrated a 154 m thick sedimentary section, the bottom ~108 m of which is Maastrichtian–Campanian (possibly Santonian) chalk with vitric tephra layers. Igneous basement coring progressed only 39.1 m below the sediment-basalt contact, recovering three massive submarine tholeiite basalt lava flows that are 4.1, 15.5, and >19.1 m thick, respectively. Paleomagnetic datafrom Sites U1577 and U1576 indicate that their volcanic basements formed just before the end of the Cretaceous Normal Superchron and during Chron 33r, shortly afterward, respectively. Biostratigraphic and paleomagnetic data suggest an east–west age progression across Valdivia Bank, becoming younger westward. Site U1578, located on a Center track guyot, provided a long and varied igneous section. After coring through 184.3 m of pelagic carbonate sediments mainly consisting of Eocene and Paleocene chalk, Hole U1578A cored 302.1 m of igneous basement. Basement lavas are largely pillows but are interspersed with sheet and massive flows. Lava compositions are mostly alkalic basalts with some hawaiite. Several intervals contain abundant olivine, and some of the pillow stacks consist of basalt with remarkably high Ti content. The igneous sequence is interrupted by 10 sedimentary interbeds consisting of chalk and volcaniclastics and ranging in thickness from 0.46 to 10.19 m. Paleomagnetic data display a change in basement magnetic polarity ~100 m above the base of the hole. Combining magnetic stratigraphy with biostratigraphic data, the igneous section is inferred to span >1 My. Abundant glass from pillow lava margins was recovered at Sites U1575, U1576, and U1578. Although the igneous penetration was only two-thirds of the planned amount, drilling during Expedition 391 obtained samples that clearly will lead to a deeper understanding of the evolution of the Tristan-Gough hotspot and its track. Relatively fresh basalts with good recovery will provide ample samples for geochemical, geochronologic, and paleomagnetic studies. Good recovery of Late Cretaceous and early Cenozoic chalk successions provides samples for paleoenvironmental study.},
  issn = {2372-9562}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_sagerw_2023,
  title = {Expedition 391 summary},
  author = {Sager, W. and Hoernle, K. and Höfig, T. W. and Avery, A. J. and Bhutani, R. and Buchs, D. M. and Carvallo, C. A. and Class, C. and Dai, Y. and Valle, G. Dalla and Del Gaudio, A. V. and Fielding, S. and Gaastra, K. M. and Han, S. and Homrighausen, S. and Kubota, Y. and Li, C. F. and Nelson, W. R. and Petrou, E. and Potter, K. E. and Pujatti, S. and Scholpp, J. and Shervais, J. W. and Thoram, S. and Tikoo-Schantz, S. M. and Tshiningayamwe, M. and Wang, X. J. and Widdowson, M.},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {International Ocean Discovery Program: Preliminary Reports},
  number = {391},
  pages = {391},
  doi = {10.14379/iodp.proc.391.101.2023},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: IODP-MI},
  abstract = {Hotspot tracks (chains of seamounts, ridges, and other volcanic structures) provide important records of plate motions, as well as mantle geodynamics, magma flux, and mantle source compositions. The Tristan-Gough-Walvis Ridge (TGW) hotspot track, extending from the active volcanic islands of Tristan da Cunha and Gough through a province of guyots and then along Walvis Ridge to the Etendeka flood basalt province, forms one of the most prominent and complex global hotspot tracks. The TGW hotspot track displays a tight linear age progression in which ages increase from the islands to the flood basalts (covering ~135 My). Unlike Pacific tracks, which are often simple, nearly linear chains of seamounts, the TGW track is alternately a steep-sided narrow ridge, an oceanic plateau, subparallel linear ridges and chains of seamounts (most are flat-topped guyots). The track displays isotopic zonation over the last ~70 My. The zonation appears near the middle of the track just before it splits into two to three chains ofridge- and guyot-type sea-mounts. Walvis Ridge, forming the older part of the track, is also overprinted with age-progressive late-stage volcanism, which was emplaced ~30-40 My after the initial eruptions and has a distinct isotopic composition. The plan for Expedition 391 was to drill at six sites, three along Walvis Ridge and three in the seamounts of the Guyot Province, to collect igneous rocks to better understand the formation of volcanic edifices, the temporal and geochemical evolution of the hotspot, and the variation in paleolatitudes at which the volcanic edifices formed. After a delay of 18 days to address a shipboard Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, Expedition 391 proceeded to drill at four of the proposed sites: three sites on Walvis Ridge around Valdivia Bank, an ocean plateau within the ridge, and one site on the lower flank of a guyot in the Center track of the Guyot Province, a ridge located between the Tristan subtrack (which extends from the end of Walvis Ridge to the islands of Tristan da Cunha) and the Gough subtrack (which extends from Walvis Ridge to Gough Island). The first hole was drilled at Site U1575, located on a low portion of the northeastern Walvis Ridge just north of Valdivia Bank. At this location, 209.9 m of sediments and 122.4 m of igneous basement were cored. The sediments ranged in age from Late Pleistocene (~0.43-1.24 Ma) to Late Cretaceous (Campanian; 72-78 Ma). The igneous basement comprised 10 submarine lava units consisting of pillow, lobate, sheet, and massive lava flows, the thickest of which was ~21 m. Most lavas are tholeiitic, but some alkalic basalts were recovered. A portion of the igneous succession consists of low-Ti basalts, which are unusual because they appear in the Etendeka flood basalts but have not been previously found on Walvis Ridge. Two holes were drilled at Site U1576 on the west flank of Valdivia Bank. The first of these holes was terminated because a bit jammed shortly after entering the igneous basement. Hole U1576A recovered a remarkable ~380 m thick sedimentary section consisting mostly of chalk covering a nearly complete sequence from Late Pleistocene (~0.43-1.24 Ma) to Late Cretaceous (Campanian; ~79-81.38 Ma). These sediments display short and long cyclic color changes that imply astronomically forced and longer term paleoenvironmental changes. The igneous basement recovered in Hole U1576B yielded 11 submarine lava units (total thickness = ~65 m). The flows range from pillows to massive flows with compositions varying from tholeiitic basalt to basaltic andesite, only the second occurrence of the latter composition recovered from the TGW track thus far. These units are separated by seven sedimentary chalk units that range 0.1-11.6 m in thickness, implying a longterm interplay of sedimentation and lava eruptions. These intercalated sediments revealed Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) ages of ~77-79 Ma for the upper two interbeds and ~79-81.38 Ma for the lower beds. Coring at Site U1577, on the extreme eastern flank of Valdivia Bank, penetrated a 154.8 mthick sedimentary section ranging from the Paleocene (Thanetian; ~58.8 Ma) to Upper Cretaceous (Campanian; ~81.43-83.20 Ma). Igneous basement coring progressed only 39.1 m below the sediment/basalt contact, recovering three massive submarine tholeiitic basalt lava flows that are 4.1, 15.5, and >19.1 m thick, respectively. Paleomagnetic data from Sites U1577 and U1576 indicate that the former volcanic basement formed just before the end of the Cretaceous Normal Superchron and the latter during Chron 33r, shortly afterward. Biostratigraphic and paleomagnetic data suggest that Valdivia Bank becomes younger from east to west. Site U1578, located on a Center track guyot, provided a long and varied igneous section. After coring through 184.3 m of pelagic carbonate sediments mainly consisting of Eocene and Paleocene chalk (~55.64-63.5 Ma), Hole U1578A cored 302.1 m of igneous basement. Basement lavas are largely pillows but are interspersed with sheet and massive flows. Lava compositions are mostly alkalic basalts with some hawaiite. Several intervals contain abundant olivine (some fresh), and some of the pillow stacks consist of basalt with remarkably high Ti content. The igneous sequence is interrupted by 10 sedimentary interbeds consisting of chalk and volcaniclastics and ranging 0.46-10.19 m in thickness. Investigations of toothpick samples from the intercalated sediments were examined, each revealing the same age range of ~63.5-64.81 Ma (lower Paleocene; Danian). Paleomagnetic data display a change in basement magnetic polarity ~100 m above the base of the hole. Combining magnetic stratigraphy with biostratigraphic data, the igneous section is inferred to span >1 My. Nearly 7 months after Expedition 391, JOIDES Resolution transited from Cape Town to the north Atlantic. During this transit (Expedition 397T), 7.9 days of ship time were used to drill two holes (U1584A and U1585A) at sites on the Gough and Tristan tracks that had been omitted because of COVID-19-related time loss on the earlier cruise. For both, coring was begun only a short distance above the igneous basement to save time. The 75.2 m thick section drilled in Hole U1584A contains two sedimentary units: clay-rich carbonate sediments overlie a pumice-dominated volcaniclastic deposit containing basalt fragments. Because the goal was to core basalt and the base of the volcaniclastic deposit was not imaged in the seismic profile, the hole was terminated early to save operation time for the next site. In Hole U1585A, coring penetrated a 273.5 m thick sediment section overlying an 81.2 m thick pile of massive basalt flows. The sediment section is divided into four units: • The uppermost unit consists of nannofossil chalk; • The two intermediate units contain alternating chalk and volcaniclastic sediments containing several breccia units; and • The lowermost unit consists of volcanic breccia containing juvenile blocks, bombs, and accretionary lapilli. This thick sedimentary section documents a transition from shallow-water volcanism to openocean sedimentation as the seamount subsided. The thick underlying basalt section is made up of four sparsely to highly phyric massive flows, the thickest of which is >43 m thick. Samples of these units are mostly basalt with a few trachybasalts and one trachyandesite. Although the igneous penetration was less than planned, coring during Expeditions 391 and 397T obtained samples that clearly will lead to an improved understanding of the evolution of the TGW hotspot and its track. Reasonable recovery of fresh basalt in some holes provides ample samples for geochemical, geochronologic, and paleomagnetic studies. Good recovery of Late Cretaceous and early Cenozoic chalk successions provides samples for paleoenvironmental study.},
  issn = {2372-9562}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_todoroviandrijana_2014,
  title = {Trends in Precipitation Indicators in Belgrade},
  author = {Todorović, Andrijana and Plavšić, Jasna and Despotović, Jovan and Pavlović, Dragutin},
  year = {2014},
  journal = {Int. Conf. on Contemporary Achievements in Civil Engineering},
  doi = {10.14415/konferencijaGFS2014.084},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Subotica, Serbia},
  abstract = {Hydraulic structures are designed according to flows of a given return period. The design flows, estimated by means of statistical analysis, depend on the observations, while climate change impact is not explicitly taken into account. As operating life of most hydraulic structures spreads over several decades, climate change impact should not be neglected.  In this paper an analysis of climate change impact on flood flows is conducted for the Kolubara River at Slovac and for the Toplica River at Doljevac. The analysis is performed on the outputs of hydrologic modelling with the precipitation and temperature projections as the input. The Peaks over Threshold (POT) method is applied for frequency analysis of floods extracted from the flow projections. Characteristic quantiles are calculated for two future periods and compared to those estimated over the baseline period. The results suggest an increase in flood flows, particularly in the mid-21st century. Regardless of considerable uncertainty, these results can be used as indication of increase in design flows, and should be therefore taken into consideration within the hydraulic structure design. (12) (PDF) Assessment of climate change impact on flood flows in two catchments in Serbia. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317635446_Assessment_of_climate_change_impact_on_flood_flows_in_two_catchments_in_Serbia [accessed Sep 08 2021].}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_todoroviandrijana_2017_1,
  title = {Assessment of Climate Change Impact on Floods in Two Catchments in Serbia},
  author = {Todorović‡, Andrijana and Plavšić, Jasna and Pavlović‡, Dragutin and Despotović, Jovan},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Conference proceedings 5th International Conference Contemporary Achievements in Civil Engineering 2017},
  pages = {685--694},
  doi = {10.14415/konferencijaGFS2017.073},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Faculty of Civil Engineering Subotica},
  keywords = {climate change; flood flows; pot method; the hbv-light model; the kolubara river; the toplica river},
  abstract = {Hydraulic structures are designed according to flows of a given return period. The design flows, estimated by means of statistical analysis, depend on the observations, while climate change impact is not explicitly taken into account. As operating life of most hydraulic structures spreads over several decades, climate change impact should not be neglected.  In this paper an analysis of climate change impact on flood flows is conducted for the Kolubara River at Slovac and for the Toplica River at Doljevac. The analysis is performed on the outputs of hydrologic modelling with the precipitation and temperature projections as the input. The Peaks over Threshold (POT) method is applied for frequency analysis of floods extracted from the flow projections. Characteristic quantiles are calculated for two future periods and compared to those estimated over the baseline period. The results suggest an increase in flood flows, particularly in the mid-21st century. Regardless of considerable uncertainty, these results can be used as indication of increase in design flows, and should be therefore taken into consideration within the hydraulic structure design.  (12) (PDF) Assessment of climate change impact on flood flows in two catchments in Serbia. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317635446_Assessment_of_climate_change_impact_on_flood_flows_in_two_catchments_in_Serbia [accessed Sep 08 2021].}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_sanderslucianam_2017,
  title = {240+239Pu depositional signatures as a viable geochronological tool in the Amazon Basin},
  author = {Sanders, Luciana M. and Taffs, Kathryn H. and Stokes, Debra and Enrich Prast, Alex and Sanders, Christian J.},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Geochronometria},
  volume = {1},
  number = {44},
  pages = {142--149},
  doi = {10.1515/geochr-2015-0068},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: DE GRUYTER OPEN LTD},
  keywords = {plutonium dating; geochronology; amazon floodplain lakes; sedimentation},
  abstract = {Anthropogenic radionuclide signatures associated with nuclear testing are increasingly utilized in environmental science to explore recent sedimentation. In this study, we assess the suitability of Pu radioisotope analysis in floodplain lake environments in the Amazon Basin to form geochronologies during the 20th century. The Pu-240 + Pu-239 (Pu240+239) signatures in six sediment cores indicate sediment accumulation rates in the floodplain lakes of the major rivers; Amazon (2.3 mm year(-1)), Tapajos (10.2 and 2.4 mm year(-1)) and Madeira (3.4, 4.2 and 6.2 mm year(-1)). The results from this study show that Pu240+239 fallout activities, and the well documented (Pu-240/Pu-239) atomic ratios of the above ground nuclear tests which began in the 1950s, are sufficient and well preserved in Amazon flood-plain lake sediments to infer chronologies. Lead-210 dating analyses in the same sediment cores produced comparable sediment accumulation rates at three of the six sites. The differences between dating methods may be attributed to the different time scale these dating methods represent and/or in the solubility between Pb and Pu along the sediment column. The geochronologies derived from the Pu240+239 and Pb-210 methods outlined in this work are of interest to identify the effects of changing sediment accumulation rates during the previous century as a result of development, including deforestation, along the Amazon Basin which increased towards the middle of the 20th century. This study shows that Pu dating provides a viable alternative geochronology tool for recent sediment accumulation (previous similar to 60 years) along the Amazon Basin.},
  issn = {1733-8387}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_srensenrasmus_2009,
  title = {Forest Harvest Increases Runoff Most during Low Flows in Two Boreal Streams},
  author = {Sörensen, Rasmus and Ring, Eva and Meili, Markus and Högbom, Lars and Seibert, Jan and Grabs, Thomas and Laudon, Hjalmar and Bishop, Kevin},
  year = {2009},
  journal = {Ambio},
  volume = {7},
  number = {38},
  pages = {357--363},
  doi = {10.1579/0044-7447-38.7.357},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences},
  keywords = {catchment; central sweden; large basins; oregon; paired intervention analysis; rejection rates; responses; roads; water; western cascades; earth sciences},
  abstract = {To understand how forest harvest influences the aquatic environment, it is essential to determine the changes in the flow regime. This paper presents changes in the hydrological regime during the first 2 y after harvest in two catchments of the Balsjo Catchment Study in Sweden. The changes were judged relative to a reference catchment, calibrated during an 18-mo pretreatment period starting in September 2004. From August 2006 through March 2008, there was an average of 35% more runoff from the harvested catchments relative to the reference. The flow increased most during the growing seasons and at base flows (< 1 mm d(-1); 58-99% increase), followed by dormant season and intermediate flows (30-43%). No significant changes were observed during the highest flows (over 5 mm d(-1)), except for the spring flood a few weeks after harvest, which was delayed and attenuated. Large relative changes in low flow may influence the ecosystem by altering the aquatic habitat},
  issn = {0044-7447}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_faulknerh_2007,
  title = {Developing a translational discourse to communicate uncertainty in flood risk between science and the practitioner},
  author = {Faulkner, H. and Parker, D. and Green, C. and Beven, Keith J},
  year = {2007},
  journal = {Ambio},
  volume = {8},
  number = {36},
  pages = {692--704},
  doi = {10.1579/0044-7447(2007)36[692:DATDTC]2.0.CO;2},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {earth sciences},
  abstract = {The language and tools of risk and uncertainty estimation in flood risk management (FRM) are rarely optimized for the extant communication challenge. This paper develops the rationale for a pragmatic semiotics of risk communication between scientists developing flood models and forecasts and those professional groups who are the receptors for flood risk estimates and warnings in the UK. The current barriers to effective communication and the constraints involved in the formation of a communication language are explored, focusing on the role of the professional's agenda or “mission” in creating or reducing those constraints. The tools available for the development of this discourse, for both flood warnings in real time and generalized FRM communications, are outlined. It is argued that the contested ownership of the articulation of uncertainties embedded in flood risk communications could be reduced by the development of a formally structured translational discourse between science and professionals in FRM, through which process “codes of practice” for uncertainty estimation in different application areas can be developed. Ways in which this might take place in an institutional context are considered.},
  issn = {0044-7447}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_masudalsm_2016,
  title = {Benthic microalgae community response to flooding in a tropical salt flat},
  author = {Masuda, L. S. M. and Enrich Prast, Alex},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Brazilian Journal of Biology},
  volume = {3},
  number = {76},
  pages = {577--582},
  doi = {10.1590/1519-6984.18314},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: INT INST ECOLOGY},
  keywords = {microphytobenthos; cyanobacteria; microcoleus spp.; hypersaline environment},
  abstract = {This research evaluated the effect of flooding on the microphytobenthos community structure in a microbial mat from a tropical salt flat. Field samples were collected during four consecutive days: on the first three days the salt flat was dry, on the fourth day it was flooded by rain. In order to evaluate the community maintained in flood conditions, samples from this area were collected and kept in the laboratory for 10 days with sea water. The results of total abundance of microphytobenthos varied from 4.2 x 10(8) to 2.9 x 10(9) organisms L-1, total density increased one order of magnitude under the effect of water for both situations of precipitation in the salt flat and in experimental conditions, an increase due to the high abundance of Microcoleus spp. Shannon index (H) was higher during the desiccation period. Our data suggest that changes in the abundance of organisms were due to the effect of water. The dominance of the most abundant taxa remained the same under conditions of desiccation and influence of water, and there is probably a consortium of microorganisms in the microbial mat that helps to maintain these dominances.},
  issn = {1519-6984}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_chenyd_2010,
  title = {Regional analysis of low flow using L-moments for Dongjiang basin, South China},
  author = {Chen, Y. D. and Huang, G. and Shao, Q. and Xu, Chong-yu},
  year = {2010},
  journal = {Hydrological Sciences Journal},
  volume = {6},
  number = {51},
  pages = {1051--1064},
  doi = {10.1623/hysj.51.6.1051},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Informa UK Limited},
  keywords = {hydrology; hydrologi},
  abstract = {Dongjiang water has been the key source of water supplies for Hong Kong and its neighbouring cities in the Pearl River Delta in South China since the mid-1960s. Rapid economic development and population growth in this region have caused serious concerns over the adequacy of the quantity and quality of water withdrawn from the Dongjiang River in the future. Information on the magnitude and frequency of low flows in the basin is needed for planning of water resources at present and in the near future. The L-moment method is used to analyse the regional frequency of low flows, since recent studies have shown that it is superior to other methods that have been used previously, and is now being adopted by many organizations worldwide. In this study, basin-wide analysis of low flows is conducted for Dongjiang basin using five distributions: generalized logistic, generalized extreme value, lognormal, Pearson type III and generalized Pareto. Each of these has three parameters estimated by the L-moment method. The  discordancy index and homogeneity testing show that 14 out of the 16 study sites belong to a homogenous region; these are used for further analysis. Based on the L-moment ratios diagram, the Hosking and Wallis goodness-of-fit statistical criterion and the L-kurtosis criterion, the three-parameter lognormal distribution is identified as the most appropriate distribution for the homogeneous study region. The regional low-flow estimates for each return period are obtained using the index flood procedure. Examination of the observed and simulated low flows by regional frequency analysis shows a good agreement in general, and the results may satisfy practical application. Furthermore, the regional low-flow relationship between mean annual 7-day low flows and basin area is developed using linear regression, providing a simple and effective method for estimation of low flows of desired return periods for ungauged catchments.},
  issn = {0262-6667}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dibaldassarregiuliano_2010_3,
  title = {Analysis of the effects of levee heightening on flood propagation: example of the River Po, Italy},
  author = {Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and CASTELLARIN, A and BRATH, A},
  year = {2010},
  journal = {Hydrological Sciences Journal},
  volume = {6},
  number = {54},
  pages = {1007--1017},
  doi = {10.1623/hysj.54.6.1007},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Informa UK Limited},
  abstract = {The effects of human activities on flood propagation, during the period 1878-2005, in a 190-km reach of the middle-lower portion of the River Po (Northern Italy) are investigated. A series of topographical, hydrological and inundation data were collected for the 1878 River Po geometry and the June 1879 flood event, characterised by an inundated area of 432 km(2). The aim of the study is two-fold: (1) to show the applicability of flood inundation models in reconstructing historical inundation events, and (2) to assess the effects of human activities during the last century on flood propagation in the middle-lower portion of the River Po. Numerical simulations were performed by coupling a two-dimensional finite element code, TELEMAC-2D, with a one-dimensional finite difference code, HEC-RAS.},
  issn = {0262-6667}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mukolwemicahm_2014,
  title = {Flood modelling: parameterisation and inflow uncertainty},
  author = {Mukolwe, Micah M. and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Werner, Micha and Solomatine, Dimitri P.},
  year = {2014},
  journal = {Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers},
  volume = {1},
  number = {167},
  pages = {51--60},
  doi = {10.1680/wama.12.00087},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Thomas Telford Ltd.},
  abstract = {This paper presents an analysis of uncertainty in hydraulic modelling of floods, focusing on the inaccuracy caused by inflow errors and parameter uncertainty. In particular, the study develops a method to propagate the uncertainty induced by, firstly, application of a stage–discharge rating curve and, secondly, parameterisation of a one-dimensional hydraulic model by way of the power function and the conditioning of Manning's roughness coefficients. The proposed methodology was applied to a 98 km reach of the River Po, Italy. Model performance was evaluated using two independent sets of observed water levels in the river reach within a generalised likelihood uncertainty estimation framework. The inflow uncertainty was found to have a greater contribution to the overall uncertainty of the 1D model than the roughness parameters. Independent parameter conditioning and validation, as well as the uncertainty analysis, showed satisfactory model performance. When conditioned on one flood event, the model adequately simulated flood levels and high water marks for another (independent) event, as the observations were within 90% confidence interval of the simulation ensemble.},
  issn = {1741-7589}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_srivastavarajeshk_2020,
  title = {Spatial and temporal distribution of Large Igneous Provinces in the Indian Shield - Highlights of recent investigations},
  author = {Srivastava, Rajesh K. and Samal, Amiya K. and Ernst, Richard E. and Söderlund, Ulf and Shankar, Ravi},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy},
  volume = {1},
  number = {86},
  pages = {313--330},
  doi = {10.16943/ptinsa/2020/49807},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Springer Nature},
  abstract = {This report highlights investigations since 2016 on the Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs), particularly based on their mafic dyke swarms (MDSs) and continental flood basalts (CFBs), from the Indian Shield. Recent research, particularly geochemistry, geochronology and paleomagnetism, allow identification and characterization of distinct generations of LIPs in space and time in the Indian Shield. This could be the basis for critical new tests of paleogeographic reconstructions of supercontinents and paleocontinents of the Earth's history and the position of India in different ancient supercontinent/supercratons. The high-quality data generated in recent years also helped significantly to understand the nature, composition and evolution of the sub-continental lithospheric mantle beneath the Indian Shield, which aims at resolving important geological aspects, such as the role of plume tectonics, ancient subduction events, extent of the LIPs paleo-supercontinent reconstructions, etc., and has received considerable national and international attention.},
  issn = {0370-0046}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_duboiskvin_2025_1,
  title = {Exploring Storm Tides Projections and Their Return Levels Around the Baltic Sea Using a Machine Learning Approach},
  author = {Dubois, Kévin and Nilsson, Erik O. and Larsen, Morten Andreas Dahl and Drews, Martin and Hieronymus, Magnus and Karami, Mehdi Pasha and Rutgersson, Anna},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Tellus. Series A, Dynamic meteorology and oceanography},
  volume = {1},
  number = {77},
  pages = {79--97},
  doi = {10.16993/tellusa.4101},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Stockholms universitets förlag},
  keywords = {machine learning; baltic sea; coastal flooding; extreme sea levels},
  abstract = {Extreme sea levels are a major global concern due to their potential to cause fatalities and significant economic losses in coastal areas. Consequently, accurate projections of these extremes for the coming century are crucial for effective coastal planning. While it is well established that relative sea level rise driven by ongoing climate change is a key factor influencing future extreme sea levels, changes in storm surges resulting from shifts in storm climatology may also play a critical role. In this study, we project future daily maximum storm tides (the combination of storm surge and tides) using a random forest machine learning approach for 59 stations around the Baltic Sea, based on atmospheric variables such as surface pressure, wind speed, and wind direction derived from climate datasets. The results suggest both positive and negative changes, with sub-regional variations, in 50-year storm tide return levels across the Baltic Sea when comparing the period of 2070–2099 to 1850–1879. Localized increases of up to 10 cm are projected along the west coast of Sweden and the northern Baltic Sea, while decreases of up to 6 cm are anticipated along the south coast of Sweden, the Gulf of Riga, and the mouth of the Gulf of Finland. Negligible levels of change are expected in other parts of the Baltic Sea. The variability in atmospheric drivers across the four climate models contributes to a high degree of uncertainty in future climate projections.},
  issn = {0280-6495}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_beckerper_2020,
  title = {The Problem of Fit in Flood Risk Governance: Regulative, Normative, and Cultural-Cognitive Deliberations},
  author = {Becker, Per},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Politics and Governance},
  volume = {4},
  number = {8},
  pages = {281--293},
  doi = {10.17645/pag.v8i4.3059},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Lissabon : Cogitatio},
  keywords = {flood risk; governance; governmentalization; institutional fit; institutionalism; mitigation; problem of fit; sweden},
  abstract = {Flood risk is a growing global concern that is not only affecting developing countries, but also the sustainable development of the most affluent liberal democracies. This has attracted attention to the systems governing flood risk across administrative levels, which vary between countries, but are relatively similar in the Nordic region, with both responsibilities and resources largely decentralized to the municipal level. However, floods tend not to be bounded by conventional borders but demand attention to the catchment area as a whole. Influential voices have long argued the importance of fit between the biophysical basis of an issue and the institutional arrangements of actors engaging in its governance. The article investigates such institutional fit in flood risk governance, based on a case study of flood risk mitigation in the Höje Å catchment area in Southern Sweden. Analyzing a unique dataset comprising 217 interviews with all individual formal actors actively engaged in flood risk mitigation in the catchment area illuminates a ’problem of fit’ between the hydrological system behind flood risk and the institutional arrangements of its governance. This ’problem of fit’ is not only visible along the borders of the municipalities composing the catchment area, but also of the spatial planning areas within them. The article deliberates on regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive elements that align to lock flood risk governance into a regime of practices that, if not addressed, continues to undermine society’s ability to anticipate and adapt to the expected escalation of flood risk in a changing climate.},
  issn = {2183-2463}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_brandtsvenanders_2021,
  title = {Mapping Flood Risk Uncertainty Zones in Support of Urban Resilience Planning},
  author = {Brandt, Sven Anders and Lim, Nancy Joy and Colding, Johan and Barthel, Stephan},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Urban Planning},
  volume = {3},
  number = {6},
  pages = {258--271},
  doi = {10.17645/up.v6i3.4073},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Lisbon, Portugal : Cogitatio},
  keywords = {digital elevation models; ecosystem services; flood map uncertainties; gis tool; river floods; urban resilience; sustainable urban development; hållbar stadsutveckling},
  abstract = {River flooding and urbanization are processes of different character that take place worldwide. As the latter tends to make the consequences of the former worse, together with the uncertainties related to future climate change and flood‐risk modeling, there is a need to both use existing tools and develop new ones that help the management and planning of urban environments. In this article a prototype tool, based on estimated maximum land cover roughness variation, the slope of the ground, and the quality of the used digital elevation models, and that can produce flood ‘uncertainty zones’ of varying width around modeled flood boundaries, is presented. The concept of uncertainty, which urban planners often fail to consider in the spatial planning process, changes from something very difficult into an advantage in this way. Not only may these uncertainties be easier to understand by the urban planners, but the uncertainties may also function as a communication tool between the planners and other stakeholders. Because flood risk is something that urban planners always need to consider, these uncertainty zones can function both as buffer areas against floods, and as blue‐green designs of significant importance for a variety of ecosystem services. As the Earth is warming and the world is urbanizing at rates and scales unprecedented in history, we believe that new tools for urban resilience planning are not only urgently needed, but also will have a positive impact on urban planning.},
  issn = {2183-7635}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_sjmanhenrik_2025,
  title = {‘Dendro Futura’ – the urban trees of tomorrow with its challenges and opportunities},
  author = {Sjöman, Henrik and Martin, K. W.E.},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Acta Horticulturae},
  pages = {51--62},
  doi = {10.17660/ActaHortic.2025.1429.6},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Leuven : International Society for Horticultural Science},
  keywords = {climate change; ecosystem services; plant selection; tree selection; urban trees},
  abstract = {Trees are among our best allies in the fight against climate change and biodiversity loss. Although we often think of them in forests, most of our interactions with trees take place in urban environments and in private gardens, where they provide us with shade, heat control, flood avoidance, noise and pollution reduction, beauty, and much more. However, to maintain and increase those manifold benefits we urgently need to rethink tree selection for our parks and gardens, to include those species and provenances most suitable for the environmental conditions and stresses posed by a rapidly changing and unpredictable climate, spreading pests and emerging plant diseases. To create resilience to present and future challenges, where the exact consequences of future scenarios cannot be predicted in advance, a commonly proposed solution is to cultivate a large diversity of trees, i.e., increase tree diversity at many taxonomic levels. Achieving an increased diversity of trees to improve the resilience to future conditions is likely to involve greater use of non-traditional species and unique genetic types of trees. Here we want to discuss the need to acknowledge intraspecific variation within species when planning resilient tree populations for urban environments securing a matching genetic plant material for future environmental challenges with suggestions of strategies to enrich urban tree diversity and resilience. This includes an insight in a unique research profile which includes travels all over the world to study natural environments matching urban environments and further evaluation of trees for urban challenges in order to create a firsthand guidance in finding the right tree for the right place and function. Through careful plant physiological studies, it is possible to identify clear differences between different genetic types (ecotypes) within the same species, which makes it possible to tailor the right tree for the right place and function to a greater extent than earlier.},
  issn = {0567-7572}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_palmermargareta_2008,
  title = {Climate change and the world's river basins: anticipating management options},
  author = {Palmer, Margaret A and Reidy Liermann, Catherine A and Nilsson, Christer and Flörke, Martina and Alcamo, Joseph and Lake, P Sam and Bond, Nick},
  year = {2008},
  journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment},
  volume = {2},
  number = {6},
  pages = {81--89},
  doi = {10.1890/060148},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  abstract = {Major rivers worldwide have experienced dramatic changes in flow, reducing their natural ability to adjust to and absorb disturbances. Given expected changes in global climate and water needs, this may create serious problems, including loss of native biodiversity and risks to ecosystems and humans from increased flooding or water shortages. Here, we project river discharge under different climate and water withdrawal scenarios and combine this with data on the impact of dams on large river basins to create global maps illustrating potential changes in discharge and water stress for dam-impacted and free-flowing basins. The projections indicate that every populated basin in the world will experience changes in river discharge and many will experience water stress. The magnitude of these impacts is used to identify basins likely and almost certain to require proactive or reactive management intervention. Our analysis indicates that the area in need of management action to mitigate the impacts of climate change is much greater for basins impacted by dams than for basins with free-flowing rivers. Nearly one billion people live in areas likely to require action and approximately 365 million people live in basins almost certain to require action. Proactive management efforts will minimize risks to ecosystems and people and may be less costly than reactive efforts taken only once problems have arisen.},
  issn = {1540-9295}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_granathgustaf_2010,
  title = {Rapid ecosystem shifts in peatlands: Linking plant physiology and succession},
  author = {Granath, Gustaf and Strengbom, Joachim and Rydin, Håkan},
  year = {2010},
  journal = {Ecology},
  volume = {10},
  number = {91},
  pages = {3047--3056},
  doi = {10.1890/09-2267.1},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Wiley},
  keywords = {allogenic succession; bog; calcareous; catastrophic shift; competition; drought; flooding; hällefjärd; mire; ombrotrophication; photosynthesis; sphagnum spp; sweden; biology; biology with specialization in ecological botany; biologi med inriktning mot ekologisk botanik},
  abstract = {Stratigraphic records from peatlands suggest that the shift from a rich fen (calcareous fen) to an ombrotrophic bog can occur rapidly. This shift constitutes a switch from a species-rich ecosystem to a species-poor one with greater carbon storage. In this process, the invasion and expansion of acidifying bog species of Sphagnum (peat mosses) play a key role. To test under what conditions an acidifying bog species could invade a rich fen, we conducted three experiments, contrasting the bog species S. fucsum with the rich-fen species S. warnstorfii and S. teres. We first tested the effect of calcareous water by growing the three species at different constant height above the water table (HWT; 2, 7, and 14 cm) in a rich-fen pool and measured maximum photosynthetic rate and production and difference in length growth as an indicator of competition. In none of the species was the photosynthetic capacity negatively affected when placed at low HWT, but S. fuscum was a weaker competitor at low HWT. In our second experiment we transplanted the three species into microhabitats with different and naturally varying HWT in a rich fen. Here, S. fuscum nearly ceased to photosynthesize when transplanted to low HWT (brown moss carpet), while it performed similarly to the two rich-fen species at the intermediate level (S. warnstorfii hummock level). In contrast to S. fuscum, the rich-fen sphagna performed equally well in both habitats. The brown moss carpet was seasonally flooded, and in our third experiment we found that S. fuscum, but not S. teres, was severely damaged when submerged in rich-fen water. Our results suggest two thresholds in HWT affecting the ecosystem switch: one level that reduces the risk of submergence and a higher one that makes bog sphagna competitive against the rich-fen species.},
  issn = {0012-9658}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_scainichiara_2024,
  title = {Unravelling The Potential Of Context-Based Storylines: Towards ecosystem-based land use planning for the Tagliamento River, northeastern Italy},
  author = {Scaini, Chiara and Scaini, Anna},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Shima},
  volume = {1},
  number = {19},
  pages = {115--135},
  doi = {10.21463/shima.236},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Shima Publishing},
  keywords = {context-based storylines; disaster risk reduction; ecosystem services; exposure assessment; land use planning; nature-based solutions; river conservation},
  abstract = {Land use changes can pose threats to natural ecosystems already challenged by anthropogenic pressures and increase societal exposure to river-related risks such as floods. In the Tagliamento river basin, a reference ecosystem for the restoration of Alpine rivers, land use planning was identified by locals as a major flood risk management issue. Here, we present evidence of the evolution of land use in the basin and explore the synergies between river conservation efforts and ecosystem-based land use planning. We present two storylines, one about a village that moved across the river and a second about a village that became an island. The analysis of the two storylines suggests a narrative that highlights (i) the preservation of natural regulatory functions in the middle course and (ii) the reactivation of fluvial corridors and wetlands in the lower course. Past documents highlighted that land use plans should account for threats posed by multiple hazardous phenomena (e.g., floods and droughts) to natural and human assets. We provide suggestions for future land use plans in the river basin integrating local knowledge and historical evidence into context-dependent storylines to convey risk-related concepts to the public.},
  issn = {1834-6049}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_utkinakateryna_2025,
  title = {Valuing structured alternatives for retrofitting blue-green infrastructure at a catchment scale using the Benefit Estimation Tool (B£ST)},
  author = {Utkina, Kateryna and Ashley, Richard M. and Zhengdong, Sun and Adhikari, Utsav and Kali, Suna Ekin and Deak Sjöman, Johanna and Randrup, Thomas B. and Viklander, Maria and Blecken, Godecke-Tobias},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Blue-Green Systems},
  volume = {1},
  number = {7},
  pages = {139--155},
  doi = {10.2166/bgs.2025.022},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: IWA Publishing},
  keywords = {benefit estimation tool; blue-green infrastructure; catchment scale; naturalness scale; social benefits; spatial scale; va-teknik; urban water engineering; centre - centre for stormwater management (drizzle); centrumbildning - centrum för dagvattenhantering (drizzle)},
  abstract = {Blue-green infrastructure (BGI) options are considered to be more sustainable practices for water management and bring arange of benefits over and above water management. Davidshall in Malmö, Sweden, has been used as a case area toassess the multiple benefits of implementing BGI, considering seven alternative BGI schemes systematically developed alongtwo scales: naturalness (i.e. more/less engineered/complex) and spatial distribution (e.g. decentral vs. end-of-pipe). The baseline alternative was the existing situation. The Benefit Estimation Tool (B£ST) was used to carry out a socio-economicassessment. The overall benefits varied significantly (two orders of magnitude), depending on the BGI scheme implemented:the greatest values were associated with natural decentral, natural decentral/end-of-pipe, and engineered decentral/endof-pipe alternatives, those including sub-surface and open dry detention, stormwater tree pits, and rain gardens. The threeB£ST categories providing the greatest benefits were enhancing amenity, benefiting health, and reducing flooding. Cultural ecosystem services were provided by all alternatives, and two alternatives (natural decentral and natural decentral/end-of-pipe)also provided regulating ecosystem services. The study showed that amenity and health were the most significant benefitsof BGI implementation, contrasting with the main aim of BGI implementation, which was stormwater management (water quality and flood protection).},
  issn = {2617-4782}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_yankun_2013,
  title = {Exploring the potential of SRTM topographic data for flood inundation modelling under uncertainty},
  author = {Yan, Kun and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Solomatine, Dimitri P.},
  year = {2013},
  journal = {Journal of Hydroinformatics},
  volume = {3},
  number = {15},
  pages = {849--861},
  doi = {10.2166/hydro.2013.137},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: IWA Publishing},
  abstract = {The desirable data for model building and calibration to support the decision-making process in flood risk management are often not sufficient or unavailable. A potential opportunity is now offered by global remote sensing data, which can be freely (or at low cost) obtained from the internet, for example, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) topography. There is a general sense that inundation modelling performance will be degraded by using SRTM topography data. However, the actual effectiveness and usefulness of SRTM topography is still largely unexplored. To overcome this lack of knowledge, we have explored the value of SRTM topography to support flood inundation modelling under uncertainty. The study was performed on a 98 km reach of the River Po in northern Italy. The comparison between a hydraulic model based on high-quality topography and one based on SRTM topography was carried out by explicitly considering other sources of uncertainty (besides topography inaccuracy) that unavoidably affect hydraulic modelling, such as parameter and inflow uncertainties. The results of this study showed that the differences between the high-resolution topography-based model and the SRTM-based model are significant, but within the accuracy that is typically associated with large-scale flood studies.},
  issn = {1464-7141}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_stanimilo_2017,
  title = {Extreme Flood Reconstruction by Using the 3DNet Platform for Hydrological Modelling},
  author = {Stanić, Miloš and Todorović, Andrijana and Vasilić, Željko and Plavšić, Jasna},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Journal of Hydroinformatics},
  doi = {10.2166/hydro.2017.050},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: IWA Publishing},
  abstract = {Notwithstanding recent advances in hydrological modelling, flood simulations remain challenging since many processes must be simulated with high computational efficiency. This paper presents a novel geographic information system (GIS)-oriented platform 3DNet and the associated hydrologic model, with focus on the platform and model features that are relevant for flood simulations. The platform enables hydraulic structures to be incorporated in the hydrologic model, as well as water retention. A limiting capacity can be imposed on every river reach enabling estimation of flooding volume. Runoff is simulated within irregularly shaped units that can be aggregated providing spatial flexibility, i.e. model setup can vary from lumped to semi- and fully-distributed. The model contains many parameters with a physical connotation that can be inferred from catchment characteristics, and it enables simulations with minimum data requirements. All algorithms are implemented in C++ warranting fast computations, while the spatial flexibility can provide additional speed-up. The model is used for a reconstruction of a devastating flood in the Kolubara catchment in May 2014. Despite incomplete and uncertain observations, reasonable results across the catchment are obtained with the plausible parameter estimates. The results suggest that enclosure of the presented features in flood simulation tools would improve simulation accuracy and efficiency.},
  issn = {1464-7141}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ivkovimarija_2018,
  title = {Improved input to distributed hydrologic model in areas with sparse subdaily rainfall data using multivariate daily rainfall disaggregation},
  author = {Ivković, Marija and Todorović, Andrijana and Plavšić, Jasna},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Journal of Hydroinformatics},
  doi = {10.2166/hydro.2018.053},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: IWA Publishing},
  abstract = {Flood forecasting relies on good quality of observed and forecasted rainfall. In Serbia, the recording rain gauge network is sparse and rainfall data mainly come from dense non-recording rain gauges. This is not beneficial for flood forecasting in smaller catchments and short-duration events, when hydrologic models operating on subdaily scale are applied. Moreover, differences in rainfall amounts from two types of gauges can be considerable, which is common in operational hydrological practice. This paper examines the possibility of including daily rainfall data from dense observation networks in flood forecasting based on subdaily data, using the extreme flood event in the Kolubara catchment in May 2014 as a case study. Daily rainfall from a dense observation network is disaggregated to hourly scale using the MuDRain multivariate disaggregation software. The disaggregation procedure results in well-reproduced rainfall dynamics and adjusts rainfall volume to the values from the non-recording gauges. The fully distributed wflow_hbv model, which is under development as a forecasting tool for the Kolubara catchment, is used for flood simulations with two alternative hourly rainfall data. The results show an improvement when the disaggregated rainfall from denser network is used, thus indicating the significance of better representation of rainfall temporal and spatial variability for flood forecasting.},
  issn = {1464-7141}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_lundbergangela_2001,
  title = {Ash on snow a tool: a tool to prevent flooding?},
  author = {Lundberg, Angela and Beyerl, H.},
  year = {2001},
  journal = {Nordic Hydrology},
  volume = {3},
  number = {32},
  pages = {195--214},
  doi = {10.2166/nh.2001.0012},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: IWA Publishing},
  keywords = {applied geology; tillämpad geologi},
  abstract = {Years with late spring in combination with thick snow-pack constitute risk for flooding. To decrease that risk, the possibility of spreading albedo-lowering material (wood ash) on parts of a basin snow has been examined. By blackening the snow more solar radiation is absorbed and the snowmelt is enhanced. If sun-exposed parts of the basin are ash-treated (before normal runoff starts) the runoff will be distributed over a longer period of time and the risk of flooding will be reduced. Wood ash in different concentrations was spread on small snow plots and melt rates and albedo were measured. For snow covered with 0.03 kg ash m super(-2), the albedo was decreased from approximately 0.60 for natural snow to approximately 0.25, resulting in approximately 90% more absorbed short-wave radiation. Melt on the ash treated surface, (daily average snow water equivalent), was 70% larger than melt on natural snow (12 and 7 mm d super(-1) respectively). A five times larger concentration (0.15 kg m super(-2)) only increased the melt rate to 14 mm d super(-1). The temperature-index method was shown to be inadequate for modelling the melt rate for the ash treated snow. A radiation-index model, based on absorbed incoming short wave radiation, was shown to model the melt rate better than the temperature-index method.},
  issn = {0029-1277}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dibaldassarregiuliano_2011_3,
  title = {A hydraulic study on the applicability of flood rating curves},
  author = {Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Claps, P},
  year = {2011},
  journal = {Hydrology Research},
  volume = {1},
  number = {42},
  pages = {10--19},
  doi = {10.2166/nh.2010.098},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: IWA Publishing},
  abstract = {Several hydrological studies have shown that river discharge records are affected by significant uncertainty. This uncertainty is expected to be very high for river flow data referred to flood events, when the stage–discharge rating curve is extrapolated far beyond the measurement range. This study examines the standard methodologies for the construction and extrapolation of rating curves to extreme flow depths and shows the need of proper approaches to reduce the uncertainty of flood discharge data. To this end, a comprehensive analysis is performed on a 16▒km reach of the River Po (Italy) where five hydraulic models (HEC-RAS) were built. The results of five topographical surveys conducted during the last 50 years are used as geometric input. The application demonstrates that hydraulically built stage–discharge curves for the five cases differ only for ordinary flows, so that a common rating curve for flood discharges can be derived. This result confirms the validity of statistical approaches to the estimation of the so-called ‘flood rating curve’, a unique stage–discharge curve based on data of contemporaneous annual maxima of stage and discharge values, which appears insensitive to marginal changes in river geometry.},
  issn = {0029-1277}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_brandimarteluigia_2012,
  title = {Uncertainty in design flood profiles derived by hydraulic modelling},
  author = {Brandimarte, Luigia and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano},
  year = {2012},
  journal = {Hydrology Research},
  volume = {6},
  number = {43},
  pages = {753--761},
  doi = {10.2166/nh.2011.086},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: IWA Publishing},
  keywords = {design flood; hydraulic modelling; levee design; uncertainty analysis},
  abstract = {The scientific literature has widely shown that hydraulic modelling is affected by many sources of uncertainty (e.g. model structure, input data, model parameters). However, when hydraulic models are used for engineering purposes (e.g. flood defense design), there is still a tendency to make a deterministic use of them. More specifically, the prediction of flood design profiles is often based on the outcomes of a calibrated hydraulic model. Despite the good results in model calibration, this prediction is affected by significant uncertainty, which is commonly considered by adding a freeboard to the simulated flood profile. A more accurate approach would require an explicit analysis of the sources of uncertainty affecting hydraulic modelling and design flood estimation. This paper proposes an alternative approach, which is based on the use of uncertain flood profiles, where the most significant sources of uncertainty are explicitly analyzed. An application to the Po river reach between Cremona and Borgoforte (Italy) is used to illustrate the proposed framework and compare it to the traditional approach. This paper shows that the deterministic approach underestimates the design flood profile and questions whether the freeboard, often arbitrarily defined, might lead to a false perception of additional safety levels.},
  issn = {0029-1277}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bianguodong_2020,
  title = {Detection and attribution of flood responses to precipitation change and urbanization: A case study in Qinhuai River Basin, Southeast China},
  author = {Bian, Guodong and Du, Jinkang and Song, Mingming and Zhang, Xueliang and Zhang, Xingqi and Li, Runjie and Wu, Sengyao and Duan, Zheng and Xu, Chong Yu},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Hydrology Research},
  volume = {2},
  number = {51},
  pages = {351--365},
  doi = {10.2166/nh.2020.063},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: IWA Publishing},
  abstract = {Both flood magnitude and frequency might change under the changing environment. In this study, a procedure combining statistical methods, flood frequency analysis and attribution analysis was proposed to investigate the response of floods to urbanization and precipitation change in the Qinhuai River Basin, an urbanized basin located in Southeast China, over the period from 1986 to 2013. The Mann–Kendall test was employed to detect the gradual trend of the annual maximum streamflow and the peaks over threshold series. The frequency analysis was applied to estimate the changes in the magnitude and frequency of floods between the baseline period (1986–2001) and urbanization period (2002–2013). An attribution analysis was proposed to separate the effects of precipitation change and urbanization on flood sizes between the two periods. Results showed that: (1) there are significant increasing trends in medium and small flood series according to the Mann–Kendall test; (2) the mean and threshold values of flood series in the urbanization period were larger than those in the baseline period, while the standard deviation, coefficient of variation and coefficient of skewness of flood series were both higher during the baseline period than those during the urbanization period; (3) the flood magnitude was higher during the urbanization period than that during the baseline period at the same return period. The relative changes in magnitude were larger for small floods than for big floods from the baseline period to the urbanization period; (4) the contributions of urbanization on floods appeared to amplify with the decreasing return period, while the effects of precipitation diminish. The procedure presented in this study could be useful to detect the changes of floods in the changing environment and conduct the attribution analysis of flood series. The findings of this study are beneficial to further understanding interactions between flood behavior and the drivers, thereby improving flood management in urbanized basins.},
  issn = {1998-9563}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ridolfielena_2020,
  title = {Hydrological risk: modeling flood memory and human proximity to rivers},
  author = {Ridolfi, Elena and Mondino, Elena and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Hydrology Research},
  volume = {1},
  number = {52},
  pages = {241--252},
  doi = {10.2166/nh.2020.195},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: IWA Publishing},
  keywords = {collective memory; flood risk; sociohydrology; system dynamics; hydrology; hydrologi},
  abstract = {Recent literature in sociohydrology has shown the important role of flood memory in shaping hydrological risk. In this paper, we present a system dynamics model of human–flood interactions that simulates how the river proximity of human settlements is altered by changes in flood memory. We also compare our model outcomes with an unprecedented dataset consisting of historical and archeological observations of human settlements in Czech Republic that have been affected by major flood events. This comparison allows us to evaluate the potentials and limitations of our sociohydrological model in capturing essential features of flood risk changes, including the process of resettling farther and closer to the river. Our results show that the accumulation (and decay) of collective memory has potential in explaining temporal changes of flood risk driven by the occurrence (or absence) of major events. As such, this study contributes to advancing knowledge about the complex dynamics of human–water systems, while providing useful insights in the field of flood risk reduction.},
  issn = {1998-9563}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_larssonrolf_2022,
  title = {Coordination of water policies for quality and quantity: experiences from Nordic and Baltic countries},
  author = {Larsson, Rolf and Belinskij, Antti and Kløve, Bjørn and Meilutyte-Lukauskiene, Diana and Lode, Elve and Skarbøvik, Eva and Akstinas, Vytautas},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Hydrology Research},
  volume = {9},
  number = {53},
  pages = {1166--1185},
  doi = {10.2166/nh.2022.028},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: IWA Publishing},
  abstract = {The European Union (EU) Water Framework Directive is of paramount importance for water management. According to the legal text, coordination with other directives like the Floods Directive is imperative and motivated by potential synergy effects. In this paper, the degree to which such coordination is achieved is evaluated for five Nordic and Baltic countries. The evaluation is based on legal documents, management plans, as well as on organizational structure in the five countries. The results show that the coordination between the Water Framework Directive and the Floods Directive (or flood management for Norway's case), have been successful for Estonia and Lithuania, whereas Norway, Finland, and especially Sweden need to improve more.},
  issn = {1998-9563}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hedelinbeatrice_2016,
  title = {The EU Floods Directive trickling down: Tracing the ideas of integrated and participatory flood risk management in Sweden},
  author = {Hedelin, Beatrice},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Water Policy},
  volume = {2},
  number = {19},
  pages = {286--303},
  doi = {10.2166/wp.2016.092},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {London : IWA Publishing},
  keywords = {risk- och miljöstudier; risk and environmental studies},
  abstract = {This study examines how the EU Floods Directive - an extensive and innovative legislative instrument for integrated and participatory flood risk planning in all EU member states - influences local flood risk management in one member state, Sweden. The study identifies that: many municipalities have received new knowledge; crosssectoral organisational structures for water and flood risk issues at the local level are being formed or strengthened; and the flood risk issue has been elevated up the political agenda. There are also however clear signs that a number of other fundamental issues are not being adequately addressed in the complex institutional setting that results from the directive's implementation. These issues are undoubtedly obstructing the development of a more integrated and participatory flood risk management system. Of key importance here are questions relating to how roles and mandates are communicated and adopted, the lack of coordination between the Floods Directive and the Water Framework Directive, and the inadequate involvement of the municipal level and other stakeholders. Practical recommendations on how to redirect development towards more positive outcomes in these areas are thus formulated.},
  issn = {1366-7017}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_adhikariutsav_2024,
  title = {Comparing the hydrological performance of blue green infrastructure design strategies in urban/semi-urban catchments for stormwater management},
  author = {Adhikari, Utsav and Broekhuizen, I. and Pons, V. and Sun, Zhengdong and Deak Sjöman, Johanna and Randrup, Thomas and Viklander, M. and Blecken, G.-T.},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Water Science and Technology},
  volume = {9},
  number = {90},
  pages = {2696--2712},
  doi = {10.2166/wst.2024.346},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: John Wiley & Sons},
  keywords = {blue green infrastructure; flooding; infiltration; stormwater management; urban hydrology; va-teknik; urban water engineering; centrumbildning - centrum för dagvattenhantering (drizzle); centre - centre for stormwater management (drizzle)},
  abstract = {Blue green infrastructure (BGI), in recent decades, have been increasingly recognized as robust stormwater control measures to reduce urbanflooding, promote infiltration, and restore a catchment’s flow to its pre-development stage. However, studies comparing the hydrologicalbenefits of BGI alternatives at catchment scale are often limited to single catchment or single/few BGI options scaled over a catchment.This study designed a set of BGI alternatives as a combination of different BGI facilities in terms of the following: (a) spatial distributionscale (end-of-pipe vs. decentralized) and (b) naturalness scale (less engineered vs. more engineered), in three different urban catchmentsrepresenting an inner city, a residential suburb, and a new urban housing. In addition, their hydrological performances were compared.A 10-year return period design rain and a continuous rain series of 11 years were modelled for each BGI alternative using the computermodel stormwater management model (SWMM). It was observed that in most catchments, decentralized alternatives (both engineeredand natural) showed better potential to reduce the magnitude and frequency of flooding than centralized measures. Similarly, the testeddecentralized natural, less engineered alternatives showed higher potential to increase infiltration than the decentralized engineered alternativesin all three catchments. Meanwhile, infiltration-based BGI alternatives showed similar potential to mimic pre-development flow as otherdecentralized BGI alternatives.},
  issn = {0273-1223}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_vanderwerfja_2025,
  title = {Flooded with potential: urban drainage science as seen by early-career researchers},
  author = {van der Werf, J. A. and Pons, Vincent and Smyth, Kelsey and Shi, B. and Lechevallier, P. and Abdalla, E. M. H. and Andrusenko, E. and Broekhuizen, Ico and Cavadini, G. B. and Cortés Moreno, A. F. and Cristiano, E. and D'Ambrosio, R. and Müller, Alexandra and Evangelisti, M and Fernandes, G. and Garzón, A. and Girot, E. and Guericke, L. and Liao, W. and Regueiro-Picallo, M. and Mittal, A and Müller, A and Naves, J. and Oberascher, M. and Okwori, Emmanuel and Perez-Alvarino, J. I. and Pritsis, S. and Regueiro-Picallo, M and Roghani, B. and Taguchi, V. J. and Wani, O. and Wei, Haoyu and Yıldızlı, T. and Yerima, H. Z.},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Water Science and Technology},
  volume = {7},
  number = {91},
  pages = {861--875},
  doi = {10.2166/wst.2025.045},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: IWA Publishing},
  keywords = {academic culture; data sharing; early-career researchers; interdisciplinary collaboration; sustainable development; urban drainage systems; 'current; critical challenges; early-career researcher; interdisciplinary collaborations; resource constraint; systems research; urban drainage; green development; academic performance; interdisciplinary approach; sustainability; water management; article; awareness; career; climate change; climate resilience; cooperation; coronavirus disease 2019; fair principles; flooding; funding; futurology; governmental organization; human; hydrology; infrastructure; interdisciplinary research; metropolitan area; netherlands; pandemic; peer review; phd student; publication; publishing; skill retention; socioeconomics; telecommuting; urban area; urban drainage system; urbanization; visibility; water quality; wellbeing; workshop; city; personnel; sanitation; cities; drainage; sanitary; floods; humans; research personnel; va-teknik; centrumbildning - centrum för dagvattenhantering (drizzle)},
  abstract = {This opinion paper reflects on the current challenges facing urban drainage systems (UDS) research, along with solutions for fostering sustainable development. Over the course of a year-long project involving 92 participants aged 24–38, including PhD candidates, post-doctoral researchers, and early-career academics, we identified critical challenges and opportunities for the sustainable development of UDS. Our exploration highlights four key challenges: limited public visibility leading to resource constraints, insufficient collaboration across subfields, issues with data scarcity and data sharing, and geographical specificities. We emphasise the importance of raising public and political awareness regarding UDS's vital role in climate adaptation and urban resilience, advocating for blue-green infrastructure and open data practices. Additionally, we address systemic academic barriers that hinder innovative research. We call for a shift away from metrics that prioritise quantity over quality. We recommend establishing stable career pathways that empower early-career researchers. This paper aims to catalyse a broader community dialogue about the future of UDS research, uniting voices from various career stages. By presenting actionable recommendations, we aim to inspire fundamental changes in research conduct, evaluation, and sustainability, ensuring the field of UDS is prepared to meet pressing urban water management challenges worldwide.},
  issn = {0273-1223}
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bairdtim_2024,
  title = {Flooding and high magnitude storm events in tourism},
  author = {Baird, Tim and Safonov, Alexander and Hall, C. Michael},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Tourism, Cyclones, Hurricanes and Flooding},
  pages = {20--37},
  doi = {10.21832/9781845419486-005},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Channel View Publications},
  keywords = {turismvetenskap; tourism studies}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_eriranka_2019,
  title = {Rainfall-runoff simulations in the Lukovska River Basin with the HEC-HMS model},
  author = {Erić, Ranka and Todorović, Andrijana and Plavšić, Jasna and Djukić, Vesna},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Glasnik Sumarskog fakulteta},
  volume = {119},
  pages = {33--60},
  doi = {10.2298/GSF1919033E},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {calibration; flood events; hydrologic models transferability; hec-hms; event-based modeling},
  abstract = {Hydrologic models are important for effective water resources management at a basin level. This paper describes an application of the HEC-HMS hydrologic model for simulations of flood hydrographs in the Lukovska River basin. Five flood events observed at the Merćez stream gauge were available for modelling purposes. These events are from two distinct periods and two seasons with different prevailing runoff generation mechanisms. Hence the events are assigned to either “present” or “past”, and “spring” or “summer” group. The optimal parameter sets of each group are obtained by averaging the optimal parameters for individual events within the group. To assess model transferability, its applicability for simulation of flood events which are not considered in the model calibration, a cross-validation is performed. The results indicate that model parameters vary across the events, and that parameter transfer generally leads to considerable errors in hydrograph peaks and volumes, with the exception of simulation of summer events with “spring” parameters. Based on these results, recommendations for event-based modeling are given.}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kaliskaedyta_2024,
  title = {Are quick equivalent doses realistic? Testing range-finder luminescence dating for water-lain and postglacial flooding sediments in NE Poland},
  author = {Kalińska, Edyta and Alexanderson, Helena and Weckwerth, Piotr and Piotrowski, Jan A. and Wysota, Wojciech},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Acta Geologica Polonica},
  volume = {1},
  number = {75},
  pages = {1},
  doi = {10.24425/agp.2024.151758},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Polska Akademia Nauk},
  abstract = {Raw sediment samples which are without prior lengthy laboratory preparation can be used to obtain a rough but rapid estimate of the luminescence equivalent dose, and thus of the relative age of the sediment. In this study, we tested this range-finder method on clastic sediments in NE Poland for the first time, with special focus on Pleistocene meltwater sediments generated by highly energetic glacial lake outburst floods, and the post-flooding sediments. Two datasets with known doses from standard measurements were compared to range-finder doses determined from quartz and feldspar in untreated sediments. We found statistically significant correlation between equivalent doses of (1) standard quartz optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and range-finder feldspar infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) at 50 ºC, and (2) standard quartz OSL and range-finder quartz OSL in low-dose samples (<80 Gy). However, these correlations should only be considered as approximate whereby preparing more than three range-finderaliquots has the potential of yielding more accurate results. Correlation between the range-finder quartz OSL and range-finder feldspar IRSL is also significant. The rangefinder measurements can be used for approximate dose determination to preliminary assess the sediment age or as a selection tool to avoid incompletely bleached samples. The sedimentary environment and especially sediment reworking and transportation seem to influence these correlations. We consider the sediments studied here to have undergone between one and four reworking stages, and samples with repeated reworking usually represent well-bleached material for luminescence dating.},
  issn = {0001-5709}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ruscamaria_2023,
  title = {Speculative Political Ecologies: (re)imagining urban futures of climate extremes},
  author = {Rusca, Maria and Mazzoleni, Maurizio and Barcena, Alejandro and Savelli, Elisa and Messori, Gabriele},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Journal of Political Ecology},
  number = {30},
  pages = {30},
  doi = {10.2458/jpe.4827},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: University of Arizona Press},
  keywords = {speculative political ecologies; climate change; disasters; transformative change; urban futures},
  abstract = {What role can a speculative political ecology play in (re)imaging urban futures of climate extremes? In recent years, narratives of dystopian futures of climate extremes have proliferated in geosciences, and across the media and creative arts. These anxiety-fueled narratives often generate a sense of resignation and unavoidability, which contributes to foreclosing the possibility of radically different political projects. In this article, we argue that these narratives conceal the coproduction of nature and society and treat nature as the problem, thereby locking futures into dystopic configurations. Political ecology scholarship can contribute to generate a politics of possibility by reconceptualizing the relations that constitute urban futures under climate extremes as socionatural. This, we argue, calls for a more experimental political ecology and new forms of theorizing. To this aim, we develop a speculative political ecological approach grounded on a numerical model that examines the potential of transformative change in the aftermath of extreme flood events in a capitalist city. Analytically, this opens a unique possibility of exploring urban futures beyond current trajectories, and how these alternative futures might transform vulnerability and inequality across urban spaces. From a policy perspective, we lay the foundations for a new generation of models that apprehend the role of power and agency in shaping uneven urban futures of climate extremes.},
  issn = {1073-0451}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_shakhverdievak_2019,
  title = {Alternative concept of monitoring and optimization water flooding of oil reservoirs in the conditions of instability of the displacement front},
  author = {Shakhverdiev, A. K. and Shestopalov, Yury and Mandrik, I. E. and Arefiev, S. V.},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Neftânoe hozâjstvo},
  volume = {12},
  number = {2019},
  pages = {118--123},
  doi = {10.24887/0028-2448-2019-12-118-123},
  language = {rus},
  publisher = {: Neftyanoe Khozyaistvo},
  keywords = {discriminant analysis; filtration of multiphase fluids; flooding system; growth models; regulation of well operation modes},
  abstract = {It has always been an urgent issue for the oil and gas industry to improve oil, gas, and condensate recovery at liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon fields developed with the use of artificial formation pressure maintenance techniques that involve injection of water or water combined with other displacement agents. Therefore, due to the aforesaid issues, permanent attention should still be paid to the practical problem of optimizing the non-stationary hydrodynamic pressure applied to a reservoir by regulating the operating conditions of the production and injection wells, development process optimization in general, and water flooding in particular. The theory of Buckley and Leverett, does not take into account the loss of stability of the displacement front, which provokes a stepwise change and the triple value of water saturation. Traditionally a mathematically simplified approach was proposed-a repeatedly differentiable approximation to eliminate the “jump” in water saturation. Such a simplified solution led to negative consequences well-known from the water flooding practice, recognized by experts as “viscous instability of the displacement front” and “fractal geometry of displacement front”. The core of the issue is an attempt to predict the beginning of the stability loss of the front of oil displacement by water and to prevent its negative consequences on the water flooding process under difficult conditions of interaction of hydro-thermodynamics, capillary, molecular, inertial, and gravitational forces. In this study, catastrophe theory methods applied for the analysis of nonlinear polynomial dynamical systems are used as a novel approach. Namely, a mathematical growth model is developed and an inverse problem is formulated so that the initial coefficients of the system of differential equations for a two-phase flow can be deter mined using this model. A unified control parameter has been selected, which enables one to propose and validate a discriminant criterion for oil and water growth models for monitoring and optimizing. },
  issn = {0028-2448}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mohamedmahmoodj_2023,
  title = {Modelling Flood Wave Propagation as a Result of Dam Piping Failure Using 2D-HEC-RAS},
  author = {Mohamed, Mahmood J. and Karim, Ibtisam R. and Fattah, Mohammed Y. and Al-Ansari, Nadhir},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Civil Engineering Journal (Iran)},
  volume = {10},
  number = {9},
  pages = {2503--2515},
  doi = {10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-10-010},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Salehan Institute of Higher Education},
  keywords = {2d hec-ras; flood wave; mosul dam; piping failure; soil mechanics},
  abstract = {In recent years, there has been a serious request for innovative, accurate approaches to be determined and controlled for dam failures. The present study aims to explore and evaluate the flood wave parameters that result from a dam break due to piping failure occurring in the body of the dam and routing the flood waves. Mosul Dam, which lies in the north of Iraq, and a reach of the Tigris River downstream the dam to Samarra Barrage at about 470 km are selected as a case study. A two-dimensional Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System (2D HEC-RAS) and the Geographic Information System (GIS) have been supposed to be suitable for development calculations of the flood wave parameters based on the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and land cover satellite images that enhance the calculations. The reservoir and two-dimensional flow area are delineated and incorporated with DEM. Manning`s coefficient for the whole area has been extracted according to the Land Cover satellite image, which showed that its value ranges between 0.025 to 0.037 with a correlation coefficient R2 equal to 0.845 and 0.801 for the calibration and validation processes, respectively. The results of the scenario display a substantial performance of the maps produced from the model that represented the depth, velocity, and water surface elevation. All the maximum values of dam break parameters lie near the dam body and slightly decrease downstream. It is pre-eminent that the 2D HEC-RAS model is appropriate for analyzing and simulating the occurrence of dam breaches by visualizing the distribution of flood wave depth and velocities in two dimensions. Hence, the clear improvement in producing maps, which monitor the spread of hydrodynamic waves, gives an indication of risk areas that are threatened by inundation and aids in the formulation of emergency plans.},
  issn = {2676-6957}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hussmatthias_2017,
  title = {Glacier-dammed lake outburst events of Gornersee, Switzerland},
  author = {Huss, Matthias and Bauder, Andreas and Werder, Mauro and Funk, Martin and Hock, Regine},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Journal of Glaciology},
  volume = {181},
  number = {53},
  pages = {189--200},
  doi = {10.3189/172756507782202784},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: International Glaciological Society},
  keywords = {glacier; lake outburst; hydrology; melt modelling; earth sciences},
  abstract = {Gornersee is an ice marginal lake, which drains almost every year subglacially within a few days. We present an analysis of the lake outburst events between 1950 and 2005, as well as results of detailed field investigations related to the lake drainage in 2004 and 2005. The latter included measurements of lake geometry, water pressure in nearby boreholes, and glacier surface motion. A distributed temperature-index melt model coupled to a linear-reservoir runoff model is used to calculate hourly discharge from the catchment of Gornergletscher in order to distinguish between the melt-precipitation component and the outburst component of the discharge hydrograph. In this way, drainage volume and timing are determined. There is a clear trend since 1950 for the outburst flood to occur earlier in the melt season, though lacking any relation to lake discharge volumes. Peak discharges from the lake lie significantly below the values obtained with the empirical relation proposed by Clague and Mathews (1973). The shapes of the 2004 and 2005 lake outflow hydrographs differ substantially, thereby suggesting different drainage mechanisms. From water balance onsiderations we infer a leakage of the glacier-dammed lake starting one week prior to the lake outburst in 2005. During the drainage events up to 50% of lake water is temporarily stored in the glacial system causing substantial uplifts of the glacier surface.},
  issn = {0022-1430}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_liuwb_2015,
  title = {Projecting streamflow in the Tangwang River basin (China) using a rainfall generator and two hydrological models},
  author = {Liu, W. B. and Zhang, A. J. and Wang, L. and Fu, G. B. and Chen, Deliang and Liu, C. M. and Cai, T. J.},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Climate Research},
  volume = {2},
  number = {62},
  pages = {79--97},
  doi = {10.3354/cr01261},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Inter-Research Science Center},
  keywords = {multisite stochastic rainfall generator; statistical downscaling; cmip5; soil and water assessment; climate-change impacts; statistical downscaling models; daily; precipitation; northeast china; variability; runoff; frequency; intensity; trends; plain; meteorology & atmospheric sciences},
  abstract = {To estimate the impacts of future climate change on streamflow in the Tangwang River basin (TRB) in northeastern China, 2 hydrological models, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool and the Hydro-Informatic Modeling System, were used. These models are driven by future (2021-2050) local rainfall and temperature scenarios downscaled from global climate model (GCM) simulations from the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project under 2 emission scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathway [RCP] 4.5 and RCP8.5). The downscaling of rainfall is done with the help of a multisite stochastic rainfall generator (MSRG), which extends the 'Richardson type' rainfall generator to a multisite approach using a modified series-independent and spatial-correlated random numbers method by linking its 4 parameters to large-scale circulations using least-squares regressions. An independent validation of the MSRG shows that it successfully preserves the major daily rainfall characteristics for wet and dry seasons. Relative to the reference period (1971-2000), the annual and wet season (April to October) streamflow during the future period (2021-2050) would decrease overall, which indicates that water resources and the potential flood risk would decline in the TRB. The slightly increased dry season (November to March) streamflow would, to some extent, contribute to the 'spring drought' over this region. Although rainfall is projected to remain un changed in the wet season and the whole year, the increased total evapotranspiration due to the increase in temperature would lead to a decline in total streamflow for this basin. The projected streamflow changes from multiple GCMs in this paper could provide a glimpse into a very plausible future for the water resource management community, and would hence provide valuable references for the sustainable management of water and forest ecosystems under a changing climate.},
  issn = {0936-577X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_shakhverdievakh_2023,
  title = {Optimization of reservoir waterflooding with unstable displacement front},
  author = {Shakhverdiev, A.Kh. and Shestopalov, Yury and Mandrik, I.E. and Arefyev, S.V.},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {ANAS Transactions, Earth Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {64--78},
  doi = {10.33677/ggianas20230200103},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences},
  keywords = {catastrophe theory; fingering; instability of displacement front; optimization; phase plane; waterflooding},
  abstract = {Non-stationary flooding of oil-saturated reservoirs has a long-standing and durable place as the main secondary method of oil production and maintenance of reservoir pressure in the development of most oil reservoirs. The water injection into the reservoir creates a delayed problem - the inevitable, often catastrophic flooding of oil production wells, provoked by a sudden and irreversible change in water saturation. The theory of two-phase flow filtration created by Buckley and Leverett does not take into account the loss of stability of the displacement front, which provokes an abrupt change and a triplicity of the water saturation value. Therefore, a mathematically simplified approach was proposed at one time, a repeatedly differentiable approximation to exclude a “jump” in water saturation. Such a simplified solution led to well-known negative consequences of the waterflooding practice, which experts call the “viscous instability of the displacement front”, the “fingering displacement front”. This work has presented a novel approach to formulation decisive rules for the first time allowing timely detection and prevention of the consequences of loss of stability of the displacement front and targeted control of the flooding system by stopping, forcing, limiting operating modes, assigning workover solutions of producing and injection wells. It is possible to quickly solve important short-term practical tasks passing traditional labor- intensive incorrect deterministic tasks and complex methods of solution mobilizing the injected water and controlling the fluid production rate, more precisely water and oil on the basis of the discriminant criterion.},
  issn = {2218-8754}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_sadowskievamaria_2020,
  title = {Staminate inflorescences with in situ pollen from Eocene Baltic amber reveal high diversity in Fagaceae (oak family)},
  author = {Sadowski, Eva-Maria and Schmidt, Alexander R. and Denk, Thomas},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Willdenowia},
  number = {50},
  pages = {405--517},
  doi = {10.3372/wi.50.50303},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universitaet Berlin},
  keywords = {baltic amber forest; castaneoideae; eotrigonobalanus; fagaceae; formanodendron doichangensis; quercus sect. lobatae; quercus sect. protobalanus; palaeobotany; palaeoecology; palynology; trigonobalanus verticillata; ecosystems and species history; ekosystem och arthistoria; the changing earth; den föränderliga jorden},
  abstract = {Eocene Baltic amber forms the largest amber deposit worldwide; however, its source vegetation and climateare much debated. Representatives of the oak family (Fagaceae) were abundant in the Baltic amber source areabased on numerous inclusions of staminate inflorescences or individual florets, previously assigned to Castanea andQuercus. However, the actual generic and infrageneric diversity of Fagaceae from Baltic amber remained unknown.Using flower characteristics and section-diagnostic in situ pollen of staminate inflorescences and detached floret inclusions,we describe 18 fossil-species of Fagaceae making this family by far the most diverse plant family preservedin Baltic amber. We substantiate the occurrence of the Castaneoideae, Quercoideae (Quercus sect. Cyclobalanopsis/ Lobatae; Q. sect. Lobatae; Q. sect. Protobalanus), Trigonobalanoideae and the extinct genus Eotrigonobalanus.Among the 18 fossil-species, six are described as new: Q. aimeeana, Q. casparyi, Q. multipilosa, E. campanulata,E. conwentzii, E. longianthera; and one new combination is published: Q. brachyandra (≡ Castanea brachyandra).In addition, a lectotype is designated for the name Quercites meyerianus and neotypes are designated for the namesCastanea inclusa and Quercus longistaminea (≡ C. longistaminea). Members of the Fagaceae probably inhabitedazonal and zonal vegetation types of the amber source area, including bottomland flood-plains and stream banks(Q. sect. Lobatae), dry habitats (Q. sect. Lobatae, Q. sect. Protobalanus), peaty soils, riparian and swamp forests(Castanopsis, Eotrigonobalanus), as well as mixed mesophytic forests (castaneoids, Quercoideae, trigonobalanoids).Affinities to extant North American and E to SE Asian floras support the recent notion that late Eocene Baltic amber(38 – 34 Ma) was formed in a warm-temperate climate.},
  issn = {0511-9618}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_githumbiesthern_2018,
  title = {Pollen, People and Place: Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Ecosystem Change at Amboseli, Kenya},
  author = {Githumbi, Esther N. and Kariuki, Rebecca and Shoemaker, Anna and Courtney Mustaphi, Colin and Chuhila, Maxmillian and Richer, Suzi and Lane, Paul and Marchant, Rob},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Frontiers in Earth Science},
  number = {5},
  pages = {1--26},
  doi = {10.3389/feart.2017.00113},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Frontiers Media S.A.},
  keywords = {africa; groundwater; land cover; land use; paleovegetation; protected areas; vegetation; wetlands},
  abstract = {This study presents a multidisciplinary perspective for understanding environmental change and emerging socio-ecological interactions across the Amboseli region of southwestern Kenya. We focus on late Holocene (<5,000 cal yr. BP) changes and continuities reconstructed from sedimentary, archeological, historical records and socio-ecological models. We utilize multi-disciplinary approaches to understand environmental-ecosystem-social interactions over the longue durée and use this to simulate different land use scenarios supporting conservation and sustainable livelihoods using a socio-ecological model. Today the semi-arid Amboseli landscape supports a large livestock and wildlife population, sustained by a wide variety of plants and extensive rangelands regulated by seasonal rainfall and human activity. Our data provide insight into how large-scale and long-term interactions of climate, people, livestock, wildlife and external connections have shaped the ecosystems across the Amboseli landscape. Environmental conditions were dry between ~5,000 and 2,000 cal yr. BP, followed by two wet periods at ~2,100–1,500 and 1,400–800 cal yr. BP with short dry periods; the most recent centuries were characterized by variable climate with alternative dry and wet phases with high spatial heterogeneity. Most evident in paleo and historical records is the changing woody to grass cover ratio, driven by changes in climate and fire regimes entwined with fluctuating elephant, cattle and wild ungulate populations moderated by human activity, including elephant ivory trade intensification. Archeological perspectives on the occupation of different groups (hunter-gatherers, pastoralists, and farmers) in Amboseli region and the relationships between them are discussed. An overview of the known history of humans and elephants, expanding networks of trade, and the arrival and integration of metallurgy, livestock and domesticated crops in the wider region is provided. In recent decades, increased runoff and flooding have resulted in the expansion of wetlands and a reduction of woody vegetation, compounding problems created by increased enclosure and privatization of these landscapes. However, most of the wetlands outside of the protected area are drying up because of the intensified water extraction by the communities surrounding the National Park and on the adjacent mountains areas, who have increased in numbers, become sedentary and diversified land use around the wetlands.},
  issn = {2296-6463}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mokkenstormlone_2021,
  title = {River Flood Detection Using Passive Microwave Remote Sensing in a Data-Scarce Environment: A Case Study for Two River Basins in Malawi},
  author = {Mokkenstorm, Lone and van den Homberg, Marc J.C. and Winsemius, Hessel and Persson, Andreas},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Frontiers in Earth Science},
  number = {9},
  pages = {1--19},
  doi = {10.3389/feart.2021.670997},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Frontiers Media S. A.},
  abstract = {Detecting and forecasting riverine floods is of paramount importance for adequate disaster risk management and humanitarian response. However, this is challenging in data-scarce and ungauged river basins in developing countries. Satellite remote sensing data offers a cost-effective, low-maintenance alternative to the limited in-situ data when training, parametrizing and operating flood models. Utilizing the signal difference between a measurement (M) and a dry calibration (C) location in Passive Microwave Remote Sensing (PMRS), the resulting rcm index simulates river discharge in the measurement pixel. Whilst this has been demonstrated for several river basins, it is as of yet unknown at what ratio of the spatial scales of the river width vs. the PMRS pixel resolution it remains effective in East-Africa. This study investigates whether PMRS imagery at 37 GHz can be effectively used for flood preparedness in two small-scale basins in Malawi, the Shire and North Rukuru river basins. Two indices were studied: The m index (rcm expressed as a magnitude relative to the average flow) and a new index that uses an additional wet calibration cell: rcmc. Furthermore, the results of both indices were benchmarked against discharge estimates from the Global Flood Awareness System (GloFAS). The results show that the indices have a similar seasonality as the observed discharge. For the Shire River, rcmc had a stronger correlation with discharge (ρ = 0.548) than m (ρ = 0.476), and the former predicts discharge more accurately (R2 = 0.369) than the latter (R2 = 0.245). In Karonga, the indices performed similarly. The indices do not perform well in detecting individual flood events when comparing the signal to a flood impact database. However, these results are sensitive to the threshold used and the impact database quality. The method presented simulated Shire River discharge and detected floods more accurately than GloFAS. It therefore shows potential for river monitoring in data-scarce areas, especially for rivers of a similar or larger spatial scale than the Shire River. Upstream pixels could not directly be used to forecast floods occurring downstream in these specific basins, as the time lag between discharge peaks did not provide sufficient warning time.},
  issn = {2296-6463}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_scainianna_2021,
  title = {Flood Risk and River Conservation: Mapping Citizen Perception to Support Sustainable River Management},
  author = {Scaini, Anna and Stritih, Ana and Brouillet, Constance and Scaini, Chiara},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Frontiers in Earth Science},
  number = {9},
  pages = {9},
  doi = {10.3389/feart.2021.675131},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Frontiers Media SA},
  keywords = {participation; flood risk management; participatory mapping; questionnaire; river conservation; local knowledge; risk perception; tagliamento river},
  abstract = {Involving citizens in river and flood risk management is critical for risk reduction and sustainable development within river basins, but local community input is often limited. This is partly due to the difficulty of quantifying the perceived values and risks related to the rivers, because these are based on personal knowledge and opinions. There is a need for more data on locals' opinions and how they are spatially distributed across the river basin. Studies analyzing how perceived risks match evidence-based data can be a first step to including local knowledge in the decision-making process and pose the basis to enhance preparedness. Here, we present a blueprint questionnaire to characterize the perception of flood risk and its spatial distribution across the river basin. Respondents are asked their perception of the role of the river in terms of flood risk and management, as well as to pinpoint on a map the areas they identify as the most dangerous during floods. The approach is tested on the Tagliamento River in the Italian Alps, characterized by debates regarding flood protection, flood management and ecological conservation. The flood risk perception map shows good agreement between perceived risk and existing flood risk assessment maps in the lower basin, where major floods happened in recent memory (1966). In the upper basin, despite having suffered frequent floods, participants are more uncertain about the risks. There is interest in being involved in the risk management debate, and most respondents believe that risk reduction and river conservation are compatible. Land use planning is identified as a factor that can increase flood risk. The results point to the necessity to tackle together conservation, risk management and land use planning in order to develop risk-oriented river management strategies. Our study demonstrates how online participatory mapping can be used to improve the understanding of citizens' perceptions and expectations with regards to their river, and support participation in sustainable river management.},
  issn = {2296-6463}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_olssonjonas_2021,
  title = {An Analysis of (Sub-)Hourly Rainfall in Convection-Permitting Climate Simulations Over Southern Sweden From a User’s Perspective},
  author = {Olsson, Jonas and Du, Yiheng and An, Dong and Uvo, Cintia B. and Sörensen, Johanna and Toivonen, Erika and Belušić, Danijel and Dobler, Andreas},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Frontiers in Earth Science},
  number = {9},
  pages = {9},
  doi = {10.3389/feart.2021.681312},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Frontiers Media S. A.},
  abstract = {To date, the assessment of hydrological climate change impacts, not least on pluvial flooding, has been severely limited by i) the insufficient spatial resolution of regional climate models (RCMs) as well as ii) the simplified description of key processes, e.g., convective rainfall generation. Therefore, expectations have been high on the recent generation of high-resolution convection-permitting regional climate models (CPRCMs), to reproduce the small-scale features of observed (extreme) rainfall that are driving small-scale hydrological hazards. Are they living up to these expectations? In this study, we zoom in on southern Sweden and investigate to which extent two climate models, a 3-km resolution CPRCM (HCLIM3) and a 12-km non-convection permitting RCM (HCLIM12), are able to reproduce the rainfall climate with focus on short-duration extremes. We use three types of evaluation–intensity-based, time-based and event-based–which have been designed to provide an added value to users of high-intensity rainfallinformation, as compared with the ways climate models are generally evaluated. In particular, in the event-based evaluation we explore the prospect of bringing climate model evaluation closer to the user by investigating whether the models are able to reproduce a well-known historical high-intensity rainfall event in the city of Malmö 2014. The results very clearly point at a substantially reduced bias in HCLIM3 as compared with HCLIM12, especially for short-duration extremes, as well as an overall better reproduction of the diurnal cycles. Furthermore, the HCLIM3 model proved able to generate events similar to the one in Malmö 2014. The results imply that CPRCMs offer a clear potential for increased confidence in future projections of small-scale hydrological climate change impacts, which is crucial for climate-proofing, e.g., our cities, as well as climate modeling in general.},
  issn = {2296-6463}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_gayanthakasun_2021,
  title = {Mid-Late Holocene Sub-Millennial Scale Inverse Trends of South Asian Summer and Winter Monsoons in Sri Lanka},
  author = {Gayantha, Kasun and Roberts, Patrick and Routh, Joyanto and Wedage, Oshan and Ott, Florian and Frenzel, Peter and Chandrajith, Rohana and Gleixner, Gerd},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Frontiers in Earth Science},
  number = {9},
  pages = {9},
  doi = {10.3389/feart.2021.789291},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Frontiers Media SA},
  keywords = {paleoclimate; indian ocean monsoon; itcz; south asia; biomarker; compound specific isotopes analysis; xrf; microfauna},
  abstract = {The South Asian Monsoon (SAM) brings precipitation crucial for agriculture across the densely populated region of South Asia. Identifying the key long-term drivers of the SAM is essential to improve the predictability of future monsoonal trends in the context of current global climate scenarios and increasingly frequent drought and flooding events in this part of the world. Here, we reconstruct similar to 6000 years of climatic and environmental history of the South Asian summer monsoon-fed Bolgoda South Lake and the Horton Plains, and the winter monsoon-fed Panama lagoon, in Sri Lanka to better understand monsoonal operation over this island and its connection to broader climate systems. Multiple proxies (diagnostic biomarkers, hydrogen and carbon isotopes of individual n-alkane, grain size, and Zr/Rb elemental ratio) indicate a sub-millennial scale decreasing trend of summer monsoon rainfall in the wet zone of Sri Lanka alongside an increasing trend of winter monsoon rainfall in the dry zone during the last similar to 6000 years. We also observed multi-centennial scale arid events in the Bolgoda South Lake and Horton Plains records at similar to 3,500 and similar to 1,000 cal years BP. Inverse monsoonal behavior during the mid- and late Holocene seems to be led by the southward migration of the mean latitudinal position of ITCZ, induced by varying solar energy distribution between the Northern and Southern hemispheres due to Earths processional cycle. Our observations are broadly supported by existing paleoclimatic records from the Indian sub-continent, but abrupt arid phases are asynchronous in the regional records. In addition, these short-term arid conditions do not show systematic correlations with the different modes of climate variables known to have teleconnections with the Indian Ocean monsoon.},
  issn = {2296-6463}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kukuliesjulia_2023_2,
  title = {Mesoscale convective systems in the third pole region: Characteristics, mechanisms and impact on precipitation},
  author = {Kukulies, Julia and Lai, Hui-Wen and Curio, Julia and Feng, Zhe and Lin, Changgui and Li, Puxi and Ou, Tinghai and Sugimoto, Shiori and Chen, Deliang},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Frontiers in Earth Science},
  number = {11},
  pages = {11},
  doi = {10.3389/feart.2023.1143380},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Frontiers Media SA},
  keywords = {tibetan plateau; mesoscale convective system; precipitation; tracking; satellite observations; convection-permitting climate simulations; asian monsoons},
  abstract = {The climate system of the Third Pole region, including the (TP) and its surroundings, is highly sensitive to global warming. Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are understood to be a vital component of this climate system. Driven by the monsoon circulation, surface heating, and large-scale and local moisture supply, they frequently occur during summer and mostly over the central and eastern TP as well as in the downstream regions. Further, MCSs have been highlighted as important contributors to total precipitation as they are efficient rain producers affecting water availability (seasonal precipitation) and potential flood risk (extreme precipitation) in the densely populated downstream regions. The availability of multi-decadal satellite observations and high-resolution climate model datasets has made it possible to study the role of MCSs in the under-observed TP water balance. However, the usage of different methods for MCS identification and the different focuses on specific subregions currently hamper a systematic and consistent assessment of the role played by MCSs and their impact on precipitation over the TP headwaters and its downstream regions. Here, we review observational and model studies of MCSs in the TP region within a common framework to elucidate their main characteristics, underlying mechanisms, and impact on seasonal and extreme precipitation. We also identify major knowledge gaps and provide suggestions on how these can be addressed using recently published high-resolution model datasets. Three important identified knowledge gaps are 1) the feedback of MCSs to other components of the TP climate system, 2) the impact of the changing climate on future MCS characteristics, and 3) the basin-scale assessment of flood and drought risks associated with changes in MCS frequency and intensity. A particularly promising tool to address these knowledge gaps are convection-permitting climate simulations. Therefore, the systematic evaluation of existing historical convection-permitting climate simulations over the TP is an urgent requirement for reliable future climate change assessments.},
  issn = {2296-6463}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_liujianwei_2025,
  title = {Climate change impacts on hydrological regimes under spatially variable human-activity conditions},
  author = {Liu, Jianwei and Pang, Xiaoteng and Jing, Haihua and Wang, Mingwei and Shen, Longhai and Yan, Xiaohui and Zhang, Qin and Destouni, Georgia},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Frontiers in Earth Science},
  number = {13},
  pages = {13},
  doi = {10.3389/feart.2025.1656661},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Frontiers Media SA},
  keywords = {climate change impacts on hydrology; cmip6 projections; human-activity gradient; hydrological modeling; hydrological regime alteration; spatial heterogeneity},
  abstract = {The climate change impacts on hydrological conditions may be strongly modulated by the spatial variability of the intensity of human activities within watersheds. Despite growing recognition of climate and anthropogenic influences on hydrological regimes, comprehensive and spatially explicit assessments remain limited, hindering the development of robust watershed management and climate adaptation strategies. In this study, we propose an integrated framework for such analysis and deciphering by combining principal component analysis, hydrological modeling, and a range of variability approach to diagnose and attribute hydrological regime changes. The framework is tested on the case of the Taoer River Basin as a representative watershed system with pronounced human-activity variation along the upstream to downstream direction. Our results show that human activities contribute only 18% to hydrological regime changes in the upstream regions, where anthropogenic influence is relatively low, compared to 49% in the downstream areas with substantially greater human interference. While the upstream areas exhibit more pronounced changes in daily maximum streamflow (78%–79%) and count of low pulses (79%), the downstream areas experience more substantial alterations in monthly average streamflow (84%–99%) and high pulse durations (85%). Overarching the human-activity variability, the climate change impacts increase the risk of flooding, while the human activities exert greater influence in amplifying drought risk. Simulations based on CMIP6 climate projections further indicate a significant increase in the likelihood of upstream flooding. Overall, our findings highlight the necessity of spatially differentiated management and adaptation strategies, tailored to steep human-activity gradients across watershed zones, to effectively address hydrological changes under climate stress.},
  issn = {2296-6463}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_frognerkockump_2020,
  title = {Impact of Climate Change on Metal and Suspended Sediment Concentrations in Urban Waters},
  author = {Frogner-Kockum, P. and Goransson, G. and Haeger-Eugensson, Marie},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Frontiers in Environmental Science},
  number = {8},
  pages = {8},
  doi = {10.3389/fenvs.2020.588335},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Frontiers Media SA},
  keywords = {climate; precipitation; runoff; rivers; metals; surface-water; potential impacts; river-basin; land-use; quality; management; contamination; urbanization; occurrences; environmental sciences & ecology},
  abstract = {In order to study the impact of climate change on metal contaminant transport in urban waters and its relevance for water quality, we have analyzed variations in metal- and suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) in three urban rivers and one small creek in the Gothenburg region during various hydrological events such as spring flood, dry period, and wet period. To interpret river loads of metals and SSC we have furthermore followed meteorological trends since 1961 and additionally calculated future trends for the Gothenburg region, located on the west coast of Sweden. During periods of a short-term increase in precipitation we found an increased particle bound metal transport in urban watercourses of the Gota alv River. In addition, a correlation between studied parameters indicates that surface runoff from brownfields most likely is the main source to the increased transport of pollutants in river systems rather than re-suspension of polluted river sediment.},
  issn = {2296-665X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dushixiong_2022,
  title = {Projection of Precipitation Extremes and Flood Risk in the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor},
  author = {Du, Shixiong and Wu, Ruiying and Sun, Huaiwei and Yan, Dong and Xue, Jie and Liao, Weihong and Tuo, Ye and Zhang, Wenxin},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Frontiers in Environmental Science},
  number = {10},
  pages = {10},
  doi = {10.3389/fenvs.2022.887323},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Frontiers Media S. A.},
  abstract = {It is reported that the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor has been affected by extreme precipitation events. Since the 20th century, extreme weather events have occurred frequently, and the damage and loss caused by them have increased. In particular, the flood disaster caused by excessive extreme precipitation seriously hindered the development of the human society. Based on CRiteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation and square root of generalized cross-validation, this study used intensity–area–duration to analyze the trend of future extreme precipitation events, corrected the equidistance cumulative distribution function method deviation of different future scenario models (CESM2, CNRM-CM6-1, IPSL-CM6A-LR, and MIROC6) and evaluated the simulation ability of the revised model. The results showed that: 1) the deviation correction results of CNRM-CM6-1 in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase (CMIP) 6 could better simulate the precipitation data in the study area, and its single result could achieve the fitting effect of the CMIP5 multimodel ensemble average; 2) under CNRM-CM6-1, the frequency of extreme precipitation events under the three climate scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5) presents interdecadal fluctuations of 3.215 times/10A, 1.215 times/10A, and 5.063 times/10A, respectively. The average impact area of extreme precipitation events would decrease in the next 30 years, while the total impact area and the extreme precipitation events in a small range would increase. Under the future scenario, the increase rate of extreme precipitation was highest in August, which increased the probability of extreme events; 3) in the next 30 years, the flood risk had an obvious expansion trend, which was mainly reflected in the expansion of the area of high-, medium-, and low-risk areas. The risk zoning results obtained by the two different flood risk assessment methods were different, but the overall risk trend was the same. This study provided more advanced research for regional flood risk, reasonable prediction for flood risk under future climate models, and useful information for flood disaster prediction in the study area and contributes to the formulation of local disaster prevention and reduction policies.},
  issn = {2296-665X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_destounigeorgia_2025,
  title = {Hydro-climatic variations, changes, and extremes in the Baltic Sea Drainage Basin},
  author = {Destouni, Georgia and Zarei, Mohanna},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Frontiers in Environmental Science},
  number = {13},
  pages = {13},
  doi = {10.3389/fenvs.2025.1601433},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Frontiers Media SA},
  keywords = {baltic sea; drought and flood extremes; freshwater discharges; hydro-climatic and reanalysis data; precipitation and discharge extremes; water balance},
  abstract = {It is largely unknown, yet essential for the Baltic Sea state, the nutrient and pollutant loads from land, and the coastal-marine ecosystem health how freshwater discharges to the sea and their drought and flood extremes vary and change over the Baltic Sea Drainage Basin (BSDB). Based on four different (types of) datasets, we here compare these variations and changes over 1980-2010 across 69 large hydrological catchments in the BSDB. The datasets agree that the precipitation changes over the study period do not necessarily propagate to analogous changes for runoff and related discharges to the sea, with results showing various contrasting precipitation and runoff changes. The datasets differ markedly in that some model-based reanalysis datasets yield directly opposite water balance closures, implying persistent 30-year average regional storage wetting or drying depending on the dataset. For droughts and floods, dataset differences are overall greater for runoff than for precipitation, and widely used reanalysis data do not fully capture how extremely high and low flood- and drought-related runoff fluxes can be, as observed in the BSDB. These findings are important for plans and preparations to mitigate and/or adapt to changes and extremes in the Baltic freshwater conditions and discharges to the sea.},
  issn = {2296-665X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_frawleyimogen_2025,
  title = {The influence of irrigated agriculture, urbanisation and water scarcity on human-water system dynamics},
  author = {Frawley, Imogen and Mazzoleni, Maurizio and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Colloff, Matthew J.},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Frontiers in Water},
  number = {7},
  pages = {7},
  doi = {10.3389/frwa.2025.1612580},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Frontiers Media S.A.},
  keywords = {sociohydrology; systems model; water management; phenomena; case study},
  abstract = {Large dams have become a dominant water management strategy over the last century, but they are typically managed with limited understanding of how human responses to their construction and operation influence the achievement of water management objectives. In recent years, several behavioural response patterns to large dams in human-water systems have been identified, and quantitative models developed to capture these emergent phenomena. However, there is a gap between the understanding of these phenomena in a generalised sense and communicating their relevance to water managers in local contexts. In this study we applied a generalised human-water systems model of reservoir operations during droughts and floods to two case studies in Australia; one in the water-scarce, largely agricultural Lachlan River catchment, and the other in the coastal, highly-urbanised Hawkesbury-Nepean catchment. Modelling results coupled with a qualitative review of historical socioeconomic, hydroclimatic, and water management characteristics of each case study were compared to identify potential emergent phenomena and the characteristics contributing to their development. We found reservoir effects (where increases in water storage capacity increase vulnerability to water scarcity) and lock-in behaviours are inherent risks for large reservoirs. The levee effect, whereby infrastructure reducing the probability of flooding paradoxically increases vulnerability to floods, is a risk, particularly where urbanisation is high. Sequence effects, where measures to deal with one hydrological extreme exacerbate the effects of the other extreme, are likely when operational rules constrain the adaptation of operations to hydroclimatic conditions, or when water management interactions during drought and flood are poorly understood. Where there is economic incentive to increase water usage, supply-demand cycles and rebound effects are a risk. Sensitive downstream ecosystems and high competition for limited resources make shifts in values that redirect water management priorities (pendulum swings) more likely. Identifying these emergent phenomena and their driving characteristics can help water managers identify and focus on context-specific risks to enable a proactive management approach to current and future challenges.},
  issn = {2624-9375}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ryuhyeonju_2020,
  title = {Assessing Nature’s Contributions to People},
  author = {Ryu, Hyeonju and Coscieme, Luca and Droste, Nils and Gosh, Sonali and Nilsson, Lovisa and Rana, Sakshi and Shrestha, Uttam Babu},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Frontiers for Young Minds},
  number = {8},
  pages = {8--8},
  doi = {10.3389/frym.2020.00098},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Frontiers Media S. A.},
  abstract = {Do the misty mountains, fast-flowing rivers, and sandy beaches leave you in awe and fill you with insatiable wonder? Does nature bring you a jubilant feeling? Nature contributes to our quality of life in multiple ways. Some of these gifts are easily visible, like the clothes you wear, the food you eat, and the water your drink. However, some contributions, such as flood protection and pollination of food crops are hardly ever seen. Scientists warn that we are now losing many of these gifts from nature, and this is why in this article we want to talk about it. In fact, one of the things we need to conserve nature is to understand why and how it is important for our lives. In this article, we introduce you to nature’s contributions to people and why it is important to assess them.},
  issn = {2296-6846}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_pudarranko_2020,
  title = {Evaluation of Green and Grey Flood Mitigation Measures in Rural Watersheds},
  author = {Pudar, Ranko and Plavšić, Jasna and Todorović, Andrijana},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Applied Sciences},
  volume = {19},
  number = {10},
  pages = {1--25},
  doi = {10.3390/app10196913},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  keywords = {flood risk; flood damage; flood mitigation measures; green infrastructure; financial appraisals of damages; depth-damage functions; rural watersheds},
  abstract = {Floods cause considerable damages worldwide and mitigation of their adverse effects through effective protection measures is needed. Along with the commonly applied “grey” infrastructure, “green” measures that can offer additional benefits, such as ecosystem services, are increasingly being considered lately. While the recent research tendencies are focused on the effectiveness and the value of green measures in urban areas, this paper presents a comprehensive financial evaluation of green and grey flood mitigation scenarios for a smaller rural watershed. A micro-scale damage model that builds on the hydrodynamic modeling of hazard, detailed asset identification, and damage assessment is presented and applied for evaluation of benefits from various flood mitigation measures in the Tamnava watershed in Serbia. Four scenarios are considered: (1) existing flood protection system; (2) green scenario involving new detention basins; (3) grey infrastructure enhancement by rising of the existing levees and diverting flood discharges; and (4) green-grey scenario that combines scenarios (2) and (3). The benefits (loss reduction) are the greatest with the green scenario and marginally higher with the combined green-grey scenario. The results suggest that for small rural watersheds, a holistic, integrative approach that includes both types of infrastructure can provide the most effective flood risk mitigation.},
  issn = {2076-3417}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dancesarahl_2019,
  title = {Improvements in Forecasting Intense Rainfall: Results from the FRANC (Forecasting Rainfall Exploiting New Data Assimilation Techniques and Novel Observations of Convection) Project},
  author = {Dance, Sarah L. and Ballard, Susan P. and Bannister, Ross N. and Clark, Peter and Cloke, Hannah L. and Darlington, Timothy and Flack, David L. A. and Gray, Suzanne L. and Hawkness-Smith, Lee and Husnoo, Nawal and Illingworth, Anthony J. and Kelly, Graeme A. and Lean, Humphrey W. and Li, Dingmin and Nichols, Nancy K. and Nicol, John C. and Oxley, Andrew and Plant, Robert S. and Roberts, Nigel M. and Roulstone, Ian and Simonin, David and Thompson, Robert J. and Waller, Joanne A.},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Atmosphere},
  volume = {3},
  number = {10},
  pages = {3},
  doi = {10.3390/atmos10030125},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI},
  keywords = {flooding; convection; intense rainfall; radar reflectivity; radar refractivity; doppler radar winds; data assimilation; observation uncertainty; initial condition uncertainty; predictability},
  abstract = {The FRANC project (Forecasting Rainfall exploiting new data Assimilation techniques and Novel observations of Convection) has researched improvements in numerical weather prediction of convective rainfall via the reduction of initial condition uncertainty. This article provides an overview of the project's achievements. We highlight new radar techniques: correcting for attenuation of the radar return; correction for beams that are over 90% blocked by trees or towers close to the radar; and direct assimilation of radar reflectivity and refractivity. We discuss the treatment of uncertainty in data assimilation: new methods for estimation of observation uncertainties with novel applications to Doppler radar winds, Atmospheric Motion Vectors, and satellite radiances; a new algorithm for implementation of spatially-correlated observation error statistics in operational data assimilation; and innovative treatment of moist processes in the background error covariance model. We present results indicating a link between the spatial predictability of convection and convective regimes, with potential to allow improved forecast interpretation. The research was carried out as a partnership between University researchers and the Met Office (UK). We discuss the benefits of this approach and the impact of our research, which has helped to improve operational forecasts for convective rainfall events.},
  issn = {2073-4433}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_laversdavida_2020,
  title = {A Vision for Hydrological Prediction},
  author = {Lavers, David A. and Ramos, Maria-Helena and Magnusson, Linus and Pechlivanidis, Ilias and Klein, Bastian and Prudhomme, Christel and Arnal, Louise and Crochemore, Louise and Van Den Hurk, Bart and Weerts, Albrecht H. and Harrigan, Shaun and Cloke, Hannah L. and Richardson, David S. and Pappenberger, Florian},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Atmosphere},
  volume = {3},
  number = {11},
  pages = {3},
  doi = {10.3390/atmos11030237},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  keywords = {imprex; extreme hydrometeorological events; hydrological modelling; numerical weather prediction; global earth observations; users},
  abstract = {IMproving PRedictions and management of hydrological EXtremes (IMPREX) was a European Union Horizon 2020 project that ran from September 2015 to September 2019. IMPREX aimed to improve society's ability to anticipate and respond to future extreme hydrological events in Europe across a variety of uses in the water-related sectors (flood forecasting, drought risk assessment, agriculture, navigation, hydropower and water supply utilities). Through the engagement with stakeholders and continuous feedback between model outputs and water applications, progress was achieved in better understanding the way hydrological predictions can be useful to (and operationally incorporated into) problem-solving in the water sector. The work and discussions carried out during the project nurtured further reflections toward a common vision for hydrological prediction. In this article, we summarized the main findings of the IMPREX project within a broader overview of hydrological prediction, providing a vision for improving such predictions. In so doing, we first presented a synopsis of hydrological and weather forecasting, with a focus on medium-range to seasonal scales of prediction for increased preparedness. Second, the lessons learned from IMPREX were discussed. The key findings were the gaps highlighted in the global observing system of the hydrological cycle, the degree of accuracy of hydrological models and the techniques of post-processing to correct biases, the origin of seasonal hydrological skill in Europe and user requirements of hydrometeorological forecasts to ensure their appropriate use in decision-making models and practices. Last, a vision for how to improve these forecast systems/products in the future was expounded, including advancing numerical weather and hydrological models, improved earth monitoring and more frequent interaction between forecasters and users to tailor the forecasts to applications. We conclude that if these improvements can be implemented in the coming years, earth system and hydrological modelling will become more skillful, thus leading to socioeconomic benefits for the citizens of Europe and beyond.},
  issn = {2073-4433}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_liaoyaoming_2021,
  title = {Downscaling of future precipitation in china’s beijing-tianjin-hebei region using a weather generator},
  author = {Liao, Yaoming and Chen, Deliang and Han, Zhenyu and Huang, Dapeng},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Atmosphere},
  volume = {1},
  number = {13},
  pages = {1},
  doi = {10.3390/atmos13010022},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  keywords = {beijing-tianjin-hebei region; daily precipitation; extreme events; statistical downscaling; weather generator},
  abstract = {To project local precipitation at the existing meteorological stations in China’s Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in the future, local daily precipitation was simulated for three periods (2006–2030, 2031–2050, and 2051–2070) under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 emission scenarios. These projections were statistically downscaled using a weather generator (BCC/RCG-WG) and the output of five global climate models. Based on the downscaled daily precipitation at 174 stations, eight indices describing mean and extreme precipitation climates were calculated. Overall increasing trends in the frequency and intensity of the mean and extreme precipitation were identified for the majority of the stations studied, which is in line with the GCMs’ output. However, the downscaling approach enables more local features to be reflected, adding value to applications at the local scale. Compared with the baseline during 1961–2005, the regional average annual precipitation and its intensity are projected to increase in all three future periods under both RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. The projected changes in the number of days with precipitation are relatively small across the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The regional average annual number of days with precipitation would increase by 0.2~1.0% under both RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, except during 2031–2050 under RCP 8.5 when it would decrease by 0.7%. The regional averages of annual days with precipitation ≥25 mm and ≥40 mm, the greatest one-day and five-day precipitation in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, are projected to increase by 8~30% during all the three periods. The number of days with daily precipitation ≥40 mm was projected to increase most significantly out of the eight indices, indicating the need to consider increased flooding risk in the future. The average annual maximum number of consecutive days without precipitation in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is projected to decrease, and the drought risk in this area is expected to decrease.},
  issn = {2073-4433}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_zsoterervin_2022,
  title = {Hydrological Impact of the New ECMWF Multi-Layer Snow Scheme},
  author = {Zsoter, Ervin and Arduini, Gabriele and Prudhomme, Christel and Stephens, Elisabeth and Cloke, Hannah L.},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Atmosphere},
  volume = {5},
  number = {13},
  pages = {5},
  doi = {10.3390/atmos13050727},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI},
  keywords = {land-surface modelling; snow scheme; hydrological processes; river discharge; surface runoff; permafrost},
  abstract = {The representation of snow is a crucial aspect of land-surface modelling, as it has a strong influence on energy and water balances. Snow schemes with multiple layers have been shown to better describe the snowpack evolution and bring improvements to soil freezing and some hydrological processes. In this paper, the wider hydrological impact of the multi-layer snow scheme, implemented in the ECLand model, was analyzed globally on hundreds of catchments. ERA5-forced reanalysis simulations of ECLand were coupled to CaMa-Flood, as the hydrodynamic model to produce river discharge. Different sensitivity experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of the ECLand snow and soil freezing scheme changes on the terrestrial hydrological processes, with particular focus on permafrost. It was found that the default multi-layer snow scheme can generally improve the river discharge simulation, with the exception of permafrost catchments, where snowmelt-driven floods are largely underestimated, due to the lack of surface runoff. It was also found that appropriate changes in the snow vertical discretization, destructive metamorphism, snow-soil thermal conductivity and soil freeze temperature could lead to large river discharge improvements in permafrost by adjusting the evolution of soil temperature, infiltration and the partitioning between surface and subsurface runoff.},
  issn = {2073-4433}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_nmethysndor_2022,
  title = {Environmental Viability Analysis of Connected European Inland–Marine Waterways and Their Services in View of Climate Change},
  author = {Némethy, Sándor and Ternell, Anna and Bornmalm, Lennart and Lagerqvist, Bosse and Szemethy, László},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Atmosphere},
  volume = {6},
  number = {13},
  pages = {6},
  doi = {10.3390/atmos13060951},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  keywords = {inland waterways; ecosystem services; water level fluctuations; flooding; invasive species; greenhouse gas emissions; alternative fuels; habitat reconstruction},
  abstract = {Inland waterways and their connections to marine transport systems constitute a substantial resource for the establishment of green infrastructures, flood prevention, and environmental conservation. However, these developments have numerous inherent environmental hazards such as water and air pollution, a loss of habitats, increased coastal erosion, the transfer of invasive species between connected watercourses and lakes, and the transport of pollutants through watercourses to coastal areas. Climate change may aggravate these environmental problems through changing temperatures, reduced precipitation, enhancing the adverse impact of excess nutrient discharge, and the entry of invasive species. In this study, we analyse the main European inland waterway corridors and their branches to assess the ecological viability of a pan-European inland waterway network. The environmental viability of such network depends on the right assessment of ecosystem services and protection of biodiversity. A model structure for landscape conservation, green infrastructure development, water replenishment, and ecosystem reconstruction is proposed, considering a sustainable combination of multimodal inland waterway and rail transport.},
  issn = {2073-4433}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_rea_2023,
  title = {Climate Scenarios for Coastal Flood Vulnerability Assessments: A Case Study for the Ligurian Coastal Region},
  author = {Re, A. and Minola, Lorenzo and Pezzoli, A.},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Climate},
  volume = {3},
  number = {11},
  pages = {3},
  doi = {10.3390/cli11030056},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  keywords = {extreme sea levels; coastal flooding; coastal vulnerability; mediterranean sea; era5 reanalysis; sea level scenarios; sea-level rise; hazards; surges; scale; meteorology & atmospheric sciences},
  abstract = {Extreme sea levels and coastal flooding are projected to be among the most uncertain and severe consequences of climate change. In response, a wide development of coastal vulnerability assessment methodologies has been observed in research to support societal resilience to future coastal flood risks. This work aims to explore the scope of application of index-based methodologies for coastal vulnerability assessment, in terms of their suitability to convey information on variations in climate variables potentially leading to sea-level changes and inundation. For this purpose, the InVEST Coastal Vulnerability model was coupled for the first time with the ERA5 reanalysis and used to develop a case study assessment of the biophysical exposure component of vulnerability to coastal flooding for Liguria, an Italian coastal region facing the Mediterranean Sea. Different scenarios of wind speed and wave power were created in order to test the sensitivity of this approach to climate data inputs. The results support the applicability of this approach to provide a preliminary grasp of local vulnerability to coastal inundation. Yet, this work also highlights how the method's data aggregation and indicator computation processes result in its insensitivity to wind and wave variations, and therefore in its unsuitability to reproduce climate scenarios. The implications of these findings for research methodology and regarding the operationalisation of vulnerability assessment results are discussed.},
  issn = {2225-1154}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_yangjames_2019,
  title = {The Past and Present of Discharge Capacity Modeling for Spillways: A Swedish Perspective},
  author = {Yang, James and Andreasson, Patrik and Teng, Penghua and Xie, Qiancheng},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Fluids},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {10},
  doi = {10.3390/fluids4010010},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI},
  keywords = {spillway; bottom outlet; design flood; discharge capacity; model tests; computational fluid dynamics (cfd); strömningslära},
  abstract = {Most of the hydropower dams in Sweden were built before 1980. The present dam-safety guidelines have resulted in higher design floods than their spillway discharge capacity and the need for structural upgrades. This has led to renewed laboratory model tests. For some dams, even computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are performed. This provides the possibility to compare the spillway discharge data between the model tests performed a few decades apart. The paper presents the hydropower development, the needs for the ongoing dam rehabilitations and the history of physical hydraulic modeling in Sweden. More than 20 spillways, both surface and bottom types, are analyzed to evaluate their discharge modeling accuracy. The past and present model tests are compared with each other and with the CFD results if available. Discrepancies do exist in the discharges between the model tests made a few decades apart. The differences fall within the range −8.3%–+11.2%. The reasons for the discrepancies are sought from several aspects. The primary source of the errors is seemingly the model construction quality and flow measurement method. The machine milling technique and 3D printing reduce the source of construction errors and improve the model quality. Results of the CFD simulations differ, at the maximum, by 3.8% from the physical tests. They are conducted without knowledge of the physical model results in advance. Following the best practice guidelines, CFD should generate results of decent accuracy for discharge prediction.},
  issn = {2311-5521}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_xieqiancheng_2019,
  title = {Field Studies and 3D Modelling of Morphodynamics in a Meandering River Reach Dominated by Tides and Suspended Load},
  author = {Xie, Qiancheng and Yang, James and Lundström, T. Staffan},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Fluids},
  volume = {1},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1},
  doi = {10.3390/fluids4010015},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI},
  keywords = {tidal meandering river; field measurements; 3d numerical model; flow features; sediment transport; erosion-deposition patterns; strömningslära},
  abstract = {Meandering is a common feature in natural alluvial streams. This study deals with alluvial behaviors of a meander reach subjected to both fresh-water flow and strong tides from the coast. Field measurements are carried out to obtain flow and sediment data. Approximately 95% of the sediment in the river is suspended load of silt and clay. The results indicate that, due to the tidal currents, the flow velocity and sediment concentration are always out of phase with each other. The cross-sectional asymmetry and bi-directional flow result in higher sediment concentration along inner banks than along outer banks of the main stream. For a given location, the near-bed concentration is 2−5 times the surface value. Based on Froude number, a sediment carrying capacity formula is derived for the flood and ebb tides. The tidal flow stirs the sediment and modifies its concentration and transport. A 3D hydrodynamic model of flow and suspended sediment transport is established to compute the flow patterns and morphology changes. Cross-sectional currents, bed shear stress and erosion-deposition patterns are discussed. The flow in cross-section exhibits significant stratification and even an opposite flow direction during the tidal rise and fall; the vertical velocity profile deviates from the logarithmic distribution. During the flow reversal between flood and ebb tides, sediment deposits, which is affected by slack-water durations. The bed deformation is dependent on the meander asymmetry and the interaction between the fresh water flow and tides. The flood tides are attributable to the deposition, while the ebb tides, together with run-offs, lead to slight erosion. The flood tides play a key role in the morphodynamic changes of the meander reach.},
  issn = {2311-5521}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_rlersebastian_2021,
  title = {Remote Sensing of Snow Cover Variability and Its Influence on the Runoff of Sápmi’s Rivers},
  author = {Rößler, Sebastian and Witt, Marius S. and Ikonen, Jaakko and Brown, Ian A. and Dietz, Andreas J.},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Geosciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {11},
  pages = {3},
  doi = {10.3390/geosciences11030130},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  keywords = {snow parameters; snow variability; modis; snow hydrology; spring flood; sapmi; mann-kendall test; snowmelt runoff model},
  abstract = {The boreal winter 2019/2020 was very irregular in Europe. While there was very little snow in Central Europe, the opposite was the case in northern Fenno-Scandia, particularly in the Arctic. The snow cover was more persistent here and its rapid melting led to flooding in many places. Since the last severe spring floods occurred in the region in 2018, this raises the question of whether more frequent occurrences can be expected in the future. To assess the variability of snowmelt related flooding we used snow cover maps (derived from the DLR’s Global SnowPack MODIS snow product) and freely available data on runoff, precipitation, and air temperature in eight unregulated river catchment areas. A trend analysis (Mann-Kendall test) was carried out to assess the development of the parameters, and the interdependencies of the parameters were examined with a correlation analysis. Finally, a simple snowmelt runoff model was tested for its applicability to this region. We noticed an extraordinary variability in the duration of snow cover. If this extends well into spring, rapid air temperature increases leads to enhanced thawing. According to the last flood years 2005, 2010, 2018, and 2020, we were able to differentiate between four synoptic flood types based on their special hydrometeorological and snow situation and simulate them with the snowmelt runoff model (SRM).},
  issn = {2076-3263}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_higginslindsey_2016,
  title = {Surface Area Variability of a North-Central Tanzanian Crater Lake},
  author = {Higgins, Lindsey and Koutsouris, Alexander J. and Westerberg, Lars-Ove and Risberg, Jan},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Geosciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {6},
  pages = {2},
  doi = {10.3390/geosciences6020027},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  keywords = {temperature fluctuations; el niño; climate change; indian ocean},
  abstract = {A history of modern (1973–2015) surface area variability for Lake Basotu in north-central Tanzania has been reconstructed using archived Landsat images from the dry season between June and October. This record was compared to local weather data as well as larger scale weather patterns. The lake has been in a state of decline interrupted by major flood events since the beginning of the satellite record. From 1973 to 1997, the lake area was between 0.97 km2 and 4.28 km2. Lake extent abruptly increased to 13.86 km2 in 1998, when a co-occurrence of El Niño and a positive Indian Ocean Dipole led to extensive flooding. It is hypothesized that local agricultural practices leading to soil erosion and subsequent basin sedimentation have most likely increased the sensitivity of Lake Basotuto climatic fluctuations.},
  issn = {2076-3263}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_islammmmajedul_2018,
  title = {Modelling the present and futurewater level and discharge of the tidal betna river},
  author = {Islam, M. M.Majedul and Hofstra, Nynke and Sokolova, Ekaterina},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Geosciences (Switzerland)},
  volume = {8},
  number = {8},
  pages = {8},
  doi = {10.3390/geosciences8080271},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  keywords = {flood; general circulation models (gcm); mike 21 fm model; water level; discharge; precipitation},
  abstract = {Climate change, comprising of changes in precipitation patterns, higher temperatures and sea level rises, increases the likelihood of future flooding in the Betna River basin, Bangladesh. Hydrodynamic modellingwas performed to simulate the present and future water level and discharge for different scenarios using bias-corrected, downscaled data from two general circulation models. The modelling results indicated that, compared to the baseline year (2014–2015), the water level is expected to increase by 11–16% by the 2040s and 14–23% by the 2090s, and the monsoon daily maximum discharge is expected to increase by up to 13% by the 2040s and 21% by the 2090s. Sea level rise is mostly responsible for the increase in water level. The duration of water level exceedance of the established danger threshold and extreme discharge events can increase by up to half a month by the 2040s and above one month by the 2090s. The combined influence of the increased water level and discharge has the potential to cause major floods in the Betna River basin. The results of our study increase the knowledge base on climate change influence on water level and discharge at a local scale. This is valuable for water managers in flood-risk mitigation and water management.},
  issn = {2076-3263}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hamdanahmednasehahmed_2021,
  title = {Rainfall-runoff modeling using the hec-hms model for the al-adhaim river catchment, northern iraq},
  author = {Hamdan, Ahmed Naseh Ahmed and Almuktar, Suhad and Scholz, Miklas},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Hydrology},
  volume = {2},
  number = {8},
  pages = {2},
  doi = {10.3390/hydrology8020058},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  abstract = {It has become necessary to estimate the quantities of runoff by knowing the amount of rainfall to calculate the required quantities of water storage in reservoirs and to determine the likelihood of flooding. The present study deals with the development of a hydrological model named Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC-HMS), which uses Digital Elevation Models (DEM). This hydrological model was used by means of the Geospatial Hydrologic Modeling Extension (HEC-GeoHMS) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to identify the discharge of the Al-Adhaim River catchment and embankment dam in Iraq by simulated rainfall-runoff processes. The meteorological models were developed within the HEC-HMS from the recorded daily rainfall data for the hydrological years 2015 to 2018. The control specifications were defined for the specified period and one day time step. The Soil Conservation Service-Curve number (SCS-CN), SCS Unit Hydrograph and Muskingum methods were used for loss, transformation and routing calculations, respectively. The model was simulated for two years for calibration and one year for verification of the daily rainfall values. The results showed that both observed and simulated hydrographs were highly correlated. The model’s performance was evaluated by using a coefficient of determination of 90% for calibration and verification. The dam’s discharge for the considered period was successfully simulated but slightly overestimated. The results indicated that the model is suitable for hydrological simulations in the Al-Adhaim river catchment.},
  issn = {2306-5338}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kareembaydaaabdul_2022,
  title = {Applicability of ANN Model and CPSOCGSA Algorithm forMulti-Time Step Ahead River Streamflow Forecasting},
  author = {Kareem, Baydaa Abdul and Zubaidi, Salah L. and Ridha, Hussein Mohammed and Al-Ansari, Nadhir and Al-Bdairi, Nabeel Saleem Saad},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Hydrology},
  volume = {10},
  number = {9},
  pages = {10},
  doi = {10.3390/hydrology9100171},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI},
  keywords = {streamflow prediction; cpsocgsa; ann; metaheuristic algorithms; ssa; soil mechanics},
  abstract = {Accurate streamflow prediction is significant when developing water resource management and planning, forecasting floods, and mitigating flood damage. This research developed a novel methodology that involves data pre-processing and an artificial neural network (ANN) optimised with the coefficient-based particle swarm optimisation and chaotic gravitational search algorithm (CPSOCGSA-ANN) to forecast the monthly water streamflow. The monthly streamflow data of the Tigris River at Amarah City, Iraq, from 2010 to 2020, were used to build and evaluate the suggested methodology. The performance of CPSOCGSA was compared with the slim mold algorithm (SMA) and marine predator algorithm (MPA). The principal findings of this research are that data pre-processing effectively improves the data quality and determines the optimum predictor scenario. The hybrid CPSOCGSA-ANN outperformed both the SMA-ANN and MPA-ANN algorithms. The suggested methodology offered accurate results with a coefficient of determination of 0.91, and 100% of the data were scattered between the agreement limits of the Bland–Altman diagram. The research results represent a further step toward developing hybrid models in hydrology applications.},
  issn = {2306-5338}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_amorimjorgeh_2021,
  title = {Regulating and Cultural Ecosystem Services of Urban Green Infrastructure in the Nordic Countries: A Systematic Review},
  author = {Amorim, Jorge H. and Engardt, Magnuz and Johansson, Christer and Ribeiro, Isabel and Sannebro, Magnus},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
  volume = {3},
  number = {18},
  pages = {3},
  doi = {10.3390/ijerph18031219},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  keywords = {urban green infrastructure; ecosystem services; nordic countries; urban climate; heat; flood; air pollution; well-being; health; end users},
  abstract = {In the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden), the Urban Green Infrastructure (UGI) has been traditionally targeted at reducing flood risk. However, other Ecosystem Services (ES) became increasingly relevant in response to the challenges of urbanization and climate change. In total, 90 scientific articles addressing ES considered crucial contributions to the quality of life in cities are reviewed. These are classified as (1) regulating ES that minimize hazards such as heat, floods, air pollution and noise, and (2) cultural ES that promote well-being and health. We conclude that the planning and design of UGI should balance both the provision of ES and their side effects and disservices, aspects that seem to have been only marginally investigated. Climate-sensitive planning practices are critical to guarantee that seasonal climate variability is accounted for at high-latitude regions. Nevertheless, diverging and seemingly inconsistent findings, together with gaps in the understanding of long-term effects, create obstacles for practitioners. Additionally, the limited involvement of end users points to a need of better engagement and communication, which in overall call for more collaborative research. Close relationships and interactions among different ES provided by urban greenery were found, yet few studies attempted an integrated evaluation. We argue that promoting interdisciplinary studies is fundamental to attain a holistic understanding of how plant traits affect the resulting ES; of the synergies between biophysical, physiological and psychological processes; and of the potential disservices of UGI, specifically in Nordic cities.},
  issn = {1661-7827}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_olssonperola_2025,
  title = {Representation of 3D Land Cover Data in Semantic City Models},
  author = {Olsson, Per-Ola and Andersson, Axel and Calvert, Matthew and Loreman, Axel and Lökholm, Erik and Martinsson, Emma and Pantazatou, Karolina and Svensson, Björn and Spielhaupter, Alex and Uggla, Maria and Harrie, Lars},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information},
  volume = {9},
  number = {14},
  pages = {9},
  doi = {10.3390/ijgi14090328},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  abstract = {A large number of cities have created semantic 3D city models, but these models are rarely used as input data for simulations, such as noise and flooding, in the urban planning process. Reasons for this are that many simulations require detailed land cover (LC) and elevation data that are often not included in the 3D city models, and that there is no linkage between the elevation and land cover data. In this study, we design, implement and evaluate methods to handle LC and elevation data in a 3D city model. The LC data is stored in 2.5D or 3D in the CityGML modules Transportation, Vegetation, WaterBody, CityFurniture and LandUse, and a complete 3D LC partition is created by combining data from these modules. The entire workflow is demonstrated in the paper: creating 2D LC data, extending CityGML, creating 2.5D/3D data from the 2D LC data, dividing the LC data into CityGML modules, storing it in a database (3DCityDB) and finally visualizing the data in Unreal Engine. The study is part of the 3CIM project wherea national profile of CityGML for Sweden is created as an Application Domain Extension (ADE), but the result is generally applicable for CityGML implementations.},
  issn = {2220-9964}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_padmanabanrajchandar_2017,
  title = {A Remote Sensing Approach to Environmental Monitoring in a Reclaimed Mine Area},
  author = {Padmanaban, Rajchandar and Bhowmik, Avit K. and Cabral, Pedro},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {ISPRS international journal of geo-information},
  volume = {12},
  number = {6},
  pages = {12},
  doi = {10.3390/ijgi6120401},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  keywords = {mining; mine reclamation; land cover change; vegetation productivity; ndvi; post-mining; spectral mixture analysis; random forest classification},
  abstract = {Mining for resources extraction may lead to geological and associated environmental changes due to ground movements, collision with mining cavities, and deformation of aquifers. Geological changes may continue in a reclaimed mine area, and the deformed aquifers may entail a breakdown of substrates and an increase in ground water tables, which may cause surface area inundation. Consequently, a reclaimed mine area may experience surface area collapse, i.e., subsidence, and degradation of vegetation productivity. Thus, monitoring short-term landscape dynamics in a reclaimed mine area may provide important information on the long-term geological and environmental impacts of mining activities. We studied landscape dynamics in Kirchheller Heide, Germany, which experienced extensive soil movement due to longwall mining without stowing, using Landsat imageries between 2013 and 2016. A Random Forest image classification technique was applied to analyze land-use and landcover dynamics, and the growth of wetland areas was assessed using a Spectral Mixture Analysis (SMA). We also analyzed the changes in vegetation productivity using a Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). We observed a 19.9% growth of wetland area within four years, with 87.2% growth in the coverage of two major waterbodies in the reclaimed mine area. NDVI values indicate that the productivity of 66.5% of vegetation of the Kirchheller Heide was degraded due to changes in ground water tables and surface flooding. Our results inform environmental management and mining reclamation authorities about the subsidence spots and priority mitigation areas from land surface and vegetation degradation in Kirchheller Heide.},
  issn = {2220-9964}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_egegrdcolinhultgren_2024,
  title = {Climate Proofing Cities by Navigating Nature-Based Solutions in a Multi-Scale, Social–Ecological Urban Planning Context: A Case Study of Flood Protection in the City of Gothenburg, Sweden},
  author = {Egegård, Colin Hultgren and Lindborg, Maja and Gren, Åsa and Marcus, Lars and Berghauser Pont, Meta and Colding, Johan},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Land},
  volume = {2},
  number = {13},
  pages = {2},
  doi = {10.3390/land13020143},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  keywords = {flooding; ecosystem services; nature-based solutions; urban green space; invest model; climate change; water run-off mitigation; sustainable urban development},
  abstract = {Due to unsustainable land management and climate change, floods have become more frequent and severe over the past few decades and the problem is exacerbated in urban environments. In the context of climate-proofing cities, the importance of nature-based solutions (NBSs), obtaining relevant outcomes in the form of ecosystem services, has been highlighted. Although the role of ecosystem services in building resilience against negative climate change effects is widely recognized and there is an identified need to better integrate ecosystem services into urban planning and design, this has proven difficult to operationalize. A critical limitation is that modeling is a time-consuming and costly exercise. The purpose is to roughly estimate the ecosystem service of water run-off mitigation through simplified, cost-effective, and user-friendly modelling at three nested biophysical scales, under four climate change scenarios. Using the Swedish city of Gothenburg as an example, we propose an approach for navigating NBS-oriented flooding adaptation strategies, by quantifying the ecosystem service of water run-off mitigation at three nested biophysical scales, under four climate change scenarios, hence, proposing an approach for how to navigate nature-based solutions in a multi-scale, social–ecological urban planning context against present and future flooding events. Our findings validate the effectiveness of employing an ecosystem service approach to better comprehend the significant climate change issue of flooding through user-friendly and cost-efficient modeling.},
  issn = {2073-445X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_jiangxiangang_2024,
  title = {The Variation in Boulder Bars Triggered by the 2018 Sedongpu Natural Dam Failure in the Yarlung Tsangpo River},
  author = {Jiang, Xiangang and Xie, Xinlin and Guo, Zhehao and Wörman, Anders and Liu, Xingrong and Liu, Weiming and Xie, Yiqin},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Land},
  volume = {9},
  number = {13},
  pages = {9},
  doi = {10.3390/land13091517},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},
  keywords = {boulder bar; evolution mode; natural dam; outburst flood},
  abstract = {Natural dams are formed most often in narrow, steep valleys in high mountains. The outburst floods triggered by natural dam failures result in the topography and landforms successively being altered. Boulder bars are common natural structures that are selected here to quantitatively evaluate the impact of outburst floods on the topographical and landform variations in downstream channels. In this study, we selected the Sedongpu natural dam on the Yarlung Tsangpo River formed as a result of a landslide in 2018 as an example, and studied the geomorphological changes in a river reach located 173 km downstream of the Sedongpu natural dam. The sizes and shapes of the boulder bars in this area were statistically analyzed. The results show that there are three shape types of boulder bars in this area, i.e., sickle, bamboo leaf and oval. Furthermore, it found that the relationship between the lengths and widths of boulder bars is similar before and after outburst floods, as is the relationship between perimeters and lengths of boulder bars, which means these relationships are not affected by outburst floods. And the perimeters of boulder bars are almost twice their lengths. In addition, the relationship between the areas and lengths of boulder bars follows a power function. The most important finding is that the riverine morphological features conserved self-similarity due the influence of the outburst flood erosion triggered by a natural dam failure. This finding adds to the previous observations since dam failures introduce sudden and dominating impacts on river systems.},
  issn = {2073-445X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_salifumusah_2020,
  title = {Biogeochemical Controls on 13CDIC Signatures from Circum-Neutral pH Groundwater in Cu–W–F Skarn Tailings to Acidic Downstream Surface Waters},
  author = {Salifu, Musah and Aiglsperger, Thomas and Alakangas, Lena},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Minerals},
  volume = {9},
  number = {10},
  pages = {9},
  doi = {10.3390/min10090758},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI},
  keywords = {dissolved inorganic carbon; secondary carbonates; skarn tailings; ground and surface waters; carbonate dissolution; stable carbon isotopes; tillämpad geokemi; applied geochemistry},
  abstract = {Regular features of ground and surface waters affected by drainage from mine waste include their acidity and elevated concentrations of dissolved metals, with their attendant negative effects on drinking water quality and aquatic life. One parameter that aids in buffering these waters against acidity and sustains aquatic life is dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). In this study, the chemical and isotopic (δ13C) composition of primary calcite and DIC (δ13CDIC) in groundwater and surface waters within and downstream, respectively, of abandoned Cu–W–F skarn tailings at Yxsjöberg, Sweden, were used to trace the biogeochemical processes controlling their respective δ13CDIC signatures. In addition, the δ13C signatures of the inorganic (carbonate) fractions of the tailings were used to verify the formation of secondary carbonates within the tailings. Lower average δ13C values of the carbonate fractions (δ13Ccarb = −2.7‰) relative to those of the primary calcite (δ13C = +0.1‰) from the orebodies from which the tailings originated pointed to the precipitation of secondary carbonates. These lower δ13Ccarb signatures were assumed to represent mixed-source C signals involving isotopically light CO2 from the atmosphere, the degradation of organic matter in the upper part of the tailings and HCO3− from calcite dissolution. The groundwater δ13CDIC values (−12.6‰ to −4.4‰) were far lower than the hypothetical range of values (−4.6‰ to +0.7‰) for primary calcite and secondary carbonate dissolution. These signatures were attributed to carbonate (calcite and secondary carbonate) dissolution and the degradation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from various organic sources such as peat underneath the tailings and the surrounding forests. Downstream surface water samples collected in May had low δ13CDIC values (−16‰) and high DOC (14 mg C/L) compared to the groundwater samples. These signatures represented the oxidation of the DOC from the wash out of the mires and forests during the snowmelt and spring flood. The DOC and δ13CDIC values of the surface waters from June to September ranged from 6–15 mg·C/L and −25‰ to −8.6‰, respectively. These signatures were interpreted to reflect mixed C sources, including carbonate dehydration by acidity from Fe3+ hydrolysis due to the mixing of groundwater with surface waters and the subsequent diffusive loss of CO2 (g), aquatic photosynthesis, photooxidation, DOC degradation, as well as microbial respiration. Although the 13CDIC signatures of the downstream surface waters seemed to be seasonally controlled and influenced by variable groundwater contributions, the lack of data with respect to DIC concentrations, coupled with multiple potential biogeochemical processes that could influence the DIC pool and 13CDIC values, made it difficult to identify the major regulating process of the 13CDIC signatures. Therefore, other complimentary isotopes and elemental concentrations are recommended in order to decipher the dominant biogeochemical process.},
  issn = {2075-163X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_labuhninga_2018,
  title = {Holocene Hydroclimate Variability in Central Scandinavia Inferred from Flood Layers in Contourite Drift Deposits in Lake Storsjön},
  author = {Labuhn, Inga and Hammarlund, Dan and Chapron, Emmanuel and Czymzik, Markus and Dumoulin, Jean-Pascal and Nilsson, Andreas and Régnier, Edouard and Robygd, Joakim and von Grafenstein, Ulrich},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Quaternary},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {24--24},
  doi = {10.3390/quat1010002},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  abstract = {Despite the societal importance of extreme hydroclimate events, few palaeoenvironmental studies of Scandinavian lake sediments have investigated flood occurrences. Here we present a flood history based on lithological, geochemical and mineral magnetic records of a Holocene sediment sequence collected from contourite drift deposits in Lake Storsjön (63.12° N, 14.37° E). After the last deglaciation, the lake began to form around 9800 cal yr BP, but glacial activity persisted in the catchment for ~250 years. Element concentrations and mineral magnetic properties of the sediments indicate relatively stable sedimentation conditions during the Holocene. However, human impact in the form of expanding agriculture is evident from about 1100 cal yr BP, and intensified in the 20th century. Black layers containing iron sulphide appear irregularly throughout the sequence. The increased influx of organic matter during flood events led to decomposition and oxygen consumption, and eventually to anoxic conditions in the interstitial water preserving these layers. Elevated frequencies of black layer occurrence between 3600 and 1800 cal yr BP reflect vegetation changes in the catchment as well as large-scale climatic change. Soil erosion during snowmelt flood events increased with a tree line descent since the onset of the neoglacial period (~4000 cal yr BP). The peak in black layer occurrence coincides with a prominent solar minimum ~2600 cal yr BP, which may have accentuated the observed pattern due to the prevalence of a negative NAO index, a longer snow accumulation period and consequently stronger snowmelt floods},
  issn = {2571-550X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bhattacharyab_2019,
  title = {Flood inundation mapping of the sparsely gauged large-scale Brahmaputra basin using remote sensing products},
  author = {Bhattacharya, B. and Mazzoleni, Maurizio and Ugay, R.},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Remote Sensing},
  volume = {5},
  number = {11},
  pages = {5},
  doi = {10.3390/rs11050501},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  abstract = {Sustainable water management is one of the important priorities set out in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations, which calls for efficient use of natural resources. Efficient water management nowadays depends a lot upon simulation models. However, the availability of limited hydro-meteorological data together with limited data sharing practices prohibits simulation modelling and consequently efficient flood risk management of sparsely gauged basins. Advances in remote sensing has significantly contributed to carrying out hydrological studies in ungauged or sparsely gauged basins. In particular, the global datasets of remote sensing observations (e.g., rainfall, evaporation, temperature, land use, terrain, etc.) allow to develop hydrological and hydraulic models of sparsely gauged catchments. In this research, we have considered large scale hydrological and hydraulic modelling, using freely available global datasets, of the sparsely gauged trans-boundary Brahmaputra basin, which has an enormous potential in terms of agriculture, hydropower, water supplies and other utilities. A semi-distributed conceptual hydrological model was developed using HEC-HMS (Hydrologic Modelling System from Hydrologic Engineering Centre). Rainfall estimates from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) was compared with limited gauge data and used in the simulation. The Nash Sutcliffe coefficient of the model with the uncorrected rainfall data in calibration and validation were 0.75 and 0.61 respectively whereas the similar values with the corrected rainfall data were 0.81 and 0.74. The output of the hydrological model was used as a boundary condition and lateral inflow to the hydraulic model. Modelling results obtained using uncorrected and corrected remotely sensed products of rainfall were compared with the discharge values at the basin outlet (Bahadurabad) and with altimetry data from Jason-2 satellite. The simulated flood inundation maps of the lower part of the Brahmaputra basin showed reasonably good match in terms of the probability of detection, success ratio and critical success index. Overall, this study demonstrated that reliable and robust results can be obtained in both hydrological and hydraulic modelling using remote sensing data as the only input to large scale and sparsely gauged basins.},
  issn = {2072-4292}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_rahmatiomid_2019,
  title = {Multi-Hazard Exposure Mapping Using Machine Learning Techniques: A Case Study from Iran},
  author = {Rahmati, Omid and Yousefi, Saleh and Kalantari, Zahra and Uuemaa, Evelyn and Teimurian, Teimur and Keesstra, Saskia and Tien, Dat and Dieu, Tien},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Remote Sensing},
  volume = {16},
  number = {11},
  pages = {16},
  doi = {10.3390/rs11161943},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  keywords = {natural disasters; sentinel-1; hazard; asara watershed},
  abstract = {Mountainous areas are highly prone to a variety of nature-triggered disasters, which often cause disabling harm, death, destruction, and damage. In this work, an attempt was made to develop an accurate multi-hazard exposure map for a mountainous area (Asara watershed, Iran), based on state-of-the art machine learning techniques. Hazard modeling for avalanches, rockfalls, and floods was performed using three state-of-the-art models-support vector machine (SVM), boosted regression tree (BRT), and generalized additive model (GAM). Topo-hydrological and geo-environmental factors were used as predictors in the models. A flood dataset (n = 133 flood events) was applied, which had been prepared using Sentinel-1-based processing and ground-based information. In addition, snow avalanche (n = 58) and rockfall (n = 101) data sets were used. The data set of each hazard type was randomly divided to two groups: Training (70%) and validation (30%). Model performance was evaluated by the true skill score (TSS) and the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) criteria. Using an exposure map, the multi-hazard map was converted into a multi-hazard exposure map. According to both validation methods, the SVM model showed the highest accuracy for avalanches (AUC = 92.4%, TSS = 0.72) and rockfalls (AUC = 93.7%, TSS = 0.81), while BRT demonstrated the best performance for flood hazards (AUC = 94.2%, TSS = 0.80). Overall, multi-hazard exposure modeling revealed that valleys and areas close to the Chalous Road, one of the most important roads in Iran, were associated with high and very high levels of risk. The proposed multi-hazard exposure framework can be helpful in supporting decision making on mountain social-ecological systems facing multiple hazards.},
  issn = {2072-4292}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_amanimeisam_2022,
  title = {Forty Years of Wetland Status and Trends Analyses in the Great Lakes Using Landsat Archive Imagery and Google Earth Engine},
  author = {Amani, Meisam and Kakooei, Mohammad and Ghorbanian, Arsalan and Warren, Rebecca and Mahdavi, Sahel and Brisco, Brian and Moghimi, Armin and Bourgeau-Chavez, Laura and Toure, Souleymane and Paudel, Ambika and Sulaiman, Ablajan and Post, Richard},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Remote Sensing},
  volume = {15},
  number = {14},
  pages = {15},
  doi = {10.3390/rs14153778},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  keywords = {wetlands; gee; big data; change detection},
  abstract = {Wetlands provide many benefits, such as water storage, flood control, transformation and retention of chemicals, and habitat for many species of plants and animals. The ongoing degradation of wetlands in the Great Lakes basin has been caused by a number of factors, including climate change, urbanization, and agriculture. Mapping and monitoring wetlands across such large spatial and temporal scales have proved challenging; however, recent advancements in the accessibility and processing efficiency of remotely sensed imagery have facilitated these applications. In this study, the historical Landsat archive was first employed in Google Earth Engine (GEE) to classify wetlands (i.e., Bog, Fen, Swamp, Marsh) and non-wetlands (i.e., Open Water, Barren, Forest, Grassland/Shrubland, Cropland) throughout the entire Great Lakes basin over the past four decades. To this end, an object-based supervised Random Forest (RF) model was developed. All of the produced wetland maps had overall accuracies exceeding 84%, indicating the high capability of the developed classification model for wetland mapping. Changes in wetlands were subsequently assessed for 17 time intervals. It was observed that approximately 16% of the study area has changed since 1984, with the highest increase occurring in the Cropland class and the highest decrease occurring in the Forest and Marsh classes. Forest mostly transitioned to Fen, but was also observed to transition to Cropland, Marsh, and Swamp. A considerable amount of the Marsh class was also converted into Cropland.},
  issn = {2072-4292}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_iqbalasifa_2025,
  title = {Utilizing Remote Sensing for Sponge City Development: Enhancing Flood Management and Urban Resilience in Karachi},
  author = {Iqbal, Asifa and Soni, Lubaina and Qazi, Ammad Waheed and Nazir, Humaira},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Remote Sensing},
  volume = {11},
  number = {17},
  pages = {11},
  doi = {10.3390/rs17111818},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI},
  keywords = {flood; risk management; sponge city; karachi},
  abstract = {Rapid urbanization in Karachi, Pakistan, has resulted in increased impervious surfaces, leading to significant challenges, such as frequent flooding, urban heat islands, and loss of vegetation. These issues pose challenges to urban resilience, livability, and sustainability, which further demand solutions that incorporate urban greening and effective water management. This research uses remote sensing technologies and Geographic Information Systems (GISs), to analyze current surface treatments and their relationship to Karachi’s blue-green infrastructure. By following this approach, we evaluate flood risk and identify key flood-conditioning factors, including elevation, slope, rainfall distribution, drainage density, and land use/land cover changes. By utilizing the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), we develop a flood risk assessment framework and a comprehensive flood risk map. Additionally, this research proposes an innovative Sponge City (SC) framework that integrates nature-based solutions (NBS) into urban planning, especially advocating for the establishment of green infrastructure, such as green roofs, rain gardens, and vegetated parks, to enhance water retention and drainage capacity. The findings highlight the urgent need for targeted policies and stakeholder engagement strategies to implement sustainable urban greening practices that address flooding and enhance the livability of Karachi. This work not only advances the theoretical understanding of Sponge Cities but also provides practical insights for policymakers, urban planners, and local communities facing similar sustainability challenges.},
  issn = {2072-4292}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_renruqing_2025,
  title = {Analysis of Droughts and Floods Evolution and Teleconnection Factors in the Yangtze River Basin Based on GRACE/GFO},
  author = {Ren, Ruqing and Nemoto, Tatsuya and Raghavan, Venkatesh and Song, Xianfeng and Duan, Zheng},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Remote Sensing},
  volume = {14},
  number = {17},
  pages = {14},
  doi = {10.3390/rs17142344},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  abstract = {In recent years, under the influence of climate change and human activities, droughts and floods have occurred frequently in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB), seriously threatening socioeconomic development and ecological security. The topography and climate of the YRB are complex, so it is crucial to develop appropriate drought and flood policies based on the drought and flood characteristics of different sub-basins. This study calculated the water storage deficit index (WSDI) based on the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE-Follow On (GFO) mascon model, extended WSDI to the bidirectional monitoring of droughts and floods in the YRB, and verified the reliability of WSDI in monitoring hydrological events through historical documented events. Combined with the wavelet method, it revealed the heterogeneity of climate responses in the three sub-basins of the upper, middle, and lower reaches. The results showed the following. (1) Compared and verified with the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI), and documented events, WSDI overcame the limitations of traditional indices and had higher reliability. A total of 21 drought events and 18 flood events were identified in the three sub-basins, with the lowest frequency of drought and flood events in the upper reaches. (2) Most areas of the YRB showed different degrees of wetting on the monthly and seasonal scales, and the slowest trend of wetting was in the lower reaches of the YRB. (3) The degree of influence of teleconnection factors in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the YRB had gradually increased over time, and, in particular, El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) had a significant impact on the droughts and floods. This study provided a new basis for the early warning of droughts and floods in different sub-basins of the YRB.},
  issn = {2072-4292}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_yunusali_2016,
  title = {Uncertainties in Tidally Adjusted Estimates of Sea Level Rise Flooding (Bathtub Model) for the Greater London},
  author = {Yunus, Ali and Avtar, Ram and Kraines, Steven and Yamamuro, Masumi and Lindberg, Fredrik and Grimmond, C.},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Remote Sensing},
  volume = {5},
  number = {8},
  pages = {5},
  doi = {10.3390/rs8050366},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  abstract = {Sea-level rise (SLR) from global warming may have severe consequences for coastal cities, particularly when combined with predicted increases in the strength of tidal surges. Predicting the regional impact of SLR flooding is strongly dependent on the modelling approach and accuracy of topographic data. Here, the areas under risk of sea water flooding for London boroughs were quantified based on the projected SLR scenarios reported in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) fifth assessment report (AR5) and UK climatic projections 2009 (UKCP09) using a tidally-adjusted bathtub modelling approach. Medium- to very high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) are used to evaluate inundation extents as well as uncertainties. Depending on the SLR scenario and DEMs used, it is estimated that 3%–8% of the area of Greater London could be inundated by 2100. The boroughs with the largest areas at risk of flooding are Newham, Southwark, and Greenwich. The differences in inundation areas estimated from a digital terrain model and a digital surface model are much greater than the root mean square error differences observed between the two data types, which may be attributed to processing levels. Flood models from SRTM data underestimate the inundation extent, so their results may not be reliable for constructing flood risk maps. This analysis provides a broad-scale estimate of the potential consequences of SLR and uncertainties in the DEM-based bathtub type flood inundation modelling for London boroughs.},
  issn = {2072-4292}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_rahmatiomid_2019_1,
  title = {GIS-Based Site Selection for Check Dams in Watersheds: Considering Geomorphometric and Topo-Hydrological Factors},
  author = {Rahmati, Omid and Kalantari, Zahra and Samadi, Mahmood and Uuemaa, Evelyn and Moghaddam, Davoud Davoudi and Nalivan, Omid Asadi and Destouni, Georgia and Dieu, Tien},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Sustainability},
  volume = {20},
  number = {11},
  pages = {20},
  doi = {10.3390/su11205639},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  keywords = {check dams; site selection; site prioritization; watershed management; decision support system; gis; poldokhtar watershed; green & sustainable science & technology},
  abstract = {Check dams are widely used watershed management measures for reducing flood peak discharge and sediment transport, and increasing lag time and groundwater recharge throughout the world. However, identifying the best suitable sites for check dams within the stream networks of various watersheds remains challenging. This study aimed to develop an open-source software with user-friendly interface for screening the stream network possibilities and identifying and guiding the selection of suitable sites for check dams within watersheds. In this developed site selection software (SSS), multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) was integrated into geographic information systems (GIS), which allowed for numerous spatial data of the multiple criteria to be relatively simply and visually processed. Different geomorphometric and topo-hydrological factors were considered and accounted for to enhance the SSS identification of the best locations for check dams. The factors included topographic wetness index (TWI), terrain ruggedness index (TRI), topographic position index (TPI), sediment transport index (STI), stream power index (SPI), slope, drainage density (DD), and stream order (SO). The site identification performance of the SSS was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve method, with results for the case study example of the Poldokhtar watershed in Iran showing excellent performance and identifying 327 potential sites for efficient check dam construction in this watershed. The SSS tool is not site-specific but is rather general, adaptive, and comprehensive, such that it can and should be further applied and tested across different watersheds and parts of the world.},
  issn = {2071-1050}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_johannessense_2020,
  title = {Urban Water Governance and Learning—Time for More Systemic Approaches?},
  author = {Johannessen, Åse and Mostert, Erik},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Sustainability},
  volume = {17},
  number = {12},
  pages = {17},
  doi = {10.3390/su12176916},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  abstract = {Social learning, especially triple-loop social learning involving institutional and governance changes, has great potential to address urban water issues such as flooding, drought, and pollution. It facilitates urban transition and the adoption of more systemic approaches and innovations. Social learning in water governance is a growing field, but the triple-loop learning concept remains vague and underexplored. Additionally, the focus is often on how social learning can contribute to progress with little attention being paid to barriers to learning. The aim of this paper is to increase understanding of triple-loop social learning to improve the “learning infrastructure”. It investigates key learning barriers for realizing green (livable) and adaptive cities in Malmö and Gothenburg, Sweden. Integration of nature-based solutions in spatial planning and development of these cities has been slow. The results found three types of barriers contributing to this: systemic (disconnecting parts with the whole); opacity (reducing communication between error detection and correction); and process-related (reducing the adoption of innovations). The paper contributes to understanding the social learning barriers for implementing planning. These insights could help overcome “adaptation inertia” and speed up policy learning towards sustainability and resilience.},
  issn = {2071-1050}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_davidssonsa_2021,
  title = {Desirable effects from disturbance ecology—A paradox within conservation management},
  author = {Davidsson, Åsa and Johansson, Magnus and Bonander, Carl},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Sustainability},
  volume = {13},
  number = {13},
  pages = {13},
  doi = {10.3390/su13137049},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  keywords = {conservation management; disturbance ecology; national parks; natural disturbances; paradox; risk and environmental studies},
  abstract = {The importance of natural disturbances for biodiversity is well-documented in the disturbance ecology literature. Natural disturbances such as fire, wind, and flooding strongly influence ecosystems by creating short and long-term ecological processes. Conservation management of protected areas should consider the importance of natural disturbances since natural shifts in ecosystems are, in a long-term perspective, necessary to maintain high biodiversity. The purpose of this study is to explore how and if natural disturbances are incorporated in the management of Swedish national parks and to identify possible examples of barriers for this incorporation. The design of the study is a multiple comparative case study based on a document study and completed with qualitative interviews. The cases consist of propositions and management plans for 15 Swedish national parks established between 1962 and 2018. The document analysis generated four main categories: historic/future and positive/negative perceptions of natural disturbances. The results indicate that there are positive perceptions concerning the inclusion of disturbance ecology in the management of national parks. However, there are also obstacles and challenges around natural disturbances within Swedish national parks. These obstacles are, in some cases, explained by practical implications such as the closeness to surrounding societies and in others explained by paradoxes such as visitors’ perceptions of national parks and the wilderness. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},
  issn = {2071-1050}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ciampafrancesca_2021,
  title = {Flood Mitigation in Mediterranean Coastal Regions: Problems, Solutions, and Stakeholder Involvement},
  author = {Ciampa, Francesca and Seifollahi-Aghmiuni, Samaneh and Kalantari, Zahra and Santos Ferreira, Carla Sofia},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Sustainability},
  volume = {18},
  number = {13},
  pages = {18},
  doi = {10.3390/su131810474},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  keywords = {coastal flooding; flood mitigation measures; stakeholder engagement; mediterranean region},
  abstract = {Flooding affects Mediterranean coastal areas, with negative impacts on regional populations and ecosystems. This paper reviews the causes and consequences of coastal flooding in European Mediterranean countries, common and advanced solutions implemented to mitigate flood risk, and the importance of stakeholder involvement in developing these solutions. Climate change, intensive urbanization, tourism, deforestation, wildfires, and erosion are the main causes of coastal flooding, leading to social and economic losses, degradation of ecosystems, and water and soil contamination due to saltwater intrusion. Various measures for mitigating urban coastal flooding have been implemented, including coastal barriers, infrastructural drainage systems, wetlands, and mobile dams. Development and implementation of such solutions should be performed in close collaboration with stakeholders, but their current engagement at the coordination and/or decision-making level does not allow full integration of local knowledge in flood mitigation projects. Various processes are used to engage stakeholders in coastal flood mitigation, but participatory approaches are required to integrate their perspectives into performance analysis of potential solutions. Such approaches would allow a balance to be reached between nature conservation, market forces, stakeholder needs, and decision-makers' priorities, resulting in development of innovative and sustainable mitigation solutions to enhance urban resilience to coastal flooding.},
  issn = {2071-1050}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_polpanichornuma_2022,
  title = {Leveraging Multi-Source Data and Digital Technology to Support the Monitoring of Localized Water Changes in the Mekong Region},
  author = {Polpanich, Orn-Uma and Bhatpuria, Dhyey and Santos Santos, Tania Fernanda and Krittasudthacheewa, Chayanis},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Sustainability},
  volume = {3},
  number = {14},
  pages = {3},
  doi = {10.3390/su14031739},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI},
  keywords = {drought; localized water; monitoring system; sdgs; lower mekong basin; web data scraping; google earth engine; chi river basin},
  abstract = {The limited availability of high-resolution monitoring systems for the drought phenomena and water dynamics affected by weather anomalies hinders policy decisions in a multitude of ways. This paper introduces the availability of the high-resolution Water Monitoring System (WMS) developed from a mix of sophisticated multi-spectral satellite imageries, analytic and data sciences, and cloud computing, for monitoring the changes in water levels and vegetation water stress at the local scale. The WMS was tested in the Lower Mekong Region (LMR) case basin, Thailand's Chi River Basin, in the period from January 2021 to April 2021, the dry season. The overall quality of the VHI, VCI, TCI, and NDVI drought simulation results showed a statistically positive Pearson correlation with the reservoir and dam water volume data (ranged between 0.399 and 0.575) but demonstrated a strong negative correlation with the groundwater level data (between -0.355 and -0.504). Further investigation and more detailed analysis of the influence of different physical environmental conditions related to change in groundwater level should be considered to increase scientific knowledge and understanding about the changing nature of the local system from local perspectives with the alternative use of drought indices in data-poor areas. Our result suggests that the WMS can provide quantitative spatiotemporal variations of localized and contextualized surface water changes as a preliminary analysis. The WMS results can offer guidance for finding a better smaller unit management that suits the local conditions, such as water resource management, disaster risk reduction measures (i.e., drought and flood), irrigation practice, land use planning, and crop management. The existing WMS is geared toward the early warning of water and agricultural development, progress on the SDGs, utilization of digital innovation, and improved abilities of decision-makers to monitor and foresee extreme weather events earlier and with high spatial accuracy.},
  issn = {2071-1050}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bernellogiacomo_2022,
  title = {People’s Perception of Nature-Based Solutions for Flood Mitigation: The Case of Veneto Region (Italy)},
  author = {Bernello, Giacomo and Mondino, Elena and Bortolini, Lucia},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Sustainability},
  volume = {8},
  number = {14},
  pages = {8},
  doi = {10.3390/su14084621},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI},
  keywords = {natural resources and sustainable development; naturresurser och hållbar utveckling},
  abstract = {Floods have become more frequent due to a growing number of extreme rainfall events linked to climate change and increased urbanization. Additionally, 66% of the world’s population is expected to live in urban areas by 2050, making flood prevention and risk reduction increasingly important. Sustainability, resilience and ecosystem services are essential to increase human well-being in urban environments. Nature-based Solutions (NBS) can provide all the benefits of urban green spaces combined with flood mitigation. This work aims to provide useful information to promote the adoption of NBS to build communities resilient to climate change by exploring how people’s perception of and willingness to implement some NBS. To this end, an online survey was conducted to investigate the knowledge and the perception of NBS and grey infrastructures among people in Veneto, a north-Eastern region of Italy. Data analysis revealed a significant correlation between previous knowledge of water management systems and the perceived effectiveness of some NBS. Behaviors linked to the level of connection with the territory have also been found to influence the perceived effectiveness of NBS. This study provides insights into the dynamics behind the implementation of NBS to reduce the risk of urban flooding and can help policymakers adapt urban plans to promote the adoption of NBS.},
  issn = {2071-1050}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_wentianfu_2025,
  title = {Integrated Model for Simulation and Regulation of Basin Water Resources Considering Water Quantity and Quality and Its Application},
  author = {Wen, Tianfu and You, Jinjun and Zhang, Linus and Zhao, Nanfang and Ma, Zhenzhen and Liu, Xin},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Sustainability},
  volume = {8},
  number = {17},
  pages = {28--28},
  doi = {10.3390/su17083508},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  abstract = {With the rapid process of urbanization, water conflicts between different water use industries and areas are increasing. Therefore, China has implemented the three-cordons system of water resources management since 2012, when how to make more reasonable regulation of water resources became an urgent problem in most areas of China. In this study, taking the Yuanhe River Basin as an example, an integrated model for the simulation and regulation of water resources considering water quantity and quality from a river basin perspective was proposed, where the water supply was constrained by requirements of water resources management. First, the water resources system was conceptualized into a topologically hydraulic network in the form of point, line, and area elements, including 80 water use units and 79 water supply units. Then, taking the water quantity and quality as constraint conditions in the water supply for corresponding water use sectors, a management-oriented integrated model was established, which highlights the cordon control of the total water use and the pollution load limits of a basin. Finally, through a model simulation, the total water supply was controlled by regulating the water resources, while the pollutant loads into rivers depended on the discharge of water users. Based on the model, strategies for the utilization of water resources and achieving emission reductions of pollution loads were provided. The results of the proposed model in the Yuanhe River Basin showed that benchmarked against the total water demand of 1.705 billion m3, the water shortage was 212 million m3 with a rate of 13.5%, and the loads of COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and NH3-N (Ammonia Nitrogen) were 29,096.7 and 2587.3 tons, respectively. The model can provide support for integrated water resources regulation in other basins or regions through a simulation of the natural–social water resources systems, and help stakeholders and decision-makers establish and implement advantageous strategies for regional efficient utilization of water resources.},
  issn = {2071-1050}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ridolfielena_2018,
  title = {Water level measurements from drones: A Pilot case study at a dam site},
  author = {Ridolfi, Elena and Manciola, Piergiorgio},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Water},
  volume = {3},
  number = {10},
  pages = {3},
  doi = {10.3390/w10030297},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {MDPI, St. Alban-Anlage 66, 4052 Basel, Switzerland : MDPI},
  keywords = {hydrology; hydrologi},
  abstract = {Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are now filling in the gaps between spaceborne and ground-based observations and enhancing the spatial resolution and temporal coverage of data acquisition. In the realm of hydrological observations, UAVs play a key role in quantitatively characterizing the surface flow, allowing for remotely accessing the water body of interest. In this paper, we propose a technology that uses a sensing platform encompassing a drone and a camera to determine the water level. The images acquired by means of the sensing platform are then analyzed using the Canny method to detect the edges of water level and of Ground Control Points (GCPs) used as reference points. The water level is then retrieved from images and compared to a benchmark value obtained by a traditional device. The method is tested at four locations in an artificial lake in central Italy. Results are encouraging, as the overall mean error between estimated and true water level values is around 0.05 m. This technology is well suited to improve hydraulic modeling and thus provides reliable support to flood mitigation strategies.},
  issn = {2073-4441}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_naghibiseyedamir_2018,
  title = {Groundwater augmentation through the site selection of floodwater spreading using a data mining approach (case study: Mashhad Plain, Iran)},
  author = {Naghibi, Seyed Amir and Vafakhah, Mehdi and Hashemi, Hossein and Pradhan, Biswajeet and Alavi, Seyed Jalil},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Water},
  volume = {10},
  number = {10},
  pages = {10},
  doi = {10.3390/w10101405},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  abstract = {It is a well-known fact that sustainable development goals are difficult to achieve without a proper water resources management strategy. This study tries to implement some state-of-the-art statistical and data mining models i.e., weights-of-evidence (WoE), boosted regression trees (BRT), and classification and regression tree (CART) to identify suitable areas for artificial recharge through floodwater spreading (FWS). At first, suitable areas for the FWS project were identified in a basin in north-eastern Iran based on the national guidelines and a literature survey. Using the same methodology, an identical number of FWS unsuitable areas were also determined. Afterward, a set of different FWS conditioning factors were selected for modeling FWS suitability. The models were applied using 70% of the suitable and unsuitable locations and validated with the rest of the input data (i.e., 30%). Finally, a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was plotted to compare the produced FWS suitability maps. The findings depicted acceptable performance of the BRT, CART, and WoE for FWS suitability mapping with an area under the ROC curves of 92, 87.5, and 81.6%, respectively. Among the considered variables, transmissivity, distance from rivers, aquifer thickness, and electrical conductivity were determined as the most important contributors in the modeling. FWS suitability maps produced by the proposed method in this study could be used as a guideline for water resource managers to control flood damage and obtain new sources of groundwater. This methodology could be easily replicated to produce FWS suitability maps in other regions with similar hydrogeological conditions.},
  issn = {2073-4441}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_xieqiancheng_2018,
  title = {Understanding morphodynamic changes of a tidal river confluence through field measurements and numerical modeling},
  author = {Xie, Qiancheng and Yang, James and Lundström, Staffan and Dai, W.},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Water},
  volume = {10},
  number = {10},
  pages = {10},
  doi = {10.3390/w10101424},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  keywords = {field measurements; flow features; morphological changes; numerical simulations; tidal river confluence; computer simulation; floods; flow velocity; numerical models; sedimentation; shear flow; shear stress; tides; field measurement; natural components; sediment concentration; suspended load deposition; tidal river; two-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling; rivers; strömningslära},
  abstract = {A confluence is a natural component in river and channel networks. This study deals, through field and numerical studies, with alluvial behaviors of a confluence affected by both river run-offand strong tides. Field measurements were conducted along the rivers including the confluence. Field data show that the changes in flow velocity and sediment concentration are not always in phase with each other. The concentration shows a general trend of decrease from the river mouth to the confluence. For a given location, the tides affect both the sediment concentration and transport. A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of suspended load was set up to illustrate the combined effects of run-offand tidal flows. Modeled cases included the flood and ebb tides in a wet season. Typical features examined included tidal flow fields, bed shear stress, and scour evolution in the confluence. The confluence migration pattern of scour is dependent on the interaction between the river currents and tidal flows. The flood tides are attributable to the suspended load deposition in the confluence, while the ebb tides in combination with run-offs lead to erosion. The flood tides play a dominant role in the morphodynamic changes of the confluence.},
  issn = {2073-4441}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_maghsoodfatemehfadia_2019,
  title = {Climate change impact on flood frequency and source area in northern Iran under CMIP5 scenarios},
  author = {Maghsood, Fatemeh Fadia and Moradi, Hamidreza and Bavani, Ali Reza Massah and Panahi, Mostafa and Berndtsson, Ronny and Hashemi, Hossein},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Water},
  volume = {2},
  number = {11},
  pages = {2},
  doi = {10.3390/w11020273},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  abstract = {This study assessed the impact of climate change on flood frequency and flood source area at basin scale considering Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 General Circulation Models (CMIP5 GCMs) under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios (2.6 and 8.5). For this purpose, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model was calibrated and validated for the Talar River Basin in northern Iran. Four empirical approaches including the Sangal, Fill-Steiner, Fuller, and Slope-based methods were used to estimate the Instantaneous Peak Flow (IPF) on a daily basis. The calibrated SWAT model was run under the two RCP scenarios using a combination of twenty GCMs from CMIP5 for the near future (2020-40). To assess the impact of climate change on flood frequency pattern and to quantify the contribution of each subbasin on the total discharge from the Talar River Basin, Flood Frequency Index (FFI) and Subbasin Flood Source Area Index (SFSAI) were used. Results revealed that the projected climate change will likely lead to an average discharge decrease in January, February, and March for both RCPs and an increase in September and October for RCP 8.5. The maximum and minimum temperature will likely increase for all months in the near future. The annual precipitation could increase by more than 20% in the near future. This is likely to lead to an increase of IPF. The results can help managers and policy makers to better define mitigation and adaptation strategies for basins in similar climates.},
  issn = {2073-4441}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_palominongelsebastin_2019,
  title = {Analysis of Floodplain Dynamics in the Atrato River Colombia Using SAR Interferometry},
  author = {Palomino-Ángel, Sebastián and Anaya-Acevedo, Jesús A. and Simard, Marc and Liao, Tien-Hao and Jaramillo, Fernando},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Water},
  volume = {5},
  number = {11},
  pages = {5},
  doi = {10.3390/w11050875},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  keywords = {dinsar; surface water flows; hydrological connectivity; wetlands; water level change},
  abstract = {Floodplain water flows have large volumetric flowrates and high complexity in space and time that are difficult to understand using water level gauges. We here analyze the spatial and temporal fluctuations of surface water flows in the floodplain of the Atrato River, Colombia, in order to evaluate their hydrological connectivity. The basin is one of the rainiest areas of the world with wetland ecosystems threatened by the expansion of agriculture and mining activities. We used 16 Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radars (DInSAR) phase observations from the ALOS-PALSAR L-band instrument acquired between 2008-2010 to characterize the flow of surface water. We were able to observe water level change in vegetated wetland areas and identify flooding patterns. In the lower basin, flow patterns are conditioned by fluctuations in the levels of the main river channel, whereas in the middle basin, topography and superficial channels strongly influence the flow and connectivity. We found that the variations in water level in a station on the main channel 87 km upstream explained more than 56% of the variations in water level in the floodplain. This result shows that, despite current expansion of agriculture and mining activities, there remain significant hydrological connectivity between wetlands and the Atrato River. This study demonstrates the use of DInSAR for a spatially comprehensive monitoring of the Atrato River basin hydrology. For the first time, we identified the spatiotemporal patterns of surface water flow of the region. We recommend these observations serve as a baseline to monitor the potential impact of ongoing human activities on surface water flows across the Atrato River basin.},
  issn = {2073-4441}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ridolfielena_2019_1,
  title = {Coping with Extreme Events: Effect of Different Reservoir Operation Strategies on Flood Inundation Maps},
  author = {Ridolfi, Elena and Di Francesco, Silvia and Pandolfo, Claudia and Berni, Nicola and Biscarini, Chiara and Manciola, Piergiorgio},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Water},
  volume = {5},
  number = {11},
  pages = {5},
  doi = {10.3390/w11050982},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI},
  keywords = {flood risk; reservoir regulation; dam retention basin; residual risk; flood inundation map; extreme events},
  abstract = {The need of addressing residual flood risk associated with structural protection measures, such as levee systems and flood-control reservoirs, has fostered actions aimed at increasing flood risk awareness. Structural measures have lowered risk perception by inducing a false sense of safety. As a result, these structures contribute to an underestimation of the residual risk. We analyze the effect of different reservoir operations, such as coping with drought versus coping with flood events, on flood inundation patterns. First, a hydrological model simulates different scenarios, which represent the dam regulation strategies. Each regulation strategy is the combination of an opening of the outlet gate and of the initial water level in the reservoir. Second, the corresponding outputs of the dam in terms of maximum discharge values are estimated. Then, in turn, each output of the dam is used as an upstream boundary condition of a hydraulic model used to simulate the flood propagation and the inundation processes in the river reach. The hydraulic model is thus used to determine the effect, in terms of inundated areas, of each dam regulation scenario. Finally, the ensemble of all flood inundation maps is built to define the areas more prone to be flooded. The test site is the Casanuova dam (Umbria, central Italy) which aims at: (i) mitigating floods occurring at the Chiascio River, one of the main tributaries of Tiber River, while (ii) providing water supply for irrigation. Because of these two competitive interests, the understanding of different scenarios generated by the dam operations offers an unique support to flood mitigation strategies. Results can lead to draw interesting remarks for a wide number of case studies.},
  issn = {2073-4441}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ferdousmdruknul_2019,
  title = {The Costs of Living with Floods in the Jamuna Floodplain in Bangladesh},
  author = {Ferdous, Md Ruknul and Wesselink, Anna and Brandimarte, Luigia and Slager, Kymo and Zwarteveen, Margreet and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Water},
  volume = {6},
  number = {11},
  pages = {6},
  doi = {10.3390/w11061238},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI},
  keywords = {flooding; erosion; coping; adaptation; jamuna river; bangladesh},
  abstract = {Bangladeshi people use multiple strategies to live with flooding events and associated riverbank erosion. They relocate, evacuate their homes temporarily, change cropping patterns, and supplement their income from migrating household members. In this way, they can reduce the negative impact of floods on their livelihoods. However, these societal responses also have negative outcomes, such as impoverishment. This research collects quantitative household data and analyzes changes of livelihood conditions over recent decades in a large floodplain area in north-west Bangladesh. It is found that while residents cope with flooding events, they do not achieve successful adaptation. With every flooding, people lose income and assets, which they can only partially recover. As such, they are getting poorer, and therefore less able to make structural adjustments that would allow adaptation in the longer term.},
  issn = {2073-4441}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_riveramonroyvictorh_2019,
  title = {Wetland Biomass and Productivity in Coastal Louisiana: Base Line Data (1976-2015) and Knowledge Gaps for the Development of Spatially Explicit Models for Ecosystem Restoration and Rehabilitation Initiatives},
  author = {Rivera-Monroy, Victor H. and Elliton, Courtney and Narra, Siddhartha and Meselhe, Ehab and Zhao, Xiaochen and White, Eric and Sasser, Charles E. and Visser, Jenneke M. and Meng, Xuelian and Wang, Hongqing and Xue, Zuo and Jaramillo, Fernando},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Water},
  volume = {10},
  number = {11},
  pages = {10},
  doi = {10.3390/w11102054},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  keywords = {wetland; productivity; biomass; coastal louisiana; delta plain; chenier plain; mississippi river; ecological models; wetland restoration},
  abstract = {Coastal Louisiana hosts 37% of the coastal wetland area in the conterminous US, including one of the deltaic coastal regions more susceptible to the synergy of human and natural impacts causing wetland loss. As a result of the construction of flood protection infrastructure, dredging of channels across wetlands for oil/gas exploration and maritime transport activities, coastal Louisiana has lost approximately 4900 km(2) of wetland area since the early 1930s. Despite the economic relevance of both wetland biomass and net primary productivity (NPP) as ecosystem services, there is a lack of vegetation simulation models to forecast the trends of those functional attributes at the landscape level as hydrological restoration projects are implemented. Here, we review the availability of peer-reviewed biomass and NPP wetland data (below and aboveground) published during the period 1976-2015 for use in the development, calibration and validation of high spatial resolution (<200 m x 200 m) vegetation process-based ecological models. We discuss and list the knowledge gaps for those species that represent vegetation community associations of ecological importance, including the long-term research issues associated to limited number of paired belowground biomass and productivity studies across hydrological basins currently undergoing different freshwater diversions management regimes and hydrological restoration priorities.},
  issn = {2073-4441}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_aryald_2020,
  title = {A Model-Based Flood Hazard Mapping on the Southern Slope of Himalaya},
  author = {Aryal, D. and Wang, L. and Adhikari, T. R. and Zhou, J. and Li, X. P. and Shrestha, M. and Wang, Y. W. and Chen, Deliang},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Water},
  volume = {2},
  number = {12},
  pages = {2},
  doi = {10.3390/w12020540},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  keywords = {flood frequency; hydrodynamic simulation; hazard mapping; risk; assessment; himalaya; hec-ras; inundation; river; gis; regression; water resources},
  abstract = {Originating from the southern slope of Himalaya, the Karnali River poses a high flood risk at downstream regions during the monsoon season (June to September). This paper presents comprehensive hazard mapping and risk assessments in the downstream region of the Karnali River basin for different return-period floods, with the aid of the HEC-RAS (Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System). The assessment was conducted on a 38 km segment of the Karnali River from Chisapani to the Nepal India border. To perform hydrodynamic simulations, a long-term time series of instantaneous peak discharge records from the Chisapani gauging station was collected. Flooding conditions representing 2-, 5-, 10-, 50-, 100-, 200-, and 1000-year return periods (YRPs) were determined using Gumbel's distribution. With an estimated peak discharge of up to 29,910 m(3)/s and the flood depths up to 23 m in the 1000-YRP, the area vulnerable to flooding in the study domain extends into regions on both the east and west banks of the Karnali River. Such flooding in agricultural land poses a high risk to food security, which directly impacts on residents' livelihoods. Furthermore, the simulated flood in 2014 (equivalent to a 100-YRP) showed a high level of impact on physical infrastructure, affecting 51 schools, 14 health facilities, 2 bus-stops, and an airport. A total of 132 km of rural urban roads and 22 km of highways were inundated during the flood. In summary, this study can support in future planning and decision-making for improved water resources management and development of flood control plans on the southern slope of Himalaya.},
  issn = {2073-4441}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_davtalabrahman_2020,
  title = {Sea Level Rise Effect on Groundwater Rise and Stormwater Retention Pond Reliability},
  author = {Davtalab, Rahman and Mirchi, Ali and Harris, Rebecca J. and Troilo, Mark X. and Madani, Kaveh},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Water},
  volume = {4},
  number = {12},
  pages = {4},
  doi = {10.3390/w12041129},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  keywords = {sea level rise; groundwater; retention pond; reliability; florida},
  abstract = {The coastal areas of Florida, United States, are exposed to increasing risk of flooding due to sea level rise as well as severe hurricanes. Florida regulations suggest constructing stormwater retention ponds as an option to retain excess runoff generated by the increased impervious area and to protect the environment by reducing pollutants from new developments. Groundwater level rise can significantly lower the soil storage capacity and infiltration at retention ponds, in turn, reducing the pond's capacity to capture consecutive storms due to longer pond volume recovery time. Partial groundwater inundation can affect retention ponds' ability to decrease peak flow rates and keep the post-development outflow lower than or equal to pre-development conditions. In this paper, the reliability and performance of a retention pond near Tampa Bay, Florida, was evaluated under sea level rise conditions. An integrated surface water and groundwater model was developed, and the groundwater table was projected for future conditions as a function of sea level rise. The results showed that sea level rise could increase the seasonal high water elevation of the retention pond up to 40 cm by mid-21st century. This increase lowered the reliability of the retention pond by about 45%. The pond failed to recover the designed treatment volume within required 72 h because of the high groundwater table, increasing the risk of pollutant discharge. Furthermore, the peak flow and volume of runoff significantly increased under sea level rise and associated groundwater table rise conditions. The study results suggest that it is imperative to consider future sea level rise conditions in stormwater design in low-lying coastal areas of Florida and around the world to prevent poor pond performance and increased risk of flooding in the future.},
  issn = {2073-4441}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_albertinicinzia_2020,
  title = {Socio-Hydrological Modelling: The Influence of Reservoir Management and Societal Responses on Flood Impacts},
  author = {Albertini, Cinzia and Mazzoleni, Maurizio and Totaro, Vincenzo and Iacobellis, Vito and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Water},
  volume = {5},
  number = {12},
  pages = {5},
  doi = {10.3390/w12051384},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  keywords = {socio-hydrological modelling; reservoir management; societal responses; human-flood interactions},
  abstract = {Over the last few years, several socio-hydrological studies have investigated the risk dynamics generated by the complex interactions between floods and societies, with a focus on either changing reservoir operation rules or raising levees. In this study, we propose a new socio-hydrological model of human-flood interactions that represents both changes in the reservoir management strategies and updating of the levee system. Our model is applied to simulate three prototypes of floodplain management strategies to cope with flood risk: green systems, in which societies resettle outside the flood-prone area; technological systems, in which societies implement structural measures, such as levees; and green-to-techno systems, in which societies shift from green to technological approaches. Floodplain dynamics are explored simulating possible future scenarios in the city of Brisbane, Australia. Results show that flood risk is strongly influenced by changes in flood and drought memory of reservoir operators, while risk-awareness levels shape the urbanisation of floodplains. Furthermore, scenarios of more frequent and higher magnitude events prove to enhance social flood memory in green systems, while technological systems experience much higher losses. Interestingly, green-to-techno systems may also evolve toward green floodplain management systems in response to large losses and technical/economical unfeasibility of larger structural measures.},
  issn = {2073-4441}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mondinoelena_2020,
  title = {The Role of Experience and Different Sources of Knowledge in Shaping Flood Risk Awareness},
  author = {Mondino, Elena and Scolobig, Anna and Borga, Marco and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Water},
  volume = {8},
  number = {12},
  pages = {8},
  doi = {10.3390/w12082130},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  keywords = {flooding; natural hazards; risk awareness; sociohydrology},
  abstract = {Understanding what makes people vulnerable to flooding is key in informing the risk management process. Non-structural measures, such as risk communication, can reduce vulnerability by improving flood risk awareness, but they require a deep understanding of which factors influence risk awareness, and how. We analysed and untangled the role of experience with, and knowledge of, floods by conducting a survey in a municipality in North-eastern Italy that was hit by a flash flood in 2018. The results show that previous experience with floods influences risk awareness not only directly, but also indirectly through the knowledge that was gained from that experience. In addition, specific (as opposed to generic) definitions of experience have been found to be better suited for exploring their effects on risk awareness. Based on the literature and on our results, we propose an experience-knowledge typology to help unravel the complex role that these two variables play in shaping flood risk awareness.},
  issn = {2073-4441}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kasimovnikolay_2020,
  title = {River Water Quality of the Selenga-Baikal Basin: Part II-Metal Partitioning under Different Hydroclimatic Conditions},
  author = {Kasimov, Nikolay and Shinkareva, Galina and Lychagin, Mikhail and Chalov, Sergey and Pashkina, Margarita and Thorslund, Josefin and Jarsjö, Jerker},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Water},
  volume = {9},
  number = {12},
  pages = {9},
  doi = {10.3390/w12092392},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  keywords = {metal partitioning; the selenga river basin; lake baikal; water pollution; aquatic geochemistry},
  abstract = {The partitioning of metals and metalloids between their dissolved and suspended forms in river systems largely governs their mobility and bioavailability. However, most of the existing knowledge about catchment-scale metal partitioning in river systems is based on a limited number of observation points, which is not sufficient to characterize the complexity of large river systems. Here we present an extensive field-based dataset, composed of multi-year data from over 100 monitoring locations distributed over the large, transboundary Selenga River basin (of Russia and Mongolia), sampled during different hydrological seasons. The aim is to investigate on the basin scale, the influence of different hydroclimatic conditions on metal partitioning and transport. Our results showed that the investigated metals exhibited a wide range of different behaviors. Some metals were mostly found in the dissolved form (84-96% of Mo, U, B, and Sb on an average), whereas many others predominantly existed in suspension (66-87% of Al, Fe, Mn, Pb, Co, and Bi). Nevertheless, our results also showed a consistently increasing share of metals in dissolved form as the metals were transported to the downstream parts of the basin, closer to the Lake Baikal. Under high discharge conditions (including floods), metal transport by suspended particulate matter was significantly greater (about 2-6 times). However, since high and low water conditions could prevail simultaneously at a given point of time within the large river basin, e.g., as a result of on-going flood propagation, snap-shot observations of metal partitioning demonstrated contrasting patterns with domination of both particulate and dissolved phases in different parts of the basin. Such heterogeneity of metal partitioning is likely to be found in many large river systems. These results point out the importance of looking into different hydroclimatic conditions across space and time, both for management purposes and contaminant modeling efforts at the basin scale.},
  issn = {2073-4441}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ferreiracarlass_2020,
  title = {Effectiveness of Nature-Based Solutions in Mitigating Flood Hazard in a Mediterranean Peri-Urban Catchment},
  author = {Ferreira, Carla S. S. and Mourato, Sandra and Kasanin-Grubin, Milica and Ferreira, António J. D. and Destouni, Georgia and Kalantari, Zahra},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Water},
  volume = {10},
  number = {12},
  pages = {10},
  doi = {10.3390/w12102893},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  keywords = {flood hazard; nature-based solutions; hec hms model; hec ras model; peri-urban catchment; mediterranean},
  abstract = {Urbanization alters natural hydrological processes and enhances runoff, which affects flood hazard. Interest in nature-based solutions (NBS) for sustainable mitigation and adaptation to urban floods is growing, but the magnitudes of NBS effects are still poorly investigated. This study explores the potential of NBS for flood hazard mitigation in a small peri-urban catchment in central Portugal, prone to flash floods driven by urbanization and short but intense rainfall events typical of the Mediterranean region. Flood extent and flood depth are assessed by manually coupling the hydrologic HEC-HMS and hydraulic HEC-RAS models. The coupled model was run for single rainfall events with recurrence periods of 10-, 20-, 50-, and 100-years, considering four simulation scenarios: current conditions (without NBS), and with an upslope NBS, a downslope NBS, and a combination of both. The model-simulation approach provides good estimates of flood magnitude (NSE = 0.91, RMSE = 0.08, MAE = 0.07, R-2 = 0.93), and shows that diverting streamflow into abandoned fields has positive impacts in mitigating downslope flood hazard. The implementation of an upslope NBS can decrease the water depth at the catchment outlet by 0.02 m, whereas a downslope NBS can reduce it from 0.10 m to 0.23 m for increasing return periods. Combined upslope and downslope NBS have a marginal additional impact in reducing water depth, ranging from 0.11 m to 0.24 m for 10- and 100-year floods. Decreases in water depth provided by NBS are useful in flood mitigation and adaptation within the peri-urban catchment. A network of NBS, rather than small isolated strategies, needs to be created for efficient flood-risk management at a larger scale.},
  issn = {2073-4441}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_akhterfiroza_2021,
  title = {Analysis of 220 Years of Floodplain Population Dynamics in the US at Different Spatial Scales},
  author = {Akhter, Firoza and Mazzoleni, Maurizio and Brandimarte, Luigia},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Water},
  volume = {2},
  number = {13},
  pages = {2},
  doi = {10.3390/w13020141},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI},
  keywords = {floodplains; human dynamics; flood damage; flood insurance; learning effect},
  abstract = {In this study, we explore the long-term trends of floodplain population dynamics at different spatial scales in the contiguous United States (U.S.). We exploit different types of datasets from 1790-2010-i.e., decadal spatial distribution for the population density in the US, global floodplains dataset, large-scale data of flood occurrence and damage, and structural and nonstructural flood protection measures for the US. At the national level, we found that the population initially settled down within the floodplains and then spread across its territory over time. At the state level, we observed that flood damages and national protection measures might have contributed to a learning effect, which in turn, shaped the floodplain population dynamics over time. Finally, at the county level, other socio-economic factors such as local flood insurances, economic activities, and socio-political context may predominantly influence the dynamics. Our study shows that different influencing factors affect floodplain population dynamics at different spatial scales. These facts are crucial for a reliable development and implementation of flood risk management planning.},
  issn = {2073-4441}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_wuyanjuan_2021,
  title = {Using integrated hydrological models to assess the impacts of climate change on discharges and extreme flood events in the upper yangtze river basin},
  author = {Wu, Yanjuan and Luo, Gang and Chen, Cai and Duan, Zheng and Gao, Chao},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Water},
  volume = {3},
  number = {13},
  pages = {17--17},
  doi = {10.3390/w13030299},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  abstract = {Amongst the impacts of climate change, those arising from extreme hydrological events are expected to cause the greatest impacts. To assess the changes in temperature and precipitation and their impacts on the discharge in the upper Yangtze Basin from pre-industrial to the end of 21st century, four hydrological models were integrated with four global climate models. Results indicated that mean discharge was simulated to increase slightly for all hydrological models forced by all global climate models during 1771–1800 and 1871–1900 relative to the 1971–2000 reference period, whereas the change directions in mean discharge were not consistent among the four global climate models during 2070–2099, with increases from HadGEM2-ES and MIROC5, and decreases from GFDL-ESM2M and IPSL-CM5A-LR. Additionally, our results indicated that decreases in precipitation may always result in the decrease in mean discharge, but increases in precipitation did not always lead to increases in discharge due to high temperature rise. The changes in extreme flood events with different return intervals were also explored. These extreme events were projected to become more intense and frequent in the future, which could have potential devastating impacts on the society and ecosystem in this region.},
  issn = {2073-4441}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_masondavidc_2021,
  title = {Improving Urban Flood Mapping by Merging Synthetic Aperture Radar-Derived Flood Footprints with Flood Hazard Maps},
  author = {Mason, David C. and Bevington, John and Dance, Sarah L. and Revilla-Romero, Beatriz and Smith, Richard and Vetra-Carvalho, Sanita and Cloke, Hannah L.},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Water},
  volume = {11},
  number = {13},
  pages = {11},
  doi = {10.3390/w13111577},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI},
  keywords = {image processing; hydrology; synthetic aperture radar},
  abstract = {Remotely sensed flood extents obtained in near real-time can be used for emergency flood incident management and as observations for assimilation into flood forecasting models. High-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors have the potential to detect flood extents in urban areas through clouds during both day- and night-time. This paper considers a method for detecting flooding in urban areas by merging near real-time SAR flood extents with model-derived flood hazard maps. This allows a two-way symbiosis, whereby currently available SAR urban flood extent improves future model flood predictions, while flood hazard maps obtained after the SAR overpasses improve the SAR estimate of urban flood extents. The method estimates urban flooding using SAR backscatter only in rural areas adjacent to urban ones. It was compared to an existing method using SAR returns in both rural and urban areas. The method using SAR solely in rural areas gave an average flood detection accuracy of 94% and a false positive rate of 9% in the urban areas and was more accurate than the existing method.},
  issn = {2073-4441}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hallincaroline_2021,
  title = {A comparative study of the effects of the 1872 storm and coastal flood risk management in denmark, germany, and sweden},
  author = {Hallin, Caroline and Hofstede, Jacobus L.A. and Martinez, Grit and Jensen, Jürgen and Baron, Nina and Heimann, Thorsten and Kroon, Aart and Arns, Arne and Almström, Björn and Sørensen, Per and Larson, Magnus},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Water},
  volume = {12},
  number = {13},
  pages = {12},
  doi = {10.3390/w13121697},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  abstract = {From November 12th to 13th in 1872, an extreme coastal flood event occurred in the south Baltic Sea. An unusual combination of winds created a storm surge reaching up to 3.5 m above mean sea level, which is more than a meter higher than all other observations over the past 200 years. On the Danish, German, and Swedish coasts, about 300 people lost their lives. The consequences of the storm in Denmark and Germany were more severe than in Sweden, with significantly larger destruction and higher numbers of casualties. In Denmark and Germany, the 1872 storm has been more extensively documented and remembered and still influences local and regional risk awareness. A comparative study indicates that the collective memory of the 1872 storm is related to the background knowledge about floods, the damage extent, and the response to the storm. Flood marks and dikes help to remember the events. In general, coastal flood defence is to the largest degree implemented in the affected areas in Germany, followed by Denmark, and is almost absent in Sweden, corresponding to the extent of the collective memory of the 1872 storm. Within the affected countries, there is local variability of flood risk awareness associated with the collective memory of the storm. Also, the economic dependency on flood-prone areas and conflicting interests with the tourism industry have influence on flood protection decisions. The processes of climate change adaptation and implementation of the EU Floods Directive are slowly removing these differences in flood risk management approaches.},
  issn = {2073-4441}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ohlinsalettianna_2021,
  title = {Framework for Risk-Based Decision Support on Infiltration and Inflow to Wastewater Systems},
  author = {Ohlin Saletti, Anna and Rosen, Lars and Lindhe, Andreas},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Water (Switzerland)},
  volume = {17},
  number = {13},
  pages = {17},
  doi = {10.3390/w13172320},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  keywords = {i/i; decision support; wastewater; infiltration; risk assessment; inflow},
  abstract = {Infiltration and inflow (I/I) to wastewater systems cause e.g., flooding, pollution, and the unnecessary use of the limited resources in society. Due to climate change and an increased need for the renewal of piping systems, making the right decisions on how to handle I/I is more important than ever. This paper presents a novel framework for risk-based decision support on I/I based on established theories on risk assessment and decision-making. The framework is presented on a general level and suggests that uncertainties are included in the decision-making process, together with criteria representing the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of sustainability. Published models on I/I and decision support are evaluated based on criteria from the framework showing that (1) the models rarely include risk-based decision-making or uncertainties in the analyses and that (2) most models only include project-internal financial aspects, excluding social and environmental, as well as project-external aspects, of I/I and I/I measures. A need for further research to develop a more holistic decision support model for I/I is identified, and it is concluded that the application of the proposed framework can contribute to more sustainable decisions on how to handle I/I and provide transparency to the process.},
  issn = {2073-4441}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_randrupthomas_2022,
  title = {Willingness to Pay for the Maintenance of Green Infrastructure in Six Chinese Pilot Sponge Cities},
  author = {Randrup, Thomas},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Water},
  number = {14},
  pages = {14},
  doi = {10.3390/w14030428},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  abstract = {Due to the increasingly devastating impact of pluvial flooding on human beings' lives and properties in cities, the use of green infrastructure to manage stormwater onsite is becoming more popular worldwide. The maintenance of green infrastructure to ensure its function has become one of the most pressing tasks facing policy makers. However, there is limited research regarding the willingness to pay the stormwater fee as a form of maintenance funding. This study utilized contingent valuation data obtained from a survey of 1101 respondents living in six pilot sponge cities in China to estimate the willingness to pay for the green infrastructure maintenance. The findings indicated that two-thirds of all respondents were willing to pay, 17% would like to pay around 6-10 RMB/month (0.95-1.59 US dollars/month), and 17.8% would like to pay more than 20 RMB/month (3.2 US dollars/month). The educational level and age of the respondents were significant determinants of the probability of willingness to pay and the amount they would like to pay. Knowledge of the concept of sponge cities was another significant influencing factor for the willingness to pay, but it did not influence the amount of payment. The findings could help policy makers make better strategies regarding the maintenance of green infrastructure and its costs.},
  issn = {2073-4441}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bakhtaraydin_2022,
  title = {Spatio-Temporal Evaluation of GPM-IMERGV6.0 Final Run Precipitation Product in Capturing Extreme Precipitation Events across Iran},
  author = {Bakhtar, Aydin and Rahmati, Akbar and Shayeghi, Afshin and Teymoori, Javad and Ghajarnia, Navid and Saemian, Peyman},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Water},
  volume = {10},
  number = {14},
  pages = {10},
  doi = {10.3390/w14101650},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  keywords = {climate change; extreme precipitation indices; global precipitation products; gpm-imerg},
  abstract = {Extreme precipitation events such as floods and droughts have occurred with higher frequency over the recent decades as a result of the climate change and anthropogenic activities. To understand and mitigate such events, it is crucial to investigate their spatio-temporal variations globally or regionally. Global precipitation products provide an alternative way to the in situ observations over such a region. In this study, we have evaluated the performance of the latest version of the Global Precipitation Measurement-Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals (GPM-IMERGV6.0 Final Run (GPM-IMERGF)). To this end, we have employed ten most common extreme precipitation indices, including maximum indices (Rx1day, Rx5day, CDD, and CWD), percentile indices (R95pTOT and R99pTOT), and absolute threshold indices (R10mm, R20mm, SDII, and PRCPTOT). Overall, the spatial distribution results for error metrics showed that the highest and lowest accuracy for GPM-IMERGF were reported for the absolute threshold indices and percentile indices, respectively. Considering the spatial distribution of the results, the highest accuracy of GPM-IMERGF in capturing extreme precipitations was observed over the western highlands, while the worst results were obtained along the Caspian Sea regions. Our analysis can significantly contribute to various hydro-metrological applications for the study region, including identifying drought and flood-prone areas and water resources planning.},
  issn = {2073-4441}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_sunxiaolin_2023,
  title = {Flood Risk Assessment Based on Hydrodynamic Model—A Case of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor},
  author = {Sun, Xiaolin and Jin, Ke and Tao, Hui and Duan, Zheng and Gao, Chao},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Water (Switzerland)},
  volume = {24},
  number = {15},
  pages = {24},
  doi = {10.3390/w15244295},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  abstract = {Under global warming, flooding has become one of the most destructive natural disasters along the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), which significantly jeopardizes the construction and ongoing stability of the CPEC. The assessment of regional flood potential is, therefore, crucial for effective flood prevention and relief measures. In light of this, our study applied MIKE 11 hydrodynamic model for the Indus River Basin of Pakistan to achieve a comprehensive analysis of the flood-affected locations and depths under typical scenarios. The flood risk zones along the CPEC were evaluated using the indicator system method in conjunction with the combination weighting method. The results show that the hydrodynamic model has a Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.86, allowing for the investigation of floods at more precise temporal and spatial scales. Punjab, Sindh, and Balochistan Provinces are the main inundation areas under a 100-year flood scenario, with inundation depths ranging from 1 to 4 m. The coastal regions of Sindh and Hafizabad in Punjab witnessed the most severe floods, with maximum inundation depths exceeding 8 m. Flooding predominantly impacts the southeastern region of the CPEC. The medium- to high-risk zones comprise 25.56% of the region, while high-risk areas constitute 4.18%. Particularly, the eastern and southern regions of Punjab, along with the central and southern regions of Sindh, have been pinpointed as high-risk areas, primarily due to their dense population and riverine characteristics. Overall, our findings provide a scientific basis for informed decision making pertaining to disaster reduction and flood prevention.},
  issn = {2073-4441}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_luxiangyu_2025,
  title = {Impact of Spatiotemporal Rainfall Distribution and Underlying Surface Changes on Flood Processes in Meijiang River Basin, China},
  author = {Lu, Xiangyu and Wen, Tianfu and Zhang, Linus and Zhang, Qi},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Water},
  volume = {4},
  number = {17},
  pages = {24--24},
  doi = {10.3390/w17040466},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  abstract = {This study reports on the impact of rainfall patterns and land surface changes on flood dynamics in the Meijiang River Basin, located in the upper reaches of the Ganjiang River. We formulated a range of rainfall patterns and spatial distribution scenarios and employed the MIKE SHE model to evaluate variations in flood volume, flood peak, and the timing of flood peaks. We found that under comparable areal rainfall conditions, flood volumes fluctuated by up to 6.22% among the different rainfall patterns, whereas flood peaks exhibited differences of up to 36.23%. When the rainfall center moved from upstream to downstream, both flood volume and flood peak initially increased before decreasing, with maximum values of 4.2 billion m3 and 4900 m3/s, respectively. We selected three basin scales (i.e., 10,000, 1000, and 100 km2) for comparative analysis. In the period between 1985 and 2020, the changes in land surface conditions resulted in decreases in the flood peaks of the three basins by 7.61, 11.53, and 15.79%, respectively; a reduction in the flood volumes of the three basins by 6.58, 9.60, and 10.48%, respectively; and delayed peak times by 3, 2, and 2 h, respectively. The results of this study show the significant influence exerted by rainfall patterns, the location of the rainfall centers, and the impact of changes in land surface conditions on flood processes. In particular, when the area of the basin was reduced, the influence of the underlying surface was more obvious. These results also show that flood prediction needs to consider the complex interaction of multiple factors.},
  issn = {2073-4441}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_realice_2025,
  title = {Modelling and Mapping Rapid-Onset Coastal Flooding: A Systematic Literature Review},
  author = {Re, Alice and Minola, Lorenzo and Pezzoli, Alessandro},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {WATER},
  volume = {4},
  number = {17},
  pages = {4},
  doi = {10.3390/w17040599},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  keywords = {coastal flooding; sea level rise; climate change; flood modeling; flood mapping},
  abstract = {Increases in the magnitude and frequency of extreme flood events are among the most impactful consequences of climate change. Coastal areas can potentially be affected by interactions among different flood drivers at the interface of terrestrial and marine ecosystems. At the same time, socio-economic processes of population growth and urbanization can lead to increases in local vulnerability to climate extremes in coastal areas. Within this context, research focusing on modelling and mapping rapid-onset coastal flooding is essential (a) to support flood risk management, (b) to design local climate adaptation policies and (c) to increase climate resilience of coastal communities. This systematic literature review delineates the state-of-the art of research on rapid-onset coastal flooding. It provides a comprehensive picture of the broad range of methodologies utilised to model flooding and highlights the commonly identified issues, both from a scientific standpoint and in terms of the policy implications of translating research outputs into actionable information. As flood maps represent fundamental instruments in the communication of research outcomes to support decision making and increase climate resilience, a focus on the spatial representation of coastal floods proposed in the literature is adopted in this review.},
  issn = {2073-4441}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_rajeshgudihallim_2025,
  title = {Bias Correction of Satellite-Derived Climatic Datasets for Water Balance Estimation},
  author = {Rajesh, Gudihalli M. and Prasad, Sudarshan and Singh, Sudhir Kumar and Al-Ansari, Nadhir and Salem, Ali and Mattar, Mohamed A.},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Water},
  volume = {17},
  number = {17},
  pages = {17},
  doi = {10.3390/w17172626},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI},
  keywords = {satellite derived climatic variables; bias correction; potential evapotranspiration; actual evapotranspiration; hydrological modeling; soil mechanics},
  abstract = {The satellite-derived climatic variables offer extensive spatial and temporal coverage for research; however, their inherent biases can subsequently reduce their accuracy for water balance estimate. This study evaluates the effectiveness of bias correction in improving the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) rainfall and the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) land surface temperature (LST) data and illustrates their long-term (2000–2019) hydrological assessment. The novelty lies in coupling the bias-corrected climate variables with the Thornthwaite–Mather water balance model as well as land use land cover (LULC) for improved predictive hydrological modeling. Bias correction significantly improved the agreement with ground observations, enhancing the R2 value from 0.89 to 0.96 for temperature and from 0.73 to 0.80 for rainfall, making targeted inputs ready to predict hydrological dynamics. LULC mapping showed a predominance of agricultural land (64.5%) in the area followed by settlements (20.0%), forest (7.3%), barren land (6.5%), and water bodies (1.7%), with soils being silt loam, clay loam, and clay. With these improved datasets, the model found seasonal rise in potential evapotranspiration (PET), peaking at 120.7 mm in June, with actual evapotranspiration (AET) following a similar trend. The annual water balance showed a surplus of 523.8 mm and deficit of 121.2 mm, which proves that bias correction not only enhances the reliability of satellite data but also reinforces the credibility of hydrological indicators, with a direct, positive impact on evidence-based irrigation planning and flood mitigation and drought management, especially in data-scarce regions.},
  issn = {2073-4441}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_elbasirmahmoudaabd_2025,
  title = {Developing Rainfall Spatial Distribution for Using Geostatistical Gap-Filled Terrestrial Gauge Records in the Mountainous Region of Oman},
  author = {El-Basir, Mahmoud A.Abd and Hamed, Yasser and Selim, Tarek and Berndtsson, Ronny and Helmi, Ahmed M.},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Water (Switzerland)},
  volume = {18},
  number = {17},
  pages = {18},
  doi = {10.3390/w17182695},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  abstract = {Arid mountainous regions are vulnerable to extreme hydrological events such as floods and droughts. Providing accurate and continuous rainfall records with no gaps is crucial for effective flood mitigation and water resource management in these and downstream areas. Satellite data and geospatial interpolation can be employed for this purpose and to provide continuous data series. However, it is essential to thoroughly assess these methods to avoid an increase in errors and uncertainties in the design of flood protection and water resource management systems. The current study focuses on the mountainous region in northern Oman, which covers approximately 50,000 square kilometers, accounting for 16% of Oman’s total area. The study utilizes data from 279 rain gauges spanning from 1975 to 2009, with varying annual data gaps. Due to the limited accuracy of satellite data in arid and mountainous regions, 51 geospatial interpolations were used to fill data gaps to yield maximum annual and total yearly precipitation data records. The root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (R) were used to assess the most suitable geospatial interpolation technique. The selected geospatial interpolation technique was utilized to generate the spatial distribution of annual maxima and total yearly precipitation over the study area for the period from 1975 to 2009. Furthermore, gamma, normal, and extreme value families of probability density functions (PDFs) were evaluated to fit the rain gauge gap-filled datasets. Finally, maximum annual precipitation values for return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years were generated for each rain gauge. The results show that the geostatistical interpolation techniques outperformed the deterministic interpolation techniques in generating the spatial distribution of maximum and total yearly records over the study area.},
  issn = {2073-4441}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bairdjulia_2016,
  title = {Ecosystem Perceptions in Flood Prone Areas: A Typology and Its Relationship to Preferences for Governance},
  author = {Baird, Julia and Dzyundzyak, Angela and Plummer, Ryan and Bullock, Ryan and Dupont, Diane and Jollineau, Marilyne and Kubik, Wendee and Pickering, Gary and Vasseur, Liette},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Water},
  volume = {5},
  number = {8},
  pages = {5},
  doi = {10.3390/w8050191},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  keywords = {ecosystem perception; flooding; governance; resilience},
  abstract = {A shift appears to be occurring in thinking about flooding, from a resistance-based approach to one of resilience. Accordingly, how stakeholders in flood-prone regions perceive the system and its governance are salient questions. This study queried stakeholders' internal representations of ecosystems (resistance- or resilience-based), preferences for governance actors and mechanisms for flooding, and the relationship between them in five different regions of the world. The influence of personal experience on these variables was also assessed. Most respondents aligned themselves with a resilience-based approach in relation to system connectedness and response to disturbance; however, respondents were almost evenly split between resistance- and resilience-based approaches when considering system management. Responses generally were considered to hold for other disturbances as well. There was no clear relationship between internal representations and preferences for governance actors or mechanisms. Respondents generally favoured actor combinations that included governments and mechanism combinations that included regulations and policies. Those who had personal experience with flooding tended to align themselves with a resilience-based internal representation of system management, but personal experience showed no clear relationship with governance preferences. The findings support an evolutionary perspective of flood management where emerging paradigms enhance preceding ones, and prompt a critical discussion about the universality of resilience as a framing construct.},
  issn = {2073-4441}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mbangukarenp_2016,
  title = {Water Balance and Level Change of Lake Babati, Tanzania: Sensitivity to Hydroclimatic Forcings},
  author = {Mbanguka, René P. and Lyon, Steve W. and Holmgren, Karin and Girons Lopez, Marc and Jarsjö, Jerker},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Water},
  volume = {12},
  number = {8},
  pages = {12},
  doi = {10.3390/w8120572},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: MDPI AG},
  keywords = {lake babati; water balance; lake level sensitivity; cloudiness; hydroclimatic forcings; east africa},
  abstract = {We develop and present a novel integrated water balance model that accounts for lake watergroundwater interactions, and apply it to the semi-closed freshwater Lake Babati system, Northern Tanzania, East Africa. The model was calibrated and used to evaluate the lake level sensitivity to changes in key hydro-climatic variables such as temperature, precipitation, humidity and cloudiness. The lake response to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 5 (CMIP5) output on possible future climate outcomes was evaluated, an essential basis in understanding future water security and flooding risk in the region. Results show high lake level sensitivity to cloudiness. Increased focus on cloud fraction measurement and interpretation could likely improve projections of lake levels and surface water availability. Modelled divergent results on the future (21st century) development of Lake Babati can be explained by the precipitation output variability of CMIP5 models being comparable to the precipitation change needed to drive the water balance model from lake dry-out to overflow; this condition is likely shared with many other East African lake systems. The developed methodology could be useful in investigations on change-driving processes in complex climatedrainage basinlake systems, which are needed to support sustainable water resource planning in data scarce tropical Africa.},
  issn = {2073-4441}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_outinghai_2013,
  title = {Evaluation of global climate models in simulating extreme precipitation in China},
  author = {Ou, Tinghai and Chen, Deliang and Linderholm, Hans W. and Jeong, Jee-Hoon},
  year = {2013},
  journal = {Tellus. Series A, Dynamic meteorology and oceanography},
  number = {65},
  pages = {65},
  doi = {10.3402/tellusa.v65i0.19799},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Stockholm University Press},
  keywords = {extreme precipitation; scaling effect; global climate model; cmip5; china},
  abstract = {Variations in extreme precipitation can be described by various indices. In order to evaluate a climate model’s ability to simulate extreme precipitation, gridded extreme precipitation indices from observations are needed. There are two ways to obtain gridded extreme precipitation indices from station-based observations: either through interpolation of station-based extreme indices (EISTA) or estimated from gridded precipitation datasets (EIGRID). In this work, we evaluated these two methods and compared observational extreme precipitation indices in China to those obtained from a set of widely used global climate models. Results show that the difference between the two methods is quite large; and in some cases it is even larger than the difference between model simulations and observed gridded EISTA. Based on the sensitivity of the indices to horizontal resolution, it was suggested that EIGRID is more appropriate for evaluating extreme indices simulated by models. Subsequently, historic simulations of extreme precipitation from 21 CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) global climate models were evaluated against two reanalysis datasets during 1961-2000. It was found that most models overestimate extreme precipitation in the mountain regions in western China and northern China and underestimate extreme precipitation in southern China. In eastern China, these models simulate mean extreme precipitation fairly well. Despite this bias, the temporal trend in extreme precipitation for western China is well captured by most models. However, in eastern China, the trend of extreme precipitation is poorly captured by most models, especially for the so-called southern flood and northern drought pattern. Overall, our results suggest that the dynamics of inter-decadal summer monsoon variability should be improved for better prediction of extreme precipitation by the global climate models},
  issn = {0280-6495}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_wangshiyu_2015,
  title = {Development and evaluation of a new regional coupled atmosphere-ocean model in the North Sea and Baltic Sea},
  author = {Wang, Shiyu and Dieterich, Christian and Doscher, Ralf and Höglund, Anders and Hordoir, Robinson and Meier, H. E. Markus and Samuelsson, Patrick and Schimanke, Semjon},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Tellus. Series A, Dynamic meteorology and oceanography},
  number = {67},
  pages = {67},
  doi = {10.3402/tellusa.v67.24284},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Stockholm University Press},
  keywords = {coupled atmosphere-ocean model; regional climate; north sea and baltic sea; air-sea interaction; correlation analysis; sst tendency},
  abstract = {A new regional coupled model system for the North Sea and the Baltic Sea is developed, which is composed of the regional setup of ocean model NEMO, the Rossby Centre regional climate model RCA4, the sea ice model LIM3 and the river routing model CaMa-Flood. The performance of this coupled model system is assessed using a simulation forced with ERA-Interim reanalysis data at the lateral boundaries during the period 1979-2010. Compared to observations, this coupled model system can realistically simulate the present climate. Since the active coupling area covers the North Sea and Baltic Sea only, the impact of the ocean on the atmosphere over Europe is small. However, we found some local, statistically significant impacts on surface parameters like 2m air temperature and sea surface temperature (SST). A precipitation-SST correlation analysis indicates that both coupled and uncoupled models can reproduce the air-sea relationship reasonably well. However, the coupled simulation gives slightly better correlations even when all seasons are taken into account. The seasonal correlation analysis shows that the air-sea interaction has a strong seasonal dependence. Strongest discrepancies between the coupled and the uncoupled simulations occur during summer. Due to lack of air-sea interaction, in the Baltic Sea in the uncoupled atmosphere-standalone run the correlation between precipitation and SST is too small compared to observations, whereas the coupled run is more realistic. Further, the correlation analysis between heat flux components and SST tendency suggests that the coupled model has a stronger correlation. Our analyses show that this coupled model system is stable and suitable for different climate change studies.},
  issn = {0280-6495}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_blackgillianfrances_2025,
  title = {Participatory Visual Methods and the Mobilization of Community Knowledge: Working Towards Community-Derived Disaster Risk Management in the Context of Advancing Climate Change},
  author = {Black, Gillian Frances and Petersen, Leif M. and Mpofu-Mketwa, Tsitsi Jane and Dick, Liezl and Wilson, Anna N. and Ncube, Sikhululekile and Abrams, Amber Louise and Carden, Kirsty J. and Dickie, Jennifer A. and Hamilton-Smith, Niall and Piper, Laurence and Lamb, Guy},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Journal of Participatory Research Methods},
  volume = {2},
  number = {6},
  pages = {136--167},
  doi = {10.35844/001c.129834},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Specialty Publications},
  keywords = {environmental hazards; disaster risk management; climate change adaptation strategies; community based participatory research; participatory visual methods; digital storytelling; community mapping; photovoice; mobilization of local knowledge; community and policy engagement; south africa; cape town},
  abstract = {Understanding climate-related challenges and generating effective interventions against them often lacks the knowledge of those who directly experience those challenges as a lived reality. We use the ‘Water and Fire’ project as an example of a research process undertaken to mobilize community knowledge on environmental disaster risk management. We worked with site-specific groups of community-based co-researchers who live in three marginalized areas of Cape Town that are susceptible to fire outbreaks, flooding, and water scarcity. We took a layered participatory visual methods approach, including digital storytelling, community mapping and photovoice, to differentially demonstrate how these hazards are experienced at household, neighbourhood, and community levels from the perspective of community-based co-researchers. The on-going enquiry enabled the co-researchers to illustrate and describe the biggest challenges they face and propose what they see as the most practical and promising solutions. We then facilitated a process of participatory analysis, triangulation of data and democratic decision-making amongst the co-researchers, through which they formulated a series of community-derived ‘Best Bets’ to better manage disaster risks. As part of the analysis, the co-researchers selected the stories, maps and photographs they wanted to present at stakeholder engagement events in making a case for the relevance and urgency of their Best Bets. We conclude that the participatory visual methods approach taken in the ‘Water and Fire’ project can be used as a model to strengthen the mobilization of local knowledge and further possibilities for community-derived disaster risk management in the context of advancing climate change.},
  issn = {2688-0261}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_reidhannah_2008,
  title = {Climate change impacts on Namibia's natural resources and economy},
  author = {Reid, Hannah and Sahlen, Linda and Stage, Jesper and MacGregor, James},
  year = {2008},
  journal = {Climate Policy},
  volume = {5},
  number = {8},
  pages = {452--466},
  doi = {10.3763/cpol.2008.0521},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {London : Earthscan / James & James},
  keywords = {africa; climate change; employment; environmental impact; mainstreaming; namibia; natural resources; poverty; vulnerability},
  abstract = {Climate change is likely to exacerbate the dry conditions already experienced in southern Africa. When rainfall does come, it is likely to be in bursts of greater intensity, leading to erosion and flood damage. However, these predictions have had very little influence on policy in southern African countries. Computable general equilibrium (CGE) model simulations for Namibia indicate that over 20 years, annual losses to the Namibian economy could be up to 5% of GDP, due to the impact that climate change will have on its natural resources alone. This will affect the poorest people the most, with resulting constraints on employment opportunities and declining wages, especially for unskilled labour in rural areas. Namibia must take steps to ensure that all its policies and activities are 'climate proofed' and that it has a strategy to deal with displaced farmers and farm workers. The need to mainstream climate change into policies and planning is clear, and it is the responsibility of industrialized nations, who have largely created the problem of climate change, to help Namibia and other vulnerable countries cope with climate change impacts and plan for a climate-constrained future.},
  issn = {1469-3062}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_calogiuritullia_2023,
  title = {Design and Construction of an Experimental Setup to Enhance Mineral Weathering through the Activity of Soil Organisms},
  author = {Calogiuri, Tullia and Hagens, Mathilde and Van Groenigen, Jan Willem and Corbett, Thomas and Hartmann, Jens and Hendriksen, Rick and Janssens, Iris and Janssens, Ivan A. and Dominguez, Guillermo Ledesma and Loescher, Grant and Mortier, Steven and Neubeck, Anna and Niron, Harun and Poetra, Reinaldy P. and Rieder, Lukas and Struyf, Eric and Van Tendeloo, Michiel and De Schepper, Tom and Verdonck, Tim and Vlaeminck, Siegfried E. and Vicca, Sara and Vidal, Alix},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Journal of Visualized Experiments},
  volume = {201},
  pages = {201},
  doi = {10.3791/65563},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Journal of Visualized Experiments},
  abstract = {Enhanced weathering (EW) is an emerging carbon dioxide (CO2) removal technology that can contribute to climate change mitigation. This technology relies on accelerating the natural process of mineral weathering in soils by manipulating the abiotic variables that govern this process, in particular mineral grain size and exposure to acids dissolved in water. EW mainly aims at reducing atmospheric CO2 concentrations by enhancing inorganic carbon sequestration. Until now, knowledge of EW has been mainly gained through experiments that focused on the abiotic variables known for stimulating mineral weathering, thereby neglecting the potential influence of biotic components. While bacteria, fungi, and earthworms are known to increase mineral weathering rates, the use of soil organisms in the context of EW remains underexplored. This protocol describes the design and construction of an experimental setup developed to enhance mineral weathering rates through soil organisms while concurrently controlling abiotic conditions. The setup is designed to maximize weathering rates while maintaining soil organisms' activity. It consists of a large number of columns filled with rock powder and organic material, located in a climate chamber and with water applied via a downflow irrigation system. Columns are placed above a fridge containing jerrycans to collect the leachate. Representative results demonstrate that this setup is suitable to ensure the activity of soil organisms and quantify their effect on inorganic carbon sequestration. Challenges remain in minimizing leachate losses, ensuring homogeneous ventilation through the climate chamber, and avoiding flooding of the columns. With this setup, an innovative and promising approach is proposed to enhance mineral weathering rates through the activity of soil biota and disentangle the effect of biotic and abiotic factors as drivers of EW.},
  issn = {1940-087X}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_haghighatafsharsalar_2022,
  title = {Management of urban floods based on tolerable consequences in an uncertain future},
  author = {Haghighatafshar, Salar and Becker, Per and Moddemeyer, Steve and Persson, Andreas and Sörensen, Johanna and Aspegren, Henrik and Jönsson, Karin},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Proceedings of the 39th IAHR World Congress (Granada, 2022)},
  pages = {6955--6963},
  doi = {10.3850/IAHR-39WC252171192022300},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: The International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR)},
  abstract = {Precipitation is intrinsically associated with high uncertainty, which is exacerbated exponentially over time—especially concerning climate change. However, the current design practice in urban drainage infrastructure remains firmly bound to deterministic assumptions regarding the design load. This approach is too simplified—focusing only on the return period of the design event—and ignores the complexity of drainage systems, the potential changes in catchment hydrology and the at-risk valuable assets within. Therefore, the current design approach is inherently an unsustainable practice that cannot deal with extreme uncertainties associated with urban drainage and flood resilience in changing climate and society. This paper examines the current deterministic design practice and encourages a collective discussion on the need for a paradigm shift in the engineering of pluvial floods toward a risk-based design. We believe that adopting a risk-based design will partially address the uncertainty and complexity of climate and urban drainage, respectively, although a method for the new practice in a risk-based design paradigm must be developed.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_inamdeenfainaz_2024,
  title = {Assessing the Combined Risk of Fire and Flood on a National Scale for Sweden},
  author = {Inamdeen, Fainaz and Larson, Magnus},
  year = {2024},
  doi = {10.3850/iahr-hic2483430201-434},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {The International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR)},
  abstract = {Floods and wildfires are two critical hazards that impose substantial direct and indirect costs to society, including the resource needs of rescue services. Their occurrence is strongly linked to meteorological conditions, playing a fundamental role in hazard development and assessment. These hazards are notably distinguishable due to opposing weather requirements, wet conditions for floods and dry conditions for wildfires. However, certain regions are exposed to the convergence of these hazards simultaneously or in temporal proximity, demanding different levels of resources and mitigation strategies. Consequently, there is a vital need for a comprehensive combined risk assessment to enhance the effectiveness of rescue services to face such risks. This study presents an analysis for the combined risk of wildfires and floods on a national scale in Sweden over an 11-year period based on daily values on the Fire Weather Index (FWI) and river flow data, taken as proxies for the occurrence of fire and flood, respectively. The present study employed different methods to assess the joint occurrence of fire and floods including simultaneous plots of FWI and flow time series, scatter plots with risk categorization, and index plots combining standardized FWI and flow, offering both qualitative and quantitative insights into combined risk assessment.}
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_sdaofrancesco_2012,
  title = {A GIS implementation of a model of systemic vulnerability assessment in urbanized areas exposed to combined risk of landslide and flood},
  author = {Sdao, Francesco and Sivertun, Åke and Sole, Aurelia and Albano, Raffaele and Pascale, Stefania and Giosa, Luciana},
  year = {2012},
  journal = {Geographic Information Analysis for Sustainable Development and Economic Planning},
  doi = {10.4018/978-1-4666-1924-1},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: IGI Global},
  keywords = {gis model of systemic vulnerability assessment; urbanized areas; combined risk of landslide and flood.; military technology; försvarssystem}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_milanmanuela_2016_1,
  title = {Combining sediment Cladocera remains and geochemistry to reveal the role of a large catchment in driving changes in a small subalpine lake (Lake Ledro, N-Italy)},
  author = {Milan, Manuela and Bindler, Richard and Tolotti, Monica},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Advances in Oceanography and Limnology},
  volume = {2},
  number = {7},
  pages = {220--234},
  doi = {10.4081/aiol.2016.6399},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: PAGEPress Publications},
  keywords = {bosmina morphology; cladocera; hydrological impact; paleolimnology; wavelenght-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy},
  abstract = {Sediment Cladocera remains and geochemistry were analyzed at Lake Ledro, a small subalpine lake with a large catchment area located in northern Italy. The aim of the study was to investigate human, climate and hydrological impacts on the Cladocera community and on the geochemical components during the last few centuries. A sediment core was collected from the deepest point of Lake Ledro and radiometrically dated. Cladocera remains were analyzed to track the trophic lake evolution. The core bottom section revealed the dominance of Bosminidae in concomitance with nutrient pulses entering into the lake during major flood events. The abundance of species preferring cold water temperatures confirmed the deposition of this core section during the Little Ice Age. The flood event occurred in the first half of the 19th century produced a drastic increase in littoral species, due to the development of new habitats. The decrease in Cladocera densities during the following lake stage was followed by a rapid increase in planktonic species during the nutrient enrichment after the 1960s. Statistical analyses revealed a clear response of Cladocera community to climate variability during oligotrophic periods, while no relation to temperature changes was recorded during high nutrient levels. A preliminary study on Bosminidae and Daphnidae body size and appendages length was carried out to reconstruct major changes in the lake food web. Only Bosmina spp. revealed clear body size changes: minor shifts were recorded before the 1930s in relation to the low nutrient concentrations, while the major changes occurred during the 1980s were interpreted as related to the appearance of Cladocera invertebrate predators. Geochemical components were studied using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) analysis in order to recognize the impact of the large catchment area and from the lake-level regulations on the lake hydrology. Moreover the Si:Al ratios profile confirmed the increase in lake productivity after the 1960s. Although both Cladocera and geochemical analysis indicate major changes since the 1960s, they also revealed diverse responses to common external and local forcing, thus confirming the value of a multi-proxy approach for disentangling the lake responses to different environmental stressors. Moreover, it outlined the importance of larger catchment areas on small lakes as they are to a larger extent influenced by the modifications occurring in the drainage basin.},
  issn = {1947-5721}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hiloalinasser_2019,
  title = {Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources of Dokan Dam Watershed},
  author = {Hilo, Ali Nasser and Saeed, Fouad Hussein and Al-Ansari, Nadhir},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Engineering},
  volume = {8},
  number = {11},
  pages = {464--474},
  doi = {10.4236/eng.2019.118033},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Scientific Research Publishing},
  keywords = {lesser zab; climate change; swat; watershed modeling; soil mechanics},
  abstract = {Lesser Zab is one of the most important tributaries of Tigris River. During the last few decades, the streamflow significantly decreased for long periods followed by extensive flood in short periods. This study aimed to quantify the impact of climate change on streamflow at Dokan Dam until year 2050 using SWAT model based on the scenario of medium emission (A1B) and five climate projection models. SWAT run using Climate Forecasting System Reanalysis (CFSR) was used as weather input data then calibrated and validated on monthly time step for the period from 1980 to 2013 with Nash-Sutcliff Ef- ficiency (NSE) of 0.73 and determination coefficient (R2) 0.73 for calibration processes. The data of this period is more reliable. The result indicated to a significant decrease on the projected streamflow until year 2050 with average streamflow for the six climate models of 167 m3/sec in past compared with the observed streamflow of 176.5 m3/sec for the base period (1980-2013). In addition,  the  study  shows  that most runoffs come  from Iranian  part of  the Dokan Dam Watershed with 65% of total simulated runoff. It is highly recommended  to  improve  the  efficiency  of  water  using  for  current  and  future water projects to meet the expected water shortage.},
  issn = {1947-3931}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mosimanekeotshephile_2017,
  title = {Variability in chemistry of surface and soil waters of an evapotranspiration-dominated flood-pulsed wetland: solute processing in the Okavango Delta, Botswana},
  author = {Mosimane, Keotshephile and Struyf, Eric and Gondwe, Mangaliso J. and Frings, Patrick J and van Pelt, Dimitri and Wolski, Piotr and Schoelynck, Jonas and Schaller, Jörg and Conley, Daniel J. and Murray-Hudson, Mike},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Water SA},
  volume = {1},
  number = {43},
  pages = {104--115},
  doi = {10.4314/wsa.v43i1.13},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Academy of Science of South Africa},
  keywords = {the changing earth; den föränderliga jorden},
  abstract = {Water chemistry is important for the maintenance of wetland structure and function. Interpreting ecological patterns in a wetland system therefore requires an in-depth understanding of the water chemistry of that system. We investigated the spatial distribution of chemical solutes both in soil pore water and surface water, along island-floodplain-channel hydrological gradients in seasonally and permanently inundated habitats between major regions in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Our results show that major cations (Ca, Na, Mg, and K), dissolved silica (DSi), dissolved boron (B), dissolved organic matter (DOC) and electrical conductivity increased significantly, at  p < 0.05, from the inlet of the Delta (the Panhandle) to the distal downstream reaches, suggesting the influence of evapoconcentration. Concentrations of dissolved Fe, Al, Zn, Cu, and Mn significantly decreased, at p < 0.05, from the inflow of the Delta to the distal reaches. Only Na, Mn, Fe, Al, and DOC showed significant differences, at p < 0.05, along the local floodplain-channel hydrological gradients, with higher solute concentrations in the floodplains than the channels. Solute concentrations in soil water exhibited similar distribution patterns to those in surface water, but concentrations were higher in soil water. Based on the results, we hypothesise that floodplain emergent vegetation and the channel-fringing vegetation in the Panhandle (a fault-bounded entry trough to the Delta) and the permanently inundated eco-region together influence the cycling of solutes that enter the Delta through uptake.},
  issn = {0378-4738}
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mcglynnbridget_2025,
  title = {A system perspective to flood planning combining multiple multilevel collaboration networks},
  author = {McGlynn, Bridget and Guerrero Gonzalez, Angela and Baird, Julia and Bodin, Örjan and Plummer, Ryan},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Handbook of Social Networks and the Environment},
  pages = {155--179},
  doi = {10.4337/9781035318759.00021},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Edward Elgar Publishing},
  keywords = {auto logistic actor attribute model; collaboration; exponential random graph model; flood planning; social-ecological network},
  abstract = {Flooding is an increasingly impactful and concerning phenomenon. A shift towards addressing flooding through an integrated systems perspective involves recognizing flood risk as a collective action problem with distributed characteristics. As flood planning is multi-faceted, associated issues must be addressed across multiple jurisdictions to align with the ecological space involved. Shifting to a systems perspective emphasizes the need for coordination across jurisdictional, spatial, and industry divides, prompting questions on how best to establish and maintain these critical relationships. Here, we show how a combination of different statistical multi-level social network modelling approaches can be employed to conceptualize, theorize, and empirically test assumptions on essential coordination. We conceptualize the multilevel networks as involving social network connecting organizations, an ecological network connecting spatially defined watershed areas, and a task network connecting interconnecting flood-planning activities. Results indicate that organizations participating in flood planning face challenges of cooperation where trust and agreement are needed. Flood planning effectiveness was supported when organizations collaborated with another effective organization and when collaborating on a shared task. The exploration and amalgamation of multiple statistical social network analysis (SNA) models provide a more targeted understanding of which organizations should collaborate with whom and illustrate the complementary nature of different modelling procedures.}
}

@incollection{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_keskitaloecarinah_2013_1,
  title = {Adaptive capacity building in Saxony: Responses in planning and policy to the 2002 flood},
  author = {Keskitalo, E. Carina H. and Vulturius, Gregor},
  year = {2013},
  journal = {Climate change and flood risk management},
  pages = {35--66},
  doi = {10.4337/9781781006672.00007},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing},
  abstract = {In summer 2002, copious rainfall in central Europe caused widespread flooding in the catchment area of the Elbe and Danube Rivers which claimed 112 casualties and caused €21.1 billion in damage (EEA 2003; DKKV 2004). The historical city of Dresden in Eastern Germany, with more than half a million inhabitants, was one of the hardest hit areas. Flash floods of tributaries as well as flooding of the Elbe proper inundated large parts of the city and cut off upstream municipalities, making the event one of the largest natural disasters in the last decade in Europe. In this study we review policy responses to the flood and consider the extent to which these have affected the adaptive capacity of governmental authorities at multiple levels to address future flood risks in relation to climate change. The study concludes that nested institutional arrangements and communication among them, as well comprehensive and implementation-oriented knowledge about extreme events and climate change impacts are important for developing adaptation policies.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_pirinenaleksis_2023,
  title = {Fully Convolutional Networks for Dense Water Flow Intensity Prediction in Swedish Catchment Areas},
  author = {Pirinen, Aleksis and Mogren, Olof and Västerdal, Mårten},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Series: Linköping Electronic Conference Proceedings 199 (https://doi.org/10.3384/ecp199)},
  doi = {10.48550/arXiv.2304.01658},
  language = {eng},
  abstract = {Intensifying climate change will lead to more extreme weather events, including heavy rainfall and drought. Accurate stream flow prediction models which are adaptable and robust to new circumstances in a changing climate will be an important source of information for decisions on climate adaptation efforts, especially regarding mitigation of the risks of and damages associated with flooding. In this work we propose a machine learning-based approach for predicting water flow intensities in inland watercourses based on the physical characteristics of the catchment areas, obtained from geospatial data (including elevation and soil maps, as well as satellite imagery), in addition to temporal information about past rainfall quantities and temperature variations. We target the one-day-ahead regime, where a fully convolutional neural network model receives spatio-temporal inputs and predicts the water flow intensity in every coordinate of the spatial input for the subsequent day. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to tackle the task of dense water flow intensity prediction; earlier works have considered predicting flow intensities at a sparse set of locations at a time. An extensive set of model evaluations and ablations are performed, which empirically justify our various design choices. Code and preprocessed data have been made publicly available at this https URL.}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_finnmartin_2015,
  title = {Can XRF scanning of speleothems be used as a non-destructive method to identify paleoflood events in caves?},
  author = {Finné, Martin and Kylander, Malin and Boyd, Meighan and Sundqvist, Hanna S. and Löwemark, Ludvig},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {International Journal of Speleology},
  volume = {1},
  number = {44},
  pages = {17--23},
  doi = {10.5038/1827-806X.44.1.2},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {stalagmite; floods; xrf core scanning; elemental data; southern greece},
  abstract = {We have developed a novel, quick and non-destructive method for tracing flood events in caves through the analysis of a stalagmite thick section with an XRF core scanner. The analyzed stalagmite has multiple horizons of fine sediments from past flood events intercalated with areas of cleaner calcite. Flood events detected from the elemental XRF core scanning data show good agreement with the position of flood horizons identified in petrographic thin sections. The geochemical composition of the individual flood layers shows that in certain cases the clay horizons had a distinct geochemical fingerprint suggesting that it may be possible to distinguish individual flood layers based on their geochemistry. This presents the possibility for using flood events as marker horizons to chronologically tie different speleothems in a cave to each other.},
  issn = {0392-6672}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kokkonentomv_2019,
  title = {Simulation of the radiative effect of haze on the urban hydrological cycle using reanalysis data in Beijing},
  author = {Kokkonen, Tom V. and Grimmond, Sue and Murto, Sonja and Liu, Huizhi and Sundstrom, Anu-Maija and Jarvi, Leena},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics},
  volume = {10},
  number = {19},
  pages = {7001--7017},
  doi = {10.5194/acp-19-7001-2019},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  abstract = {Although increased aerosol concentration modifies local air temperatures and boundary layer structure in urban areas, little is known about its effects on the urban hydrological cycle. Changes in the hydrological cycle modify surface runoff and flooding. Furthermore, as runoff commonly transports pollutants to soil and water, any changes impact urban soil and aquatic environments. To explore the radiative effect of haze on changes in the urban surface water balance in Beijing, different haze levels are modelled using the Surface Urban Energy and Water Balance Scheme (SUEWS), forced by reanalysis data. The pollution levels are classified using aerosol optical depth observations. The secondary aims are to examine the usability of a global reanalysis dataset in a highly polluted environment and the SUEWS model performance. We show that the reanalysis data do not include the attenuating effect of haze on incoming solar radiation and develop a correction method. Using these corrected data, SUEWS simulates measured eddy covariance heat fluxes well. Both surface runoff and drainage increase with severe haze levels, particularly with low precipitation rates: runoff from 0.06 to 0.18 mm d(-1) and drainage from 0.43 to 0.62 mm d(-1) during fairly clean to extremely polluted conditions, respectively. Considering all precipitation events, runoff rates are higher during extremely polluted conditions than cleaner conditions, but as the cleanest conditions have high precipitation rates, they induce the largest runoff. Thus, the haze radiative effect is unlikely to modify flash flooding likelihood. However, flushing pollutants from surfaces may increase pollutant loads in urban water bodies.},
  issn = {1680-7316}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_floodvictoriaa_2024,
  title = {Evaluating modelled tropospheric columns of CH4, CO, and O3 in the Arctic using ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements},
  author = {Flood, Victoria A. and Strong, Kimberly and Whaley, Cynthia H. and Walker, Kaley A. and Blumenstock, T. and Hannigan, J. W. and Mellqvist, Johan and Notholt, J. and Palm, Mathias and Röhling, Amelie N. and Arnold, Stephen and Beagley, S.R. and Chien, Rong You and Christensen, Jesper and Deushi, Makoto and Dobricic, Srdjan and Dong, Xinyi and Fu, Joshua S. and Gauss, M. and Gong, Wanmin and Langner, J. and Law, Kathy S. and Marelle, Louis and Onishi, Tatsuo and Oshima, Naga and Plummer, David A. and Pozzoli, Luca and Raut, Jean Christophe and Thomas, Manu Anna and Tsyro, S. and Turnock, Steven},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics},
  volume = {2},
  number = {24},
  pages = {1079--1118},
  doi = {10.5194/acp-24-1079-2024},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  abstract = {This study evaluates tropospheric columns of methane, carbon monoxide, and ozone in the Arctic simulated by 11 models. The Arctic is warming at nearly 4 times the global average rate, and with changing emissions in and near the region, it is important to understand Arctic atmospheric composition and how it is changing. Both measurements and modelling of air pollution in the Arctic are difficult, making model validation with local measurements valuable. Evaluations are performed using data from five high-latitude ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers in the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). The models were selected as part of the 2021 Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) report on short-lived climate forcers. This work augments the model-measurement comparisons presented in that report by including a new data source: column-integrated FTIR measurements, whose spatial and temporal footprint is more representative of the free troposphere than in situ and satellite measurements. Mixing ratios of trace gases are modelled at 3-hourly intervals by CESM, CMAM, DEHM, EMEP MSC-W, GEM-MACH, GEOS-Chem, MATCH, MATCH-SALSA, MRI-ESM2, UKESM1, and WRF-Chem for the years 2008, 2009, 2014, and 2015. The comparisons focus on the troposphere (0-7km partial columns) at Eureka, Canada; Thule, Greenland; Ny Ålesund, Norway; Kiruna, Sweden; and Harestua, Norway. Overall, the models are biased low in the tropospheric column, on average by -9.7% for CH4, -21% for CO, and -18% for O3. Results for CH4 are relatively consistent across the 4 years, whereas CO has a maximum negative bias in the spring and minimum in the summer and O3 has a maximum difference centered around the summer. The average differences for the models are within the FTIR uncertainties for approximately 15% of the model-location comparisons.},
  issn = {1680-7316}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_arnstegalexandra_2022,
  title = {Flood modelling and proposed Blue-Green Solutions – A case study in Lisbon, Portugal},
  author = {Arnsteg, Alexandra and Glinski, Juliane and Marijauskaite, Patricija and Nitschke, Annika and Olsson, Marianne and Pierre, Agnes and Rosenquist Ohlsson, Lovisa and van der Vleuten, Sacha and Pilesjö, Petter},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Proceedings of the 25th AGILE Conference on Geographic Information Science, 2022.},
  number = {3},
  pages = {9--9},
  doi = {10.5194/agile-giss-3-53-2022},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  abstract = {This study assesses the potential benefit of Blue-Green Solutions (BGS), green rooftops, rain gardens, permeable pavements, and bioswales, in Lisbon, Portugal. These proposed mitigation measures are applied using TFM-DYN (Nilsson et al., 2021) to simulate potential fluvial flooding distributions from a 10- and 50-year rain event. Water depth of over 30 centimeters can cause damage to infrastructure. The model results show water depths of over 40 centimeters in some parts of the study area for the 10-year return period, raising the need for action. For the 50-year return period even more areas will be affected. These floods can occur at a relatively rapid pace. Four BGS were implemented for flood mitigation. Areas with green roofs and rain gardens showed a lowering in water depth for both return periods. This study shows that even relatively simple data allows for an estimation of urban flooding and the potential effect of BGS for specific locations can easily be determined.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_pantazatoukarolina_2025,
  title = {Do green roofs and spatial resolution influence flood simulation output? – A case study in Malmö, Southern Sweden},
  author = {Pantazatou, Karolina and Persson, Andreas and Olsson, Per-Ola and Harrie, Lars},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {AGILE: GIScience Series},
  number = {6},
  pages = {6},
  doi = {10.5194/agile-giss-6-41-2025},
  language = {eng},
  abstract = {Over recent years many urban areas have experienced severe floods caused by extreme precipitation events. To avoid the devastating socioeconomic and environmental consequences of such floods, countries have issued laws or recommendations on flood risk assessment in urban planning. However, these laws or recommendations seldom include detailed requirements on input data quality or explicit instructions regarding flood simulation settings, leaving much open to interpretation. To contribute to the solution of this issue, this study focuses on examining the influence of the spatial resolution of input data (e.g., elevation and land cover) on flood simulations for urban densification planning, implementing 100-year return period precipitation scenarios. It also explores the impact of green roofs on flood simulations implementing 10-year and 20-year return period precipitation scenarios within the same context. The results show that spatial resolution may affect simulation output since the areas’ land-cover differsbut also because of how edge cells are treated in flow simulations. Green roofs and the drainage from these relieve the ground from being flooded with 20–27% less water.}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_peterssonwrdhlouise_2026,
  title = {Have you ever seen the rain? Observing a record convective rainfall with national and local monitoring networks and opportunistic sensors},
  author = {Petersson Wårdh, Louise and Hosseini, Hasan and van de Beek, Remco and Andersson, Jafet C.M. and Hashemi, Hossein and Olsson, Jonas},
  year = {2026},
  journal = {Atmospheric Measurement Techniques},
  volume = {2},
  number = {19},
  pages = {461--483},
  doi = {10.5194/amt-19-461-2026},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  abstract = {Short-duration extreme rainfall can cause severe impacts in built environments and flood mitigation measures require high-resolution rainfall data to be effective. It is a particular challenge to observe convective storms, which are expected to intensify with climate change. However, rainfall monitoring networks operated by national meteorological and hydrological services generally have limited ability to observe rainfall at sub-hourly and sub-kilometer scales. This paper investigates the capability of second- and thirdparty rainfall sensors to observe a highly localized convective storm that hit southwestern Sweden in August 2022. Specifically, we compared the observations from professional weather stations, C-band radar, X-band radar, Commercial Microwave Links and Personal Weather Stations to get a full impression of the sensors' strengths and weaknesses in the context of convective storms. The results suggest that second- and third-party networks can contribute important information on short-duration extreme rainfall to national weather services. The second-party network assisted in quantifying the magnitude and spatial variability of the event with high accuracy. The third-party network could contribute to the understanding of the duration and spatial distribution of the storm, but it underestimated the magnitude compared with the reference sensors.},
  issn = {1867-1381}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_leithfraserleith_2015,
  title = {Carbon dioxide transport across the hillslope–riparian–stream continuum in a boreal headwater catchment},
  author = {Leith, Fraser Leith and Dinsmore, Kerry and Wallin, Marcus and Billett, Michael and Heal, Kate and Laudon, Hjalmar and Öquist, Mats and Bishop, Kevin},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Biogeosciences},
  number = {12},
  pages = {1881--1892},
  doi = {10.5194/bg-12-1881-2015},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  abstract = {Abstract. Headwater streams export CO2 as lateral downstream export and vertical evasion from the stream surface. CO2 in boreal headwater streams generally originates from adjacent terrestrial areas, so determining the sources and rate of CO2 transport along the hillslope–riparian–stream continuum could improve estimates of CO2 export via the aquatic pathway, especially by quantifying evasion at higher temporal resolutions. Continuous measurements of dissolved CO2 concentrations and water table were made along the hillslope–riparian–stream continuum in the Västrabäcken sub-catchment of the Krycklan catchment, Sweden. Daily water and CO2 export from the hillslope and riparian zone were estimated over one hydrological year (October 2012–September 2013) using a flow-concentration model and compared with measured lateral downstream CO2 export.  Total water export over the hydrological year from the hillslope was 230 mm yr−1 compared with 270 mm yr−1 from the riparian zone. This corresponds well (proportional to the relative upslope contributing area) to the annual catchment runoff of 265 mm yr−1. Total CO2 export from the riparian zone to the stream was 3.0 g CO2-C m−2 yr−1. A hotspot for riparian CO2 export was observed at 30–50 cm depth (accounting for 71 % of total riparian export). Seasonal variability was high with export peaks during the spring flood and autumn storm events. Downstream lateral CO2 export (determined from stream water dissolved CO2 concentrations and discharge) was 1.2 g CO2-C m−2 yr−1. Subtracting downstream lateral export from riparian export (3.0 g CO2-C m−2 yr−1) gives 1.8 g CO2-C m−2 yr−1 which can be attributed to evasion losses (accounting for 60 % of export via the aquatic pathway). The results highlight the importance of terrestrial CO2 export, especially from the riparian zone, for determining catchment aquatic CO2 losses and the importance of the CO2 evasion component to carbon export via the aquatic conduit.},
  issn = {1726-4170}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_upstillgoddardrobertc_2017,
  title = {The riverine source of CH4 and N2O from the Republic of Congo, western Congo Basin},
  author = {Upstill-Goddard, Robert C. and Salter, Matthew E. and Mann, Paul J. and Barnes, Jonathan and Poulsen, John and Dinga, Bienvenu and Fiske, Gregory J. and Holmes, Robert M.},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Biogeosciences},
  volume = {9},
  number = {14},
  pages = {2267--2281},
  doi = {10.5194/bg-14-2267-2017},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  abstract = {We discuss concentrations of dissolved CH4, N2O, O-2, NO(3)(-)and NH4-, and emission fluxes of CH4 and N2O for river sites in the western Congo Basin, Republic of Congo (ROC). Savannah, swamp forest and tropical forest samples were collected from the Congo main stem and seven of its tributaries during November 2010 (41 samples; wet season) and August 2011 (25 samples; dry season; CH4 and N2O only). Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN: NH4- + NO3-; wet season) was dominated by NO3- (63 +/- 19% of DIN). Total DIN concentrations (1.545.3 mu mol L-1) were consistent with the near absence of agricultural, domestic and industrial sources for all three land types. Dissolved O-2 (wet season) was mostly undersaturated in swamp forest (36 +/- 29 %) and tropical forest (77 +/- 36 %) rivers but predominantly supersaturated in savannah rivers (100 +/- 17 %). The dissolved concentrations of CH4 and N2O were within the range of values reported earlier for sub-Saharan African rivers. Dissolved CH4 was found to be supersaturated (11.2-9553 nmol L-1; 440-354 444 %), whereas N2O ranged from strong undersaturation to supersaturation (3.2-20.6 nmol L-1; 47-205 %). Evidently, rivers of the ROC are persistent local sources of CH4 and can be minor sources or sinks for N2O. During the dry season the mean and range of CH4 and N2O concentrations were quite similar for the three land types. Wet and dry season mean concentrations and ranges were not significant for N2O for any land type or for CH4 in savannah rivers. The latter observation is consistent with seasonal buffering of river discharge by an underlying sandstone aquifer. Significantly higher wet season CH4 concentrations in swamp and forest rivers suggest that CH4 can be derived from floating macrophytes during flooding and/or enhanced methanogenesis in adjacent flooded soils. Swamp rivers also exhibited both low (47 %) and high (205 %) N2O saturation but wet season values were overall significantly lower than in either tropical forest or savannah rivers, which were always supersaturated (103-266 %) and for which the overall means and ranges of N2O were not significantly different. In swamp and forest rivers O-2 saturation co-varied inversely with CH4 saturation (log %) and positively with % N2O. A significant positive correlation between N2O and O-2 saturation in swamp rivers was coincident with strong N2O and O-2 undersaturation, indicating N2O consumption during denitrification in the sediments. In savannah rivers persistent N2O supersaturation and a negative correlation between N2O and O-2 suggest N2O production mainly by nitrification. This is consistent with a stronger correlation between N2O and NH4+ than between N2O and NO3-. Our ranges of values for CH4 and N2O emission fluxes (33-48 705 mu mol CH4 m(-2) d(-1); 1-67 mu mol N(2)Om(2)(-) d(-1)) are within the ranges previously estimated for sub-Saharan African rivers but they include uncertainties deriving from our use of basin-wide values for CH4 and N2O gas transfer velocities. Even so, because we did not account for any contribution from ebullition, which is quite likely for CH4 (at least 20 %), we consider our emission fluxes for CH4 to be conservative.},
  issn = {1726-4170}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_vorobyevsergeyn_2021,
  title = {Fluvial carbon dioxide emission from the Lena River basin during the spring flood},
  author = {Vorobyev, Sergey N. and Karlsson, Jan and Kolesnichenko, Yuri Y. and Korets, Mikhail A. and Pokrovsky, Oleg S.},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Biogeosciences},
  volume = {17},
  number = {18},
  pages = {4919--4936},
  doi = {10.5194/bg-18-4919-2021},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Nicolaus Copernicus University Press},
  abstract = {Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from inland waters of permafrost-affected regions is one of the key factors of circumpolar aquatic ecosystem response to climate warming and permafrost thaw. Riverine systems of central and eastern Siberia contribute a significant part of the water and carbon (C) export to the Arctic Ocean, yet their C exchange with the atmosphere remains poorly known due to lack of in situ GHG concentration and emission estimates. Here we present the results of continuous in situ pCO2 measurements over a 2600 km transect of the Lena River main stem and lower reaches of 20 major tributaries (together representing a watershed area of 1 661 000 km2, 66 % of the Lena's basin), conducted at the peak of the spring flood. The pCO2 in the Lena (range 400-1400 μatm) and tributaries (range 400-1600 μatm) remained generally stable (within ca. 20 %) over the night-day period and across the river channels. The pCO2 in tributaries increased northward with mean annual temperature decrease and permafrost increase; this change was positively correlated with C stock in soil, the proportion of deciduous needleleaf forest, and the riparian vegetation. Based on gas transfer coefficients obtained from rivers of the Siberian permafrost zone (kCombining double low line4.46 md-1), we calculated CO2 emission for the main stem and tributaries. Typical fluxes ranged from 1 to 2 gCm-2d-1 (>99 % CO2, <1 % CH4), which is comparable with CO2 emission measured in the Kolyma, Yukon, and Mackenzie rivers and permafrost-affected rivers in western Siberia. The areal C emissions from lotic waters of the Lena watershed were quantified by taking into account the total area of permanent and seasonal water of the Lena basin (28 000 km2 ). Assuming 6 months of the year to be an open water period with no emission under ice, the annual C emission from the whole Lena basin is estimated as 8.3±2.5 TgCyr-1, which is comparable to the DOC and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) lateral export to the Arctic Ocean.},
  issn = {1726-4170}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_limartemg_2022,
  title = {Carbon emission and export from the Ket River, western Siberia},
  author = {Lim, Artem G. and Krickov, Ivan V. and Vorobyev, Sergey N. and Korets, Mikhail A. and Kopysov, Sergey and Shirokova, Liudmila S. and Karlsson, Jan and Pokrovsky, Oleg S.},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Biogeosciences},
  volume = {24},
  number = {19},
  pages = {5859--5877},
  doi = {10.5194/bg-19-5859-2022},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus Publications},
  abstract = {Despite recent progress in the understanding of the carbon (C) cycle of Siberian permafrost-affected rivers, spatial and seasonal dynamics of C export and emission from medium-sized rivers (50 000-300 000 km2 watershed area) remain poorly known. Here we studied one of the largest tributaries of the Ob River, the Ket River (watershed Combining double low line 94 000 km2), which drains through pristine taiga forest of the boreal zone in the West Siberian Lowland (WSL). We combined continuous and discrete measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration using submersible CO2 sensor and floating chamber flux (FCO2), with methane (CH4), dissolved organic and inorganic C (DOC and DIC, respectively), particulate organic C and total bacterial concentrations over an 800 km transect of the Ket River main stem and its 26 tributaries during spring flood (May 2019) and 12 tributaries during summer baseflow (end of August-beginning of September 2019). The partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) was lower and less variable in the main stem (2000 to 2500 μatm) compared to that in the tributaries (2000 to 5000 μatm). In the tributaries, the pCO2 was 40 % higher during baseflow compared to spring flood, whereas in the main stem, it did not vary significantly across the seasons. The methane concentration in the main stem and tributaries was a factor of 300 to 1900 (flood period) and 100 to 150 times lower than that of CO2 and ranged from 0.05 to 2.0 μmol L-1. The FCO2 ranged from 0.4 to 2.4 g C m-2 d-1 in the main channel and from 0.5 to 5.0 g C m-2 d-1 in the tributaries, being highest during August in the tributaries and weakly dependent on the season in the main channel. During summer baseflow, the DOC aromaticity, bacterial number, and needleleaf forest coverage of the watershed positively affected CO2 concentrations and fluxes. We hypothesize that relatively low spatial and seasonal variability in FCO2 of the Ket River is due to a flat homogeneous landscape (bogs and taiga forest) that results in long water residence times and stable input of allochthonous dissolved organic matter (DOM), which dominate the FCO2. The open water period (May to October) C emission from the fluvial network (main stem and tributaries) of the Ket River was estimated to 127 ± 11 Gg C yr-1, which is lower than the downstream dissolved and particulate C export during the same period. The estimated fluvial C emissions are highly conservative and contain uncertainties linked to ignoring hotspots and hot moments of emissions, notably in the floodplain zone. This stresses the need to improve the temporal resolution of FCO2 and water coverage across seasons and emphasizes the important role of WSL rivers in the release of CO2 into the atmosphere.},
  issn = {1726-4170}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_aaltotuula_2025,
  title = {Air temperature and precipitation constraining the modelled wetland methane emissions in a boreal region in northern Europe},
  author = {Aalto, Tuula and Mäkelä, Jarmo and Müller, Jurek and Tenkanen, Maria and Burke, Eleanor and Chadburn, Sarah E. and Gao, Yao and Mannisenaho, Vilma and Kleinen, Thomas and Lee, Hanna and Leppänen, Antti and Markkanen, Tiina and Materia, Stefano and Miller, Paul and Peano, Daniele and Peltola, Olli and Poulter, Benjamin and Raivonen, Maarit and Saunois, Marielle and Wårlind, David and Zaehle, Sönke},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Biogeosciences},
  number = {22},
  pages = {22},
  doi = {10.5194/bg-22-323-2025},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  abstract = {Wetland methane responses to temperature and precipitation are studied in a boreal wetland-rich region in northern Europe using ecosystem process models. Six ecosystem models (JSBACH-HIMMELI, LPX-Bern, LPJ-GUESS, JULES, CLM4.5, and CLM5) are compared to multi-model means of ecosystem models and atmospheric inversions from the Global Carbon Project and upscaled eddy covariance flux results for their temperature and precipitation responses and seasonal cycles of the regional fluxes. Two models with contrasting response patterns, LPX-Bern and JSBACH-HIMMELI, are used as priors in atmospheric inversions with Carbon Tracker Europe–CH4 (CTE-CH4) in order to find out how the assimilation of atmospheric concentration data changes the flux estimates and how this alters the interpretation of the flux responses to temperature and precipitation. Inversion moves wetland emissions of both models towards co-limitation by temperature and precipitation. Between 2000 and 2018, periods of high temperature and/or high precipitation often resulted in increased emissions. However, the dry summer of 2018 did not result in increased emissions despite the high temperatures. The process models show strong temperature and strong precipitation responses for the region (51 %–91 % of the variance explained by both). The month with the highest emissions varies from May to September among the models. However, multi-model means, inversions, and upscaled eddy covariance flux observations agree on the month of maximum emissions and are co-limited by temperature and precipitation. The setup of different emission components (peatland emissions, mineral land fluxes) has an important role in building up the response patterns. Considering the significant differences among the models, it is essential to pay more attention to the regional representation of wet and dry mineral soils and periodic flooding which contribute to the seasonality and magnitude of methane fluxes. The realistic representation of temperature dependence of the peat soil fluxes is also important. Furthermore, it is important to use process-based descriptions for both mineral and peat soil fluxes to simulate the flux responses to climate drivers.},
  issn = {1726-4189}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_pujaltev_2015,
  title = {A massive input of coarse-grained siliciclastics in the Pyrenean Basin during the PETM: the missing ingredient in a coeval abrupt change in hydrological regime},
  author = {Pujalte, V. and Baceta, J. I. and Schmitz, Birger},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Climate of the Past},
  volume = {12},
  number = {11},
  pages = {1653--1672},
  doi = {10.5194/cp-11-1653-2015},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  abstract = {The Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) is represented in numerous shallow and deep marine sections of the south-central and western Pyrenees by a 2-4 m thick unit (locally up to 20 m) of clays or marly clays intercalated within a carbonate-dominated succession. This unit records a massive input into the Pyrenean Gulf of fine-grained terrestrial siliciclastics, attributed to an abrupt hydrological change during the PETM. However, the nature of such a change remains controversial. Here we show that, in addition to fine-grained deposits, large volumes of coarse-grained siliciclastics were brought into the basin and were mostly accumulated in incised valleys and in a long-lived deep-sea channel. The occurrence of these coarse-grained deposits has been known for some time, but their correlation with the PETM is reported here for the first time. The bulk of the incised valley deposits in the PETM interval are cross-bedded sands and pebbly sands, almost exclusively made of quartz. The criteria for indicting a relation to the PETM include their stratigraphic position between upper Thanetian and lower Ilerdian marine carbonates, organic carbon isotope data, and a high percentage of kaolinite in the clay matrix. The axially flowing deep-sea channel existed throughout Paleocene times in the Pyrenean Basin, within which coarse-grained calciclastic and siliciclastic turbidites were accumulated. This Paleocene succession is capped by thickly bedded quartz sandstones and pebbly sandstones, probably deposited by hyperpycnal flows, which are here assigned to the PETM based on their stratigraphic position and organic carbon isotopic data. The large and simultaneous increase in coarse- and fine-grained terrestrial siliciclastics delivered to the Pyrenean Gulf during the PETM is attributed to an increased intra-annual humidity gradient. During the PETM a longer and drier summer season facilitated the erosion of landscapes, whereas a dramatic enhancement of precipitation extremes during the wet season led to intensified flood events, with rivers carrying greater volumes of both bed and suspended loads. This scenario argues against the possibility that PETM kaolinites indicate a coeval warm and humid climate in northern Spain. Instead, the kaolinite reflects the erosion of thick Cretaceous lateritic profiles developed on the Hercynian basement.},
  issn = {1814-9332}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_rimbunorel_2016,
  title = {Atmospheric circulation patterns associated with the variability of River Ammer floods: Evidence from observed and proxy data},
  author = {Rimbu, Norel and Czymzik, Markus and Ionita, Monica and Lohmann, Gerrit and Brauer, Achim},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Climate of the Past},
  volume = {2},
  number = {12},
  pages = {377--385},
  doi = {10.5194/cp-12-377-2016},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  abstract = {The relationship between the frequency of River Ammer floods (southern Germany) and atmospheric circulation variability is investigated based on observational Ammer River discharge data back to 1926 and a flood layer time series from varved sediments of the downstream Lake Ammer for the pre-instrumental period back to 1766. A composite analysis reveals that, at synoptic timescales, observed River Ammer floods are associated with enhanced moisture transport from the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean towards the Ammer region, a pronounced trough over western Europe as well as enhanced potential vorticity at upper levels. We argue that this synoptic-scale configuration can trigger heavy precipitation and floods in the Ammer region. Interannual to multidecadal increases in flood frequency, as detected in the instrumental discharge record, are associated with a wave train pattern extending from the North Atlantic to western Asia, with a prominent negative center over western Europe. A similar atmospheric circulation pattern is associated with increases in flood layer frequency in the Lake Ammer sediment record during the pre-instrumental period. We argue that the complete flood layer time series from Lake Ammer sediments covering the last 5500 years contains information about atmospheric circulation variability on interannual to millennial timescales.},
  issn = {1814-9324}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_czymzikmarkus_2016,
  title = {Solar modulation of flood frequency in central Europe during spring and summer on interannual to multi-centennial timescales},
  author = {Czymzik, Markus and Muscheler, Raimund and Brauer, Achim},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Climate of the Past},
  volume = {3},
  number = {12},
  pages = {799--805},
  doi = {10.5194/cp-12-799-2016},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  abstract = {Solar influences on climate variability are one of the most controversially discussed topics in climate research. We analyze solar forcing of flood frequency in central Europe during spring and summer on interannual to multi-centennial timescales, integrating daily discharge data of the River Ammer (southern Germany) back to AD1926 (∼solar cycles 16-23) and the 5500-year flood layer record from varved sediments of the downstream Ammersee. Flood frequency in the River Ammer discharge record is significantly correlated to changes in solar activity when the flood record lags the solar signal by 2-3 years (2-year lag: r = -0:375, p = 0:01; 3-year lag: r = -0:371, p = 0:03). Flood layer frequency in the Ammersee sediment record depicts distinct multi-decadal variations and significant correlations to a total solar irradiance reconstruction (r = -0:4, p <0.0001) and 14C production rates (r = 0:37, p <0.0001), reflecting changes in solar activity. On all timescales, flood frequency is higher when solar activity is reduced. In addition, the configuration of atmospheric circulation associated with periods of increased River Ammer flood frequency broadly resembles that during intervals of reduced solar activity, as expected to be induced by the so-called solar top-down mechanism by model studies. Both atmospheric patterns are characterized by an increase in meridional airflow associated with enhanced atmospheric blocking over central Europe. Therefore, the significant correlations as well as similar atmospheric circulation patterns might provide empirical support for a solar influence on hydroclimate extremes in central Europe during spring and summer by the so-called solar top-down mechanism.},
  issn = {1814-9324}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_smerdonje_2017,
  title = {Comparing proxy and model estimates of hydroclimate variability and change over the Common Era},
  author = {Smerdon, J. E. and Luterbacher, J. and Phipps, S. J. and Anchukaitis, K. J. and Ault, T. and Coats, S. and Cobb, K. M. and Cook, B. I. and Colose, C. and Felis, T. and Gallant, A. and Jungclaus, J. H. and Konecky, B. and LeGrande, A. and Lewis, S. and Lopatka, A. S. and Man, W. M. and Mankin, J. S. and Maxwell, J. T. and Otto-Bliesner, B. L. and Partin, J. W. and Singh, D. and Steiger, N. J. and Stevenson, S. and Tierney, J. E. and Zanchettin, D. and Zhang, H. and Atwood, A. R. and Andreu-Hayles, L. and Baek, S. H. and Buckley, B. and Cook, E. R. and D'Arrigo, R. and Dee, S. G. and Griffiths, M. L. and Kulkarni, C. and Kushnir, Y. and Lehner, F. and Leland, C. and Linderholm, Hans W. and Okazaki, A. and Palmer, J. and Piovano, E. and Raible, C. C. and Rao, M. P. and Scheff, J. and Schmidt, G. A. and Seager, R. and Widmann, M. and Williams, A. P. and Xoplaki, E.},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Climate of the Past},
  volume = {12},
  number = {13},
  pages = {1851--1900},
  doi = {10.5194/cp-13-1851-2017},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  keywords = {sea-surface temperature; western north-america; last glacial maximum; tree-ring width; general-circulation model; past 2 millennia; atlantic; oscillation reconstruction; high-resolution paleoclimatology; climate; forcing reconstructions; intertropical convergence zone; meteorology & atmospheric sciences; uiver m; 1993; radiocarbon; v35; p137},
  abstract = {Water availability is fundamental to societies and ecosystems, but our understanding of variations in hydroclimate (including extreme events, flooding, and decadal periods of drought) is limited because of a paucity of modern instrumental observations that are distributed unevenly across the globe and only span parts of the 20th and 21st centuries. Such data coverage is insufficient for characterizing hydroclimate and its associated dynamics because of its multidecadal to centennial variability and highly regionalized spatial signature. High-resolution (seasonal to decadal) hydroclimatic proxies that span all or parts of the Common Era (CE) and paleoclimate simulations from climate models are therefore important tools for augmenting our understanding of hydroclimate variability. In particular, the comparison of the two sources of information is critical for addressing the uncertainties and limitations of both while enriching each of their interpretations. We review the principal proxy data available for hydroclimatic reconstructions over the CE and highlight the contemporary understanding of how these proxies are interpreted as hydroclimate indicators. We also review the available last-millennium simulations from fully coupled climate models and discuss several outstanding challenges associated with simulating hydroclimate variability and change over the CE. A specific review of simulated hydroclimatic changes forced by volcanic events is provided, as is a discussion of expected improvements in estimated radiative forcings, models, and their implementation in the future. Our review of hydroclimatic proxies and last-millennium model simulations is used as the basis for articulating a variety of considerations and best practices for how to perform proxy-model comparisons of CE hydroclimate. This discussion provides a framework for how best to evaluate hydroclimate variability and its associated dynamics using these comparisons and how they can better inform interpretations of both proxy data and model simulations. We subsequently explore means of using proxy-model comparisons to better constrain and characterize future hydroclimate risks. This is explored specifically in the context of several examples that demonstrate how proxy-model comparisons can be used to quantitatively constrain future hydroclimatic risks as estimated from climate model projections.},
  issn = {1814-9324}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_jakobssonmartin_2017,
  title = {Post-glacial flooding of the Bering Land Bridge dated to 11 cal ka BP based on new geophysical and sediment records},
  author = {Jakobsson, Martin and Pearce, Christof and Cronin, Thomas M. and Backman, Jan and Anderson, Leif G. and Barrientos, Natalia and Björk, Göran and Coxall, Helen and de Boer, Agatha and Mayer, Larry A. and Mörth, Carl-Magnus and Nilsson, Johan and Rattray, Jayne E. and Stranne, Christian and Semiletov, Igor and O'Regan, Matt},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Climate of the Past},
  volume = {8},
  number = {13},
  pages = {991--1005},
  doi = {10.5194/cp-13-991-2017},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  keywords = {marine geology; maringeologi},
  abstract = {The Bering Strait connects the Arctic and Pacific oceans and separates the North American and Asian landmasses. The presently shallow (similar to 53 m) strait was exposed during the sea level lowstand of the last glacial period, which permitted human migration across a land bridge today referred to as the Bering Land Bridge. Proxy studies (stable isotope composition of foraminifera, whale migration into the Arctic Ocean, mollusc and insect fossils and paleobotanical data) have suggested a range of ages for the Bering Strait reopening, mainly falling within the Younger Dryas stadial (12.9-11.7 cal ka BP). Here we provide new information on the deglacial and post-glacial evolution of the Arctic-Pacific connection through the Bering Strait based on analyses of geological and geophysical data from Herald Canyon, located north of the Bering Strait on the Chukchi Sea shelf region in the western Arctic Ocean. Our results suggest an initial opening at about 11 cal ka BP in the earliest Holocene, which is later than in several previous studies. Our key evidence is based on a well-dated core from Herald Canyon, in which a shift from a near-shore environment to a Pacific-influenced open marine setting at around 11 cal ka BP is observed. The shift corresponds to meltwater pulse 1b (MWP1b) and is interpreted to signify relatively rapid breaching of the Bering Strait and the submergence of the large Bering Land Bridge. Although the precise rates of sea level rise cannot be quantified, our new results suggest that the late deglacial sea level rise was rapid and occurred after the end of the Younger Dryas stadial.},
  issn = {1814-9324}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_karagiorgoskonstantinos_2021,
  title = {Cloudburst catastrophe modelling: Case study – Jönköping municipality, Sweden},
  author = {Karagiorgos, Konstantinos and Halldin, Sven and Haas, Jan and Knös, Daniel and Blumenthal, Barbara and Nyberg, Lars},
  year = {2021},
  doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu21-12684},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {EGU General Assembly},
  keywords = {risk and environmental studies; risk- och miljöstudier},
  abstract = {In Europe, flash floods are one of the most significant natural hazards, causing serious risk to life and destruction of buildings and infrastructure. The intense rain causing those floods has a few different names, however, with very similar meaning. The term chosen in this study, ‘cloudburst’, was introduced by Woolley (1946) as “…a torrential downpour of rain which by its spottiness and relatively high intensity suggests the bursting and discharge of the whole cloud at once”. While these events play an important role in the ongoing flood risk management discussion, they are under-represented among flood models.The main aim of this study is to demonstrate an approach by showing how methods and techniques can be integrated together to construct a catastrophe model for flash flooding of Jönköping municipality in Sweden. The model is developed in the framework of the ‘Oasis Loss Modelling Framework’ platform, jointly with end-users from the public sector and the insurance industry. Calibration and validation of the model were conducted by comparisons against three historical cloudburst events and corresponding insurance-claim data.The analysis has shown that it is possible to get acceptable results from a cloudburst catastrophe model using only rainfall data, and not surface-water level as driving variable. The approach presented opens up for such loss modelling in places where complex hydraulic modelling cannot be done because of lacking data or skill of responsible staff. The Swedish case study indicates that the framework presented can be considered as an important decision making tool, by establishing an area for collaboration between academia; insurance businesses; and local authorities, to reduce long-term disaster risk in Sweden.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_haasjan_2021,
  title = {A vulnerability index for climate related risks in Sweden},
  author = {Haas, Jan and Karagiorgos, Konstantinos and Nyberg, Lars and Pettersson, Andreas},
  year = {2021},
  doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu21-5711},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Copernicus GmbH},
  keywords = {geomatik; geomatics; risk and environmental studies; risk- och miljöstudier},
  abstract = {&lt;p&gt;Social vulnerability is mostly described as specific social inequalities in the context of a disaster. Following this understanding, empirical research focuses on the unequal exposure of different groups to disasters and/or on the unequal capacities of groups to anticipate, cope and recover from the impact of a hazard. Although social vulnerability has recently gained attention in academia, Sweden lacks frameworks and indicators to assess it at a national level.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Following the large amount of publicly available data in Sweden, to address this gap, we present a method for quantifying social vulnerability to climate risks in Swedish municipalities. A large number of variables were collected and analyzed to create quantitative indicators that purport to measure a municipality&amp;#8217;s vulnerability. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the information in the variables was reduced to a smaller number of components and socioeconomic vulnerability scores for each Swedish municipality. The factor analysis resulted in five components explaining more than 75% of the total variance. The resulting components and the final index are mapped for each municipality.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The results show that socio-economic vulnerability is not evenly distributed across Sweden. Apart from those findings the fact that some municipal clusters are much more vulnerable than others, the developed method is a useful tool for comparing socio-economic conditions among municipalities and for identifying susceptible municipalities which are likely to face significant challenges in coping with future natural hazard events.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Preliminary results show similar trends of social vulnerability to natural hazards at a highly resolved spatial level of aggregation as comparted to municipal levels. As studies on social vulnerability are often data-driven and thus performed on larger administrative aggregations, the sub-set of socio-economic variables from Statistics Sweden used in this study was found useful in our approach. In order to explore social vulnerability in conjunction with coastal and fluvial flood scenarios, an interactive web map was created with ArcGIS Dashboards.&lt;/p&gt;}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_karagiorgoskonstantinos_2022,
  title = {Rain data crowdsourcing for improving urban flood risk management: Exploring the potential in Sweden},
  author = {Karagiorgos, Konstantinos and Mobini, Shifteh and Grahn, Tonje and Gustafsson, Kristin and Larsson, Rolf and Olsson, Jonas and Van de Beek, Remco and Nyberg, Lars},
  year = {2022},
  doi = {10.5194/egusphere-egu22-9274},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Copernicus GmbH},
  abstract = {&lt;p&gt;Urban flooding causes considerable societal damage and necessitates increased climate adaptation measures. Extreme rain events' rapid and local character make them difficult to observe, assess, predict, and warn about. One example is the flood event in Malm&amp;#246; in 2014, not only in terms of rain intensities and volumes but also the fact that the more intense parts of the rainfall fell across central Malm&amp;#246; with adverse consequences (approx. SEK 100 million for 1400 claims). &amp;#160;These extreme hydrological events are generally predicted to become more frequent and damaging in Sweden due to the warming climate.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The overarching aim of this study is to develop an approach to improve urban rain safety by establishing a participatory system for collecting data to support urban flood risk modelling for the adaptation of cities to intense rainfall. Nowadays, meteorological information to improve flood risk modelling can be obtained from non-traditional sources such as privately owned weather stations and social media. Crowdsourcing techniques linked to public engagement via citizen science are frequently used across different scientific areas to supplement traditional data collection.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our analysis compiles data from available platforms (WeatherObervationWebsite (WOW) by SMHI, Netatmo platform and WunderMap website) for different case studies. The data will be organised in databases; and validated with SMHI-certified automatic rain gauges, municipal gauges, radar data and integrated gridded products.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The approach presented opens up insights into the measurement accuracy and issues in operational crowdsourcing of private rain measurements. The new type of rain data will be used for testing their applicability with flood models. The particular focus in the testing will be on the effect of model output from added spatial resolution in rain measurements.&lt;/p&gt;}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_delucapaolo_2020,
  title = {Concurrent wet and dry hydrological extremes at the global scale},
  author = {De Luca, Paolo and Messori, Gabriele and Wilby, Robert L. and Mazzoleni, Maurizio and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Earth System Dynamics},
  volume = {1},
  number = {11},
  pages = {251--266},
  doi = {10.5194/esd-11-251-2020},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  abstract = {Multi-hazard events can be associated with larger socio-economic impacts than single-hazard events. Understanding the spatio-temporal interactions that characterize the former is therefore of relevance to disaster risk reduction measures. Here, we consider two high-impact hazards, namely wet and dry hydrological extremes, and quantify their global co-occurrence. We define these using the monthly self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index based on the Penman-Monteith model (sc_PDSI_pm), covering the period 1950-2014, at 2.5 degrees horizontal resolution. We find that the land areas affected by extreme wet, dry, and wet-dry events (i.e. geographically remote yet temporally co-occurring wet or dry extremes) are all increasing with time, the trends of which in dry and wet-dry episodes are significant (p value << 0.01). The most geographically widespread wet-dry event was associated with the strong La Nina in 2010. This caused wet-dry anomalies across a land area of 21 million km(2) with documented high-impact flooding and drought episodes spanning diverse regions. To further elucidate the interplay of wet and dry extremes at a grid cell scale, we introduce two new metrics: the wet-dry (WD) ratio and the extreme transition (ET) time intervals. The WD ratio measures the relative occurrence of wet or dry extremes, whereas ET quantifies the average separation time of hydrological extremes with opposite signs. The WD ratio shows that the incidence of wet extremes dominates over dry extremes in the USA, northern and southern South America, northern Europe, north Africa, western China, and most of Australia. Conversely, dry extremes are more prominent in most of the remaining regions. The median ET for wet to dry is similar to 27 months, while the dry-to-wet median ET is 21 months. We also evaluate correlations between wet-dry hydrological extremes and leading modes of climate variability, namely the El Nina-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO). We find that ENSO and PDO have a similar influence globally, with the former significantly impacting (p value < 0.05) a larger area (18.1 % of total sc_PDSI_pm area) compared to the latter (12.0 %), whereas the AMO shows an almost inverse pattern and significantly impacts the largest area overall (18.9 %). ENSO and PDO show the most significant correlations over northern South America, the central and western USA, the Middle East, eastern Russia, and eastern Australia. On the other hand, the AMO shows significant associations over Mexico, Brazil, central Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, China, and eastern Russia. Our analysis brings new insights on hydrological multi-hazards that are of relevance to governments and organizations with globally distributed interests. Specifically, the multi-hazard maps may be used to evaluate worst-case disaster scenarios considering the potential co-occurrence of wet and dry hydrological extremes.},
  issn = {2190-4979}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_rutgerssonanna_2022,
  title = {Natural hazards and extreme events in the Baltic Sea region},
  author = {Rutgersson, Anna and Kjellström, Erik and Haapala, Jari and Stendel, Martin and Danilovich, Irina and Drews, Martin and Jylhä, Kirsti and Kujala, Pentti and Larsén, Xiaoli Guo and Halsnæs, Kirsten and Lehtonen, Ilari and Luomaranta, Anna and Nilsson, Erik O. and Olsson, Taru and Särkkä, Jani and Tuomi, Laura and Wasmund, Norbert},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Earth System Dynamics},
  volume = {1},
  number = {13},
  pages = {251--301},
  doi = {10.5194/esd-13-251-2022},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus Publications},
  abstract = {A natural hazard is a naturally occurring extreme event that has a negative effect on people and society or the environment. Natural hazards may have severe implications for human life and can potentially generate economic losses and damage ecosystems. A better understanding of their major causes, probability of occurrence, and consequences enables society to be better prepared to save human lives as well as to invest in adaptation options. Natural hazards related to climate change are identified as one of the Grand Challenges in the Baltic Sea region. Here, we summarize existing knowledge about extreme events in the Baltic Sea region with a focus on the past 200 years as well as on future climate scenarios. The events considered here are the major hydro-meteorological events in the region and include wind storms, extreme waves, high and low sea levels, ice ridging, heavy precipitation, sea-effect snowfall, river floods, heat waves, ice seasons, and drought. We also address some ecological extremes and the implications of extreme events for society (phytoplankton blooms, forest fires, coastal flooding, offshore infrastructure, and shipping). Significant knowledge gaps are identified, including the response of large-scale atmospheric circulation to climate change and also concerning specific events, for example, the occurrence of marine heat waves and small-scale variability in precipitation. Suggestions for future research include the further development of high-resolution Earth system models and the potential use of methodologies for data analysis (statistical methods and machine learning). With respect to the expected impacts of climate change, changes are expected for sea level, extreme precipitation, heat waves and phytoplankton blooms (increase), and cold spells and severe ice winters (decrease). For some extremes (drying, river flooding, and extreme waves), the change depends on the area and time period studied.},
  issn = {2190-4979}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dibaldassarregiuliano_2017,
  title = {Drought and flood in the Anthropocene: Feedback mechanisms in reservoir operation},
  author = {Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Martinez, Fabian and Kalantari, Zahra and Viglione, Alberto},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Earth System Dynamics},
  volume = {1},
  number = {8},
  pages = {225--233},
  doi = {10.5194/esd-8-225-2017},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  abstract = {Abstract. Over the last few decades, numerous studies have investigated human impacts on drought and flood events, while conversely other studies have explored human responses to hydrological extremes. Yet, there is still little understanding about the dynamics resulting from their interplay, i.e. both impacts and responses. Current quantitative methods therefore can fail to assess future risk dynamics and, as a result, while risk reduction strategies built on these methods often work in the short term, they tend to lead to unintended consequences in the long term. In this paper, we review the puzzles and dynamics resulting from the interplay of society and hydrological extremes, and describe an initial effort to model hydrological extremes in the Anthropocene. In particular, we first discuss the need for a novel approach to explicitly account for human interactions with both drought and flood events, and then present a stylized model simulating the reciprocal effects between hydrological extremes and changing reservoir operation rules. Lastly, we highlight the unprecedented opportunity offered by the current proliferation of big data to unravel the coevolution of hydrological extremes and society across scales and along gradients of social and hydrological conditions.},
  issn = {2190-4979}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_harriganshaun_2020,
  title = {GloFAS-ERA5 operational global river discharge reanalysis 1979-present},
  author = {Harrigan, Shaun and Zsoter, Ervin and Alfieri, Lorenzo and Prudhomme, Christel and Salamon, Peter and Wetterhall, Fredrik and Barnard, Christopher and Cloke, Hannah L. and Pappenberger, Florian},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Earth System Science Data},
  volume = {3},
  number = {12},
  pages = {2043--2060},
  doi = {10.5194/essd-12-2043-2020},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  abstract = {Estimating how much water is flowing through rivers at the global scale is challenging due to a lack of observations in space and time. A way forward is to optimally combine the global network of earth system observations with advanced numerical weather prediction (NWP) models to generate consistent spatio-temporal maps of land, ocean, and atmospheric variables of interest, which is known as a reanalysis. While the current generation of NWP models output runoff at each grid cell, they currently do not produce river discharge at catchment scales directly and thus have limited utility in hydrological applications such as flood and drought monitoring and forecasting. This is overcome in the Global Flood Awareness System (GloFAS; http://www.globalfloods.eu/, last access: 28 June 2020) by coupling surface and sub-surface runoff from the Hydrology Tiled ECMWF Scheme for Surface Exchanges over Land (HTESSEL) land surface model used within ECMWF's latest global atmospheric reanalysis (ERA5) with the LISFLOOD hydrological and channel routing model. The aim of this paper is to describe and evaluate the GloFAS-ERA5 global river discharge reanalysis dataset launched on 5 November 2019 (version 2.1 release). The river discharge reanalysis is a global gridded dataset with a horizontal resolution of 0.1 degrees at a daily time step. An innovative feature is that it is produced in an operational environment so is available to users from 1 January 1979 until near real time (2 to 5 d behind real time). The reanalysis was evaluated against a global network of 1801 daily river discharge observation stations. Results found that the GloFAS-ERA5 reanalysis was skilful against a mean flow benchmark in 86% of catchments according to the modified Kling-Gupta efficiency skill score, although the strength of skill varied considerably with location. The global median Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.61 with an interquartile range of 0.44 to 0.74. The long-term and operational nature of the GloFAS-ERA5 reanalysis dataset provides a valuable dataset to the user community for applications ranging from monitoring global flood and drought conditions to the identification of hydroclimatic variability and change and as raw input for post-processing and machine learning methods that can add further value. The dataset is openly available from the Copernicus Climate Change Service Climate Data Store: https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/cems-glofas-historical?tab=overview (last access: 28 June 2020) with the following DOI: https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.a4fdd6b9 (C3S, 2019).},
  issn = {1866-3508}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_kreibichheidi_2023,
  title = {Panta Rhei benchmark dataset: Socio-hydrological data of paired events of floods and droughts},
  author = {Kreibich, Heidi and Schroeter, Kai and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Frappart, Frederic and Mazzoleni, Maurizio and Abeshu, Guta Wakbulcho and Agafonova, Svetlana and Aghakouchak, Amir and Aksoy, Hafzullah and Alvarez-Garreton, Camila and Aznar, Blanca and Balkhi, Laila and Barendrecht, Marlies H. and Biancamaria, Sylvain and Bos-Burgering, Liduin and Bradley, Chris and Budiyono, Yus and Buytaert, Wouter and Capewell, Lucinda and Carlson, Hayley and Cavus, Yonca and Couasnon, Anaïs and Coxon, Gemma and Daliakopoulos, Ioannis and De Ruiter, Marleen C. and Delus, Claire and Erfurt, Mathilde and Esposito, Giuseppe and François, Didier and Frappart, Frédéric and Freer, Jim and Frolova, Natalia and Gain, Animesh K. and Grillakis, Manolis and Grima, Jordi Oriol and Guzmán, Diego A. and Huning, Laurie S. and Ionita, Monica and Kharlamov, Maxim and Khoi, Dao Nguyen and Kieboom, Natalie and Kireeva, Maria and Koutroulis, Aristeidis and Lavado-Casimiro, Waldo and Li, Hong Yi and Llasat, Maria Carmen and Macdonald, David and Ward, Philip J. and Mathew-Richards, Hannah and Mckenzie, Andrew and Mejia, Alfonso and Mendiondo, Eduardo Mario and Mens, Marjolein and Mobini, Shifteh and Mohor, Guilherme Samprogna and Nagavciuc, Viorica and Ngo-Duc, Thanh and Nguyen, Huynh Thi Thao and Nhi, Pham Thi Thao and Petrucci, Olga and Quan, Nguyen Hong and Quintana-Seguí, Pere and Razavi, Saman and Ridolfi, Elena and Riegel, Jannik and Sadik, Md Shibly and Sairam, Nivedita and Savelli, Elisa and Sazonov, Alexey and Sharma, Sanjib and Soerensen, Johanna and Souza, Felipe Augusto Arguello and Stahl, Kerstin and Steinhausen, Max and Stoelzle, Michael and Szalińska, Wiwiana and Tang, Qiuhong and Tian, Fuqiang and van Vliet, Michelle T. H. and Tovar, Carolina and Tran, Thi Van Thu and van Huijgevoort, Marjolein H. J. and Van Vliet, Michelle T.H. and Vorogushyn, Sergiy and Wagener, Thorsten and Wang, Yueling and Wendt, Doris E. and Wickham, Elliot and Yang, Long and Zambrano-Bigiarini, Mauricio},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Earth System Science Data},
  volume = {5},
  number = {15},
  pages = {2009--2023},
  doi = {10.5194/essd-15-2009-2023},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  abstract = {As the adverse impacts of hydrological extremes increase in many regions of the world, a better understanding of the drivers of changes in risk and impacts is essential for effective flood and drought risk management and climate adaptation. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive, empirical data about the processes, interactions, and feedbacks in complex human-water systems leading to flood and drought impacts. Here we present a benchmark dataset containing socio-hydrological data of paired events, i.e. two floods or two droughts that occurred in the same area. The 45 paired events occurred in 42 different study areas and cover a wide range of socio-economic and hydro-climatic conditions. The dataset is unique in covering both floods and droughts, in the number of cases assessed and in the quantity of socio-hydrological data. The benchmark dataset comprises (1) detailed review-style reports about the events and key processes between the two events of a pair; (2) the key data table containing variables that assess the indicators which characterize management shortcomings, hazard, exposure, vulnerability, and impacts of all events; and (3) a table of the indicators of change that indicate the differences between the first and second event of a pair. The advantages of the dataset are that it enables comparative analyses across all the paired events based on the indicators of change and allows for detailed context- and location-specific assessments based on the extensive data and reports of the individual study areas. The dataset can be used by the scientific community for exploratory data analyses, e.g. focused on causal links between risk management; changes in hazard, exposure and vulnerability; and flood or drought impacts. The data can also be used for the development, calibration, and validation of socio-hydrological models. The dataset is available to the public through the GFZ Data Services (Kreibich et al., 2023, 10.5880/GFZ.4.4.2023.001).},
  issn = {1866-3508}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_lehnerbernhard_2025,
  title = {Mapping the world's inland surface waters: an upgrade to the Global Lakes and Wetlands Database (GLWD v2)},
  author = {Lehner, Bernhard and Anand, Mira and Fluet-Chouinard, Etienne and Tan, Florence and Aires, Filipe and Allen, George H. and Bousquet, Philippe and Canadell, Josep G. and Davidson, Nick and Ding, Meng and Max Finlayson, C. and Gumbricht, Thomas and Hilarides, Lammert and Hugelius, Gustaf and Jackson, Robert B. and Korver, Maartje C. and Liu, Liangyun and McIntyre, Peter B. and Nagy, Szabolcs and Olefeldt, David and Pavelsky, Tamlin M. and Pekel, Jean-Francois and Poulter, Benjamin and Prigent, Catherine and Wang, Jida and Worthington, Thomas A. and Yamazaki, Dai and Zhang, Xiao and Thieme, Michele},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Earth System Science Data},
  volume = {6},
  number = {17},
  pages = {2277--2329},
  doi = {10.5194/essd-17-2277-2025},
  language = {eng},
  abstract = {In recognition of the importance of inland waters, numerous datasets mapping their extents, types, or changes have been created using sources ranging from historical wetland maps to real-time satellite remote sensing. However, differences in definitions and methods have led to spatial and typological inconsistencies among individual data sources, confounding their complementary use and integration. The Global Lakes and Wetlands Database (GLWD), published in 2004, with its globally seamless depiction of 12 major vegetated and non-vegetated wetland classes at 1 km grid cell resolution, has emerged over the last few decades as a foundational reference map that has advanced research and conservation planning addressing freshwater biodiversity, ecosystem services, greenhouse gas emissions, land surface processes, hydrology, and human health. Here, we present a new iteration of this map, termed GLWD version 2, generated by harmonizing the latest ground- and satellite-based data products into one single database. Following the same design principle as its predecessor, GLWD v2 aims to avoid double counting of overlapping surface water features while differentiating between natural and non-natural lakes, rivers of multiple sizes, and several other wetland types. The classification of GLWD v2 incorporates information on seasonality (i.e., permanent vs. intermittent vs. ephemeral); inundation vs. saturation (i.e., flooding vs. waterlogged soils), vegetation cover (e.g., forested swamps vs. non-forested marshes), salinity (e.g., salt pans), natural vs. non-natural origins (e.g., rice paddies), and stratification of landscape position and water source (e.g., riverine, lacustrine, palustrine, coastal/marine). GLWD v2 represents 33 wetland classes and – including all intermittent classes – depicts a maximum of 18.2 ×106 km2 of wetlands (13.4 % of the global land area excluding Antarctica). The spatial extent of each class is provided as the fractional coverage within each grid cell at a resolution of 15 arcsec (approximately 500 m at the Equator), with cell fractions derived from input data at resolutions as small as 10 m. The upgraded GLWD v2 offers an improved representation of inland surface water extents and their classification for contemporary conditions (∼ 1984–2020). Despite being a static map, it includes classes that denote intrinsic temporal dynamics. GLWD v2 is designed to facilitate large-scale hydrological, ecological, biogeochemical, and conservation applications, aiming to support the study and protection of wetland ecosystems around the world. The GLWD v2 database is available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28519994 (Lehner et al., 2025).},
  issn = {1866-3508}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_arnallouise_2020,
  title = {"Are We talking just a bit of water out of bank? or is it Armageddon?" Front line perspectives on transitioning to probabilistic fluvial flood forecasts in England},
  author = {Arnal, Louise and Anspoks, Liz and Manson, Susan and Neumann, Jessica and Norton, Tim and Stephens, Elisabeth and Wolfenden, Louise and Cloke, Hannah Louise},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Geoscience Communication},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {203--232},
  doi = {10.5194/gc-3-203-2020},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus Publications},
  abstract = {By showing the uncertainty surrounding a prediction, probabilistic forecasts can give an earlier indication of potential upcoming floods, increasing the amount of time available to prepare. However, making a decision based on probabilistic information is challenging. As part of the UK-wide policy's move towards forecast-based flood risk management, the Environment Agency (EA), responsible for managing risks of flooding in England, is transitioning towards the use of probabilistic fluvial forecasts for flood early warning. While science and decision-making are both individually progressing, there is still a lack of an ideal framework for the incorporation of new and probabilistic science into decision-making practices, and, respectively, the uptake of decision-makers' perspectives in the design of scientific practice. To address this, interviews were carried out with EA decision-makers (i.e. Duty Officers), key players in the EA's flood warning decision-making process, to understand how they perceive this transition might impact on their decision-making. The interviews highlight the complex landscape in which EA Duty Officers operate and the breadth of factors that inform their decisions, in addition to the forecast. Although EA Duty Officers already account for uncertainty and communicate their confidence in the forecast they currently use, the interviews revealed a decision-making process which is still very binary and linear to an extent, which appears at odds with probabilistic forecasting. Based on the interview results, we make recommendations to support a successful transition to probabilistic forecasting for flood early warning in England. These recommendations include the new system's co-design together with Duty Officers, the preparation of clear guidelines on how probabilistic forecast should be used for decision-making in practice, EA communication with all players in the decision-making chain (internal and external) that this transition will become operational practice and the documentation of this transition to help other institutes yet to face a similar challenge. We believe that this paper is of wide interest for a range of sectors at the intersection between geoscience and society. A glossary of technical terms is highlighted by asterisks in the text and included in Appendix A.},
  issn = {2569-7102}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_emertonrebecca_2018,
  title = {Developing a global operational seasonal hydro-meteorological forecasting system: G1oFAS-Seasonal v1.0},
  author = {Emerton, Rebecca and Zsoter, Ervin and Arnal, Louise and Cloke, Hannah L. and Muraro, Davide and Prudhomme, Christel and Stephens, Elisabeth M. and Salamon, Peter and Pappenberger, Florian},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Geoscientific Model Development},
  volume = {8},
  number = {11},
  pages = {3327--3346},
  doi = {10.5194/gmd-11-3327-2018},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH},
  abstract = {Global overviews of upcoming flood and drought events are key for many applications, including disaster risk reduction initiatives. Seasonal forecasts are designed to provide early indications of such events weeks or even months in advance, but seasonal forecasts for hydrological variables at large or global scales are few and far between. Here, we present the first operational global-scale seasonal hydrometeorological forecasting system: G1oFAS-Seasonal. Developed as an extension of the Global Flood Awareness System (G1oFAS), G1oFAS-Seasonal couples seasonal meteorological forecasts from ECMWF with a hydrological model to provide openly available probabilistic forecasts of river flow out to 4 months ahead for the global river network. This system has potential benefits not only for disaster risk reduction through early awareness of floods and droughts, but also for water-related sectors such as agriculture and water resources management, in particular for regions where no other forecasting system exists. We describe the key hydrometeorological components and computational framework of G1oFAS-Seasonal, alongside the forecast products available, before discussing initial evaluation results and next steps.},
  issn = {1991-959X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_pappenbergerf_2007_1,
  title = {Fuzzy set approach to calibrating distributed flood inundation models using remote sensing observations},
  author = {Pappenberger, F. and Frodsham, K. and Beven, Keith J and Romanowicz, R. and Matgen, P.},
  year = {2007},
  journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {11},
  pages = {739--752},
  doi = {10.5194/hess-11-739-2007},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  keywords = {earth sciences},
  abstract = {The paper presents a methodology for the estimation of uncertainty of inundation extent, which takes account of the uncertainty in the observed spatially distributed information and implements a fuzzy evaluation methodology. The Generalised Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) technique and the 2-D LISFLOOD-FP model were applied to derive the set of uncertain inundation realisations and resulting flood inundation maps. Conditioning of the inundation maps on fuzzified Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images results in much more realistic inundation risk maps which can better depict the variable pattern of inundation extent than previously used methods. It has been shown that the evaluation methodology compares well to traditional approaches and can produce flood hazard maps that reflect the uncertainties in model evaluation.},
  issn = {1027-5606}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_brauercc_2011,
  title = {Anatomy of extraordinary rainfall and flash flood in a Dutch lowland catchment},
  author = {Brauer, C. C. and Teuling, A. J. and Overeem, A. and van der Velde, Y. and Hazenberg, P. and Warmerdam, P. M. M. and Uijlenhoet, R.},
  year = {2011},
  journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
  number = {15},
  pages = {1991--2005},
  doi = {10.5194/hess-15-1991-2011},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  abstract = {On 26 August 2010 the eastern part of The Netherlands and the bordering part of Germany were struck by a series of rainfall events lasting for more than a day. Over an area of 740 km(2) more than 120 mm of rainfall were observed in 24 h. This extreme event resulted in local flooding of city centres, highways and agricultural fields, and considerable financial loss. In this paper we report on the unprecedented flash flood triggered by this exceptionally heavy rainfall event in the 6.5 km(2) Hupsel Brook catchment, which has been the experimental watershed employed by Wageningen University since the 1960s. This study aims to improve our understanding of the dynamics of such lowland flash floods. We present a detailed hydrometeorological analysis of this extreme event, focusing on its synoptic meteorological characteristics, its space-time rainfall dynamics as observed with rain gauges, weather radar and a microwave link, as well as the measured soil moisture, groundwater and discharge response of the catchment. At the Hupsel Brook catchment 160 mm of rainfall was observed in 24 h, corresponding to an estimated return period of well over 1000 years. As a result, discharge at the catchment outlet increased from 4.4x10(-3) to nearly 5m(3) s(-1). Within 7 h discharge rose from 5x10(-2) to 4.5m(3) s(-1). The catchment response can be divided into four phases: (1) soil moisture reservoir filling, (2) groundwater response, (3) surface depression filling and surface runoff and (4) backwater feedback. The first 35mm of rainfall were stored in the soil without a significant increase in discharge. Relatively dry initial conditions (in comparison to those for past discharge extremes) prevented an even faster and more extreme hydrological response.},
  issn = {1027-5606}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dahlkehelene_2012,
  title = {Contrasting trends in floods for two sub-arctic catchments in northern Sweden - does glacier presence matter?},
  author = {Dahlke, Helen E. and Lyon, Steve W. and Stedinger, J. R. and Rosqvist, Gunhild and Jansson, Peter},
  year = {2012},
  journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
  volume = {7},
  number = {16},
  pages = {2123--2141},
  doi = {10.5194/hess-16-2123-2012},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  abstract = {Our understanding is limited to how transient changes in glacier response to climate warming will influence the catchment hydrology in the Arctic and Sub-Arctic. This understanding is particularly incomplete for flooding extremes because understanding the frequency of such unusual events requires long records of observation not often available for the Arctic and Sub-Arctic. This study presents a statistical analysis of trends in the magnitude and timing of flood extremes and the mean summer discharge in two sub-arctic catchments, Tarfala and Abisko, in northern Sweden. The catchments have different glacier covers (30% and 1%, respectively). Statistically significant trends (at the 5% level) were identified for both catchments on an annual and on a seasonal scale (3-months averages) using the Mann-Kendall trend test. Stationarity of flood records was tested by analyzing trends in the flood quantiles, using generalized least squares regression. Hydrologic trends were related to observed changes in the precipitation and air temperature, and were correlated with 3-months averaged climate pattern indices (e.g. North Atlantic oscillation). Both catchments showed a statistically significant increase in the annual mean air temperature over the comparison time period of 1985-2009 (Tarfala and Abisko p < 0.01), but did not show significant trends in the total precipitation (Tarfala p = 0.91, Abisko p = 0.44). Despite the similar climate evolution over the studied period in the two catchments, data showed contrasting trends in the magnitude and timing of flood peaks and the mean summer discharge. Hydrologic trends indicated an amplification of the streamflow and flood response in the highly glacierized catchment and a dampening of the response in the non-glacierized catchment. The glacierized mountain catchment showed a statistically significant increasing trend in the flood magnitudes (p = 0.04) that is clearly correlated to the occurrence of extreme precipitation events. It also showed a significant increase in mean summer discharge (p = 0.0002), which is significantly correlated to the decrease in glacier mass balance and the increase in air temperature (p = 0.08). Conversely, the non-glacierized catchment showed a significant decrease in the mean summer discharge (p = 0.01), the flood magnitudes (p = 0.07) and an insignificant trend towards earlier flood occurrences (p = 0.53). These trends are explained by a reduction of the winter snow pack due to higher temperatures in the winter and spring and an increasing soil water storage capacity or catchment storage due to progressively thawing permafrost.},
  issn = {1027-5606}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dibaldassarregiuliano_2013,
  title = {Towards understanding the dynamic behaviour of floodplains as human-water systems},
  author = {Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Kooy, M. and Kemerink, J. S. and Brandimarte, Luigia},
  year = {2013},
  journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
  volume = {8},
  number = {17},
  pages = {3235--3244},
  doi = {10.5194/hess-17-3235-2013},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  abstract = {This paper offers a conceptual approach to explore the complex dynamics of floodplains as fully coupled human-water systems. A number of hydrologists have recently investigated the impact of human activities (such as flood control measures, land-use changes, and settlement patterns) on the frequency and severity of floods. Meanwhile, social scientists have shown how interactions between society and waters in deltas and floodplain areas, including the frequency and severity of floods, have an impact on the ways in which social relations unfold (in terms of governance processes, policies, and institutions) and societies are organised (spatially, politically, and socially). However, we argue that the interactions and associated feedback mechanisms between hydrological and social processes remain largely unexplored and poorly understood. Thus, there is a need to better understand how the institutions and governance processes interact with hydrological processes in deltas and floodplains to influence the frequency and severity of floods, while (in turn) hydrological processes co-constitute the social realm and make a difference for how social relations unfold to shape governance processes and institutions. Our research goal, therefore, is not in identifying one or the other side of the cycle (hydrological or social), but in explaining the relationship between them: how, when, where, and why they interact, and to what result for both social relations and hydrological processes? We argue that long time series of hydrological and social data, along with remote sensing data, can be used to observe floodplain dynamics from unconventional approaches, and understand the complex interactions between water and human systems taking place in floodplain areas, across scales and levels of human impacts, and within different hydro-climatic conditions, socio-cultural settings, and modes of governance.},
  issn = {1027-5606}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dibaldassarregiuliano_2013_1,
  title = {Socio-hydrology: conceptualising human-flood interactions},
  author = {Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Viglione, A. and Carr, G. and Kuil, L. and Salinas, J. L. and Blöschl, G.},
  year = {2013},
  journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
  volume = {8},
  number = {17},
  pages = {3295--3303},
  doi = {10.5194/hess-17-3295-2013},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  abstract = {Over history, humankind has tended to settle near streams because of the role of rivers as transportation corridors and the fertility of riparian areas. However, human settlements in floodplains have been threatened by the risk of flooding. Possible responses have been to resettle away and/or modify the river system by building flood control structures. This has led to a complex web of interactions and feedback mechanisms between hydrological and social processes in settled floodplains. This paper is an attempt to conceptualise these interplays for hypothetical human-flood systems. We develop a simple, dynamic model to represent the interactions and feedback loops between hydrological and social processes. The model is then used to explore the dynamics of the human-flood system and the effect of changing individual characteristics, including external forcing such as technological development. The results show that the conceptual model is able to reproduce reciprocal effects between floods and people as well as the emergence of typical patterns. For instance, when levees are built or raised to protect floodplain areas, their presence not only reduces the frequency of flooding, but also exacerbates high water levels. Then, because of this exacerbation, higher flood protection levels are required by society. As a result, more and more flooding events are avoided, but rare and catastrophic events take place.},
  issn = {1027-5606}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_retsdag_2015,
  title = {Documentary evidence of historical floods and extreme rainfall events in Sweden 1400-1800},
  author = {Retsö, Dag},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {19},
  pages = {1307--1323},
  doi = {10.5194/hess-19-1307-2015},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  abstract = {This article explores documentary evidence of floods and extreme rainfall events in Sweden in the pre-instrumental period (1400-1800). The survey shows that two sub-periods can be considered as flood-rich, 1590-1670 and the early 18th century. The result related to a low degree of human impact on hydrology during the period, suggests that climatic factors, such as lower temperatures and increased precipitation connected to the so-called Little Ice Age rather than large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns, should be considered as the main driver behind flood frequency and magnitude.},
  issn = {1027-5606}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_rouillardalexandra_2015,
  title = {Impacts of high inter-annual variability of rainfall on a century of extreme hydrologic regime of northwest Australia},
  author = {Rouillard, Alexandra and Skrzypek, G. and Dogramaci, S. and Turney, C. and Grierson, P. F.},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
  volume = {4},
  number = {19},
  pages = {2057--2078},
  doi = {10.5194/hess-19-2057-2015},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus Publications},
  abstract = {Long-term hydrologic records provide crucial reference baselines of natural variability that can be used to evaluate potential changes in hydrologic regimes and their impacts. However, there is a dearth of studies of the hydrologic regimes for tropical drylands where intraseasonal and interannual variability in magnitude and frequency of precipitation are extreme. Here, we sought to identify the main hydroclimatic determinants of the strongly episodic flood regime of a large catchment in the semi-arid, subtropical northwest of Australia and to establish the background of hydrologic variability for the region over the last century. We used a monthly sequence of satellite images to quantify surface water expression on the Fortescue Marsh, the largest water feature of inland northwest Australia, from 1988 to 2012. We used this sequence together with instrumental rainfall data to build a statistical model with multiple linear regression and reconstruct monthly history of floods and droughts since 1912. We found that severe and intense regional rainfall events, as well as the sequence of recharge events both within and between years, determine surface water expression on the floodplain (i.e. total rainfall, number of rain days and carried-over inundated area; R-adj(2) = 0.79; p value < 0.001, E-RMSP = 56 km(2)). The most severe reconstructed inundation over the last century was in March 2000 (1000 km(2)), which is less than the 1300 km(2) area required to overflow to the adjacent catchment. The Fortescue Marsh was completely dry for 32% of all years, for periods of up to four consecutive years. Extremely wet years (seven of the 100 years) caused the Marsh to remain inundated for up to 12 months; only 25% of years (9% of all months) had floods of greater than 300 km(2). The prolonged, severe and consecutive yearly inundations between 1999 and 2006 were unprecedented compared to the last century. While there is high inter-annual variability in the system, if the frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall events for the region were to increase (or be similar to 1999-2006), surface water on the Marsh will become more persistent, in turn impacting its structure and functioning as a wetland.},
  issn = {1027-5606}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hashemihossein_2015,
  title = {Coupled modeling approach to assess climate change impacts on groundwater recharge and adaptation in arid areas: Coupled modeling approach to assess climate change impacts on groundwater recharge},
  author = {Hashemi, Hossein and Bertacchi Uvo, Cintia and Berndtsson, Ronny},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
  volume = {10},
  number = {19},
  pages = {4165--4181},
  doi = {10.5194/hess-19-4165-2015},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: European Geophysical Society},
  abstract = {The effect of future climate scenarios on surface and groundwater resources was simulated using a model- ing approach for an artificial recharge area in arid southern Iran. Future climate data for the periods of 2010–2030 and 2030–2050 were acquired from the Canadian Global Coupled Model (CGCM 3.1) for scenarios A1B, A2, and B1. These scenarios were adapted to the studied region us- ing the delta-change method. A conceptual rainfall–runoff model (Qbox) was used to simulate runoff in a flash flood prone catchment. The model was calibrated and validated for the period 2002–2011 using daily discharge data. The projected climate variables were used to simulate future runoff. The rainfall–runoff model was then coupled to a calibrated groundwater flow and recharge model (MODFLOW) to simulate future recharge and groundwater hydraulic heads. As a result of the rainfall–runoff modeling, under the B1 scenario the number of floods is projected to slightly increase in the area. This in turn calls for proper management, as this is the only source of fresh water supply in the studied region. The results of the groundwater recharge modeling showed no significant difference between present and future recharge for all scenarios. Owing to that, four abstraction and recharge scenarios were assumed to simulate the groundwater level and recharge amount in the studied aquifer. The results showed that the abstraction scenarios have the most substantial effect on the groundwater level and the continuation of current pumping rate would lead to a groundwater decline by 18 m up to 2050.},
  issn = {1607-7938}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_aliamd_2015,
  title = {Assessing the impact of different sources of topographic data on 1-D hydraulic modelling of floods},
  author = {Ali, A. Md and Solomatine, D. P. and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano},
  year = {2015},
  journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
  volume = {1},
  number = {19},
  pages = {631--643},
  doi = {10.5194/hess-19-631-2015},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  abstract = {Topographic data, such as digital elevation models (DEMs), are essential input in flood inundation modelling. DEMs can be derived from several sources either through remote sensing techniques (spaceborne or airborne imagery) or from traditional methods (ground survey). The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), the light detection and ranging (lidar), and topographic contour maps are some of the most commonly used sources of data for DEMs. These DEMs are characterized by different precision and accuracy. On the one hand, the spatial resolution of low-cost DEMs from satellite imagery, such as ASTER and SRTM, is rather coarse (around 30 to 90 m). On the other hand, the lidar technique is able to produce high-resolution DEMs (at around 1 m), but at a much higher cost. Lastly, contour mapping based on ground survey is time consuming, particularly for higher scales, and may not be possible for some remote areas. The use of these different sources of DEM obviously affects the results of flood inundation models. This paper shows and compares a number of 1-D hydraulic models developed using HEC-RAS as model code and the aforementioned sources of DEM as geometric input. To test model selection, the outcomes of the 1-D models were also compared, in terms of flood water levels, to the results of 2-D models (LISFLOOD-FP). The study was carried out on a reach of the Johor River, in Malaysia. The effect of the different sources of DEMs (and different resolutions) was investigated by considering the performance of the hydraulic models in simulating flood water levels as well as inundation maps. The outcomes of our study show that the use of different DEMs has serious implications to the results of hydraulic models. The outcomes also indicate that the loss of model accuracy due to re-sampling the highest resolution DEM (i.e. lidar 1 m) to lower resolution is much less than the loss of model accuracy due to the use of lowcost DEM that have not only a lower resolution, but also a lower quality. Lastly, to better explore the sensitivity of the 1-D hydraulic models to different DEMs, we performed an uncertainty analysis based on the GLUE methodology.},
  issn = {1027-5606}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_vanloonannef_2016,
  title = {Drought in a human-modified world: reframing drought definitions, understanding, and analysis approaches},
  author = {Van Loon, Anne F. and Stahl, Kerstin and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Clark, Julian and Rangecroft, Sally and Wanders, Niko and Gleeson, Tom and Van Dijk, Albert I. J. M. and Tallaksen, Lena M. and Hannaford, Jamie and Uijlenhoet, Remko and Teuling, Adriaan J. and Hannah, David M. and Sheffield, Justin and Svoboda, Mark and Verbeiren, Boud and Wagener, Thorsten and Van Lanen, Henny A. J.},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
  volume = {9},
  number = {20},
  pages = {3631--3650},
  doi = {10.5194/hess-20-3631-2016},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  abstract = {In the current human-modified world, or Anthropocene, the state of water stores and fluxes has become dependent on human as well as natural processes. Water deficits (or droughts) are the result of a complex interaction between meteorological anomalies, land surface processes, and human inflows, outflows, and storage changes. Our current inability to adequately analyse and manage drought in many places points to gaps in our understanding and to inadequate data and tools. The Anthropocene requires a new framework for drought definitions and research. Drought definitions need to be revisited to explicitly include human processes driving and modifying soil moisture drought and hydrological drought development. We give recommendations for robust drought definitions to clarify timescales of drought and prevent confusion with related terms such as water scarcity and overexploitation. Additionally, our understanding and analysis of drought need to move from single driver to multiple drivers and from uni-directional to multi-directional. We identify research gaps and propose analysis approaches on (1) drivers, (2) modifiers, (3) impacts, (4) feedbacks, and (5) changing the baseline of drought in the Anthropocene. The most pressing research questions are related to the attribution of drought to its causes, to linking drought impacts to drought characteristics, and to societal adaptation and responses to drought. Example questions include (i) What are the dominant drivers of drought in different parts of the world? (ii) How do human modifications of drought enhance or alleviate drought severity? (iii) How do impacts of drought depend on the physical characteristics of drought vs. the vulnerability of people or the environment? (iv) To what extent are physical and human drought processes coupled, and can feedback loops be identified and altered to lessen or mitigate drought? (v) How should we adapt our drought analysis to accommodate changes in the normal situation (i.e. what are considered normal or reference conditions) over time? Answering these questions requires exploration of qualitative and quantitative data as well as mixed modelling approaches. The challenges related to drought research and management in the Anthropocene are not unique to drought, but do require urgent attention. We give recommendations drawn from the fields of flood research, ecology, water management, and water resources studies. The framework presented here provides a holistic view on drought in the Anthropocene, which will help improve management strategies for mitigating the severity and reducing the impacts of droughts in future.},
  issn = {1027-5606}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_fuentesandinodiana_2017_2,
  title = {Reproducing an extreme flood with uncertain post-event information},
  author = {Fuentes–Andino, Diana and Beven, Keith and Halldin, Sven and Xu, Chong-Yu and Reynolds, Eduardo and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions},
  volume = {7},
  number = {21},
  pages = {3597--3618},
  doi = {10.5194/hess-21-3597-2017},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  abstract = {Studies for the prevention and mitigation of floods require information on discharge and extent of inundation, commonly unavailable or uncertain, especially during extreme events. This study was initiated by the devastating flood in Tegucigalpa, the capital of Honduras, when Hurricane Mitch struck the city. In this study we hypothesized that it is possible to estimate, in a trustworthy way considering large data uncertainties, this extreme 1998 flood discharge and the extent of the inundations that followed from a combination of models and post-event measured data. Postevent data collected in 2000 and 2001 were used to estimate discharge peaks, times of peak, and high-water marks. These data were used in combination with rain data from two gauges to drive and constrain a combination of well-known modelling tools: TOPMODEL, Muskingum-Cunge-Todini routing, and the LISFLOOD-FP hydraulic model. Simulations were performed within the generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) uncertainty-analysis framework. The model combination predicted peak discharge, times of peaks, and more than 90% of the observed highwater marks within the uncertainty bounds of the evaluation data. This allowed an inundation likelihood map to be produced. Observed high-water marks could not be reproduced at a few locations on the floodplain. Identifications of these locations are useful to improve model set-up, model structure, or post-event data-estimation methods. Rainfall data were of central importance in simulating the times of peak and results would be improved by a better spatial assessment of rainfall, e. g. from radar data or a denser rain-gauge net-work. Our study demonstrated that it was possible, considering the uncertainty in the post-event data, to reasonably reproduce the extreme Mitch flood in Tegucigalpa in spite of no hydrometric gauging during the event. The method proposed here can be part of a Bayesian framework in which more events can be added into the analysis as they become available.},
  issn = {1812-2108}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mazzolenimaurizio_2017_2,
  title = {Can assimilation of crowdsourced data in hydrological modelling improve flood prediction?},
  author = {Mazzoleni, Maurizio and Verlaan, Martin and Alfonso, Leonardo and Monego, Martina and Norbiato, Daniele and Ferri, Miche and Solomatine, Dimitri P.},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {21},
  pages = {839--861},
  doi = {10.5194/hess-21-839-2017},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  abstract = {Monitoring stations have been used for decades to properly measure hydrological variables and better predict floods. To this end, methods to incorporate these observations into mathematical water models have also been developed. Besides, in recent years, the continued technological advances, in combination with the growing inclusion of citizens in participatory processes related to water resources management, have encouraged the increase of citizen science projects around the globe. In turn, this has stimulated the spread of low-cost sensors to allow citizens to participate in the collection of hydrological data in a more distributed way than the classic static physical sensors do. However, two main disadvantages of such crowdsourced data are the irregular availability and variable accuracy from sensor to sensor, which makes them challenging to use in hydrological modelling. This study aims to demonstrate that streamflow data, derived from crowdsourced water level observations, can improve flood prediction if integrated in hydrological models. Two different hydrological models, applied to four case studies, are considered. Realistic (albeit synthetic) time series are used to represent crowdsourced data in all case studies. In this study, it is found that the data accuracies have much more influence on the model results than the irregular frequencies of data availability at which the streamflow data are assimilated. This study demonstrates that data collected by citizens, characterized by being asynchronous and inaccurate, can still complement traditional networks formed by few accurate, static sensors and improve the accuracy of flood forecasts.},
  issn = {1027-5606}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_arnallouise_2018,
  title = {Skilful seasonal forecasts of streamflow over Europe?},
  author = {Arnal, Louise and Cloke, Hannah L. and Stephens, Elisabeth and Wetterhall, Fredrik and Prudhomme, Christel and Neumann, Jessica and Krzeminski, Blazej and Pappenberger, Florian},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
  volume = {4},
  number = {22},
  pages = {2057--2072},
  doi = {10.5194/hess-22-2057-2018},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  abstract = {This paper considers whether there is any added value in using seasonal climate forecasts instead of historical meteorological observations for forecasting streamflow on seasonal timescales over Europe. A Europe-wide analysis of the skill of the newly operational EFAS (European Flood Awareness System) seasonal streamflow forecasts (produced by forcing the Lisflood model with the ECMWF System 4 seasonal climate forecasts), benchmarked against the ensemble streamflow prediction (ESP) forecasting approach (produced by forcing the Lisflood model with historical meteorological observations), is undertaken. The results suggest that, on average, the System 4 seasonal climate forecasts improve the streamflow predictability over historical meteorological observations for the first month of lead time only (in terms of hindcast accuracy, sharpness and overall performance). However, the predictability varies in space and time and is greater in winter and autumn. Parts of Europe additionally exhibit a longer predictability, up to 7 months of lead time, for certain months within a season. In terms of hindcast reliability, the EFAS seasonal streamflow hindcasts are on average less skilful than the ESP for all lead times. The results also highlight the potential usefulness of the EFAS seasonal streamflow forecasts for decision-making (measured in terms of the hindcast discrimination for the lower and upper terciles of the simulated streamflow). Although the ESP is the most potentially useful forecasting approach in Europe, the EFAS seasonal streamflow forecasts appear more potentially useful than the ESP in some regions and for certain seasons, especially in winter for almost 40 % of Europe. Patterns in the EFAS seasonal streamflow hindcast skill are however not mirrored in the System 4 seasonal climate hindcasts, hinting at the need for a better understanding of the link between hydrological and meteorological variables on seasonal timescales, with the aim of improving climate-model-based seasonal streamflow forecasting.},
  issn = {1027-5606}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_metcalfepeter_2018,
  title = {A new method, with application, for analysis of the impacts on flood risk of widely distributed enhanced hillslope storage},
  author = {Metcalfe, Peter and Beven, Keith and Hankin, Barry and Lamb, Rob},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
  volume = {4},
  number = {22},
  pages = {2589--2605},
  doi = {10.5194/hess-22-2589-2018},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  abstract = {Enhanced hillslope storage is utilised in natural flood management in order to retain overland storm run-off and to reduce connectivity between fast surface flow pathways and the channel. Examples include excavated ponds, deepened or bunded accumulation areas, and gullies and ephemeral channels blocked with wooden barriers or debris dams.The performance of large, distributed networks of such measures is poorly understood. Extensive schemes can potentially retain large quantities of run-off, but there are indications that much of their effectiveness can be attributed to desynchronisation of sub-catchment flood waves. Inappropriately sited measures may therefore increase, rather than mitigate, flood risk. Fully distributed hydrodynamic models have been applied in limited studies but introduce significant computational complexity. The longer run times of such models also restrict their use for uncertainty estimation or evaluation of the many potential configurations and storm sequences that may influence the timings and magnitudes of flood waves.Here a simplified overland flow-routing module and semi-distributed representation of enhanced hillslope storage is developed. It is applied to the headwaters of a large rural catchment in Cumbria, UK, where the use of an extensive network of storage features is proposed as a flood mitigation strategy. The models were run within a Monte Carlo framework against data for a 2-month period of extreme flood events that caused significant damage in areas downstream. Acceptable realisations and likelihood weightings were identified using the GLUE uncertainty estimation framework. Behavioural realisations were rerun against the catchment model modified with the addition of the hillslope storage. Three different drainage rate parameters were applied across the network of hillslope storage.The study demonstrates that schemes comprising widely distributed hillslope storage can be modelled effectively within such a reduced complexity framework. It shows the importance of drainage rates from storage features while operating through a sequence of events. We discuss limitations in the simplified representation of overland flow-routing and representation and storage, and how this could be improved using experimental evidence. We suggest ways in which features could be grouped more strategically and thus improve the performance of such schemes.},
  issn = {1027-5606}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mazzolenimaurizio_2018_1,
  title = {Exploring the influence of citizen involvement on the assimilation of crowdsourced observations: A modelling study based on the 2013 flood event in the Bacchiglione catchment (Italy)},
  author = {Mazzoleni, Maurizio and Juliette Cortes Arevalo, Vivian and Wehn, Uta and Alfonso, Leonardo and Norbiato, Daniele and Monego, Martina and Ferri, Michele and Solomatine, Dimitri P.},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
  volume = {1},
  number = {22},
  pages = {391--416},
  doi = {10.5194/hess-22-391-2018},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  abstract = {To improve hydrological predictions, real-time measurements derived from traditional physical sensors are integrated within mathematic models. Recently, traditional sensors are being complemented with crowdsourced data (social sensors). Although measurements from social sensors can be low cost and more spatially distributed, other factors like spatial variability of citizen involvement, decreasing involvement over time, variable observations accuracy and feasibility for model assimilation play an important role in accurate flood predictions. Only a few studies have investigated the benefit of assimilating uncertain crowdsourced data in hydrological and hydraulic models. In this study, we investigate the usefulness of assimilating crowdsourced observations from a heterogeneous network of static physical, static social and dynamic social sensors. We assess improvements in the model prediction performance for different spatial–temporal scenarios of citizen involvement levels. To that end, we simulate an extreme flood event that occurred in the Bacchiglione catchment  (Italy) in May 2013 using a semi-distributed hydrological model with the station at Ponte degli Angeli (Vicenza) as the prediction–validation point. A conceptual hydrological model is implemented by the Alto Adriatico Water Authority and it is used to estimate runoff from the different sub-catchments, while a hydraulic model is implemented to propagate the flow along the river reach. In both models, a Kalman filter is implemented to assimilate the crowdsourced observations. Synthetic crowdsourced observations are generated for either static social or dynamic social sensors because these measures were not available at the time of the study. We consider two sets of experiments: (i) assuming random probability of receiving crowdsourced observations and (ii) using theoretical scenarios of citizen motivations, and consequent involvement levels, based on population distribution. The results demonstrate the usefulness of integrating crowdsourced observations. First, the assimilation of crowdsourced observations located at upstream points of the Bacchiglione catchment ensure high model performance for high lead-time values, whereas observations at the outlet of the catchments provide good results for short lead times. Second, biased and inaccurate crowdsourced observations can significantly affect model results. Third, the theoretical scenario of citizens motivated by their feeling of belonging to a community of friends has the best effect in the model performance. However, flood prediction only improved when such small communities are located in the upstream portion of the Bacchiglione catchment. Finally, decreasing involvement over time leads to a reduction in model performance and consequently inaccurate flood forecasts.},
  issn = {1027-5606}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ferdousmdruknul_2018,
  title = {Socio-hydrological spaces in the Jamuna River floodplain in Bangladesh},
  author = {Ferdous, Md Ruknul and Wesselink, Anna and Brandimarte, Luigia and Slager, Kymo and Zwarteveen, Margreet and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
  volume = {10},
  number = {22},
  pages = {5159--5173},
  doi = {10.5194/hess-22-5159-2018},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus Gesellschaft},
  abstract = {Socio-hydrology aims to understand the dynamics and co-evolution of coupled human-water systems, with research consisting of generic models as well as specific case studies. In this paper, we propose a concept to help bridge the gap between these two types of socio-hydrological studies: socio-hydrological spaces (SHSs). A socio-hydrological space is a geographical area in a landscape. Its particular combination of hydrological and social features gives rise to the emergence of distinct interactions and dynamics (patterns) between society and water. Socio-hydrological research on human-flood interactions has found two generic responses, "fight" or "adapt". Distilling the patterns resulting from these responses in case studies provides a promising way to relate contextual specificities to the generic patterns described by conceptual models. Through the use of SHSs, different cases can be compared globally without aspiring to capturing them in a formal model. We illustrate the use of SHS for the Jamuna floodplain, Bangladesh. We use narratives and experiences of local experts and inhabitants to empirically describe and delimit SHS. We corroborated the resulting classification through the statistical analysis of primary data collected for the purpose (household surveys and focus group discussions) and secondary data (statistics, maps etc.). Our example of the use of SHSs shows that the concept draws attention to how historical patterns in the co-evolution of social behaviour, natural processes and technological interventions give rise to different landscapes, different styles of living and different ways of organising livelihoods. This provides a texture to the more generic patterns generated by socio-hydrological models, promising to make the resulting analysis more directly useful for decision makers. We propose that the usefulness of this concept in other floodplains, and for other socio-hydrological systems than floodplains, should be explored.},
  issn = {1027-5606}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dibaldassarregiuliano_2018_2,
  title = {Hess Opinions: An interdisciplinary research agenda to explore the unintended consequences of structural flood protection},
  author = {Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Kreibich, Heidi and Vorogushyn, Sergiy and Aerts, Jeroen and Arnbjerg-Nielsen, Karsten and Barendrecht, Marlies and Bates, Paul and Borga, Marco and Botzen, Wouter and Bubeck, Philip and De Marchi, Bruna and Llasat, Carmen and Mazzoleni, Maurizio and Molinari, Daniela and Mondino, Elena and Mård, Johanna and Petrucci, Olga and Scolobig, Anna and Viglione, Alberto and Ward, Philip J.},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
  volume = {11},
  number = {22},
  pages = {5629--5637},
  doi = {10.5194/hess-22-5629-2018},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH},
  abstract = {One common approach to cope with floods is the implementation of structural flood protection measures, such as levees or flood-control reservoirs, which substantially reduce the probability of flooding at the time of implementation. Numerous scholars have problematized this approach. They have shown that increasing the levels of flood protection can attract more settlements and high-value assets in the areas protected by the new measures. Other studies have explored how structural measures can generate a sense of complacency, which can act to reduce preparedness. These paradoxical risk changes have been described as "levee effect", "safe development paradox" or "safety dilemma". In this commentary, we briefly review this phenomenon by critically analysing the intended benefits and unintended effects of structural flood protection, and then we propose an interdisciplinary research agenda to uncover these paradoxical dynamics of risk.},
  issn = {1027-5606}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_townerjamie_2019,
  title = {Assessing the performance of global hydrological models for capturing peak river flows in the Amazon basin},
  author = {Towner, Jamie and Cloke, Hannah L. and Zsoter, Ervin and Flamig, Zachary and Hoch, Jannis M. and Bazo, Juan and de Perez, Erin Coughlan and Stephens, Elisabeth M.},
  year = {2019},
  journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
  volume = {7},
  number = {23},
  pages = {3057--3080},
  doi = {10.5194/hess-23-3057-2019},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH},
  abstract = {Extreme flooding impacts millions of people that live within the Amazon floodplain. Global hydrological models (GHMs) are frequently used to assess and inform the management of flood risk, but knowledge on the skill of available models is required to inform their use and development. This paper presents an intercomparison of eight different GHMs freely available from collaborators of the Global Flood Partnership (GFP) for simulating floods in the Amazon basin. To gain insight into the strengths and shortcomings of each model, we assess their ability to reproduce daily and annual peak river flows against gauged observations at 75 hydrological stations over a 19-year period (1997-2015). As well as highlighting regional variability in the accuracy of simulated streamflow, these results indicate that (a) the meteorological input is the dominant control on the accuracy of both daily and annual maximum river flows, and (b) ground-water and routing calibration of Lisflood based on daily river flows has no impact on the ability to simulate flood peaks for the chosen river basin. These findings have important relevance for applications of large-scale hydrological models, including analysis of the impact of climate variability, assessment of the influence of long-term changes such as land-use and anthropogenic climate change, the assessment of flood likelihood, and for flood forecasting systems.},
  issn = {1027-5606}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_wuliwen_2021,
  title = {How daily groundwater table drawdown affects the diel rhythm of hyporheic exchange},
  author = {Wu, Liwen and Gomez-Velez, Jesus D. and Krause, Stefan and Wörman, Anders and Singh, Tanu and Nuetzmann, Gunnar and Lewandowski, Joerg},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
  volume = {4},
  number = {25},
  pages = {1905--1921},
  doi = {10.5194/hess-25-1905-2021},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  abstract = {Groundwater table dynamics extensively modify the volume of the hyporheic zone and the rate of hyporheic exchange processes. Understanding the effects of daily groundwater table fluctuations on the tightly coupled flow and heat transport within hyporheic zones is crucial for water resources management. With this aim in mind, a physically based model is used to explore hyporheic responses to varying groundwater table fluctuation scenarios. The effects of different timing and amplitude of groundwater table daily drawdowns under gaining and losing conditions are explored in hyporheic zones influenced by natural flood events and diel river temperature fluctuations. We find that both diel river temperature fluctuations and daily groundwater table drawdowns play important roles in determining the spatiotemporal variability of hyporheic exchange rates, temperature of exfiltrating hyporheic fluxes, mean residence times, and hyporheic denitrification potentials. Groundwater table dynamics present substantially distinct impacts on hyporheic exchange under gaining or losing conditions. The timing of groundwater table drawdown has a direct influence on hyporheic exchange rates and hyporheic buffering capacity on thermal disturbances. Consequently, the selection of aquifer pumping regimes has significant impacts on the dispersal of pollutants in the aquifer and thermal heterogeneity in the sediment.},
  issn = {1027-5606}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_townerjamie_2021,
  title = {Influence of ENSO and tropical Atlantic climate variability on flood characteristics in the Amazon basin},
  author = {Towner, Jamie and Ficchi, Andrea and Cloke, Hannah L. and Bazo, Juan and Coughlan de Perez, Erin and Stephens, Elisabeth M.},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
  volume = {7},
  number = {25},
  pages = {3875--3895},
  doi = {10.5194/hess-25-3875-2021},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus Publications},
  abstract = {Flooding in the Amazon basin is frequently attributed to modes of large-scale climate variability, but little attention is paid to how these modes influence the timing and duration of floods despite their importance to early warning systems and the significant impacts that these flood characteristics can have on communities. In this study, river discharge data from the Global Flood Awareness System (Glo-FAS 2.1) and observed data at 58 gauging stations are used to examine whether positive or negative phases of several Pacific and Atlantic indices significantly alter the characteristics of river flows throughout the Amazon basin (19792015). Results show significant changes in both flood magnitude and duration, particularly in the north-eastern Amazon for negative El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phases when the sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly is positioned in the central tropical Pacific. This response is not identified for the eastern Pacific index, highlighting how the response can differ between ENSO types. Although flood magnitude and duration were found to be highly correlated, the impacts of large-scale climate variability on these characteristics are non-linear; some increases in annual flood maxima coincide with decreases in flood duration. The impact of flood timing, however, does not follow any notable pattern for all indices analysed. Finally, observed and simulated changes are found to be much more highly correlated for negative ENSO phases compared to the positive phase, meaning that GloFAS struggles to accurately simulate the differences in flood characteristics between El Nino and neutral years. These results have important implications for both the social and physical sectors working towards the improvement of early warning action systems for floods.},
  issn = {1027-5606}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_matthewsgwyneth_2022,
  title = {Evaluating the impact of post-processing medium-range ensemble streamflow forecasts from the European Flood Awareness System},
  author = {Matthews, Gwyneth and Barnard, Christopher and Cloke, Hannah L. and Dance, Sarah L. and Jurlina, Toni and Mazzetti, Cinzia and Prudhomme, Christel},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
  volume = {11},
  number = {26},
  pages = {2939--2968},
  doi = {10.5194/hess-26-2939-2022},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus Publications},
  abstract = {Streamflow forecasts provide vital information to aid emergency response preparedness and disaster risk reduction. Medium-range forecasts are created by forcing a hydrological model with output from numerical weather prediction systems. Uncertainties are unavoidably introduced throughout the system and can reduce the skill of the streamflow forecasts. Post-processing is a method used to quantify and reduce the overall uncertainties in order to improve the usefulness of the forecasts. The post-processing method that is used within the operational European Flood Awareness System is based on the model conditional processor and the ensemble model output statistics method. Using 2 years of reforecasts with daily timesteps, this method is evaluated for 522 stations across Europe. Post-processing was found to increase the skill of the forecasts at the majority of stations in terms of both the accuracy of the forecast median and the reliability of the forecast probability distribution. This improvement is seen at all lead times (up to 15 d) but is largest at short lead times. The greatest improvement was seen in low-lying, large catchments with long response times, whereas for catchments at high elevation and with very short response times the forecasts often failed to capture the magnitude of peak flows. Additionally, the quality and length of the observational time series used in the offline calibration of the method were found to be important. This evaluation of the post-processing method, and specifically the new information provided on characteristics that affect the performance of the method, will aid end users in making more informed decisions. It also highlights the potential issues that may be encountered when developing new post-processing methods.},
  issn = {1027-5606}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_chaich_2022,
  title = {Future snow changes and their impact on the upstream runoff in Salween},
  author = {Chai, C. H. and Wang, L. and Chen, Deliang and Zhou, J. and Liu, H. and Zhang, J. T. and Wang, Y. W. and Chen, T. and Liu, R. S.},
  year = {2022},
  journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
  volume = {18},
  number = {26},
  pages = {4657--4683},
  doi = {10.5194/hess-26-4657-2022},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  keywords = {glacier inventory data; kush-himalayan region; hydrological model; spatial-resolution; tibetan plateau; climate; temperature; asia; streamflow; product; water resources},
  abstract = {Understanding the hydrological processes related to snow in global mountainous regions under climate change is necessary for achieving regional water and food security (e.g., the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals 2 and 6). However, the impacts of future snow changes on the hydrological processes in the high mountains of the "Third Pole" are still largely unclear. In this study, we aimed to project future snow changes and their impacts on hydrology in the upstream region of the Salween River (USR) under two shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) scenarios (SSP126 and SSP585) using a physically based cryosphere-hydrology model. We found that the climate would become warmer (0.2 degrees C per decade under SSP126 and 0.7 degrees C per decade under SSP585) and wetter (5mm per decade under SPP126 and 27.8mm per decade under SSP585) in the USR in the future under these two SSPs. In this context, the snowfall, snow cover, snow water equivalent, and snowmelt runoff are projected to exhibit significant decreasing trends during 1995-2100, and the decreases are projected to be most prominent in summer and autumn. The future (2021-2100) snowmelt runoff is projected to significantly increase in spring compared with the reference period (1995-2014), which would benefit the availability of water resources in the growing season. The annual total runoff would significantly increase in all of the future periods due to increased rainfall, which would increase the availability of water resources within the basin, but the high peak flow that occurs in summer may cause rain flooding with short duration and high intensity. Compared with the reference period (the contribution of snowmelt runoff to the total runoff was determined to be 17.5 %), the rain- and snow-dominated pattern of runoff would shift to a rain-dominated pattern after the near term (2021-2040) under SSP585, whereas it would remain largely unchanged under SSP126. Climate change would mainly change the pattern of the snowmelt runoff, but it would not change the annual hydrograph pattern (dominated by increased rainfall). These findings improve our understanding of the responses of cryosphere-hydrological processes under climate change, providing valuable information for integrated water resource management, natural disaster prevention, and ecological environmental protection at the Third Pole.},
  issn = {1027-5606}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_harriganshaun_2023,
  title = {Daily ensemble river discharge reforecasts and real-time forecasts from the operational Global Flood Awareness System},
  author = {Harrigan, Shaun and Zsoter, Ervin and Cloke, Hannah L. and Salamon, Peter and Prudhomme, Christel},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
  volume = {1},
  number = {27},
  pages = {1--19},
  doi = {10.5194/hess-27-1-2023},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: European Geosciences Union (EGU)},
  abstract = {Operational global-scale hydrological forecasting systems are usedto help manage hydrological extremes such as floods and droughts. The vastamounts of raw data that underpin forecast systems and the ability togenerate information on forecast skill have, until now, not been publiclyavailable. As part of the Global Flood Awareness System (GloFAS; https://www.globalfloods.eu/, last access: 3 December 2022) service evolution, in this paper daily ensemble river discharge reforecasts and real-time forecast datasets are made free and openly available through the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). They include real-time forecast data starting on 1 January 2020 updated operationally every day and a 20-year set of reforecasts and associated metadata. This paper describes the model components and configuration used to generate the real-time river discharge forecasts and the reforecasts. An evaluation of ensemble forecast skill using the continuous ranked probability skill score (CRPSS) was also undertaken for river points around the globe. Results show that GloFAS is skilful in over 93 % of catchments in the short (1 to 3 d) and medium range (5 to 15 d) against a persistence benchmark forecast and skilful in over 80 % of catchments out to the extended range (16 to 30 d) against a climatological benchmark forecast. However, the strength of skill varies considerably by location with GloFAS found to have no or negative skill at longer lead times in broad hydroclimatic regions in tropical Africa, western coast of South America, and catchments dominated by snow and ice in high northern latitudes. Forecast skill is summarised as a new headline skill score available as a new layer on the GloFAS forecast Web Map Viewer to aid user interpretation and understanding of forecast quality.},
  issn = {1027-5606}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_karimishirin_2025,
  title = {Does peatland rewetting mitigate flooding from extreme rainfall events?},
  author = {Karimi, Shirin and Mosquera, Virginia and Maher Hasselquist, Eliza and Järveoja, Järvi and Laudon, Hjalmar},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
  number = {29},
  pages = {2599--2614},
  doi = {10.5194/hess-29-2599-2025},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {European Geosciences Union (EGU) / Copernicus Publications},
  abstract = {Pristine peatlands are believed to play an important role in regulating hydrological extremes because they can act as reservoirs for rainwater and release it gradually during dry periods. Rewetting of drained peatlands has therefore been considered an important strategy to reduce the catastrophic effects of flooding. With the anticipation of more frequent extreme rainfall events in the future due to a changing global climate, the importance of peatland rewetting in flood mitigation becomes even more important. To date, however, empirical data showing that rewetting of drained peatlands actually restores their hydrological function similar to pristine peatlands are largely lacking, particularly for boreal fens. To assess whether peatland rewetting can mitigate flooding from extreme rainfall events and ensure water security in a future climate, we measured event-based runoff responses before and after rewetting using a BACI approach (before-after and control-impact) within a replicated, catchment-scale study at the Trollberget Experimental Area in northern Sweden. High-resolution hydrological field observations, including groundwater level (GWL), discharge, and rainfall data, were collected over 4 years, allowing us to detect and analyze 17 rainfall-runoff events before and 30 events after rewetting. We found that the rewetted sites experienced an increase in the GWL following rewetting and that this was consistently observed across all distances from the blocked ditch within the peatland. Our rainfall-runoff analysis revealed that rewetting significantly decreased peak flow and the runoff coefficient and reduced the overall flashiness of hydrographs, making the rewetted sites function more like the pristine control peatland. However, "lag time", which was already similar to pristine conditions, was pushed farther away from pristine conditions following rewetting. Yet, our results showed that the effectiveness of ditch blocking in flood moderation was strongly influenced by the initial condition and the catchment percentage of restoration, as one of our two rewetted peatlands did not show significant change, attributed to it being already similar to the pristine site, suggesting less treatment effect, and the other catchment, with higher restoration percentage, had a better response to treatment. In summary, our findings suggest that peatland rewetting has the potential to mitigate flood responses; however, further research over a longer time period is needed, as peat properties and the peatland vegetation will develop and change over time.},
  issn = {1027-5606}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_robinsonabigaile_2025,
  title = {The hydrological archetypes of wetlands},
  author = {Robinson, Abigail E. and Scaini, Anna and Pena, Francisco J. and Hambäck, Peter A. and Humborg, Christoph and Jaramillo, Fernando},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
  volume = {21},
  number = {29},
  pages = {5975--6001},
  doi = {10.5194/hess-29-5975-2025},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  abstract = {Wetlands are valuable and diverse environments that contribute to a vast range of ecosystem services, such as flood control, drought resilience, and carbon sequestration. The provision of these ecosystem services depends on their hydrological functioning, which refers to how water is stored and moved within a wetland environment. Since the hydrological functions of wetlands vary widely based on location, wetland type, hydrological connectivity, vegetation, and seasonality, there is no single approach to defining these functions. Consequently, accurately identifying their hydrological functions to quantify ecosystem services remains challenging. To address this issue, we investigate the hydrological regimes of wetlands, focusing on water extent, to better understand their hydrological functions. We achieve this goal using Sentinel-1 SAR imagery and a self-supervised deep learning model (DeepAqua) to predict surface water extent for 43 Ramsar sites in Sweden between 2020 and 2023. Clustering analysis grouped the wetlands based on the water extent predictions into five archetypes based on their hydrological similarity: "spring-surging", "spring-flooded", "summer-flooded", "slow-drying", and "summer-dry". The archetypes represent great heterogeneity, with flashy regimes being more prominent at higher latitudes and smoother regimes found preferentially in central and southern Sweden. Additionally, many wetlands show exceptional similarity in the timing and duration of flooding and drying events, which only became apparent when grouped. We attempt to link hydrological functions to the archetypes, whereby headwater wetlands, such as spring-surging wetlands, have the potential to accentuate floods and droughts, while slow-drying wetlands, typical of floodplain wetlands, are more likely to provide services such as flood attenuation and water storage during low flow conditions. Additionally, although wetlands can be classified in a myriad of ways, we propose that classifying wetlands based on the hydrological regime derived from water surface extent is useful for identifying hydrological functions specific to the site and season and when discharge or water level data are not available. Lastly, we foresee that hydrological-regime-based classification can be easily applied to other wetland-rich landscapes to better understand the hydrological functions and identify their respective ecosystem services.},
  issn = {1027-5606}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_olssonj_2016,
  title = {Initial assessment of a multi-model approach to spring flood forecasting in Sweden},
  author = {Olsson, J. and Uvo, C. B. and Foster, K. and Yang, W.},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions},
  volume = {6},
  number = {12},
  pages = {6077--6113},
  doi = {10.5194/hessd-12-6077-2015},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  abstract = {Hydropower is a major energy source in Sweden and proper reservoir management prior to the spring flood onset is crucial for optimal production. This requires useful forecasts of the accumulated discharge in the spring flood period (i.e. the spring-flood volume, SFV). Today's SFV forecasts are generated using a model-based climatological ensemble approach, where time series of precipitation and temperature from historical years are used to force a calibrated and initialised set-up of the HBV model. In this study, a number of new approaches to spring flood forecasting, that reflect the latest developments with respect to analysis and modelling on seasonal time scales, are presented and evaluated. Three main approaches, represented by specific methods, are evaluated in SFV hindcasts for three main Swedish rivers over a 10-year period with lead times between 0 and 4 months. In the first approach, historically analogue years with respect to the climate in the period preceding the spring flood are identified and used to compose a reduced ensemble. In the second, seasonal meteorological ensemble forecasts are used to drive the HBV model over the spring flood period. In the third approach, statistical relationships between SFV and the large-sale atmospheric circulation are used to build forecast models. None of the new approaches consistently outperform the climatological ensemble approach, but for specific locations and lead times improvements of 20-30 % are found. When combining all forecasts in a weighted multi-model approach, a mean improvement over all locations and lead times of nearly 10 % was indicated. This demonstrates the potential of the approach and further development and optimisation into an operational system is ongoing.},
  issn = {1812-2108}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_laudonhjalmar_2007,
  title = {Impact of changing DOC concentrations on the potential distribution of acid sensitive biota in a boreal stream network},
  author = {Laudon, Hjalmar and Buffam, Ishi},
  year = {2007},
  journal = {Hydrology and Earth System Sciences},
  number = {4},
  pages = {3145--3173},
  doi = {10.5194/hessd-4-3145-2007},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  keywords = {dissolved organic-carbon; scots pine stands; northern sweden; episodic acidification; climate-change; spring flood; swedish lakes; forest lakes; snow cover; ph decline},
  abstract = {DOC concentrations have increased in many surface waters in Europe and North America over the past few decades. As DOC exerts a strong influence on pH this DOC increase could have detrimental effects on acid sensitive biota in many streams and lakes. To investigate the potential implications of changes in the DOC concentration on stream water biota, we have used a mesoscale boreal stream network in northern Sweden as a case study. The network was sampled for stream water chemistry at 60 locations during both winter base flow and spring flood periods, representing the extremes experienced annually in these streams both in terms of discharge and acidity. The effect of changing DOC on pH was modeled for all sampling locations using an organic acid model, with input DOC concentrations for different scenarios adjusted by between –30% and +50% from measured present concentrations. The resulting effect on pH was then used to quantify the proportion of stream length in the catchment with pH below the acid thresholds of pH 5.5 and pH 5.0. The results suggest that a change in stream water DOC during base flow would have only a limited effect on pH and hence on the stream length with pH below the acid thresholds. During the spring flood on the other hand a change in DOC would strongly influence pH and the stream length with pH below the acid thresholds. For example an increase in DOC concentration of 30% at all sites would increase the proportion of stream length with pH below 5.5 from 37% to 65%, and the proportion of stream length with pH below 5.0 would increase from 18% to 27%. The results suggest that in poorly-buffered high DOC waters, even a marginal change in the DOC concentration could impact acid sensitive biota in a large portion of the aquatic landscape.},
  issn = {1027-5606}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_montesarchiovaleria_2011,
  title = {Rainfall threshold definition using an entropy decision approach and radar data},
  author = {Montesarchio, Valeria and Ridolfi, Elena and Russo, Fabio and Napolitano, Francesco},
  year = {2011},
  journal = {Natural hazards and earth system sciences},
  number = {7},
  pages = {2061--2074},
  doi = {10.5194/nhess-11-2061-2011},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  abstract = {Flash flood events are floods characterised by a very rapid response of basins to storms, often resulting in loss of life and property damage. Due to the specific space-time scale of this type of flood, the lead time available for triggering civil protection measures is typically short. Rainfall threshold values specify the amount of precipitation for a given duration that generates a critical discharge in a given river cross section. If the threshold values are exceeded, it can produce a critical situation in river sites exposed to alluvial risk. It is therefore possible to directly compare the observed or forecasted precipitation with critical reference values, without running online real-time forecasting systems. The focus of this study is the Mignone River basin, located in Central Italy. The critical rainfall threshold values are evaluated by minimising a utility function based on the informative entropy concept and by using a simulation approach based on radar data. The study concludes with a system performance analysis, in terms of correctly issued warnings, false alarms and missed alarms.},
  issn = {1561-8633}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_ridolfielena_2011,
  title = {An entropy approach for evaluating the maximum information content achievable by an urban rainfall network},
  author = {Ridolfi, Elena and Montesarchio, Valeria and Russo, Fabio and Napolitano, Francesco},
  year = {2011},
  journal = {Natural hazards and earth system sciences},
  volume = {7},
  number = {11},
  pages = {2075--2083},
  doi = {10.5194/nhess-11-2075-2011},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  abstract = {Hydrological models are the basis of operational flood-forecasting systems. The accuracy of these models is strongly dependent on the quality and quantity of the input information represented by rainfall height. Finer space-time rainfall resolution results in more accurate hazard forecasting. In this framework, an optimum raingauge network is essential in predicting flood events.This paper develops an entropy-based approach to evaluate the maximum information content achievable by a rainfall network for different sampling time intervals. The procedure is based on the determination of the coefficients of transferred and nontransferred information and on the relative isoinformation contours.The nontransferred information value achieved by the whole network is strictly dependent on the sampling time intervals considered. An empirical curve is defined, to assess the objective of the research: the nontransferred information value is plotted versus the associated sampling time on a semi-log scale. The curve has a linear trend.In this paper, the methodology is applied to the high-density raingauge network of the urban area of Rome.},
  issn = {1561-8633}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bucheckerm_2013,
  title = {The role of risk perception in making flood risk management more effective},
  author = {Buchecker, M. and Salvini, G. and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Semenzin, E. and Maidl, E. and Marcomini, A.},
  year = {2013},
  journal = {Natural hazards and earth system sciences},
  number = {13},
  pages = {3013--3030},
  doi = {10.5194/nhess-13-3013-2013},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  abstract = {Over the last few decades, Europe has suffered from a number of severe flood events and, as a result, there has been a growing interest in probing alternative approaches to managing flood risk via prevention measures. A literature review reveals that, although in the last decades risk evaluation has been recognized as key element of risk management, and risk assessment methodologies (including risk analysis and evaluation) have been improved by including social, economic, cultural, historical and political conditions, the theoretical schemes are not yet applied in practice. One main reason for this shortcoming is that risk perception literature is mainly of universal and theoretical nature and cannot provide the necessary details to implement a comprehensive risk evaluation. This paper therefore aims to explore a procedure that allows the inclusion of stakeholders' perceptions of prevention measures in risk assessment. It proposes to adopt methods of risk communication (both one-way and two-way communication) in risk assessment with the final aim of making flood risk management more effective. The proposed procedure not only focuses on the effect of discursive risk communication on risk perception, and on achieving a shared assessment of the prevention alternatives, but also considers the effects of the communication process on perceived uncertainties, accepted risk levels, and trust in the managing institutions.The effectiveness of this combined procedure has been studied and illustrated using the example of the participatory flood prevention assessment process on the Sihl River in Zurich, Switzerland. The main findings of the case study suggest that the proposed procedure performed well, but that it needs some adaptations for it to be applicable in different contexts and to allow a (semi-) quantitative estimation of risk perception to be used as an indicator of adaptive capacity.},
  issn = {1561-8633}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_depietriyaella_2018_1,
  title = {Multi-hazard risks in New York City},
  author = {Depietri, Yaella and Dahal, Khila and McPhearson, Timon},
  year = {2018},
  journal = {Natural hazards and earth system sciences},
  volume = {12},
  number = {18},
  pages = {3363--3381},
  doi = {10.5194/nhess-18-3363-2018},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  abstract = {Megacities are predominantly concentrated along coastlines, making them exposed to a diverse mix of natural hazards. The assessment of climatic hazard risk to cities rarely has captured the multiple interactions that occur in complex urban systems. We present an improved method for urban multi-hazard risk assessment. We then analyze the risk of New York City as a case study to apply enhanced methods for multi-hazard risk assessment given the history of exposure to multiple types of natural hazards which overlap spatially and, in some cases, temporally in this coastal megacity. Our aim is to identify hotspots of multi-hazard risk to support the prioritization of adaptation strategies that can address multiple sources of risk to urban residents. We used socioeconomic indicators to assess vulnerabilities and risks to three climate-related hazards (i.e., heat waves, inland flooding and coastal flooding) at high spatial resolution. The analysis incorporates local experts' opinions to identify sources of multi-hazard risk and to weight indicators used in the multi-hazard risk assessment. Results demonstrate the application of multi-hazard risk assessment to a coastal megacity and show that spatial hotspots of multi-hazard risk affect similar local residential communities along the coastlines. Analyses suggest that New York City should prioritize adaptation in coastal zones and consider possible synergies and/or trade-offs to maximize impacts of adaptation and resilience interventions in the spatially overlapping areas at risk of impacts from multiple hazards.},
  issn = {1561-8633}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dibaldassarregiuliano_2020,
  title = {Brief communication: Comparing hydrological and hydrogeomorphic paradigms for global flood hazard mapping},
  author = {Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Nardi, Fernando and Annis, Antonio and Odongo, Vincent and Rusca, Maria and Grimaldi, Salvatore},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Natural hazards and earth system sciences},
  volume = {5},
  number = {20},
  pages = {1415--1419},
  doi = {10.5194/nhess-20-1415-2020},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  abstract = {Global floodplain mapping has rapidly progressed over the past few years. Different methods have been proposed to identify areas prone to river flooding, resulting in a plethora of available products. Here we assess the potential and limitations of two main paradigms and provide guidance on the use of these global products in assessing flood risk in data-poor regions.},
  issn = {1561-8633}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_seibertjan_2020_1,
  title = {Downsizing parameter ensembles for simulations of rare floods},
  author = {Seibert, Jan},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences},
  number = {20},
  pages = {3521--3549},
  doi = {10.5194/nhess-20-3521-2020},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  abstract = {For extreme-flood estimation, simulation-based approaches represent an interesting alternative to purely statistical approaches, particularly if hydrograph shapes are required. Such simulation-based methods are adapted within continuous simulation frameworks that rely on statistical analyses of continuous streamflow time series derived from a hydrological model fed with long precipitation time series. These frameworks are, however, affected by high computational demands, particularly if floods with return periods > 1000 years are of interest or if modelling uncertainty due to different sources (meteorological input or hydrological model) is to be quantified. Here, we propose three methods for reducing the computational requirements for the hydrological simulations for extreme-flood estimation so that long streamflow time series can be analysed at a reduced computational cost. These methods rely on simulation of annual maxima and on analysing their simulated range to downsize the hydrological parameter ensemble to a small number suitable for continuous simulation frameworks. The methods are tested in a Swiss catchment with 10 000 years of synthetic streamflow data simulated thanks to a weather generator. Our results demonstrate the reliability of the proposed downsizing methods for robust simulations of rare floods with uncertainty. The methods are readily transferable to other situations where ensemble simulations are needed.},
  issn = {1561-8633}
}

@misc{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_blumenthalbarbara_2018_2,
  title = {A GIS-based multivariate approach to identify flood damage affecting factors},
  author = {Blumenthal, Barbara and Haas, Jan and Andersson, Jan-Olov},
  year = {2018},
  doi = {10.5194/nhess-2018-286},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Copernicus GmbH},
  keywords = {risk- och miljöstudier; risk and environmental studies},
  abstract = {This paper investigates causal factors leading to pluvial flood damages, beside rainfall amount and intensity, in two Swedish cities. Observed flood damage data from a Swedish insurance database, collected under 13 years, and a set of spatial data, describing topography, demography, land cover and building type were analyzed through principal component analysis (PCA). The topographic wetness index (TWI) is the only investigated variable that indicates a significant relationship with to the number and amount of insurance damage. The Pearson correlation coefficient is 0.68 for the number of insurance damages and 0.63 for amount of insurance damages. With a linear regression model TWI explained 41% of the variance of the number of insurance flood damages and 34% of variance of amount of insurance flood damage.Future studies on this topic should consider implementing TWI as a potential measure in urban flood risk analyses.}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mondinoelena_2021_1,
  title = {Longitudinal survey data for diversifying temporal dynamics in flood risk modelling},
  author = {Mondino, Elena and Scolobig, Anna and Borga, Marco and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Natural hazards and earth system sciences},
  volume = {9},
  number = {21},
  pages = {2811--2828},
  doi = {10.5194/nhess-2021-88},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus Publications},
  abstract = {Scholars have unravelled the complexities and underlying uncertainties in coupled human and water systems in various fields and disciplines. These complexities, however, are not always reflected in the way in which the dynamics of human–water systems are modelled. One reason is the lack of social data time series, which may be provided by longitudinal surveys. Here, we show the value of collecting longitudinal survey data to enrich sociohydrological modelling of flood risk. To illustrate, we compare and contrast two different approaches (repeated cross-sectional and panel) for collecting longitudinal data and explore changes in flood risk awareness and preparedness in a municipality hit by a flash flood in 2018. We found that risk awareness has not changed significantly in the timeframe under study (1 year). Perceived preparedness increased only among those respondents who suffered low damage during the flood event. We also found gender differences across both approaches for most of the variables explored. Lastly, we argue that results that are consistent across the two approaches can be used for the parametrisation of sociohydrological models. We posit that there is a need to enhance the representation of socio-demographic heterogeneity in modelling human–water systems in order to better support risk management.},
  issn = {1561-8633}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_linderssonsara_2021,
  title = {Global riverine flood risk - how do hydrogeomorphic floodplain maps compare to flood hazard maps?},
  author = {Lindersson, Sara and Brandimarte, Luigia and Mård, Johanna and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Natural hazards and earth system sciences},
  volume = {10},
  number = {21},
  pages = {2921--2948},
  doi = {10.5194/nhess-21-2921-2021},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  abstract = {Riverine flood risk studies often require the identification of areas prone to potential flooding. This modelling process can be based on either (hydrologically derived) flood hazard maps or (topography-based) hydrogeomorphic floodplain maps. In this paper, we derive and compare riverine flood exposure from three global products: a hydrogeomorphic floodplain map (GFPLAIN250m, hereinafter GFPLAIN) and two flood hazard maps (Flood Hazard Map of the World by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre, hereinafter JRC, and the flood hazard maps produced for the Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction 2015, hereinafter GAR). We find an average spatial agreement between these maps of around 30 % at the river basin level on a global scale. This agreement is highly variable across model combinations and geographic conditions, influenced by climatic humidity, river volume, topography, and coastal proximity. Contrary to expectations, the agreement between the two flood hazard maps is lower compared to their agreement with the hydrogeomorphic floodplain map. We also map riverine flood exposure for 26 countries across the global south by intersecting these maps with three human population maps (Global Human Settlement population grid, hereinafter GHS; High Resolution Settlement Layer, hereinafter HRSL; and WorldPop). The findings of this study indicate that hydrogeomorphic floodplain maps can be a valuable way of producing high-resolution maps of flood-prone zones to support riverine flood risk studies, but caution should be taken in regions that are dry, steep, very flat, or near the coast.},
  issn = {1561-8633}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_duboiskvin_2024_1,
  title = {Influence of data source and copula statistics on estimates of compound flood extremes in a river mouth environment},
  author = {Dubois, Kévin and Larsen, Morten Andreas Dahl and Drews, Martin and Nilsson, Erik O. and Rutgersson, Anna},
  year = {2024},
  journal = {Natural hazards and earth system sciences},
  volume = {9},
  number = {24},
  pages = {3245--3265},
  doi = {10.5194/nhess-24-3245-2024},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus Publications},
  abstract = {Coastal and riverine floods are major concerns worldwide as they can impact highly populated areas and result in significant economic losses. In a river mouth environment, interacting hydrological and oceanographical processes can enhance the severity of floods. The compound flood hazards from high sea levels and high river discharge are often estimated using copulas, among other methods. Here, we systematically investigate the influence of different data sources coming from observations and models as well as the choice of copula on extreme water level estimates. While we focus on the river mouth at the city of Halmstad (Sweden), the approach presented is easily transferable to other sites. Our results show that the choice of data sources can considerably impact the results up to 10 % and 15 % for the river time series and 3 % to 4.6 % for the sea level time series under the 5- and 30-year return periods, respectively. The choice of copula can also strongly influence the outcome of such analyses up to 13 % and 9.5 % for the 5-year and 30-year return periods. Each percentage refers to the normalized difference in return level results we can expect when choosing a certain copula or input dataset. The copulas found to statistically best fit our datasets are the Clayton, BB1, and Gaussian (once) ones. We also show that the compound occurrence of high sea levels and river runoff may lead to heightened flood risks as opposed to considering them independent processes and that, in the current study, this is dominated by the hydrological driver. Our findings contribute to framing existing studies, which typically only consider selected copulas and datasets, by demonstrating the importance of considering uncertainties.},
  issn = {1561-8633}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_dibaldassarregiuliano_2014,
  title = {The interplay between human population dynamics and flooding in Bangladesh: a spatial analysis},
  author = {Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Yan, Kun and Ferdous, Md. Ruknul and Brandimarte, Luigia},
  year = {2014},
  journal = {Evolving Water Resources Systems},
  pages = {188--191},
  doi = {10.5194/piahs-364-188-2014},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  keywords = {bangladesh; socio-hydrology; river flooding; human population dynamics},
  abstract = {In Bangladesh, socio-economic and hydrological processes are both extremely dynamic and interrelated. Human population patterns are often explained as a response, or adaptation strategy, to physical events, e.g. flooding, salt-water intrusion, and erosion. Meanwhile, these physical processes are exacerbated, or mitigated, by diverse human interventions, e.g. river diversion, levees and polders. In this context, this paper describes an attempt to explore the complex interplay between floods and societies in Bangladeshi floodplains. In particular, we performed a spatially-distributed analysis of the interactions between the dynamics of human settlements and flood inundation patterns. To this end, we used flooding simulation results from inundation modelling, LISFLOOD-FP, as well as global datasets of population distribution data, such as the Gridded Population of the World (20 years, from 1990 to 2010) and HYDE datasets (310 years, from 1700 to 2010). The outcomes of this work highlight the behaviour of Bangladeshi floodplains as complex human water systems and indicate the need to go beyond the traditional narratives based on one-way cause effects, e.g. climate change leading to migrations.}
}

@inproceedings{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_brandtsanders_2016_1,
  title = {Visualising DEM-related flood-map uncertainties using a disparity-distance equation algorithm},
  author = {Brandt, S. Anders and Lim, Nancy Joy},
  year = {2016},
  journal = {IAHS-AISH Proceedings and Reports},
  pages = {153--159},
  doi = {10.5194/piahs-373-153-2016},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Göttingen : Copernicus Publications on behalf of International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS)},
  keywords = {river floods; hydraulic modelling; inundation mapping; digital elevation models (dem); uncertainty},
  abstract = {The apparent absoluteness of information presented by crisp-delineated flood boundaries can lead tomisconceptions among planners about the inherent uncertainties associated in generated flood maps. Even mapsbased on hydraulic modelling using the highest-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs), and calibrated withthe most optimal Manning’s roughness (n) coefficients, are susceptible to errors when compared to actual floodboundaries, specifically in flat areas. Therefore, the inaccuracies in inundation extents, brought about by thecharacteristics of the slope perpendicular to the flow direction of the river, have to be accounted for. Instead ofusing the typical Monte Carlo simulation and probabilistic methods for uncertainty quantification, an empiricalbaseddisparity-distance equation that considers the effects of both the DEM resolution and slope was used tocreate prediction-uncertainty zones around the resulting inundation extents of a one-dimensional (1-D) hydraulicmodel. The equation was originally derived for the Eskilstuna River where flood maps, based on DEM dataof different resolutions, were evaluated for the slope-disparity relationship. To assess whether the equation isapplicable to another river with different characteristics, modelled inundation extents from the Testebo Riverwere utilised and tested with the equation. By using the cross-sectional locations, water surface elevations, andDEM, uncertainty zones around the original inundation boundary line can be produced for different confidences.The results show that (1) the proposed method is useful both for estimating and directly visualising modelinaccuracies caused by the combined effects of slope and DEM resolution, and (2) the DEM-related uncertaintiesalone do not account for the total inaccuracy of the derived flood map. Decision-makers can apply it to alreadyexisting flood maps, thereby recapitulating and re-analysing the inundation boundaries and the areas that areuncertain. Hence, more comprehensive flood information can be provided when determining locations whereextra precautions are needed. Yet, when applied, users must also be aware that there are other factors that caninfluence the extent of the delineated flood boundary.}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_vanasd_2017,
  title = {Hypsometric amplification and routing moderation of Greenland ice sheet meltwater release},
  author = {van As, D. and Bech Mikkelsen, A. and Holtegaard Nielsen, M. and Box, J. E. and Claesson Liljedahl, L. and Lindbäck, Katrin and Pitcher, L. and Hasholt, B.},
  year = {2017},
  journal = {The Cryosphere},
  volume = {3},
  number = {11},
  pages = {1371--1386},
  doi = {10.5194/tc-11-1371-2017},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Copernicus GmbH},
  abstract = {Abstract. Concurrent ice sheet surface runoff and proglacial discharge monitoring are essential for understanding Greenland ice sheet meltwater release. We use an updated, well-constrained river discharge time series from the Watson River in southwest Greenland, with an accurate, observation-based ice sheet surface mass balance model of the  ∼  12 000 km2 ice sheet area feeding the river. For the 2006–2015 decade, we find a large range of a factor of 3 in interannual variability in discharge. The amount of discharge is amplified  ∼  56 % by the ice sheet's hypsometry, i.e., area increase with elevation. A good match between river discharge and ice sheet surface meltwater production is found after introducing elevation-dependent transit delays that moderate diurnal variability in meltwater release by a factor of 10–20. The routing lag time increases with ice sheet elevation and attains values in excess of 1 week for the upper reaches of the runoff area at  ∼  1800 m above sea level. These multi-day routing delays ensure that the highest proglacial discharge levels and thus overbank flooding events are more likely to occur after multi-day melt episodes. Finally, for the Watson River ice sheet catchment, we find no evidence of meltwater storage in or release from the en- and subglacial environments in quantities exceeding our methodological uncertainty, based on the good match between ice sheet runoff and proglacial discharge.},
  issn = {1994-0416}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_makaitamadamombesandra_2024,
  title = {Climate-smart agriculture options on coarse-textured soils for improved food security in semi-arid areas},
  author = {Makaita Madamombe, Sandra},
  year = {2024},
  doi = {10.54612/a.19o15oivs1},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences},
  abstract = {Rainfed maize production by smallholder farmers is at risk due to climate change, exacerbated by low soil moisture and poor fertility in sandy soils under semi-arid conditions. This thesis assessed climate-smart agriculture (CSA) options to deal with the risks. A survey was conducted in Zimbabwe to assess farmers’ awareness of extreme weather events, their adaptation strategies and associated maize yield. On-farm experiments evaluated CSA options for management of soil water, nutrients and crop density. All 245 farmers interviewed reported awareness and experience of extreme weather events such as drought, flooding and temperature changes. However, despite a range of reported adaptation strategies, reported maize yield averaged only 0.6 t ha-1. Integrating sub-surface water retention technology (SWRT) with different maize densities or soil amendments improved maize productivity to different degrees in dry (305-352 mm) and wet (424-780 mm) seasons. Use of SWRT increased maize grain by 21-24% and total biomass yield by 13-22%, and showed potential to increase maize rainwater use efficiency (RWUE) over four years. Plant density increased from 37,000 to 43,000 plants ha-1 gave optimal four-year average maize grain yield (2.7 t ha-1), and RWUE (5.5 kg ha-1 mm-1). Combining organic and inorganic soil amendments gave 2.3-3.4 t ha-1 grain yield as a three-year average. Average maize yield ranged between 0.3-1.4 t ha-1 in dry seasons and 3-5.5 t ha-1 in wet seasons. In conclusion, management of crop density, soil water and nutrients in smallholder farming increased maize productivity to varying degrees due to seasonal variations in rainfall patterns.}
}

@phdthesis{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_karimishirin_2024,
  title = {Peatland hydrology in boreal Sweden: Modelling, long-term data analysis, and experimental rewetting},
  author = {Karimi, Shirin},
  year = {2024},
  doi = {10.54612/a.1lmvjl13b6},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences},
  abstract = {Peatlands are the dominant type of wetland in boreal ecosystems and they are thought to play a major role in moderating hydrological extremes such as floods and droughts. Despite the valuable ecosystem services that they provide, a large proportion of peatlands around the globe has been degraded by human activity. Notably, in Sweden, peatlands have been subjected to drainage for the purposes of forestry. As awareness of the detrimental effects of climate change on boreal ecosystems has grown, the rewetting of drained peatlands has emerged as a naturebased solution for mitigating floods and droughts. However, the science behind this strategy is scant and the question of whether its potential benefits, in terms of alleviating extreme weather impacts, outweigh the costs of rewetting remains unanswered. Using a unique collection of hydrological field observations and modelling, this thesis provides a comprehensive analysis of the hydrological functioning of peatlands, at both local and stream network scale, within a heterogeneous boreal landscape (Paper I and Paper II) and addresses the question of whether peatland rewetting is more effective at mitigating both flooding events and low flow conditions than leaving historically drained peatlands as they are (Paper III and Paper IV). Our findings indicate that the moderating effect of peatlands on flow responses can primarily be found at the local scale. We also demonstrated that peatland rewetting successfully raised the groundwater table level, increased baseflow, and enhanced the overall storage capacity within the study site. During storm events, peatland rewetting effectively attenuated peak flow, reduced the runoff coefficient, and mitigated hydrograph flashiness. In conclusion, peatland rewetting is shown to be an effective tool for moderating hydrological extremes. However, given the dynamic nature of hydrological systems, continuous long-term monitoring of peatland processes following rewetting is required.}
}

@techreport{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_hasanabdulghani_2024,
  title = {Flood Modelling Tool : an integrated GIS and hydrological modelling tool for planning nature-based solutions in the urban environment},
  author = {Hasan, Abdulghani},
  year = {2024},
  doi = {10.54612/a.5s9t2ca774},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {Faculty of Landscape Architecture, Horticulture and Crop Production Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences},
  abstract = {The risk of pluvial flooding is going to increase as climate change causes an increase in intense precipitation along with urbanisation leading to an increase in impermeable surfaces. In the last decade, cities such as Malmö and Copenhagen have already experienced severe pluvial flooding that has caused extensive damage. Adapting to climate change by creating flood resilient urban areas is therefore important and blue-green infrastructure (BGI) may be one measure to accomplish this.A hydrological model called TFM-DYN has been used to investigate whether BGI can aid the mitigation of pluvial flooding. TFM-DYN can also assist in selecting the best locations of BGIs. The problem of modeling urban floods using distributed high resolution hydrological models while considering the hydrological process in the upstream area is difficult due to the limited current computation capacity. However, coupling a distributed hydrological model (TFM-DYN) with an other semi distributed models (HYPE) is crucial to enable simulate, predict and map floods with high-resolution for an urban area while considering its catchment area. With the using of the new suggested coupled hydrological model, it is possible to connect and use the output results from HYPE model as an input to a distributed model (TFM-DYN). The interaction between HYPE and TFM-DYN will consider the hydrologic process occurred outside the model boundary of the interested urban area. The coupling of the two models will help initiating the model with real water depth data that may lead to more realistic simulation. The procedure of input data manipulation using the two model interactions is explained in details.The model is tested on a selected urban area to dynamically simulate the changes in the water depth with time using high resolution gridded data. The new coupled model can be of a great tool for wide range of user and stakeholders as an example to municipalities, water experts, insurance companies and to all other interested water organizations who have access to regional catchment models and in need for a high-resolution, flood simulation and mapping model.}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_floreschaveza_2023,
  title = {Influence of exposure to climate-related hazards in the phenotypic expression of primary Sjögren's syndrome},
  author = {Flores-Chavez, A. and Brito-Zeron, P. and Ng, W. -f. and Szanto, A. and Rasmussen, A. and Priori, R. and Baldini, C. and Armagan, B. and Oezkiziltas, B. and Praprotnik, S. and Suzuki, Y. and Quartuccio, L. and Hernandez-Molina, G. and Inanc, N. and Bartoloni, E. and Rischmueller, M. and Oliveira, F. Reis-de and Trevisani, V. Fernandes Moca and Jurcut, C. and Nordmark, Gunnel and Carubbi, F. and Hofauer, B. and Valim, V. and Pasoto, S. G. and Retamozo, S. and Atzeni, F. and Fonseca-Aizpuru, E. and Lopez-Dupla, M. and Giacomelli, R. and Nakamura, H. and Akasbi, M. and Thompson, K. and Horvath, I. Fanny and Farris, A. D. and Simoncelli, E. and Bombardieri, S. and Kilic, L. and Tufan, A. and Pirkmajer, K. Perdan and Fujisawa, Y. and De Vita, S. and Abacar, K. and Ramos-Casals, M.},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology},
  volume = {12},
  number = {41},
  pages = {2437--2447},
  doi = {10.55563/clinexprheumatol/pmbay6},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology},
  keywords = {sjogren's syndrome; dryness; systemic; essdai; climate},
  abstract = {Objective To analyse how the key components at the time of diagnosis of the Sjogren's phenotype (epidemiological profile, sicca symptoms, and systemic disease) can be influenced by the potential exposure to climate-related natural hazards. Methods For the present study, the following variables were selected for harmonisation and refinement: age, sex, country, fulfilment of 2002/2016 criteria items, dry eyes, dry mouth, and overall ESSDAI score. Climate-related hazards per country were defined according to the OECD and included seven climate-related hazard types: extreme temperature, extreme precipitation, drought, wildfire, wind threats, river flooding, and coastal flooding. Climatic variables were defined as dichotomous variables according to whether each country is ranked among the ten countries with the most significant exposure. Results After applying data-cleaning techniques and excluding people from countries not included in the OECD climate rankings, the database study analysed 16,042 patients from 23 countries. The disease was diagnosed between 1 and 3 years earlier in people living in countries included among the top 10 worst exposed to extreme precipitation, wildfire, wind threats, river flooding, and coastal flooding. A lower frequency of dry eyes was observed in people living in countries exposed to wind threats, river flooding, and coastal flooding, with a level of statistical association being classified as strong (p<0.0001 for the three variables). The frequency of dry mouth was significantly lower in people living in countries exposed to river flooding (p<0.0001) and coastal flooding (p<0.0001). People living in countries included in the worse climate scenarios for extreme temperature (p<0.0001) and river flooding (p<0.0001) showed a higher mean ESSDAI score in comparison with people living in no-risk countries. In contrast, those living in countries exposed to worse climate scenarios for wind threats (p<0.0001) and coastal flooding (p<0.0001) showed a lower mean ESSDAI score in comparison with people living in no-risk countries. Conclusion Local exposure to extreme climate-related hazards plays a role in modulating the presentation of Sjogren across countries concerning the age at which the disease is diagnosed, the frequency of dryness, and the degree of systemic activity.},
  issn = {0392-856X}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_eversmariele_2013_1,
  title = {Transnational education for integrated flood risk management - the master course IFRM: [Transnationale bildung für integriertes hochwasserrisikomanagement - Der masterkurs "integrated flood risk management"]},
  author = {Evers, Mariele and Nyberg, Lars},
  year = {2013},
  journal = {Hydrologie und Wasserbewirtschaftung},
  volume = {3},
  number = {57},
  pages = {100--109},
  doi = {10.5675/HyWa_2013,3_3},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Bundesanstalt gewasserkunde-BFG},
  keywords = {european union; flood control; higher education; interdisciplinary approach; risk assessment; traditional knowledge; university sector; water management; europe; environmental science},
  abstract = {Flood Risk Management (FRM) is a topic of growing importance. This is signiicantly illustrated by the European Directive on Flood Risk Management, which entered into force in 2007. FRM in general but also the Directive require integrated and interdisciplinary approaches and skills. Against this background the International Master Course "Integrated lood risk management" was developed and implemented under the EU project "Strategic Alliance for Water Management Actions" (SAWA). Six universities and 12 non-academic partners from ive European countries participated in the course. The paper describes the background and requirements of such an education ofer as well as its content and its pedagogical and organizational format. Furthermore, the implementation of the course and evaluation results are presented.},
  issn = {1439-1783}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_bidlemanterryfrank_2013,
  title = {Chiral Chemicals as Tracers of Atmospheric Sources and Fate Processes in a World of Changing Climate},
  author = {Bidleman, Terry Frank and Jantunen, Liisa M. and Binnur Kurt-Karakus, Perihan and Wong, Fiona and Hung, Hayley and Ma, Jianmin and Stern, Gary and Rosenberg, Bruno},
  year = {2013},
  journal = {Mass Spectrometry},
  volume = {19},
  number = {2},
  doi = {10.5702/massspectrometry.S0019},
  language = {eng},
  keywords = {persistent organic pollutants; climate change; chiral; atmospheric transport; air-surface exchange},
  abstract = {Elimination of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) under national and international regulations reduces “primary” emissions, but “secondary” emissions continue from residues deposited in soil, water, ice and vegetation during former years of usage. In a future, secondary source controlled world, POPs will follow the carbon cycle and biogeochemical processes will determine their transport, accumulation and fate. Climate change is likely to affect mobilisation of POPs through e.g., increased temperature, altered precipitation and wind patterns, flooding, loss of ice cover in polar regions, melting glaciers, and changes in soil and water microbiology which affect degradation and transformation. Chiral compounds offer advantages for following transport and fate pathways because of their ability to distinguish racemic (newly released or protected from microbial attack) and nonracemic (microbially degraded) sources. This paper discusses the rationale for this approach and suggests applications where chiral POPs could aid investigation of climate-mediated exchange and degradation processes. Multiyear measurements of two chiral POPs, trans-chlordane and α-HCH, at a Canadian Arctic air monitoring station show enantiomer compositions which cycle seasonally, suggesting varying source contributions which may be under climatic control. Large-scale shifts in the enantioselective metabolism of chiral POPs in soil and water might influence the enantiomer composition of atmospheric residues, and it would be advantageous to include enantiospecific analysis in POPs monitoring programs.},
  issn = {2186-5116}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_mazzolenimaurizio_2021_1,
  title = {Water management, hydrological extremes, and society: modeling interactions and phenomena},
  author = {Mazzoleni, Maurizio and Mondino, Elena and Di Baldassarre, Giuliano and Odongo, Vincent O.},
  year = {2021},
  journal = {Ecology and Society},
  volume = {4},
  number = {26},
  pages = {4},
  doi = {10.5751/es-12643-260404},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Resilience Alliance, Inc.},
  keywords = {brisbane flooding; maladaptation; millennium drought; system dynamics; water-management strategies; hydrology; hydrologi},
  abstract = {We present a system-dynamics model to simulate the interplay between water management, hydrological extremes (droughts and floods), and society. We illustrate the potential and limitations of the model with an example application to the Brisbane river basin (Australia). In particular, we test its capability to explain various phenomena that have been empirically observed, including the levee paradox, (mal)adaptation, and supply-demand cycles. To illustrate, we consider four water-management strategies: no actions, in which no measures are adopted to mitigate droughts and floods; fighting floods, in which a levee system is built and raised to cope with flooding; water conservation, in which demand management is implemented to cope with drought; and water exploitation, in which the water supply is increased to cope with drought. Our findings show that changes in flood and drought awareness can help contribute to the emergence of multiple phenomena. Moreover, the outcomes from the proposed coupled-modeling framework indicate that water-management strategies aimed at specific hydrological extremes can in turn shape the severity of opposite natural hazards. Given its explanatory value, the model can contribute to a better interpretation of changes in drought and flood risk and the role of alternative water-management strategies.},
  issn = {1708-3087}
}

@article{7192206f5eff0d0e4879db9667318e25_liz_2023,
  title = {Accelerated multiphase water transformation in global mountain regions since 1990},
  author = {Li, Z. and Feng, Q. and Wang, X. and Wang, Q.J. and Chen, Deliang and Zhang, B. and Gui, J.},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {The Innovation Geoscience},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {3},
  doi = {10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2023.100033},
  language = {eng},
  publisher = {: Innovation Press Co., Limited},
  abstract = {<p>Mountains are sensitive to climate change, and while amplified warming at high elevations is widely observed and fairly well understood, changes in the water cycles of mountain regions remain poorly quantified. Due to low temperatures at higher elevations, these changes involve multiphase water transformation (MWT). Through analyzing extensive data from global mountain regions, we determined that under the accelerating warming and lengthening ablation period since the 1990s, the strengthening solid�Cliquid transformation can be confirmed for 45 glacier basins or single glaciers. This is marked by an increase of 21.5 km<sup>2</sup>/10a in glacier area retreat rate, 387.65 mm for average negative glacier mass balance, and 60 m/10a for average glacier length retreat rate (of 414 glaciers) from the study period before the 1990s until the period after the 1990s. The accelerating liquid�Csolid transformation was indicated by an increase of 31.2 d/10a for the delaying trend of complete freeze time, an increase of 4.3 d/10a for the advancing trend of complete melting time, and an increase of 3.9 d/10a for the decreasing trend of ice cover duration for 22 lakes from the period before the 1990s until the period after the 1990s. The accelerating liquid�Cgas transformation can be confirmed by an increase of 1 and 0.69 mm/d/10a in the variation trend of actual evaporation and bare-soil evaporation from 1980�C1990 to 1990�C2017, respectively. Snow sublimation decreased by 0.69 mm/d/10a during 1980�C1990, followed by a statistically significant increase of 1.66 mm/d/10a during 1990�C2017, further confirming the accelerating solid�Cgas transformation. The accelerating gas�Csolid transformation can be reflected by an increase of 0.3 d/10a for the decreasing trend of frost days from 1960�C1990 to 1990�C2017. The moisture recycling ratio decreased by �C0.042 %/10a during 1980�C1990 and then increased by 0.443 %/10a during 1990�C2017, with the corresponding average values of 12.3% and 13.6%, respectively, which indicates an accelerating gas�Cliquid transformation. Approximately 59 rivers displayed an increase of 108.60 m<sup>3</sup>/s/10a for the runoff variation trend from the period before the 1990s until the period after the 1990s. In addition, the trends for lake number and lake area in the Tibetan Plateau increased 3.86 and 5.75 times, respectively, from 1976�C1995 to 1995�C2019. This acceleration can significantly change the spatiotemporal pattern of water resources and increase the frequency and intensity of disaster events, such as glacial lake outbursts, flooding, and waterlogging. Consequently, most mountain regions will require strong adaptation efforts to sustain water, food, and ecological security.</p>},
  issn = {2959-8753}
}